6

ACADEMIA
Tbilisis saxelmwifo
samxatvro akademia
1
redaqtori
marine bulia

saredaqcio sabWo
gia guguSvili, dimitri TumaniSvili, gia buRaZe,
vaxtang liCeli, nino RaRaniZe, nino WoRoSvili,
nana kupraSvili, ana kldiaSvili, irina elizbaraSvili,
mzia janjalia, maia mania, liana anTelava
dizaini
Tamaz varvariZe
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa
irma liparteliani

Editor
Marina Bulia

Editorial Board
Gia Gugushvili, Dimitri Tumanishvili, Gia Bugadze,
Vakhtang Licheli, Nino Gaganidze, Nino Tchogoshvili,
Nana Kuprashvili, Anna Kldiashvili, Irina Elizbarashvili,
Mzia Janjalia, Maia Mania, Liana Antelava

Design by
Tamaz Varvaridze

Computer services provided by

Irma Liparteliani

garekanze Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis Senoba,

dimitri ermakovis foto, XIX s-is bolo
Front cover: Building of the Tbilisi State Academy of Art, photo by Dimitri Ermakov,
late 19th century

www.art.edu.ge
Tssa, 2018
TSAA, 2018

ISSN 1512-0899
 Sinaarsi
CO N T E N T S

5 dimitri TumaniSvili
xuroTmoZRvrebis dacva-aRdgenis sakiTxisaTvis
41 Dimitri Tumanishvili
On the Protection and Conservation of Architecture
42 nana kupraSvili, lela miqaberiZe
prevenciis roli konservaciaSi
45 Nana Kuprashvili, Lela Mikaberidze
Role of Prevention in Conservation
46 nodar aroniSiZe
adreuli qarTuli taZarTmSeneblobis
ramdenime sadao sakiTxis Sesaxeb
75 Nodar Aronishidze
On Several Disputed Issues of the Medieval
Georgian Ecclesiastic Architecture
78 irma maTiaSvili
naxati jvari oSkis gumbaTis yelze
85 Irma Matiashvili
The Painted Cross on the Drum of the Oshki Dome
92 qeTevan oCxikiZe
mosazrebebi sveticxovlis aRmosavleTi
fasadis angelozTa reliefuri gamosaxulebebisa
da maTi Tavdapirveli adgilis Taobaze
101 Ketevan Ochkhikidze
Several Opinions on Relief Images of Angels on the Eastern Facade
of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Their Initial Location
104 ana mgalobliSvili
religiuri vizualuri kulturis
kvlevis meTodologiisaTvis
106 Anna Mgaloblishvili
For the Methodology of Study of Religious Visual Culture
107 samson leJava, beqa maisuraZe
darbazuli xuroTmoZRvreba da XX saukunis
qarTuli arqiteqturis zogierTi problema
118 Samson Lezhava, Beqa Maisuradze
Circular Architecture and Some of the Problems of the 20th Century
Georgian Architecture
125 Tamar amaSukeli
qarTuli sabWoTa arqiteqturis kvlevis
warsuli, awmyo da momavali
131 Tamar Amashukeli
The Past, Present and Future of Research
of the Georgian Soviet Architecture
132 sofio CitoreliZe
sawarmoo keramika mxatvar murTaz abaSiZis
SemoqmedebaSi
139 Sophio Chitorelidze
Industrial Ceramic in Works of the Painter Murtaz Abashidze
4

145 Temur qanTaria-jabadari

winamZRoli da xalxi (qristianis da
komunistis xedva)
150 Temur Kantaria-Jabadari
A Leader and People (Visions of a Christian and a Communist)
156 qeTevan ruxaZe
garemos dizaini – xelovnebaTa sinTezi
arqiteqturasTan
(marika izorias Semoqmedebis mixedviT)
164 Ketevan Rukhadze
Environmental Design - Synthesis of Art Forms and Architecture
(Based on the works of Marika Izoria)
173 klara (inga) qaraia
sauniversiteto muzeumebis roli akademiur
swavlebasa da sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi
186 Inga (Klara) Karaia
Role of University Museums in Academic Teaching
and Development of the Society
194 mariam daviTaSvili
kvleviTi proeqti – pioltelo,
jovani anCeskis meTodis gamoyenebiT
197 Mariam Davitashvili
Research Project: Pioltello. Application of Giovanni Anceschi Method
205 luka miqelaZe
evkliduri geometriis evolucia cifrul
modelirebaSi, cifruli samyaros dadebiTi
da uaryofiTi mxareebi
207 Luka Mikeladze
Evolution of Euclidean Geometry in the Digital Modeling.
Positive and Negative Sides of the Digital World

Dèbut
208 venera gociriZe
Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis
ramdenime tendencia Tamar meliqiSvilis
Semoqmedebis magaliTze
215 Venera Gotsiridze
Several Trends of Modern Georgian Painting on an Example
of Tamar Melikishvili’s Works
221 mariam miqaZe
religiisa da politikis kveTaze
(1990-iani wlebis qarTuli postmodernistuli
vizualuri xelovnebis erTi aspeqti)
223 Mariam Mikadze
On the Intersection of Religion and Politics
(One Aspect of Georgian Postmodernist Visual Art of the 1990s)
 5

dimitri TumaniSvili
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia
giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa
da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli kvleviTi centri

xuroTmoZRvrebis dacva-aRdgenis sakiTxisaTvis

iqneb axirebadac CameTvalos, magram mominda saubari xuroTmoZRvrebis, egebis

sazogadodac xelovnebis nawarmoebTa aRdgenis Taobaze, warmoidgineT, sityvaka-
zmuli mwerlobidan motanili amonaridiT damewyo. saxeldobr, SegaxsenebT erT
adgils uÁlki qollinzis adre (axla – ar vici) friad cnobili romanidan `mTvaris
spekali~. Carlz dikkensis TanamSromlisa da megobris 1868 wels dabeWdil am vr-
cel moTxrobaSi moyolilia, rogor daikarga 1848 wels ledi julia verinderis
mamulidan didroni almasi, rac mis diswuls, franklin bleÁqs dabralda. am saqmis
gamosarkvevad erTi wlis Semdeg gadawyda, dRes rogorc ityvian, `sagamomZieblo
eqsperimentis~ Catareba, risTvisac saWiro gaxda saimdrood ukve gardacvli-
li qalbatonis saxli iseve moewyoT, rogorc danaSaulis Rames iyo, es ki msaxur-
Tufross, gebriel beTerejs daevala. man, Tavis mxriv, cdis moTaves, ezra jenings
hkiTxa, mainc romeli oTaxebi movawesrigoo:
` – jer erTi, qvemo darbazi.
– `jer erTi, darbazi~ – Cawera beTerejma, – misi mowyoba ise, rogorc SarSan
iyo, SeuZlebelia, ser.
– ratom?
– imitom, mister jeningz, rom SarSan iq kakaCas fituli idga. roca batonebi
wavidnen, fitulic sxva nivTebTan erTad waiRes, waRebisas ki fituli daiSala.
– Tu asea, fituli gamovricxoT.
beTerejma Caiwera.
__________
– kibeze gaiSalos xaliCa, rogorc winaT.
– ... kvlav imedi unda gagicruoT... amis gakeTebac ar SeiZleba.
– ratom?
– imitom, rom kaci, romelic xaliCebs agebda, gardaicvala... xolo mis badals...
mTeli inglisi rom moiaroT, ver naxavT!
– Zalian kargi, unda SevecadoT sxva saukeTeso adamiani movnaxoT inglisSi.
beTerejma Caiwera...
– mis verinderis sastumro oTaxi zustad ise unda aRvadginoT, rogorc SarSan
iyo, agreTve derefani, romelsac sastumro oTaxidan pirvel baqanze mivyavarT,
meore derefanic... da sawoli oTaxi, romelic... mister frenklin bleiqs eWira.
[beTereji pasuxad sTxovs, neba momeciTo] – Tavidan movixsna pasuxismgeblo-
ba... daviwyoT mis verinderis sastumro oTaxiT. SarSan, roca xaliCas viRebdiT,...
uamravi Tmis sarWi vnaxeT. unda davabrunoT isini ukan?
– ra Tqma unda, ara.
___________
6
– axla pirvel derefanze... rode-
sac... gavitaneT yovelive, rac mas amS-
venebda, Tan mivayoleT msuqani bavSvis
qandakebac, romelic saSinao katalo-
gSi moxseniebuli iyo `kupidonad...~
mas... kargad ver mivxede da erTi frTa
daekarga. pasuxi unda vago kupidonis
frTisaTvis?
kvlav davuTme... `1
amgvarad, verinderebis mamulis mne
wuxs, rom patronebis binas winandel
saxes xan ris, xan kidev ris gamo, sru-
lad ver daubrunebs. irkveva ki, rom es
arc moiTxoveba, amisa da imis moklebiT,
Turme araferi fuWdeba, `SarSandeli
saxe~ uamisodac miRweulad iTvleba,
arc vis afiqrebs, manamdeli da axlande-
li igiveobrivi rogorRa iqneba.
ar vici, Tu dameTanxmeba vinme, mgonia
ki: aseTsave sirTuleebs vxedavT nebis-
mieri ZeglTadacviTi moqmedebisasac.
yvelam viciT xom – rac unda vakeToT,
rasac miviRebT mTlad is veRar iqneba,
rac manamde iyo. es saxuravze erTi cali
kramitis gamocvlazec ki iTqmis, arada,
rogorc wesi, sxvaoba ganuzomlad meti
aris xolme. u. qollinzis fitulisa
da kupidonis frTisa ar iyos, xSirze
xSirad SesanarCunebelsa Tu aRsadgen
nagebobas (qandakebas, suraTs, nivTs...)
raRac aklia da arcTu iSviaTad arc ki
viciT ra Tu ragvari (rogori iyo, mag.,
samoTrakiis nikes Tavi anda geguTis
sasaxlis Sida morTuloba?). aranakleb
sayuradReboa da – meTodis Tvalsa-
zrisiT! – iqneb ufro mniSvnelovanic
is iyos, rom raRac-raRaceebis gadmon-
arCuneba an dabruneba – mis verinderis
oTaxidan savaraudod gaxvetili sarWe-
bis msgavsad, – srulebiTac ar gvinda. es
1
u. qollinzi, mTvaris spekali, Targmani l.
TurmaniZis da e. jafariZis, Tb., 1990, gv. 343-
345 (Cems gadmonawerSi nawilobriv Secvli-
li maqvs rogorc mwerlis, ase moqmed pirTa
saxelebis daweriloba).
iqneb ase ganyenebulad ucnaurad JRer-
des, vgulisxmob ki ai ras: mouva vinmes
azrad ayaros qvafenili Suasaukuno-
vani qalaqebis quCebSi, maTze mdgom sa-
xlebSi ki eleqtro-denis gadaWra da
macxovreblebisgan televizorebis da
macivrebis gadayra moiTxovos? metic –
raoden saTuoc unda gveCvenebodes, vT-
qvaT, TbilisSi 1930-ian wlebSi mowyo-
bili sanapiroebi, meeWveba vinmes moe-
survos isini ubralod movarRvioT da
is saxisuqoneli napirebi miviRoT, ro-
gorsac XIX saukunisa an XX-is dasawyisis
fotosuraTebze naxavT.
rasac aqamde mogaxsenebdiT, CemTvis
erT martiv kiTxvaze dadis: ris dacvas
da ris aRdgenas vcdilobT, ra gvinda
da ras jer ars movufrTxildeT? zoga-
di pasuxi, erTi SexedviT, ioli misagne-
bicaa da Camosayalibebelic – dasacavi
isaa, rac Rirebulia. ase rom, Zveli Su-
ka-moednebis dasufTaveba-moSandakeba
arafers vnebs Zvel samosaxlos, Tu ar
davkargeT maTi istoriulad gamonakv-
Tuli ieri, arc axleburi keTilmowyo-
baa saxifaTo, Tu mas ar Seewira Sesaba-
misi Senobis gegmareba Tu Sida gawyoba.
cxadia, momdevno kiTxva is iqneba, es
`Rirebuli~ raRa ariso. amis Sesaxeb
uTuod usasrulod SeiZleba vilapara-
koT, oRond me amjeradac ar `vifilo-
sofoseb~ da imas davjerdebi, rac xe-
lovnebis istorikosebma Tu siZveleTa
moyvarulebma praqtikulad viciT – ase-
Tad, erTi mxriv, mxatvrulad faseuli,
sxvagvarad, albaT, SeiZleba vTqvaT –
individualur-dasrulebuli miiCneva,
meore mxriv ki – warsulis mexsierebis
Semnaxveli ram. sityvas didad aRar ga-
vagrZeleb, erTsRa SevniSnav – isic mes-
mis, es ori rom arc mudam calsaxaa, arc
advilad gansasazRvri. magaliTad, ri-
same mxatvruli Rirseba SeiZleba gauwa-
favobam ar SegvamCnevinos an acdenilma
esTetikurma ganwyobam (sityvis d. uz-

naZismieri gagebiT) ver dagvanaxos, na-
myosic vis ra eZvirfaseba, vis kidev ra.
vfiqrob, TumcaRa, rom es arcTu uime-
doa. garkveuli ZalisxmeviT yovel Cven-
Tagans SeuZlia gaigos misTvis savse-
biT ucxo xelovnebis mniSvneloba; arc
esaa SeuZlebeli, fasi SenTvis arcTu
misaRebi istoriuli movlenebis mosa-
gonars daado. ai, mag., CvenSi marqsistu-
li moZraobis erTi ucnobilesi saxso-
vari avlabris iatakqveSa stambaa, didi
xania `gamuzeumebuli~. rogori unda
iyos misi bedi damoukidebel, aRara-sa-
bWour saqarTveloSi? odnavadac ar
TanavugrZnob Tu bolSevik-social-de-
mokratTa moZRvrebas, Tu maT saqmiano-
bas da mainc is samomavlod saWiro mgo-
nia, Tugind rogorc adamianis – gindac
fuWi ideisaTvis! – Tavdadebis da saz-
rianobis Zegli.
CavTvaloT axla, rom zogad safuZvleb-
ze SevTanxmdiT da axla im sirTuleebs
mivxedoT, rasac siZveleTa Tu Semoqme-
debiTi (mxatvruli, teqnikur-samecnie-
ro...) namekvidrevis movlisas vxvdebiT.
pirveli arCevani, romlis pirispirac
vdgebiT, maTdami pasiur-mWvretelobiT
(ar vspobT, ar vafuWebT) da aqtiur (vu-
vliT) damokidebulebas Sorisaa gasake-
Tebeli. rogorc wesi, adamianebi meores
irCeven da maSinaTve axal siZneleTa
mTeli wyeba wamoiWreba, saerTo mniSvne-
lad ki maT is aqvT, ra zomiTaa dasaSvebi
Seexo sxvaTa naxelavs, rasac movla-pat-
ronoba garduvalad gulisxmobs.
didi xnis win, Soreul 1989-Si, me Tavs
ufleba miveci damexarisxebina isto-
riul nagebobze Sesasrulebeli sxva-
dasxva moculobis SesaZlo samuSaoebi.
biZgi saamisod dRevandeli amba ala-
verdeli mitropoliti daviTis (maSin
axladnakurTxi quTaTuri RvTismsa-
xuris) mowodeba iyo, quTaisis e.w. `ba-
gratis taZari~ bolomde, gumbaT-kama-
rebianad amoviyvanoTo. am gancxadebam
7
elda dasca xelovnebis mkvlevarTa Tu
damcvelTa mTel wres, romlis winaSe am-
gvari amocana manamde, SeiZleba iTqvas,
arc damdgara. umravlesobis damokide-
buleba imTaviTve mkveTrad uaryofiTi
iyo da es iotisodenadac araa gasakviri
– es xom `istoriuli nangrevis~, odin-
deli didebulebisa Tu Wir-varamis se-
vdiani Semaxseneblis ganaxlebas, Tana-
medroveobis mxriv Zveli xelovnebis
udao Sedevrs uxeS mikarebas, `Zveli
didebis naSTis~ romantikuli xiblis
gaqrobas niSnavda. amgvari iyo, ra da-
samalia, piradad Cemi gulis pasuxic
– vidre damevala sajarod gamomeTqva
Cemi azri (Tamar cagareiSvilis tele ga-
dacemaSi, sadac Tavi sityva b-n vaxtang
beriZes ekuTvnoda). da maSin mivxvdi – es
araerTxel miTqvams! – rom ena ar momib-
rundeba qristian morwmuneebs mivugo,
es mSvenieri ruinaa da mere ra, `locvis
saxlad~ Tu SeuqmniaT odesRac, ase-
Tad minda-meTqi. maSin vigrZeni mTeli
simZafriT, ase vTqvaT, `radikaluri
konservacionalizmi~, `konservaciis~,
amJamad arsebuli mdgomareobis dato-
vebis moTxovna sakmaod calmxrivi ro-
maa. swored am daukmayofileblobam ga-
mabedina gamemijna, erTi mxriv, nagebo-
bani, romelTa mecnieruli aRdgena-Se-
keTeba SesaZlebelia da isini, romelnic
SemoqmedebiTad, dRevndeli xelovanis
xedviT unda `dasruldes~ (rasakvirve-
lia, winandelis srulad Senaxva-Senar-
Cunebis valdebulebiT); meore mxriv, am-
gvari ganyofis safuZvlad dRevandel
yofaSi ama Tu im nagebobis monawileoba
davasaxele, misi moraluri sicxovle
(mag., `cocxali~ religiis salocavi an
sacxovrebeli) an uadgiloba (vTqvaT,
kromlexi an afrodites taZari)2.
2
ix. Cemi `aucilebel ZalTa Tanafardoba
(Zveli xuroTmoZRvrebis dacva-aRdgenis
meTodis gamo~. is 1989 wlis Teberval-martSi
daiwera, xolo pirvelad daibeWda JurnalSi
8
im SfoTian dros, rodesac sxva yvela-
ferTan erTad, ZeglTa dacvis warmarT-
va-gaZRolazec cxared kamaTobdnen, ar
mizrunia imis garkvevaze, azris msgavsi
msvleloba vinmesTan xom ar moipovebo-
da, arc imaze, rogor uyureben sxvebi
TiTqosda Seuval kanonad aRiarebul da
sxvadasxva dokumentSi (upirveles yov-
lisa 1964 wlis `veneciis qartiaSi~) asa-
xul konservacia-restavraciis3 princi-
pebs, arc maTi SesaZlo dazusteba-gar-
dasaxva momikiTxavs; da romc vcdiliyav,
albaT, bevrs verafers gavxdebodi. sxvaa
dRes, rodesac xelT gvaqvs Tugind Áuka
Áokiletos 1999 wlis SesaniSnavi wigni
`arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria~4,
mixeil petcetis mimoxilviTi narkvevi
ZeglTadacviTi SeTanxmebebis av-kar-
gze5; Tan maSin jerac ar yofila miRe-
`Zeglis megobari~, 1992 wlis pirvel nomer-
Si, am gamocemis, aseve ZeglTa dacvis sazo-
gadoebis swavluli mdivnis, q-n maia asaniZis
mondomebiTa da mecadineobiT. meored gamo-
qveynda Cemi naSromebis krebulSi `werilebi.
narkvevebi~, Tb., 2001, gv. 148-152.
3
Senobis, gamosaxulebebis Tu nivTebis
`mkurnalobis~ zogad saxelad am sityva-
Tagan erT-erTis gamoyeneba, erTi xania,
yvelgan sxvaganac da CvenSic met-naklebad
Ria cilobis sagani Seiqmna. arada, is, upi-
ratesad, sxvadasxva kulturaSi miRebuli
sityvaTxmarebidan modis – saxeldobr, ing-
lisurSi XIX s-is meore naxevridan `konser-
vacia~ damkvidrda, germanulenovan Txzu-
lebebSi ki – `restavracia~. CvenSi, calke
ruseTze gavliT, calke Cveni mecnierebis
germaniaze saukunis winandeli orientaciis
gamoisobiT ukanasknelma moikida fexi, axla
ki inglisuris moZaleba pirvelis Semotanas
ukafavs gzas. es didi araferi ubedurebaa,
Rirs ki dafiqreba, aucilebelia `enobrivi
modis~ ase uangariSo ayola.
4
J. Jokilehto, A History of Architectural Conservation, Am-
sterdam, 1999 (vuTiTeb 2005 w-is gamocemas).
5
M. Petzet, Principles of Conservation. Introduction to the
International Charters and Principles, 2004 (momyavs qar-
Tuli Targmani gamocemidan: `xuroTmoZRv-
rebis konservacia. principebi. mosazrebebi~,
Tb., 2007).
buli 1994 wlis e.w. `naras dokumenti~
avTenturobis Sesaxeb, romelic, Cemi
warmodgeniT, zemoxsenebuli principe-
bis krizisis utyuari maniSnebelicaa da
gamosavalis mimaniSnebelic. Tuki dRes
kvlav imave saTqmels mivubrundi, es imi-
tom, rom `konservacionizmi~ kvlavac
batonobs TeoriaSi, maSin rodesac sinam-
dvileSi, Tundac orTav amwams damowme-
buli mkvlevaris aRiarebiT, misi wesebi
vera da ver sruldeba, rac SemTxveviTi
ar unda iyos. es, ase Cans, maT sixistes
unda movaweroT, romelsac, vgoneb, meti
siTamamiT Cakvirveba unda. ai, ori ma-
galiTi m. petcetis zemomoyvanili naS-
romidan: a. konservaciaze msjelobisas
mkvlevari gveubneba – `istoriuli Sen-
obebis SemTxvevaSi, konservacia gulisx-
mobs yvela saxis RonisZiebebs, rac win
aRudgeba Semdgom ngrevas da daicavs is-
toriul qsovils. aman SeiZleba moicvas
struqturuli gamagreba saTanado damx-
mare konstruqciebiT, an Zeglis Semadge-
neli nawilebis Secvla an SemadgenelTa
dasruleba im zomamde, rac xels SeuSlis
mis Semdgom dazianebas~ da odnav qve-
moT – `SekeTebis samuSaoebi, romelnic
cdeba arsebuli nivTieri qsovilis ub-
ralod dacvas, aRar SeiZleba Sediodes
sakonservacio samuSaos sferoSi. maga-
liTad, napralis Sevseba... [mag.,] zRudis
ganarRvevis, ar miiCneva sakonservacio
samuSaod, garda im SemTxvevebisa, ro-
desac aseT Sevsebas moiTxovs is teqno-
logiebi, rac gamoiyeneba Zeglis usafr-
TxoebisaTvis~; b. meoregan, rekonstru-
qciebis ganxilvisas, mecnieri jer am-
bobs – `...gansacvifrebelia, Tu rogor
SeiZleba xelaxla agebulma Zeglma ara
marto Seasrulos misi Zveli funqciebi,
aramed xelaxla daikavos adgili isto-
riaSi, miuxedavad srulad ganaxlebuli
samSeneblo qsovilisa~-o; odnav qvemoT
ki – [II msoflio omis Semdeg] ~mravali
xelaxla aSenebuli nageboba axla Tavi-

danaa Sesuli Zeglebis siaSi, rogorc av-
Tenturi istoriuli Senoba; miuxedavad
imisa, rom isini verasodes Secvlian omis
wina periodis nawilobriv Tu mTlianad
dakargul originalebs, axla isini war-
moadgenen im periodis maCvenebels, ro-
desac Catarda maTi rekonstruqcia~6.
rac pirvel gansjas Seexeba – gasage-
bia, rom m. petceti misdevs `veneciis
qartias~, misi `konservacionistuli~
suliskveTebiT; gasagebia isic, rom ar-
sebulis (davsZen – Rirebulis! amaze
qvemoT!) konservacia nebismieri Zeg-
lTadacviTi RonisZiebis aucilebeli
pirobaa da amis isev da isev xazgasma,
samwuxarod, dResac azriania. magram:
erTi mxriv, man mSvenivrad icis, rom
`konservacionizmi~ XIX saukunis e.w.
`stilisturma~ restavraciam warmoS-
va, uwyis ra ukanasknelis Tavisi drois
`istorizmTan~, xolo pirvelis XX
saukunis `axal~ arqiteqturasTan kav-
Siric7 da mxedvelobidan arc misi ga-
daWarbebani gamohparvia; amasTan, is
ara mxolod imav gandrekis mimdevari
Cans, aramed, Cemi SexedulebiT, gverds
uvlis mis Tandayolil sirTuleebs,
rasac moyvanili amonaridebic gvimow-
mebs. marTlac, Tu daSvebulia Semdgo-
mi dazianebis SesaCereblad Canacvle-
ba (e.i. dakarguli nawilis sanacvlod
axlis Semotana) da dasruleba, ratom
aris sxva ram napralis an amonarRvevis
amovseba? gana naxeTqi da gamonangrevi
samomavlo xifaTis Semcveli araa? da
Tu asea, rogor gavmijnoT, am niSniT,
konservacia – restavracia? risac gin-
da Semotana SeiZleba dacviTi saWiroe-
biT gamarTldes (es ase xdeba kidec!)
da veWvob, aq raime cxadi raodenobrivi
kriteriumis SemuSaveba gamogvivides.
axla rekonstruqciaze naweri vnaxoT:
Tuki mTlad axlad anagebma Senobam
6
m. petceti, dasax. naSr., gv. 18, 35.
7
iqve, gv. 17, 45-46.
9
SeiZleba sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi
dakargulis adgili daiWiros (iqve isic
ki weria, isini iseve sasicocxlod au-
cilebelia `mosaxleobisTvis, rogorc
sakuTari Weri gqondes~-o); Tuki isini
– uTuod saTanado specialistebis mo-
nawileobiT, – ZeglTa nusxebSic moxvda,
raRanairad SeiZleba iTqvas, isini re-
konstruqciis drois maCveneblebiao?
isic gaviazroT, ranairi iqneboda evro-
pa, 1919 an 1946 wels iq `konservacioniz-
mi~ gamarjvebuli rom yofiliyo? wamiT
warmoidgineT Caqceul-gadangreuli
(nawilobrivi rekonstruqciac xom sa-
Tuodaa Cagdebuli) raimsis Tu nÁurn-
bergis eklesiebi, vena an varSava – nuTu
amas vinme daTanxmdeboda? an warsulSi
ufro ukan Tu miviqceviT, drois manqana
rom hqonodaT, dauSvebdnen `konserva-
cionistebi~ kÁolnis kaTedralis das-
rulebas da gapartaxebul parizis Notre
Dame-s uqandakebebod, mirbeul-mor-
beuls Tu daatovebinebdnen? gamotexi-
lad vityvi, evropeli meTodologebis
rigorizs isic kvebavs, rom maTi qvey-
nebi, maTive wesebis darRveviT, darevea
milag-molagebuli da aracnobierad
maT kargad esmiT, rom aravin dalewavs
`stilistebis~ `milamazebul~ daba-qa-
laqebs. arc is mesmis, ratom aravis afiq-
rebs, raoden didi winaaRmdegoba xvdeba
am `konvenciebsa~ da `miTiTebebs~ maTi
sityva-sityviT, uSeRavaTod Sesrule-
bisas – Tumca aSkaraa, rom zogad orien-
tirad isini savsebiT sworia! – raoden
didia, ricxobrivad Warbic ki, is maga-
liTebi, sadac isini ugulebelhyves8.
SeiZleba sadao iyos, vvaraudob ki, rom
TeoriaSi `konservacionistulma~ si-
xistem memkvidreobisadmi damokidebu-
lebis uaresobisken Secvla moitana,
8
iqve, gv. 21; J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 303 (aq
pirdapiraa naTqvami, XX s-Si stiluri restav-
racia mTel msoflioSi, praqtikaSi wamZRoli
iyoo).
10
rac TvalsaCinod SeiniSneba, metadre
1990-ni-2000-ni wlebis qalaqmSenebloba-
Si, rasac Tvalis SevlebiTac SeniSnavT,
mag., londonis bolodroindel xedebis
Tvalierebisas, sadac amoSverili axali
Senobebi aRar `a-dominanatebs~ arc wm.
pavles taZris gumbaTs da aRarc ra sa-
xelganTqmul istoriul Senobas9. Zalze
sagulisxmoa, rogor upasuxa am viTare-
bas britanulma ZeglTadacviTma azrma,
ris garkvevaSic cnobili organizaciis
`English Heritage~-is mier momzadebuli
ori meToduri angariSis urTierTSeda-
reba gvexmareba. sakmaod gaxmaurebul
publikaciaSi `sacxovrisis Zalmosile-
ba~ (Power of the Place, 2000), sxvaTa Soris,
iTqmis: `Tumca adamianebi afaseben is-
toriul garemos, is rodi warmoadgens
dabrkolebas cvlilebebisTvis. piriqiT,
adamianTa umravlesobas sjera, cvli-
leba aucilebeli da sasurveli romaa.
magram isini xedaven am cvlilebas is-
toriuli garemos konteqstSi... Cinebu-
li axali nageboba da dizaini Seavsebs,
Tan ki Tavisas Sematebs istoriul gare-
mos~10. axla naxeT, ra weria zustad aTi
wlis Semdeg, 2010-Si dabeWdil wignSi
`sacxovrisis dafaseba: dadebiTi praq-
tika sakonservacio arealebSi~: `adgi-
lobrivi gansxvavebulobis aRiareba
kanonmdeblobiTaa ganmtkicebuli. igi
cvlilebis an axleburi ganviTarebis Ta-
vidan acilebis iaraRi rodia. yoveli sa-
konservacio areali moicavs adgilebs,
romelTac cvlileba ganucdia. xSirad
swored es cvlilebebia im niSan-Tviseba-
Ta Semomtani, romelTa dacvac gvsurs;
xSiradvea Semdgom cvlilebebs unda
9
amis Sesaxeb sagangebo moxseneba warmoadgina
2011 w-s TbilisSi gamarTul samecniero Ta-
vyrilobaze friad cnobilma meTodologma
herb stouvelma (ix. H. Stovel, Maintaining Values –
Communities and Heritage Preservation in a Market Econ-
omy Perspective, kr. `sazogadoeba da istoriuli
garemo~, konferenciis masalebi, Tb., 2012).
10
Power of the Place, 2000, gv. 2.
mieCinos kidec adgili, Tu Cven gvsurs
uzrunvelvyoT amgvar sacxovrisTa... mo-
mavali~11. SeiZleba mogeCvenoT, am gamo-
naTqvamTa Sinaarsi erTi da igive ariso.
magram davukvirdeT: maTgan pirvelSi is-
toriuli garemo mosakrZali mocemulo-
baa, romlis wiaR da romlis sasikeTodac
xdeba ragindara cvlileba. meoreSi – Ta-
vad es ukanasknelia mocemuloba da TviT
garemoc misi uwyveti dinebis nayofia,
romlisTvis damRupveli cvalebis Se-
ferxebis cda iqneboda. naklebad mjera
es axali TvalTaxedva sakuTari mowadi-
nebis Sedegi yofiliyos, es ufro Secv-
lil garemoebaTa gamoZaxili unda iyos.
marTalia, droiT motanili, igi, egebda,
ukve mihyveba kidec missave mdinarebas,
magram viciT ki, win ra gvelis? da gindac
xvales siZvelis mimarT keTili ganwyo-
bilebis moZliereba mohyves, sapirispi-
ro Semobruneba savsebiT mosalodnelia
da Tundac amitom gvijobs ufro naTlad
gamovirkvioT, ras vemyarebiT, ra gvaqvs
sazomada da saxelmZRvanelod.
saamisod upriani mgonia ara romelime
dokumentis, aramed XX saukunis erTi
usaxelganTqmulesi ZeglTadamcvelis
Cezare brandis (1906-1988) debulebe-
bi vimegzuroT, kerZod, misi 1963 wels
dabeWdili `restavraciis Teoria~. am
moazrovnisTvis (igi esTetikos-filo-
sofosic gaxldaT da mweralic) yvelaf-
ris Tavi da bolo xelovnebis nawarmoe-
bis gagebaa. Tu Tavs davanebebT mxatvru-
li qmnilebis – CemTvis sakmaod bundo-
van! – gansazRvrebas, viTarca xelovanis
aqtivobis Sedegad gaCenili, oRond
Semdgom misganve damoukidebeli (Tumc
myofoba-eqzistencirebas-moklebuli)
zedrouli `wminda realobisa~, masTan
saubaria `mTlianobiTobiT~ (`unitá~, ing.
Sesatyvisi – oneness) aRbeWdil, ram niv-
Tier matarebelze, romelSicaa ganxor-
11
Valuing Places: Good Practice in Conservation Areas, 2010
(Foreword).

cielebuli sulieri monaRvawi. aqedan
`gamoiyvaneba~ Semdegi debulebebi:
a. `restavracias miznad unda hqondes
aRadginos xelovnebis nawarmoebis
potenciuri mTlianobiToba, ramdena-
dac es SesaZlebelia mxatvruli Tu is-
toriuli yalbismqnelobis gareSe da
xelovnebis nawarmoebis droSi arse-
bobis yvela kvalis wauSlelad~, Tanac
– `restavrirdeba mxolod xelovnebis
nawarmoebis masala~;
b. `Tuki xelovnebis nawarmoebi, rome-
lic ar aris nawilTa jami, fizikurad
fragmentirebulia, igi rogorc po-
tenciuri mTlianoba fragmentTagan
yovelSi ganagrZobs arsebobas...xelo-
vnebis yoveli nawarmoebis `forma~ ga-
nuyofelia, Tuki nawarmoebi fiziku-
rad damsxvreulia, unda vcadoT gan-
vavrcoT yovel fragmentSi arsebuli
mTlianobiTobis potenciali. es mc-
deloba imis proporciulia, ra oden-
obiTaa kvlavac daculi yovel frag-
mentSi Tavdapirveli forma...samuSao,
ganzraxuli Tavdapirveli mTliano-
biTobis mTelis fragmentTa potenci-
uri mTlianobiTobis ganvrcobis gziT
aRsadgenad... fragmentebSi dednis an-
da sando wyaroebidan mopovebuli mo-
wmobebiT unda iyos sazRvardebuli~;
g. `...maintegrirebeli Careva yovelTvis
iolad sacnobi unda iyos, oRond ar
unda SeuSalos xeli mTlianobiTobas,
romlis aRdginebisTvisacaa is gamiz-
nuli. amitomac, gamamTlianeblebi ar
unda moCandes im manZilidan, romli-
danac ixilveba xelovnebis nawarmoebi.
axlodan dakvirvebisas is maSinaTve,
sagangebo aRWurvilobis gareSe unda
iyos cxadi~;
d. `...xelovnebis nawarmoebis wiaR...
drois sami gancalkevebuli momentiT
warmosdgeba. pirveli xangrZliobaa
xelovnebis nawarmoebis eqsternaliza-
ciisa, xelovanis mier misTvis formis
micemisa; meore Sualedia Semoqmede-
11
biTi procesis dasasrulsa da im Jams
Soris, rodesac cnobiereba aRiqvams
xelovnebis nawarmoebs; mesame, is wamia
(instant), rodesac xelovnebis nawarmoe-
bi cnobierebas mexis dacemasaviT daeZ-
gereba~;
e. `radganac xelovnebis nawarmoebi is-
toriuli monacemia, is aseTad im uki-
dures SemTxvevaSic unda ganixilebo-
des, rodesac formismieri mowesrige-
buloba, romelmac nivTierebas xelo-
vnebis nawarmoebis saxe misca, TiTqmis
gamqralia... Cven unda davakvirdeT
nangrevis konservaciis gzebs...
nangrevi... gaxlavT yvelaferi, rac ada-
mianTa istorias emowmeba, magram misi
Tavdapirveli ieri imdenad Secvlilia,
rom is TiTqmis versacnobia...
...arsebobs da mudam jiutad brundeba
ilÁuzia, rom SesaZlebelia nangrevs
misi Tavdapirveli forma daubrundes.
araa sakmarisi vicodeT – gindac didZa-
li, dawvrilebiTi sabuTismieri monace-
mebiT – rogori ieri hqonia nawarmoebs,
vidre nangrevi gaxdeboda. rekonstruq-
cias, kvlav-qmnas Tu aslis keTebas ara-
feri aqvs saerTo sakuTriv restavra-
ciasTan~.
Tu `rekonstruqciis amocanaa Seiwovos
da STanTqas manamde arsebuli nawarmoe-
bi~, es `Tumc ki restavraciis sferos
ar ganekuTvneba – SeiZleba savsebiT ka-
nonieri iyos, istoriuladac ki, radgan
es kvlav aris avTenturi, yavlgauvle-
li mowmoba adamianis aqtivobisa da ro-
gorc aseTi, istoriis monacemic...
Cven pativi unda mivagoT axal mTliano-
biTobas, romelic... xelovnebis nawar-
moebSi axalma Serwymam warmoqmna...
...rekonstruqcia miT ufro misaRebia...
ramdenadac is cdilobs Zvelis nacvlad
axali mTlianobiTobis Seqmnas~.
“...[gviani] damanatis konservacia nor-
maa, mocileba gamonaklisi~;
12
[esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT] `...Tuki da-
namati xels uSlis, aukuRmarTebs, abun-
dovnebs xelovnebis nawarmoebis gareg-
nobas, anda nawilobriv yuradRebas mog-
vaklebinebs misTvis, is mosacilebelia~.
“...asliT Canacvleba verc istoriul sa-
fuZvelze iqneba gamarTlebuli da verc
esTetikurze... `;
“...Zveli istoriuli garemos iercvla
misi qsovilis Semadgeneli nawilebis Ca-
nacvlebiT ver iqneba nebadarTuli~12.
C. brandis naazris es amonakrebi – sru-
li teqsti (sxvaTa Soris, arc ise vr-
celi, arcTu 60 gverdi), cxadia, azris
elferebiTa da xviebiT bevrad mdida-
ria, – sakmarisad unda gviCvenebdes misi
xedvis amomwuraobas. Tu zemomoyvanils
davumatebT SedarebiT sasxvaTaSori-
sod naTqvams, `restavracia win ki ar
unda aRudges raimegvar momaval res-
tavracias, aramed ufro unda gaaadvi-
los igi~ da `restavraciaSi kidev erTi
mwvalebloba `fantaziiT restavracia~
ariso13, rac gamoyenebuli masalis `mo-
cilebadobis~ cnobil principsa da ara-
nakleb cnobili moTxovnis – `restavra-
cia mTavrdeba iq, sadac iwyeba varaudi~
– tolfasia, masTan yvelafers naxavT,
rasac ki e.w. `restavraciis foloso-
fia~ gvaswavlis. Tanac yovelive savse-
biT logikurad ebmis erTmaneTsaca da
pirvel, xelovnebis nawarmoebis gansa-
zRvrebasac. marTlac, Tu xelovnebis
nawarmoebi erTjerad-umagaliToa, mas
verc ras gamoakleb-daamateb da verc
riTime Caanacvleb. eWvi ar aris, C. bran-
dis Tavadac moexseneboda da Cvenc vi-
ciT, sinamdvile ase saucxood logiku-
12
C. Brandi, Theory of Restoration (ital. – Teoria del restau-
ro), Firenze, 2000, gv. 50, 49, 57, 61, 65-66, 69, 68, 73,
83. madlierebiT unda vTqva, rom am naSromis
italiuri dednisa Tu inglisuri Targmanis
moZiebaSi uzomod damexmarnen q-ni manana var-
ZelaSvili da b-ni vaxtang zesaSvili.
13
iqve, gv. 57, 64.
ri rom ver aris xolme. is Tavad aRia-
rebs – Tumc misTvis es sakuTriv `xelo-
vnebasTan~ kavSirSi araa – nawarmoebTa
kulturul-istoriul mxares14 da da-
namatebis mimarT frTxili damokidebu-
lebac mTlad ver eTanxmeba mis (cxadia,
es erTaderTi araa!) warmodgenas mxat-
vrul qmnilebaTa e.w. `kunZulovnebis~,
yvelafrisa da erTmaneTisgan sruli
gankerZoebuloba-Seupirobeblobis
Taobaze. aris aranakleb rTuli sxva ga-
remoebanic – ra vuyoT, mag., didi xnis,
aTwleulebisa da, zogjerac saukunee-
bis ganmavlobaSi mSenebare nagebobebs,
ase xSirs Suasa da dasavleT evropaSi,
ra movuxerxoT ara ubralod ramdeni-
me adamianis (sadac ramdenime kaci sxvis
Canafiqrs asrulebs), aramed ramdenime
ostatis (romelTagan TiToeuls saku-
Tari SemoqmedebiTi saxe aqvs da saku-
Tari xelqveiTebic hyavs) SeerTebuli
SromiT Seqmnil ferwerulsa Tu qan-
dakovan morTulobas? erTi ki uTuoa
– Tu rame marTlac gvaswavla rigiani
postrenesansulma `axalma drom~, es xe-
lovnebis nawarmoebTa (didebuli naqmni
iqneba es, Tu sul mokrZalebuli) er-
TaderTobaa, `moqmedTa~ msoflmxedve-
loba-msoflgancdis ganmsaxovnebeli.
aqedan gamomdinare, romelime maTganis
`xelis Sevlebac~ SeiZleba `xelyofa~
gaxdes, wabaZviT risame mimateba ki –
`gayalbeba~. arada, gulmisavalisa Tu,
sulac, Cveulis SenarCunebis moTxo-
vnilebac, SeiZleba iTqvas, kacobrio-
bis mTeli Tavgadasavlis Tanmdevia da
isic ZvelTaganve gairkva, saamisod ram
`Careva~ romaa aucilebeli. es savsebiT
gacnobierebuli unda hqonoda C. bran-
disac da, am SemTxvevaSi, ZeglTadacvi-
Ti qmedebebis `restavraciad~ saxelde-
ba misi midgomis arsebis warmomCenicaa –
misTvis maTgan umTavresi swored viwro
gagebiT `restavraciaa~, e.i. risame Se-
14
iqve, gv. 62.

laxuli mTlianobis aRdgena. mxatvru-
li namuSevris zemoaRniSnuli raobidan
Tu amovalT, Tanmimdevruli da gasage-
bia Semdgomi moTxovnebic – ramdena-
dac vici, arc vinmesTvis sakamaTo. raRa
Tqma unda, Tu ganumeorebeli sulieri
moZraobis nayofs unda SevexoT, araTu
darwmunebuli unda viyoT, utyuarobiT
unda vuwyodeT, ras da ratom `vubru-
nebT~ (C. brandi Sesabamis adgilze ana-
logiebis moSveliebasac ki krZalavs)
da `momavalTa CvenTa~ Cveni minamati
unda davanaxoT kidec, raTa is nawar-
moebis Semqmnels ar mieweros. es ki im
ubralo mizeziT, rom, savaraudod, mas
ver SevedarebiT da isic SeiZleba, ram
SegveSalos da kargad unda ganirCeo-
des, ra aqvs mosaSorebeli Cveni Secdo-
mis SesaZlo gamomasworebelT (aqedan-
ve aRdgena-“SekeTebisas~ gamoyenebuli
masalebis mocilebadobis saRze saRi
moTxovnac). rogorc vnaxeT, C. brandi
damatebiT pirobad imasac gviwesebs,
Cveneulis `damatebuloba~ sagangebo
TvalierebiTRa – Tumc iolad, – unda
iyos aRmosaCeni, araTu – rogorc ufro
xSirad weren da amboben, xels ar uSli-
des istoriuli nagebobis (suraTis, qan-
dakebis...) erTianobaSi aRqmas.
es yovelive, vimeoreb, logikuricaa da
arc Sedavebis survils aRZravs. meore
ambavia, ramdenad martivia am impera-
tivebis aRsruleba, raoden erTmniS-
vnelovania isini realur nawarmoeb-
Tan, realur muSaobasTan mimarTebiT.
amis gamorkvevaSi, Cemi azriT, Zalian
dagvexmareba ramdenime xnis winaT nik.
vaCeiSvilis SemoTavazebuli `Carevis
saxeobebi~15. amaTgan pirvels, bunebri-
via, umartivess, man `aRdgenadi sxeuli~
15
ix. misi `arqiteqturul ZeglTa konserva-
cia – SesaZlebloba Semoqmedebasa da `xelos-
nobas~ Soris~. moxseneba, wakiTxuli 2.XII.2016.
rus. mefisaSvilisa da vaxt. cincaZis xsovni-
sadmi miZRvnil samecniero konferenciaze.
13
daarqva – es iseT magaliTebs gulisx-
mobs, sadac danakargi umniSvneloa,
mdgomareoba naklebad Secvlili (araa
saWiro gaTxrebi da a.S.); sakeTebeli
aseT dros ufro mowesrigeba-mowyobaa
(saburvelis, iatakis). meTodis Tavsa-
texebi am rigis samuSaoebisas, SeiZleba
iTqvas, arc Cndeba – bevri-bevri imaze
SekamaTdnen damkveT-Semsrulebel-Sem-
fasebelni rogori gadamxuravi masa-
la iqnas gamoyenebuli – pirvandels
miaxloebuli Tu Tanamedrove. Zalian
xSirad am Tu sxva arCevanis sasargeb-
lod gadamwyveti ara ram sxva, aramed
gamZleoba da movlis siiole gamxdara
(albaT, axlac xdeba). ase, moTuTiebuli
Tunuqi, yovlad ucxo Cveni xuroTmoZR-
vrebisTvis, misaRebi araerTxel imitom
Seiqna, rom is kramitze iSviaTadaa ga-
mosacvleli da wyalsac masze meti al-
baTobiT ar gaaparebda. saqme, uTuod,
isic gaxlavT, rom aravin moelis, Seno-
bas saxuravi, iatakis fenili, karebi Tu
sarkmlis alaT-Semavseblebi saukunee-
bis manZilze Seucvlelad SerCenoda
da qveSecneulad maT nagebobis saerTo
saxes arc mivaTvliT. iSviaTad Tu mo-
gviwadinebia, gansakuTrebuli STambeW-
daobis gamoisobiT, saxuravi odindeli
saxiT gvexila (ase iyo 1970-ian wlebSi
kveteris eklesiis aRdgenisas – Tumc
masze `jansaRi sxuli~ hqondao ar iTq-
mis, – asea bolo xans gelaTis monastris
reabilitaciisas). qvemoT mogvixdeba
imaze saubari, es ramdenad `swori~ Tu
`arasworia~, axla ki imasRa SegaxsenebT,
rom TiTqmis arasodes damdgara sakiT-
xi, mag., eklesiis odindeli moSanda-
kebisa, maSinac ki, rodesac es, lamisaa
saswaulebriv, viciT. ase, mcxeTis sam-
Tavros macxovris Tav-taZarSi gamov-
linda agurgareuli duRabis fenili,
XI saukunis aRmSeneblobis Tanadrou-
li da arc vis ufiqria misi ganaxleba,
iqauroba qvis filebiT mofines... aseve
14
ar vayenebT xolme, amjerad ukve codnis
simwiris gamo sakiTxs Zveleburi naxa-
tis alaTebis Casmisa taZarTa gamobdR-
vnil anda XIX saukunis uxeSi xis CarCoe-
biT Sevsebul sarkmlebSi. es maSinac,
rodesac ramdenime aTwleulia ukve, da-
savleTSi daJinebiT iTxoven alaTebi ar
Seicvalos, raTa ar dairRves gare ieris
ritmuli wyoba. amasTan, aman SeuZlebe-
lia zemoqmedeba Sida sivrcis suraTzec
ar moaxdinos. CemTvis dauviwyaria, Tu
ra damxvda 1990-ian wlebSi yincvisis wm.
nikolozis axlad Seminul eklesiaSi. si-
marTle vTqva, cota vRelavdi, vSiSobdi
ra, sasinaTlo xvrelobebis nawilobri-
vi amovsebis gamo, Suqmoklebul taZarSi
moxatuloba ufro cudad dasanaxi xom
ar iqneba-meTqi. rarigi iyo Cemi ganc-
vifreba, rodesac aRmoCnda, rom gumba-
Tis yelis wm. winaswarmetyvelTa xateba-
ni ganuzomlad ukeT ganirCeva – etyoba,
momxatvelebs ufro mcxrali Suqis gaT-
vliT daetanaT xazebica da ferebic. ra
viciT, aba, ra sikeTes mogvitans alaTe-
bis ufro wvrilad gayofa – wvrilnaxa-
tianoba ki erTaderTia, rasac Cveneburi
mcirericxovani gadarCenili nimuSebic
gvidasturebs da danarCeni msoflioc.
aseve arsebiTi SeiZleba gamodges amoma-
vsebi masalis ragvaroba da Seferilo-
bac. Zvel saqarTveloSi sasarkmle mina
rom icodnen, sakiTxavi odnavadac ar
aris. magram SuSa iyo, viTom, Casmuli,
mag., korcxelis sarkmlebSi? da Tu ara
– ra? gapoxili qaRaldi? qarsi? an – sad
da rodis ranairi – sisqiT, elferiT, –
minis firfitebi gamoiyeneboda?16
16
alaT-Seminvaze CvenSi ix.: d. TumaniSvili, n.
nacvliSvili, d. xoStaria, mSenebeli ostate-
bi Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2012, gv.
179-184. ai karebi ki CvenSi mravlad gakeTda
– ufro xSirad `Cveulebrivi~, ubralod kli-
tis dasadebad, 1960-iani wlebidan ki mTel rig
mniSvnelovan taZars sagangebod daxatulic,
`daproeqtebuli~. eseni umetesad gergetis
samebis karis yaidaze liToniTa da didTava
iqneb metismetad gamigrZelda sityva,
Tqma ki imisRa msurda, rom praqtiku-
lad iolad Sesasrulebel samuSaoeb-
sac, Tu CaveZieT, sarkvev-mosaZieblis
gvariani bolo gamoebmeba xolme. ara-
nakleb CaxlarTuli xveulebi axlavs
im, sirTuliT meored Seracxil jgufs,
romelsac n. vaCeiSvilma marjved `aRd-
genadi sxeuli~ daarqva. misi moxsenebis
WrilSi aq saWoWmano bevri araferia, am
rigis SenobebSi `aRar arsebobs~-o ` esa
Tu is forma, magram darCenilia misi
fragmentebi... aqedan gamomdinare Sesa-
Zlebelia maTi ise aRdgena, rom forma
gamTliandes, darCenili nawilis zusti
karnaxiT. es miT ufro daSvebulia, ro-
desac sarestavracio-samSeneblo masa-
lac da Sesrulebis xelobac maqsimalu-
rad esadageba darCenil artefaqtebs
da `swavloben~ misgan~. am kategoriis
Zeglebica da samuSaoebic zust Sesaty-
visobaSia C. brandis miTiTebebTan, miT
ufro Tu sityva `misadagebas~ rogorc
nivTierad Tavsebadsa da mxatvrulad
mosaxdens ise gavxsniT. oRond, jer
erTi, sityviT ase ubralod saTqmeli,
kargad viciT, sakeTeblad `orjer ori
oTxsaviT~ sulac rom ar aris. qvis ji-
Sisa Tu duRabis SeTavsebac xom kvle-
va-Ziebas da sagangebo Sromas moiTxovs,
magram es imdenad meTodis ki ara – `me-
Todurobis~, muSaobis myari wesis amba-
via, rac CvenSi gvarianad moSlili kia,
oRond Tu mkacrad moTxovili iqneba –
Tu mecnierTa sazogadoebisgan, Tu Se-
sabamis moxeleTagan, – maleve gadaiqce-
va myar Cveulebad. namdvili da yovel
jerze axlidan gadasawyveti ki is gax-
lavT, rom, rogorc C. brandisganac gva-
lursmnebiTaa xolme moWedili, rac meeWveba
ase gavrcelebuli yofiliyo da, arsebiTad,
raRac pirobiTi `Suasaukunovani~ ieris Seqnas
emsaxureba. 1990-iani wlebidan gamoCnda XI s-is
moxaratebul-naCuqurTmevi karebis minabaZe-
bi – am droidan Cvens saeklesio xelovnebaSi
fexmokidebuli `tradicionalizmis~ rigisa.

xsovs da ragindara saxelmZRvanelodan,
awindeli xeloba Tanadroulad Zvelis-
gan Tan unda ganirCeodes da mas ar unda
eyofodes kidec. didi enawylianoba ar
unda imis Cvenebas, es advili rom ver
iqneba. kamaris mcire CamonaSalisa anda
gare Tu Sida perangis erTi-organ amon-
arRvevis gamTelebasac ki gaunelebeli
gulisyuri da Tvalisa Tu xelis sifa-
qize sWirdeba. mimsgavsebis mxriv gada-
vaWarbebT da, erTi rom, winandel-ax-
landelis sazRvars wavSliT; meorec,
wyobis suraTi SeiZleba gagviusaxurdes
– rakiRa, rogorc yvelam vuwyiT, Tavda-
pirvelisnair Tlas17, ginda uTleli an
riyis qvis zoma-moxazulobis da xsnaris
odenobasTan imdagvarsave Tanafardo-
bas verasodes mivaRwevT da, amitomac,
Zvelis axlisgan gaurCevlobisas pirve-
li gamoCndeba zadiani. Tu sxvaobas ga-
vamkveTrebT, axlad Casmuli zedapirs
`daalaqavebs~ da usiamovno siWreles
warmoSobs. es siZnele TiTqosda sul
martivi saqmis Sesrulebisas sxva rigis,
ufro dazianebul nagebobebTan dakavSi-
rebiTac isev da isev Semogvxvdeba; axla
ki, ai ra gvaqvs samsjelo. arasodes unda
gvaviwydebodes xelovnebis erTgvari
`araprognozirebadoba~ da TviT mcire
danakargisasac ki gularxein-Tavdaje-
rebulni ar unda viyoT. ver damiviwyia
erTi, Cemi azriT, metad Wkuissaswavle-
beli magaliTi. 1980-iani wlebis bolos
sof. atocis Semogarenis erTi momcro,
koxta, X saukuniT daTariRebuli ekle-
17
saTvalavSi isicaa Casagdebi, rom sxvadasxva
drois Tlili qvebi Tu qvis filebi erTnai-
rad ar gamoiyureba – ufro adreulebi mom-
etebulad `mkvrivi~ Cans, mere da mere – sul
ufro `mCate~, dRevandeli gaTlili ki qvasac
aRar hgavs – xan muyaos, xan Sorenkecebs. es,
uTuod, Tla-kveTis sxvadasxvaobazea damok-
idebuli da, vfiqrob, calke Cakvirvebul
Seswavlasac imsaxurebs – Tu samSeneblo xe-
lovnebis istoriis, Tu cvalebadi, ase vTq-
vaT, `esTetikis~ ukeT gamosarkvevadac.
15
siis restavraciis winadadeba momzadda.
namuSakevis sisufTavisa da tanwyobile-
bis garda, am sada nagebobaze erTi rame-
Ra itacebda mzeras – erT-erT kuTxes
SerCenoda calnaviani moculobis ga-
masrulebeli Tarosebri lavgardanis
qva, ganiv kedelze gakeciliviT Cenili.
magram am Senakecs Cveulebrivi swor-
kuTxedis ki ara, welSi gamoyvanili su-
ris moyvaniloba aqvs. naTelia, rom is
srulebiT SemTxveviTaa gadarCenili
da ukeTu Camovardniliyo, veravin war-
moidgenda odesme aq amgvari detali Tu
yofila. vin icis axla, ngreva-daziane-
bas ramdeni aseTi monafiqri da monago-
ni gadayva, es ki gvavalebs risame Canac-
vlebisas zedmiwevniT mokrZalebulni
viyoT, raTa odendel ostatTa naqmni
Cveni gamonagoniT arc zedmetad gavap-
rimitiuloT da arc `gadavpranWoT~.
umTavresi siZnele ki mainc isaa, sad
gadis zRvari `aRdgenadsa~ da – gansa-
zRvrebebs isev n. vaCeiSvils davesesxe-
bi! – `naklul sxeulsa~ da `nangrevs~
Soris an, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aRd-
gena-restavrirebas, `mTlianobiTobis
aRdgenasa~ da `yalbismqmnelobas~, re-
konstruireba-aslismkeTeblobas So-
ris. kacma rom Tqvas, saqme xom dakargu-
lis da moRweulis Sefardebaa da rogor
gindaT ueWvelobiT TqvaT, es jer kidev
`aRdgenadia~, is ki arao18. C. brandi TiT-
qos saimedo xelmosaWids gvaZlevs –
naSTi an atarebs Tavis TavSi Tavdapir-
vel mTlianobiTobas an ara. arki mgonia,
es sazomic saxeldaxelod mosaxmari
ram iyos. modiT, `qvemodan~ daviwyoT
da pirvelad `nangrevze~ vTqvaT oriod
sityva. C. brandis formula zustad er-
18
es n. vaCeiSvilis naSromSic aris naCvenebi,
rodesac `aRdgenadsa~ da `naklul sxeuls~
Soris CanarTad Camoqceuli kamaris amoyva-
na-ar amoyvanis sakiTxs ganixilavs – swored
imitom, rom is aSkarad erT jgufSic SeiZle-
ba wamoiWras da meoreSic.
16
geba iseT Senobebs, romelTagan, vTqvaT,
miwaze gegmis kvaliRaa darCenili an ki-
dev kedlis naglejebi, gnebavT, erTi,
kentad gadarCenili kedeli. magram avi-
RoT, mag., romelime cixe. maincdamainc
saTavdacvo nageboba ucabedad rodi
wamomcda – swored cixe-simagreebs ax-
senebs igive m. petceti nangrevebis xse-
nebisas da maT mxolooden konservacias
ganuwesebs kidec19. aviRoT Tundac qs-
nis cixe. is rom nangrevia, aba, ra saka-
maToa, iTqmis ki, masSi mTlianobiToba
aRar icnoba, pirvandeli ieri sul da-
karguliao? sxvebisa ra giTxraT, me ase
ar meCeneba – arc Tu bevri formaa aq,
romlis dadasturebulad warmosaxva ar
SeiZlebodes. vnaxoT axla sxva magali-
Tebi – Tundac n. vaCeiSvilis moyvanili
akvanebis eklesia, axlaxans aRdgenili.
SeiZleba iTqvas, misi Canafiqrismieri
saxe TiTqmis gamqrali iyoo? ki batono,
mas kamara aRar hqonda, arc gare peran-
gis didi nawili. magram ki aris mis agebu-
lebaSi, gnebavT, calkeul nakvTebSi ram
`saidumlo~, ram iseTi, samkiTxaos gag-
viCendes, aseTi iyo Tu iseTio? TiTqos
– araferi. raki asea, is, albaT, ar CaiT-
vleba `nangrevad~ C. brandis azriT...
akvanebas gverdSi aTobiT Tu asobiT
sxva nataZralic SeiZleba amovuyenoT.
magaliTad, iseTni, sadac meti nawili
– zogjer TiTqmis yvelaferi, kamarac
ki, – adgilzea, perangi ki Semoclilia,
Tumca budeebi dakargulis raodenobi-
sa da zoma-moyvanilobis zustad dad-
genis saSualebas iZleva – bevri aseTi
ganZarculi Senoba gvaqvs samcxeSi, qve-
mo qarTlSic... axla imgvar magaliTebs
SevxedoT, rogoric mravladaa, vTqvaT,
kaxeTis Zvel sameklesian bazilikebSi (n.
vaCeiSvili, sxvaTa Soris, erT-erT maT-
gans, vaCnaZianis `amidasturs~ axsenebs).
am sayuradRebo, xSirad kompoziciis
TvalsazrisiT metad RirSesaniSnav ta-
19
m. petceti, dasax. naSr., gv. 18-19.
Zrebs (mravalTagan ramdenimes Segaxse-
nebT – ruispiris wm. Tevdore, kalauris
wm. ioane naTlismecemeli, cxvariWamias
eklesia...) kedlis mozrdili monakveTe-
bi aqvs CamorRveuli Tu SemorRveuli
– maSasadame, isini `nangrevebad~ unda
miviCnioT; arada maTi `Tavdapirveli
ieris~ Taobaze saWoWmano an saerTod
araferia, anda Zalian cota Tu aris.
axla cota xniT davaneboT Tavi dazia-
nebuli Senobebis nairsaxeobaTa CamoT-
vlas da vikiTxoT, ra movuxerxoT ukve
CamoTvlilT – isini ki Cveni `nivTieri
memkvidreobis~ gvarian wils Seadgens.
piradad me, raoden ucnauric unda iyos,
meTodis (ara ganxorcielebis!) mxriT
yvelaze martivad gadasawyveti pirw-
minda `naSTebis~ bedi mgonia. `sayrden
wertilad~ aq kvlav savsebiT SegviZlia
C. brandis erT-erTi dakvirveba gamo-
gvadges. kerZod, mxedvelobaSi maqvs
mosazreba axali mTelis Seqmnis Sesaxeb,
romelic SeierTebs, Seinawevrebs uwin-
delis saxedakargul narCens. amas rom
werda, C. brandi, rasakvirvelia, isto-
riuli arqiteqturis romeliRac nimuSi
edga Tvalwin. Cven aseTTa SoriSor Zeb-
na araferSi gvWirdeba – romc ganze da-
vtovoT adreulis `masalad~ gamoyeneba
(rogorc es quTaisis XI s-is kaTedral-
Si gvaqvs), yvelas gvaxsovs arsukisZis
aSenebul `sveticxovelSi~ CarTuli
V saukunis bazilikis burjebis Zire-
bi Tu, gansakuTrebiT, grZivi kedlebi
maTi naSverebiTa da maTze gadayvani-
li `kamarukebiT~, gumbaTiani eklesiis
gambrjeni Zalebis gadasanawilebel ki-
dev erT safexurad gadaqceuli; aseve
SeiZleba davasaxeloT javaxuri taZre-
bi – XIV saukunis afnias eklesia, romel-
sac CrdiloeTi kedeli `TaRukebiani~
lavgardaniT VIII-IX saukuneebisa aqvs
anda XI saukunis zeda Tmogvis samnaviani
bazilika, mis CrdiloeT kedelSi Signi-
dan Cayolebuli VIII sauunis calnaviani

nagebobis fasadiTurT20. gvianisgan ad-
reulis `STanTqmis~ amgvarive SemTxve-
vebi saero arqoteqturaSic mogvepo-
veba – raRa Tqma unda, rogorc wesi,
mravalgzis SekeTebul-ganaxlebul
cixe-koSk-cixe-darbazebSic, Tbilis-
ursa Tu Telavur sacxovrebel saxleb-
Sic. bolo dros aseTi `inkorporire-
bis~ sagulisxmo magaliTebi gamovlinda
duSeTSi da maT Soris yvelaze moulod-
neli, albaT, XIX saukunis saxazino Sen-
obaSi CarCenili XVIII saukunis galavnis
fragmentia21. am Tu sxva `hibriduli~
Senobebis Sexedva xan gvaxalisebs, xan
guls gviCuyebs, Cveneburi galatoze-
bis, calkerZ, arsebulisadmi pativisce-
mas, calkerZac maT – sulerTia did xe-
lovanTa Tu soflis ubralo `mSeneble-
bis~ – Sinagan Tavisuflebas gviCvenebs.
maS, raRa gviSlis xels, Cvenc aseve movi-
qceT? SiSi, vaiTu, araferi gamogvivao?
davujeroT Cvens andazas `mglis SiSiT
cxvari aravis gauwyvetia~-o da vcadoT
bedi – erTic vnaxoT, didebuli arqi-
teqtura daibados! da Tu ara, gaugeba-
ri mainc xom ar iqneba – rogorc axla
mcxeTis `geTsimaniis~ taZari, sadac
ZvelisZvel naSTze varaud-mkiTxaobiT
iseTi ramaa amoyvanili, rac viTomc
odesRac mdgara... Tu rogori iqneba es
axali `mTlianobebi~ mxolod da mxo-
lod imazea damokidebuli, ragvari ar-
qiteqturis patronebi varT da viqnebiT
xval da, bolos da bolos, vivargebT Tu
ara, siZveles xom mainc vuSveliT? erTi
ki SeiZleba gadaWriT iTqvas: Tavad gad-
mosanarCunebeli udanaklisod unda Se-
vinaxoT da saukeTesod davakonservoT.
xolo maSin raRa viRonoT, rodesac na-
memkvidrevi mxatvruli mTeli kvlavac
20
d. berZeniSvili, i. elizbaraSvili, n. vaCeiS-
vili, c. CaCxunaSvili, javaxeTi, Tb., 2001, gv.
102 da 113.
21
m. mania, duSeTi. urbanuli da arqiteqturu-
li memkvidreoba, Tb., 2016, gv. 50 da 52.
17
ixilveba da is axlis wiaR dasanTqmelad
ar gvemeteba? jer perangCamocvenilsa
Tu SemofleTil nagebobebze SevCer-
deT. ra SeiZleba moifiqro am `gafcqv-
nil~, Tan ki, arcTu iSviaTad Zalianac
mosafrTxilebeli Senobebis pirispir?
yvelaze martivi maTi pirobiTad, ram
msubuqi konstruqciiT gadaxurvaa; ase-
Ti xerxic viciT: gamagrdeba kuTxeebi,
danarCeni ki iseve iqneba datovebuli,
rogorc dagvxvda – aris ama Tu im ad-
gilze qva, xom kargi, Tu ara da – ara.
pirveli gadawyveta sakmaod naTlad
droebiTi xasiaTisaa, amasTan, momcro
nagebobebisaTvisRa gamosayenebeli;
meore – esTetikurad naklebad mom-
gebiania, TvalisTvis Semawuxebeli, is
yovelTvis daubolovebeli, SemTxvevi-
Ti, amdenad ki, wesrig-nakluli Cans da
aseve, samuSaos gagrZelebis ganwyobas
aCens. etyoba, amis gamocaa yvelaze ga-
vrcelebuli budeebSi qvebis dabrune-
ba. ar SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo n. vaCeiS-
vils, rom am midgomisas yovlTvis aris
xifaTi, `Zalian Seviwrovdes Zveli da
`moigudos~, `Cakvdes~ axalSi~. savsebiT
gasagebia misi SeSfoTeba axlaxan xsene-
buli akvanebis eklesiis restavraciis
dros Tlili qviT gadamosvis SedegiT
– garedan mainc Zalze maRalxarisxo-
vani Zveli fragmentebi marTlac axal
moperangebaSi Caikarga da mSvenieri
interieri TiTqos axladnagebSia `ga-
momwyvdeuli~. gasagebia n. vaCeiSvilis
winadadebac, qvis gamoyenebis nacvlad
`Sefardebulad kontrastuli masalis
moxmoba, romelic... daubrkoleblad
warmoaCens Zvels~, saamisod ki, yovel
jerze ganxilul iyos mravalferova-
ni masalebis (SuSa, liToni, aguri, Ca-
mosxma, xe...) `mTeli krebuli~, Tumca
rogorc meTodis, aseve misi magaliTis,
xiT gadaxuruli mcxeTis wm. jvris mci-
re eklesiis calsaxa dadebiTi Sefa-
sebis erTmniSvnelovani gaziareba ga-
18
miWirdeba. zemoganxiluli `naSTebis~
SemTxvevaSi, kvlav vityvi, nebismieri
teqnika CemTvis warmosadgenia – gaaCnia,
ramdenad damajerebeli, gamarTlebuli
iqneba dRevandeli arqiteqtura. magram
Camosaxelebuli masalebis SeTanxmiere-
ba imav akvanebasTan arcTu Sesaferisad
mesaxeba – ranairad uSvelis maTgan ro-
melime amobdRvnil kedlebs? rac mcxe-
Tis wm. jvris eklesias Seexeba, rodesac
15-ode wlis winaT misi Sua sadgomis ga-
daxurvis sakiTxi wamoiWra, me TviTonac
xis moxmarebis momxre gaxldiT, raki
verc maSin vxvdebodi da verc axla vxv-
debi, sad unda vipovoT iseTi xuroebi,
vinc Zveli jvruli kamaris Semonaxul
kuTxeebs Sesatyvisad gamoagrZelebda;
tlanqi Tanamedrove naCorkni ki, maT
fizikurad Tu ar daazianebda, Tvalis-
Tvis usaTuod `gaauCinarebda~ da er-
Tianad daarRvevda am uZvelesi saloca-
vis mxatvrul saxesac da wynari amaRle-
bulobis misgan miRebul STabeWdile-
basac. oRond imxanad me es `Seficvra~,
jer erTi, mxatvrulad mosafiqrebeli
megona (naxatis, feris, faqtura-teqs-
turis mxriv), meorec, droebiTi Ro-
nisZieba. axlac meCveneba, rom gadarCe-
nis `Roned~, ramdeniRaca (gindaT asi!)
wliT, ukeTesi saSualebis gamonaxvam-
de, xiT SemoWedva savsebiT dasaSvebia.
magram rogorc mudmivi zoma is, sul
cota, Tavidan mxatvrul gadaazrebas
moiTxovs, Torem axlandeliviT – es me-
tadre CrdiloeTi frTis `Robisebrsa~
Tu `saSuSabande~ aficrvas Seexeba! – is
iqaurobas, ara mgonia, didxans SerCes.
gamosavali, iqneb, Cvensav Zvel xuroT-
moZRvrebaSi iyos saZiebeli. saamiso mi-
niSnebad meguleba me Tbilisis anCisxa-
tis dasavleTi kedeli. yvelam viciT,
rom aq ori gamokveTili samSeneblo
fenaa – didroni qvaTlilebisa qvemoT,
daCi mefis droisa da XVII saukunis, agu-
risa, zemoT. sinamdvileSi maT Soris
kidev erTi, mesamec Cndeba – momcro
Tlili qvebisa. es utyuarad ver iqne-
ba zemoTken kvadrebis Canafiqrismieri
Semcireba – am fenaSi jvris amaRlebis
reliefi moxvedrila, Tavidan samxreTi
karis Semamkobeli; Sesabamisad, es gviani
aRdgenaa – ara marto zomiT msxvaobari,
aramed zedapiris xasiaTiTac. rusu-
dan gverdwiTelis azriT, es wyobac XVII
saukuneSi gaCnda da mis gamosayvanad
VI saukunis dasawyisis lodebi gadaTa-
les22. arc imas gamovricxav, es rome-
liRac Sualeduri `meored aRdgenis~
kvali iyos, magram mTavari sxvaa – Cven
naTlad `vkiTxulobT~ or, cxadi sazR-
vrebis mqone Sres, Tan ki arc maTi usia-
mo `Sejaxeba~ xdeba – Secvlili ritmi
da – Cans, sxvagvarad gaTliT miRweuli,
– meti simsubuqis SegrZneba erTdrou-
lad gamohyofs kedlis am monakveTs da
igi uZvelesTan TanxmobaSi mohyavs ki-
dec. raRa Tqma unda, `anCisxatis~ Sua-
saukunovani ganmaaxleblebis mier Cven-
Tvis datovebul am `gasaRebs~ yvelgan
da yvelafers erTnairad ver moargeb.
ase, sadac nageboba duRabovan `ConCxad~
qceula masze daWdeuli mopirkeTebis
budeebiT, verc qvebis sigrZe-gans Se-
cvli da, Sesabamisad, verc wyobis su-
raTs. aq mTavari, sagulvebelia, qvis
damuSaveba da SerCeva unda gaxdes (ra-
sakvirvelia, bunebrivi mocemulobis
– Tanabari gafarToebis koeficientisa
da hidroskopulobis – sruli dacviT)
– SeferilobiT, teqsturiT gansxvave-
bul-mosaxdenis amorCeva; zedapiris-
Tvis sxvadasxvanairi xasiaTis miniWeba –
sadRac, egeb, xaoianoba mouxdes, sadRac
– gadaglesiT nakerebis `gaqroba~ da
sibrtyis `burusisebri~ gadamTliane-
ba. SeiZleba, safiqrebelia, xelovnuri
qvis mosinjvac, romelic, rogorc ambo-
ben, ragindara elferisa da faqturuli
r. gverdwiTeli, `wm. mariamis~ eklesia Tbi-
22
lisSi – anCisxati, Tb., 2001, gv. 34.

Tvisebebisa SeiZleba iyos. sadac ked-
lis nawilebia amosayvani – didi Tu pa-
tara, – SesaZleblobebic metia, samoqme-
do asparezic da, Tu gnebavT, pasuxism-
geblobac. qva-qva dasaxatia asaSenebeli
monakveTi, calkeuli filebis zoma-mo-
yvanilobiTurT, naySiviTaa mosaZebni
rigebi, maTi SeuRleba arsebul wyobas-
Tan da a.S. gamousworeblad, gulubry-
vilod imediani var, albaT, mjera ki,
rom aq SemoqmedebiT ZalTa mokrebas Tu
mivaRwieT, sasikeTo Sedegic ar daayo-
vnebs da meti gabedulebac mogvecema
iseT Zeglebs movkidoT xeli, romleb-
sac Tvals varidebT. magram amisi piro-
baTagani meqanikuri damokidebulebis
daZlevaa, risime pasiurad dakrobasa da
Semodgmaze uaris Tqma23.
axla rekonstuqciazec unda iTqvas
– srulsa Tu nawilobrivze. pirveli
CvenSi, ramdenadac vici, mxolod sagan-
gebod daSlili, namdvilad Tu viTom
`avariuli~ Senobebis CanacvlebiTaa
warmodgenili. Tumca arc ki vici, moer-
geba Tu ara es saxelwodeba im ucnaur
saqmianobas, rac CvenSi am mimarTulebiT
daaxloebiT 30 welia rac daiwyo. safuZ-
vlad mas, Tu ase SeiZleba iTqvas, resta-
vraciaSi `konstruqtorebis diqtatia~
– mSenebeli wyvets dazianebul nagebo-
baTa beds, radgan Znelad `samkurnalo~
Senobebze droisa da Zal-Ronis daxar-
jvas arsebulis dangreva da `anazomis
mixedviT zustad imisve ageba~ urCevnia
(1988 Tu 1989 wels istoriisa da kul-
turis ZeglTa dacvis sammarTvelos
samecniero-meToduri sabWos sxdomaze
es miamiturad pirdapir iTqva k. afxa-
23
amJamad arq. nino yanCelis moTaveobiT mim-
dinareobs avlevis samebis monastris galav-
nis da mimdebare Senobebis mowesrigeba – maT
Soris, morRveuli nawilebis `Sevsebac~, sad-
ac swored wyobis naxatiTa da SeferilobiT
miiRweva STabeWdilebis erTobaca da fenebis
TvalsaCino ganSrevac.
19
zis – maSin k. leseliZis – 3 # 6-ze, iagor
maisuraZe – aleqsandre xojaparuxovis
yofil qarvaslaze24 da aman igi kidec
gadaarCina). samwuxarod, yvelam kargad
viciT, es rasac niSnavs – ngreviT ki an-
greven, `zustad gameorebisa~ ki ra mo-
gaxsenoT – aguris nacvlad rkinabeto-
nisa Tu betonisas agiSeneben, zogierTi
saerTod qreba (ase aRigava pirisagan
miwisa erekle II-is moednis kideze, simon
batoniSvilis nasasaxlar adgilze, wm.
giorgis karis eklesiis win mdgari mS-
venieri saxli); xolo Tu nacvlad aigo
ram, rogorc wesi, is arc mTlad iseT-
nairia – mag., ori moculoba erTad iqce-
va (asea SavTelis quCis erT, odesRac me-
tad sagulisxmo kompleqsze), farTobic
icvleba da a.S. imaze xom aravin zrunavs,
rom `rekonstruirebuls~ rame mainc
SerCes uwindelisgan – arc saSeni masala
xmardeba Tavisi, arc xis elementebi, arc
romelime naZerwi mosarTavi. fasadebis
morTulobis mTlianad CamoTla da mis
adgilze axlad Camosxmulismiwebeba xom
daungrevel saxlebzec xdeba da raRac
uebar wamlad iTvleba, iseve rogorc
RiobebSi liTonis CarCoebis CaWedeba
(e.i. maTi proporciebis damaxinjeba!) da
Sida-gare zedapirebze liTonis badee-
bis moWimva. vTqvaT, es konstruqciuli
ileTebi marTlac eSveleba simyaris da
seismomedegobis gazrdas – ra vqna, ver
davijereb, ar moiZebnebodes sxva xer-
xi – ukeTu Tavs SeviwuxebT da yvelaze
gacveTils da gaCveuls ar CavebRauWe-
biT. isic mesmis, rom SeiZleba – Tu mo-
xerxebulobis, Tu, isev da isev, simyaris
mizeziT, – davuSvaT, gaaCino sardafi,
iq, sadac is ar yofila, Caayolo damate-
biTi seismuri sartylebi an raRac sxva
gamamagrebeli konstruqcia. ver gamigia
ki, ra mosazrebiT ar amogvyavs Senoba
missav kuTvnili aguriT, ratom vanad-
24
M. Mania, Architectural Walks in Old Tbilisi, Tb., 2008,
gv. 24.
20
gurebT (Tu sxvagan migvaqvs?) karebs,
xis svetebsa da rikulebs, daWvirul mo-
ajirebsa da `fardebs~, TabaSiris orna-
mentebsa Tu `niRbebs~. am dros, es ki ara,
winaaRmdeg fexmokidebuli azrisa, `ta-
laxiT nagebi~ ZvelTbilisuri saxlebi
agurebad irRvevao, rkinis badroebiT,
buldozerebiT, Tu ra vici, kidev riT
maTi, sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT,
dalewvisas kedlebi did-did `naWrebad~
modis xolme (mag., erekle II-is moednis
zemoxsenebuli saxlis mTeli sarkmle-
bi Tavisi moCarCoebiT) da gonivruli
gaZRolisas, darwmunebuli var, aseve
`panelebad~ SeiZleboda maTi marTlac-
da rekonstruqciisTvis gamoyeneba, rom
aRara vTqvaT mosarTavebis, saRi (isini
ki arc ise cota iqneboda!) naxaratevi da
naWedi Semadgenlebis da a.S. `dasawyobe-
baze~, rac ubralod savaldebulo unda
yofiliyo (da unda iyos!) da ris mougva-
rebladac aseT saqmeebs arc unda waepo-
tino. asea Tu ise, rasac CvenSi akeTeben,
an arc aris rekonstruireba-kopireba,
anda Tu aris – metismetad xarveziani,
xolo Tu muSaoba swor kalapotSi moe-
qceva, metsac mivaRwevT da yovel jerze
avTenturobis raRac wils mainc Sevir-
CenT, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi ki TiTqmis rom
anastilozs mivuaxlovdebiT.
ai, gaisma kidec sityva `avTenturoba~
– cneba, romelsac SelocvasaviT vimeo-
rebT siZvelisadmi udierebis mosageri-
eblad da risame gadmonaxvis saWiroebis
dasasabuTeblad. TiTqmis yovelTvis
misi warmoTqma-dawerisas nivTieri `qso-
vilis~ Tavdapirveloba-odindeloba
igulisxmeba, Tumca ociod welia – amas
xazgasmiT gveubneba, mag., m. petceti, –
is ara marto materialurs gulisxmobs,
sxva mxareebsac – Tundac, imav m. petce-
tis sityvisamebr, `RirsSesaniSnavi ad-
gilebis avTentur suliereba~-sac25. es,
rasakvirvelia, 1994 wlis `naras avTen-
25
m. petceti, dasax. naSr., gv. 46.
turobis dokuments~ ukavSirdeba da
gviRirs, vgoneb, masze cota xniT Seyo-
vneba, vinaidan masSi, TiTqosda, imaze
metis amokiTxva SeiZleba, vidre Cveu-
lebriv keTdeba da vidre Tugind m. pet-
ceti gveubneba. zemoT gakvriT SevniSne,
es xelSekruleba konservaciis prin-
cipebis krizisis mimaniSnebelia-meTqi.
dokumentis me-5 muxlSi vkiTxulobT:
`kulturuli memkvidreobis mraval-
gvaroba drosa da sivrceSi arsebobs
da iTxovs pativi mivagoT maTi sarwmu-
noebrivi sistemebis yvela aspeqts. im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kulturuli Ri-
rebulebebi TiTqosda erTi meores ar
eTanxmeba, kulturuli mravalferov-
nebisadmi pativiscema moiTxovs vaRia-
roT yvela monawile mxaris kulturul
RirebulebaTa marTlzomiereba~. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, muxl 11-Si iTqmis: `am-
denad, SeuZlebelia Rirebulebebsa da
avTenturobaze msjavris gamotana myar
kriteriumebs daefuZnos. piriqiT, yve-
la kulturisadmi jerovani pativiscema
moiTxovs, rom kulturuli obieqtebis
Sesaxeb gansja da msjavris gamotana im
kulturul konteqstSi xdebodes, ro-
melTac isini miekuTvneba~. vis SeuZlia
– qarTvels xom miTumetes! – kultu-
ruli mravalferovnebis pativmigebis
sawinaaRmdego Tqvas rame. misi aRiare-
baa is fuZeT-fuZe, romelzedac dgas
da unda idges yovelnairi adamianismie-
ri Semoqmedebis, maT Soris xelovnebis
raimegvari ganxilva. oRond: niSnavs kia
es, rom arsebobs anda SeiZleba arsebob-
des mravalgvari da mTladac erTmaneTs
SewinaaRmdegebuli Rirebulebebi? ima-
sac Tavi rom davaneboT, rom `Rirebu-
leba~ Tavisi bunebiT sayovelTao unda
iyos da sapirispiro Rirebuleba xom
sworedac meoris gamomricxveli unda
iyos – rogorc es unda vigulvoT fr.
nicSesTan, romelic mis mier uaryofi-
li, religiurad naxilvebi qveynierebis

nacvlad materialisturi, martooden
fiziko-biologiuri kanonzomierebe-
biT marTuli msoflxatis dasamkvid-
reblad `faseulobaTa gadafasebis~
molodinsa da cdaSi iyo. ase araa, rasak-
virvelia, dRevandel relativistebTan,
romelTa gaTvaliswinebiT weren `naras
dokumentis~ Semdgenelni (sabolood
is raÁmon lÁomersa da herb stouvels
gaumarTavT), maT plÁuralizms, romlis
miRma raime pasuxismgeblobaze xelis
aReba imaleba, amden siRrmesa da princi-
pulobas ver `davabralebT~. rawams amis
saWiroeba gamouCndebaT, isini maSinaT-
ve `zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebze~
ayvirdebian xolme. am dokumentSic, me-8
muxlSi maTve Caweres, xazs vusvamTo
`UNESCO-s safuZvelmdebel princips...
rom vinme erTis kulturuli memkvid-
reoba yvelas kulturuli memkvidreo-
ba~ ariso. rogorRaa SesaZlebeli, vinme
sakuTaris uarmyofel Rirebulebebs
Tavisad racxdes? meore mxriv, ranairad
SeiZleba erTdroulad yvela pativdeb-
des `sarwmunoebrivi sistemis yvela as-
peqts~? Tu asea, pativi miegeba, vTqvaT,
kambojur komunizms, sazogadod rom
ar cnobs raime memkvidreobas anda, mag.,
ritualur kanibalizms? pasuxad, eWvi
araa, metyvian, eseni Rirebuli srulia-
dac ar ariso, magram es xom iseTgvarad
mofiqralTadmi upativcemloba iqneba.
WeSmariteba isaa, rom Rirebulebani
universaluria, mxolod maTi gamov-
linebania kulturul-specifikuri da
areuloba maSin Semogvepareba, konkre-
tul gansxeulebas an, rac kidev ufro
mZimea, Rirebulebebidan aRmocenebul
idealebs Tavad universalurad Tu Cava-
gdebT. ai, mag., `demokratia~ ar aris Ri-
rebuleba, radgan is martooden erT-er-
Ti nairsaxeobaa sazogadoebis warmarT-
visa da, albaT, `samarTlianobis~ Rire-
bulebis gansaxovnebaa. RirebulebaTa
amnairi raoba, warmoidgineT, rogorc
21
etyoba, damwerTa uneburad, sakuTriv
`naras dokumentSi~ SeiZleba amoicnoT.
me-13 muxlSi waikiTxavT: `...msjavri av-
Tenturobis Taobaze SeiZleba informa-
ciis wyaroebis didi nairgvarovnebidan
gamomdinare faseulobebs miukavSir-
des. wyaroTa aspeqtebi SeiZleba moica-
vdes formas da Canafiqrs (ing. design, fr.
conception), masalebs da nivTierebas (subs-
tance), gamoyenebasa da funqcias, tradi-
ciebsa da teqnikas, adgilmdebareobasa
da midamos (setting) da suliskveTebasa da
grZnobierebas da sxva Sida da gare faq-
torebs~ (Sdr. aseveb.m. fildeni< i. ioki-
leto, msoflios kulturuli memkvid-
reobis RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebis mar-
Tvis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, II red.,
1998, 3.3.5). nuTu SeiZleba es yvelaferi
sxvadasxva Rirebulebebi iyos? Tvalsa-
Cino unda iyos, rom es erTi Rirebulebis,
`avTenturobis~ sxvadasxva gamoxatule-
bebia, romelnic sxvadasxva kulturaSi
sxvadasxva TanafardobiT da ierarqiu-
li wyobiT warmoCindeba. cxadia, odna-
vadac araa SemTxveviTi, `avTenturobis
dokumenti~ swored naraSi rom daiwera
– aki pirvelsave mis muxlSi iTqmis, iapo-
niis xelisufalT madloba ekuTvniTo im
Tavyrilobis mowvevisTvis, romelzec
monawileT `SeeZloT win dasdgomod-
nen sazogadod gaziarebul azrovnebis
wess konservaciaSi da ekamaTaT Tavisi
Tvalsawieris gafarToebis gzebsa da Se-
saZleblobebze, raTa konservaciis pra-
qtikaSi meti pativi kulturisa da memk-
vidreobis mravalferovnebas mivagoT~.
saqme ki isaa, rom, rogorc cnobilia, Tu
evropis sanaxebSi `avTenturoba~ calsa-
xad nivTier Sedgenilobas miemarTeba,
iaponiaSi guSin damzadebuli Zelebisgan
SeWedili taZari VIII saukunisad iwodeba,
raki moyvaniloba-gegmarebiT da masa-
lis damzadebis da Senebis wesiT zustad
iseTivea, rogorc misi aTobiT winamor-
bedi. magram gana SeiZleba iTqvas, dasa-
22
vlur-evropulma cnobierebam formisa
Tu Canafiqris fasi ar iciso an kidev
iaponelebs ar eZvirfasebaT namyos ma-
terialuri saxsovarni? Tqmac ar unda,
es ase ar gaxlavT. Sesabamisad, saubari
imazeRa gvaqvs, romel kulturaSi ama Tu
im Rirebulebis, amjerad `avTenturo-
ba~-“namdvilobis~ (is, Tavis mxriv, safi-
qrebelia, `WeSmaritebis~ uzenaesi Rire-
bulebidan momdinarea) romeli waxnagi
pirvelobs. qarTvel siZveleTmcodneTa
da kulturis SemswavlelTa erTi uax-
loes sakvlevTagani, aqedan, isic unda
gaxdes, ras niSnavs `avTenturi~ Cveni
kulturisTvis, Camosaxelebul – iqneb
kidev ram sxvac aRmoCndes, – mxareTagan
ra aris CvenTvis uZiriTadesi.
axla ki CvenTvis mTavari isaa, ras gva-
Zlevs avTenturobis `naras dokument-
Si~ gadmocemuli gageba rekonstruq-
ciis meTodis gasamarTleblad Tu ga-
samtyuneblad.
ra xdeba sruli rekonstruirebi-
sas? uwinaresad ama Tu im garemos ram
mizeziT dakargul moculobas ubrune-
ben, raimegvarad – ansamblurad, asocia-
ciurad, simbolurad... – Rirebuls. um-
Tavresi aq – es sacilo, albaT, ar iqne-
ba, mdebareoba, zomebi da danawevrebaa.
yvela eseni forma-Canafiqris cnebaSi
Tavsdeba da, amgvarad, rigiani ganxor-
cielebisas, rekonstruqciam SeiZleba
daakmayofilos avTenturobis erT-er-
Ti ganzomileba. Tu amas daemateba Ta-
vdapirvelTa igiveobrivi masalebi da
moSveliebuli samSeneblo teqnika, av-
Tenturobis xarisxi kvlav gaizrdeba.
ase rom, erTi rameRa aris garduvalad
sxva – nageboba aswleulebis win nacxo-
vrebi ki ara, maTze bevrad gvian dabade-
buli adamianebis xelidanaa gamosuli.
ras niSnavs es, ras cvlis, ra wili aqvs
amasa da ara imismierobas mxatvrul er-
TaderToba-mTlianobiTobaSi?
amgvar kiTxvaTa rkalSi gzis gasagnebad
kidev erT saxelganTqmul moazres, XIX
saukunis erT-erT yvelaze gasmenil da
nayofier britanel moazres, jon ras-
qins (1819-1900) unda mivmarToT. `kon-
servaciis filosofiaSi~ is umTavresad
restavraciis uarmyofeladaa Sesuli
da misi SeZaxili – restavracia `to-
taluri ngreva~ ariso26, `radikaluri
konservacionizmis~ momxreTaTvis sau-
keTeso STamagonebelia. aq araa imis axs-
nis adgili, rom aseTi simZafre mniSvne-
lovanwilad imdroindeli aRdgenebis
TvisobriobiT iyo Sepirobebuli – maT
marTlac bevri ram Rirebuli ewirebo-
da. verc imaze gavagrZelebT sityvas,
Tu raa misi mrwamsis WeSmariti saTave,
mokledRa vaxseneb: es misi maSindeli
(mogvianebiT mis cxovrebaSi sxvagva-
ri periodebic yofila) RvTismosavo-
baa, romlis kvalad xelovnebis sazomi
zneobrivi bunebisaa – ostatis Tavdade-
ba saqmisadmi, misTvis gaRebuli garja,
WeSmaritebas Seziarebuli da RvTisadmi
Tavisufali morCilebiT gamkvidrebuli
rwmeniT amoZravebulni. swored am rwme-
nidan `gamoiyvaneba~, rom im gulanTebu-
lis nakeTebs sxvas ver Caunacvleb, arqi-
teqturis `simarTle~ konstruqciulo-
bis ar-dafarvaa da a.S. Cvens msjelobas
misi sxva dakvirveba msurs mivuyeno –
1849 wlis im TxzulebaSi, `Svidi sanTeli
arqiteqturisa~, sadac am wuTs moyvani-
li azrebia motanili, aseTi ram gakrTa –
`srulyofili da uaRresad faqizi gamo-
yvaniloba~ (finish) ki ariso kargi, magram
Sesruleba mainc Canafiqr-koncefcias
unda eqvemdebarebodes, xelovnebis gan-
viTarebisas mas win arc unda uswrebde-
so27. oriod weliwadSi dastambul meo-
re saxelganTqmul wignSi j. rasqinisa,
`qvani veneciisa~ (1851-1853), es naazri
26
J. Ruskin, The Seven Lamps of Architecture, London
[wlis miTiTebis gareSe], gv. 203.
27
iqve, gv. 160-161.

miaxloebiT aseTnairad gaiSala: war-
marTul xelovnebaSi, kerZod, berZnul-
Si, Semsrulebeli – mona srulyofilad
asrulebs zedmdgomis davalebuls; Sua
saukuneebSi qristianoba aRiarebs yove-
li sulis individualur Rirebulebas
misi raginda iyos arasrulyofilebisas
da goTuri xuroTmoZRvrebis skoleb-
Si dabal gonTa (inferior minds) naRvawi
Sewynarebulia misi arasrulyofilebi-
TurT, saboloo mTlianobas ki araferi
daewuneba. aRorZinebis xana – xelovne-
bis srulqmnilobas moiTxovs da amiT
Rupavs arqiteqturas; am xanas didi mo-
qandakeebi da, metadre, fermwerni hyavs,
maTze naklebi xelosani ki aslismkeTeb-
lad iqca, `ris sanacvlodac suli da-
karga~28. viziareb ra j. rasqinis aRfr-
Tovanebas Sua saukuneebis xelovnebiT
da kritikulobas evropuli renesansis,
viTarca sulieri movlenis, mimarT, ara
mgonia, am epoqis naSeni ase aTvalsawu-
nebeli iyos. amasTanave, calke aRebu-
li Tvisebebi, erTi mxriv, medievaluri,
meore mxriv, renesansul-postrenesan-
suli xuroTmoZRvruli morTulobisa,
sakamaTo ar unda iyos: Sua saukuneebis
mqandakebel-meCuqurTmeni bevrad me-
tad iyvnen `miSvebuli nebasa~, vidre
mermindeli skulptorebi da dekorato-
rebi – xelwerismieri Tu formgancdiTi
sxvaobebi adre bevrad aSkarad cxadiyo-
fa da es, marTlac, ar laxavs erTiano-
bas, maSin rodesac mogvianod es ukanask-
neli TvalsaCino deindividualizaciiT
miiRweva. esec kia: dapirispireba zedme-
tadaa gamkveTrebuli – `axali drois~
winaTac, dasavleTSi Tu Cvens mSobliur
samxreT kavkasiaSi, Zalianac igrZnoba
warmmarTveli gamZRolis wvlili – ua-
misod verc kompoziciuri gamarTulo-
ba gveqneboda da verc Sinaarsobrivi
datvirTuloba; aseve arc XV-XVI sauku-
28
J. Ruskin, The Stones of Venice, edited and introduced by
J. Morris, London, 1981, gv. 20-121, 289.
23
neebis naSenobaSi gamqrala xelismieri
sxvaobebi, saubari, cxadia, met-naklebo-
bazea da ara absolutur sxvadasxvagva-
robaze. oRond axla yvelaze sayuradRe-
bo isaa, ragvarad aisaxa momdevno drois
meTodologTa naazrSi SeniSnuli nairg-
varoba. XIX saukunis bolosken italiel-
ma kamillo boitom (1836-1914) SeimuSava
samgvari midgoma sami juris ZeglTadmi
– a. antikuri, arqeologiuri Rirebule-
bis mqone naSTebi arsebulis SenarCune-
biT unda yofiliyo daculi (“arqeolo-
giuri restavracia~); b. Suasaukunovani,
cxovelxatuli ieriT gamorCeuli na-
gebobebi SesakeTebel-sakonsolidacio
ariso, zogjer Zvelis CanacvlebiTac,
oRond ise, rom xelnaxleboba arc etyo-
bodes (“cxovelxatuli restavracia~); g.
arqiteqturuli mSvenierebiT aRbeWdi-
li nagebobebi uSvebs originaluri for-
mebis Secvlas (“arqiteqturuli restav-
racia~) – aq es ufro adviliao. ukanask-
neli nebadarTuli ratomaa, am dayofis
gamziarebeli gustavo jiovannonisgan
(1873-1947) vtyobilobT – imitomo, rom
XVI saukunidan mSenebloba teqnolo-
giurad srulyofilia, amdenad ki, io-
lia misi reproducirebac29. sxvagvarad
Tu vityviT, mogvianod individualuri
gadaxvevebis uqonloba SesaZlebels
hyofs imitirebas: rac pirad-pirovnu-
lis beWeds ar atarebs, aslisgan didad
ver gansxvavdeba.
safiqrebelia, es dakvirvebebi marTlac
SeiZleba ganzogaddes – rac naklebia
Semqmnelismieri, individualobiT gan-
sazRvruli, rac metia stereotipuloba,
dayalibebuloba an dayalibebulobisma-
gvaroba (mag., ganmeorebadi, dadgenili
antikuri profilebi, martivi, calsaxad
erTnairi – mag., burTisebri, kuburi...),
miT ufro mcirea saSiSroeba arsebrivad
SeibRalos uwindeli monafiqri. amgvari
mosazrebebiT ufro adrec xelmZRvane-
29
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 202, 222.
24
lobdnen, mag., maSin, rodesac 1817-1823
wlebSi raffaele Sternma (1774-1820)
da juzeppe valadÁem (1762-1839) romSi
titusis satriumfo TaRi30, xolo 1854
wels vinme galatozma arqimandrit ta-
rasis (aleqsi-mesxiSvili) meTvalyu-
reobiT qvaTaxevis taZaris sarkmelTa
sapireebi31 zogadi profilebis mimsgav-
sebiT, oRond kveTilobis gareSe aRad-
gines. amdagvarsave gzas daadgnen, mag.,
1944 wels daqceuli mÁunxenis sakaTed-
ro RmrTismSoblis taZris (1468-1525)
ganmaaxlebelnic – goTuri kamara ki
gadaiyvanes, mourTvelad ki, da Sede-
gi, ise Cans, rigiania32. Cvens sinamdvi-
leSi SeiZleba amave yaidis `upirovno~,
ara imdenad Semsruleblis, ramdenadac
damgegmav-arqiteqtoris, maTi modelis
(individualuric swored isaa) momfi-
qreblis nebiT gansazRvrul elemen-
tebad miviCnioT da dakargulebsa da
dampal-gamofitulebs – aramc da aramc
`janmrTelT~! – CavunacvloT gamo-
Carxuli an kidev martivad danakvTuli
xis Semadgenelni – svetebi, rikulebi,
alaTebi, karebi, koWebi...igive SeiZleba
iTqvas sxmul mosarTavebze – Tu safa-
sadoze, Tu Sidaze, – anu martiv moZerw-
vaze (mag., Wers Semoyolebuli kozmide-
bi). SesaZloa, swored amgvari formebiT
`awyobis~ gamo `akeTebs Tavis saqmes~,
e.i. Sesabamis ubans xasiaTs unarCunebs
erTi Cveneburi uadresi rekostruqcia
Tu asli (radgan gamoyenebuli masala
pirvandels ar imeorebs) – saxli r. Ta-
bukaSvilisa da S. mesxias quCebis gadak-
veTaze (Tumc ukeTesi iqneboda aqac Zve-
li raRac odenobiT mainc SemoenaxaT)33.
iqve, gv. 84-85.
30
v. beriZe, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis isto-
31
ria, Tb., 2014, t. 2, gv. 134.
32
M. Inhof, T. Kunz, Deutschlands Katedralen, Petersberg,
2008, gv. 276-279.
33
amasve ver vityviT bolodroindel danaSe-
nebze – viTomcda mansardaze, saxlsac xorc-
metad rom azis da quCis xedsac vnebs.
sxvaTa Soris, sakvirveli kia, magram
`araindividualur~-“individualuris~
sxvaobisadmi friad cnobili `konser-
vacionistebi~ zogjer nakleb mgrZno-
belobas iCenen – gemaxsovrebaT C. bran-
dis ganwesebuli, mTlianobis asaRorZi-
neblad Tavad fragments dakvleulis
garda, sando wyaroebis informaciac
ariso gamosadegi. ras SeiZleba niSna-
vdes es, naxavT ser bernard fildenis,
erT xans `kulturuli memkvidreobis
SenarCunebisa da restavraciis Seswav-
lis saerTaSoriso centris~ (romi) di-
reqtoris, wignSi `istoriul SenobaTa
konservacia~, romelzedac iTqmis, es
ariso `saxelmZRvanelo... arqiteqtore-
bisaTvis, SemmowmebelTa da mSenebel-
TaTvis~ da `brandis mier dasuraTxate-
bul kritikul midgomasa da meTodo-
logiebs~ asaxavso34. aq `kargi xelobis~
nimuSad mowvdilia, mag., norviCis kaT-
edralis karibWeze daSlilis nacvlad
ornamentuli reliefis aslis damzade-
ba (zed kedelze!) 1820 wlis j. s. kotmne-
nis gravÁuris mixedviT35. rekonsrtuq-
ciasTan mimarTebis paradoqsuloba, Ta-
vis droze, mTeli sigrZe-ganiT damanaxa
1990-ian wlebSi `konservaciis filoso-
fiaze~ cnobili Áorkeli profesoris,
34
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 241.
35
B. M. Fielden, Conservation of Historic Buildings, 3rd
ed., Oxford, 2003, gv. 17, sur. 1. 22. unda iTqvas,
rom masTan arc restavracia-rekonstruq-
cia moixsenieba uaryofiTad (“restavraciis
mizani (object) obieqtis Tavdapirveli kon-
cefciis anda misi amokiTxvis SesaZleblobis
aRorZinebaa... dakarguli an Selaxuli naw-
ilebis Canacvleba mTlianobas harmoniulad
unda SeeTvisos (integrate), magram dakvirvebiT
Semowmebisas dednisgan unda sxvaobdes...~;
`istoriuli nagebobebisa da istoriuli cen-
trebis rekonstruqcia axali masalebis gam-
oyenebiT SeiZleba xanZris, miwisZvris an omis
msgavs ubedurebaTa kvalad gaxdes saWiro.
rekonstruqcias ver eqneba drois patina.
restavraciasaviT, rekonstruqcia varauds
ki ara, zedmiwevniT dokumentaciasa da mo-
nacemebs unda emyarebodes~. – iqve, gv. 9, 12).

piter bÁermanis TbilisSi wakiTxul-
ma leqciamac. TavisTavad, is vrclad
ubnobda risame ubralod gulvebulis
Semotanis dauSveblobaze, amas ki miayo-
la, sxvebTan erTad, XVII saukunis ing-
lisuri samonadireo saxlis ambavic. is
arcTu urigod yofila daculi, erTiRa
dahkargvoda ukvalod da unaxaz-unaxa-
tod – erkeri, sadac monadireebi dge-
bodnen da elodnen, rodis molalavd-
nen marekni irmebs an misTanebs. marTali
giTxraT, daskvnad velodi dananebas,
esao da asec xdeba, verafers gavxdebiT
xolmeo... nuras ukacravad! sul sxva ram
iTqva – sacodaoba iqneboda, nageboba
ase dasaxiCrebuli darCeniliyo da am-
dagvarTa misgavsebiT rekonstruireba
movaxdineTo... vinmes niSns rodi vugeb,
esRaa: am araTanmimdevrulobam kidev
erTxel magrZnobina, raoden uimedoa
rigoristuli konservacionizmi...
zemoTqmulis mere, TiTqos, ufleba gva-
qvs, Semajameblad, davaskvnaT: amomwu-
ravi codnisas, teqnologiis dacvisa
da, SesaZleblobebis farglebSi, dednis
masalisa da individualuri Semadgenle-
bis zedmiwevniT SenarCunebiTa an maTi
ganzogadebul-“upirovnoTi~ Secvlis
pirobiT, rekonstruqcia daakmayofi-
lebs avTenturobis, sul cota, zogierT
ganzomilebas, upirvelesad yovlisa,
Canafiqrisas. meti sifrTxilisTvis Se-
gviZlia zogi ram sxvac movimoqmedoT
– mag., axlad anagebs dednis da `aslis~
TariRebi davaweroT (ase ukeTebiaT,
mag., drezdenSi – II msoflio omis dros
ganadgurebul saxlebze uTiTeben, vT-
qvaT, XVIII s. da 1970-iani ww.) an sulac yve-
la axal qvas davaweroT Sesrulebis dro
– es wesi restavraciisasac misaRebia, igi
jer kidev 1846-1847 wlebSi SemoiRo aTe-
nis akropolisis erexTeionis gamagrebi-
sas kiriakos pittakisma (1789-1863)36.
36
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 95.
gansakuTrebuli fasi ase gagebul re-
konstruqciebs ansamblebis SesanarCuneblad
25
axla ki droa saqarTveloSi nawilob-
rivi rekonstruqciis problemas mivub-
rundeT. n. vaCeiSvilis klasifikaciaSi
is ar ganixileba, rogorc aseTi, es sa-
xesxvaoba ZeglTadacviTi muSaobisa mo-
metebulad Selaxuli Senobebis wreSi
moiazreba. Tavad maT igi or qvejgufad
mimoixilavs. pirvelSi moqceulia ise-
Ti Senobebi, romelnic `axlo warsulSi
daingra da arsebobs mravalricxovani
fotomasala, anazomebi da cocxali ma-
xsovrobac~ (davsZen kidev – originalu-
ri masalac) da romelTa `konservacia~,
misi mosazrebiT, mizanSewonili araa.
unda iTqvas, rom am niSniT kategoriza-
cias yvela ar miiRebda, dangrevis xno-
vanebas `Semamsubuqebel garemoebad~ ar
Caagdebda – amis samtkicad sakmarisia is
Sefaruli gaRizianeba, romliTac lapa-
rakoben `profesionalebi~ sul axlad
daSavebuli nagebobebis (mag., veneciaSi
Teatris `la fenise~ – daiwva 1991 wels
–is sazogadoebis moTxovniTaa `repli-
cirebuli~) rekonstruqciaze37. ise, sa-
xeldobr n. vaCeiSvilis moyvanili nimu-
Sebi – 1991 wlis miwisZvriT dangreuli
raWis eklesiebi – mravalZalis wm. gior-
gi da kortis kvirikewminda, – mdur-
vas, albaT, arc gamoiwvevda, radgan aq,
didwilad, anastilozi iyo Casatare-
beli. verki vityvi, yvelaferi rigze
yofiliyos – mag., kvirikewmindis proe-
aqvs. sxvaTa Soris, zog SemTxvevaSi isic saka-
maTo iqneba, ganadgurebuli Senobis zomebi
da moxazuloba gavimeoroT – arsebuli maga-
liTebi sakmaod imedismomcemi Cans. cxadia,
sxvafrivac aq `novaciebis~ asparezi mainc-
damainc didi ver iqneba (ix. mag., roTenburgi
– II msoflio omis dros ganadgurebuli gan-
aSenianebis 40%-is Sevseba masStabisa da mo-
culobis gameorebiT moxda, Tumc aRadgines
galavani da gadamwvari qalaqis saxli – Michael
Knappe, Rothenburg ob der Tauber als Inbegriff des deut-
chen Mittelalter, in: Europäische Städte in der Stauferzeit,
Schwäbisch Gmünd, 2014, gv. 91).
37
iqve, gv. 314.
26
qti aSkarad ver iyo jerovani pasuxism-
geblobiT gafiqrebul-gakeTebuli da
mas arc `Cveni Zvelebisadmi~ saTanado
pativiscema etyoboda, kidev meti, maTi
nakeTebis `Sesworebis~ gazraxvac ki...
rac mravalZals Seexeba, aq rekonstru-
qcia iqneb arc yofiliyo erTaderTi
da saukeTeso gamosavali. rogorc vi-
ciT, is orfenovania – misi dRevandeli
sakurTxeveli X-XI saukuneTa mijnis
calnaviani eklesiaa, mas ki XIX-is bolos
`Tavisufali jvris~ saxis gumbaTovani
nageboba miadges, ramac pirvelis dasa-
vleTi bolo Seiwira. miwisqveSa biZgebma
ZiriTadad XIX saukunis monaSeni CamoS-
ala, aman ki restavratorebs azri gau-
Cina, modiT mravalZals Suasaukunovani
saxe davubrunoTo. es imTaviTve saTuo
Canda, radgan pirvandeli taZris yvela
monacemi, cxadia, ver gveqneboda, Tan ki
am SeTavazebam adgilobrivi mkvidrni
aaRelva, radgan gviandels SeCveulnic
xom iyvnen, amasTan erTad ki, adreuli
nageboba farTobis simciriTac ver `mo-
emsaxureboda~ ucnobilesi salocavis
xatobaze mosuli adamianebis simrav-
les. swored, ase vTqvaT, `momxmareblis~
nebam daaCqara gadawyvetilebis miRe-
baca da taZrisTvis XIX saukunis ieris
miniWebac. egebis, aq ufro Sesaferisi
`axali mTlianobis~ Seqmna yofiliyo,
masSi X_XI saukuneTa fenis xelaxali
`SenawevrebiT~ da XIX-is RirsSesaniS-
navi reliefebis datanebiTac. albaT,
kargi iqneboda am jgufSi maSinve daRu-
puli jruWis taZaric CagverTo. kacma
rom Tqvas, aqac safuZvelSi anastilozi
iqneba, magram ngrevis maRali xarisxi,
mravalSrianoba da a.S. aq teqnikurisa
da finansiuris garda, meTodur sirTu-
leebsac warmoqmnis, Tumc, zemore gans-
jis kvalobaze, arcTu verdasaZlevs.
meore qvejgufi, nagebobebi, romelnic
`didi xnis dangreulia da... dakargu-
li gvaqvs arsebiTi da mozrdili deta-
lebi~, kidevaa daxarisxebuli – aq, mag.,
erTadaa zemodasaxelebuli akvaneba da
mcxeTis wm. jvris mcire taZari da iseTi
Zeglebi, romelnic C. brandisTan `nan-
grevebsaa~ gatolebuli (ar vici, ramde-
nadaa aq mosatani maT miTvlili saorbi-
sisa an qvemo qarTlis vanaTis naeklesi-
arebi) da axal mTlianobaSia mosaqcevi –
rac, safuZvelSi, misaRebia. CvenTvis ki
axla mTavari im rigis Senobebia, romel-
Ta mimarT n. vaCeiSvili namemkvidrevisa
da Tanamedroves `urTierTSemsWvalva-
ze~ gvesaubreba. mas hgonia, rom Tu, didi
danakargebisas, axali masaliT momcro
nagebobisTvis Zveli saxis dabruneba
Caklavs Tavdapirvel-faseuls, gamor-
Ceulad didi masStabis nawilebdakle-
bul nagebobebSi amasve ZaluZs `gamoxa-
tuli saxovaneba~ mogvitanos. oRond es
ar Svelis ukvalod gamqralis `dabru-
nebas~ da aq `Roned uRonobisa~ axali
masalebis da konstruqciebis moxmoba,
Zvel-axlis urTierTSewona – e.i., sxvag-
varad Tu vityviT, SesaZleblobis farg-
lebSi rekonstruqcia – xdeba, xolo
sadac es aRar gamodis, `dasruleba~,
`axali mTlianobiTobis~ Seqna Semodis.
zemore gansjis kvaldakval n. vaCeiSvi-
lis nafiqri ase gardaiTxroba: martivi
aRnagobisas Canafiqris avTenturoba
bevrs verafers gvSvelis, is ver `ereva~
axlandelis moZalebas; uCveulo, didi
gaqanebis sivrciT-moculobiTi konce-
fciis – rogorc aseTis! – avTenturad,
Tundac mniSvnelovanwilad sul sxva ni-
vTieri masaliT `aRwarmoebisas~ Tavis-
Tavad Canafiqris `gacocxlebac~ ukve
Rirebuli ramaa. xolo sadac misi cxad-
liv, metic, ueWvelobiT, ganWvreta ar
xerxdeba, mas dRevandeli Semoqmedeba
unda SevawioT, iseTi `axali mTliano-
biToba~ gavaCinoT, romelSic `Zveli~
isev wamyvani, `pirveli xmis~ mTqmeli
iqneba. saamiso magaliTad, – da es arcaa
sakvirveli, – quTaisis RmrTismSoblis

miZinebis saxelobis, e.w. `bagratis ta-
Zari~ saxeldeba, romelzedac mcireo-
deni aqac unda iTqvas. 2012-2013 wlebSi
ramdenjerme momiwia aRmeniSna, avikrZa-
le-meTqi, imaze fiqri, momwons misi aw
ukve arsebuli saxe Tu ar momwons – rad-
gan es iseve arafers cvlis, rogorc is,
momwons Tu ara, Tugind, rostom mefis
mier XVII saukuneSi anagebi mcxeTis `sve-
ticxovlis~ taZris gumbaTi. sakiTxavi
erTaderTia – sworia Tu mcdari Tavad
gadawyvetis gezi, sxva yvelaferi ki ki-
dev mravali weli, safiqrebelia, yovel-
Tvisac sadao da sadavidarabo iqneba.
quTaisis kaTedralis ukanasknel re-
konstruqciaze mravalwliani, gansa-
kuTrebuli simwvaviT zemoxsenebul
wlebSi warmoebuli kamaTi, samwuxarod,
imdenad gaxldaT politikuri vnebaTa-
RelviT gazavebuli, rom, egeb da, aTi ka-
cic ki ar yofila marTlac xuroTmoZR-
vrebis TavsatexiT Sefiqrianebuli. am
gulwrfelma `monaRvleebma~ ki ver Se-
vZeliT iseTi sabuTianobis momarjveba,
sazogadoeba ki ara, erTmaneTi rom da-
gverwmunebina. mTeli am sjisa Tu miTq-
ma-moTqmis araakademiurobis erTi maC-
venebelTagani isicaa, rom mis msvlelo-
baSi erTsulovnad mowonebulad ixse-
niebdnen prof. vax. cincaZis da misi mo-
wafeebis da maTi gamZRolis, saamdrood
ukve gardacvlili vano gremelaSvilis
naRvaws. arada, wlebis ganmavlobaSi say-
veduri ufro meti gaismoda, vidre Se-
qeba da me TviTonac wamcdenia samdura-
vi. edavebodnen ki b-n vaxtangs, mere da
mere ki mis mowafeebsac zustad imasve,
rasac bolo proeqts – metismet Careva-
sa da avTenturobis dacotavebas. sru-
liad obieqturad 1940-1980-iani wlebis
samuSaoebis da Semdgom taZris dasru-
lebis Sedegad38, nivTierad axali Tval-
am, Semdgom safexurs v. cincaZe aRar mosw-
38
rebia, magram sruli rekonstruqciis mis mie-
ri naxazi da taZris bolomde aSenebis ideis
27
saCinod metobs Zvels, rac – Tu mxedve-
lobaSi XI saukunis xelobis aRmatebu-
lebasac miviRebT! – mravalT daukmayo-
fileblobis, metic, ukmayofilebis Se-
grZnebas uRvivebs. meore mxriv, XIX sau-
kunis bolosa Tu XX-is pirveli naxevris
fotosuraTebs guldasmiT Tu davaTva-
lierebT, naTeli gaxdeba, rom nageboba-
ze, sadac zeda-nawil-Camongreul Zvel
kedlebze Tavdapirveli wyoba `laqe-
bad~ Sua welze SerCeniliyo, arsebuli
budeebis amovseba da simaRlis wamateba,
arsebiTad, sakonservacio RonisZieba
gaxldaT, vinaidan uamisod aq yvelafe-
ri usaTuod CamoiSleboda. am gamagre-
bis Semdeg ki gamogvivida `xelovnuri
nangrevi~, romlis dazianeba, Tanac, ar
Sewyvetila da isic ra saciloa, yoveli
momdevno `SekeTeba~ avTenturis kidev
da kidev moklebas gamoiwvevda. vgoneb,
yvelas esmoda, rom adre Tu gvian unda
damdgariyo `bagratis taZris~ gadaxur-
vis sakiTxi da samsjelo isRa iqneboda,
ragvarad. amasobaSi dagrovda didZali,
SeiZleba iTqvas, qarTul sinamdvileSi
umagaliTod bevri nakvlevi da, bolos,
moiZebna myari monacemebic (fragmente-
bi) gumbaT-gumbaTis yelis pirvandeli
saxis aRsadgenad, ramac, bagrat III-is ga-
latozTa gamoyenebuli sigrZis erTeu-
lis dadgenasTan erTad, TiTqmis gamo-
ricxa raime mZime cdomileba. upasuxod
rCeboda – da darCeba kidec JamTa aR-
sasrulamde! – martooden taZris dasa-
vleT mklavTan dakavSirebuli kiTxve-
bi, rogoricaa grZivi kedlebis Sida da
gare gawyoba, patronikenis gegmareba,
maTi aRmosavleTi kedlis RiobebiT
danawevreba, TaRTa moxazuloba da a.S.
miuxedavad amisa, mainc Sedga taZris
mxardaWera misi qvrivis, Tavadac cnobili
arqiteqturis istorikosisa da ZeglTadam-
cvelis, q-ni rusudan mefisaSvilis mxridan
mafiqrebinebs, – es adrec damiweria, – rom
aseTi gadawyvetileba b-ni vaxtangis nebis sa-
winaaRmdego ar unda yofiliyo.
28
sruli rekonstruqciis proeqti, sa-
bolood ki uciloblad gamorkveulis
(sami mklavi da gumbaTi) rekonstrui-
reba (saboloo versia v. gremelaSvilis
jgufisa) gadawyda, xolo dasavleTi
mklavis pirobiTi formebiTa da axlan-
deli masaliT ageba (arqit. andrea bru-
no). unda CaiTvalos Tu ara mcdarad
aseTi koncefcia? rekonstruirebuli
nawili uTuobiT gviyenebs Tvalwin X-XI
saukuneTa gasayaris xuroTmoZRvris
sivrciTsa Tu moculobiT Canafiqrs,
mis mier moazrebul fasadTa damuSave-
bas da a.S.; Senaxulia yovelive Zveli da
Rirebuli (ara mgonia, raime wona hqon-
des aRSfoTebas bazisebSi Rrmulebis
CaburRvis, kedlebSi axali konstruq-
ciebis Camagrebis da a.S. Taobaze – Tu
aris, netav, qveynad aRdgenili nageboba,
sadac fizikur `sxeuls~ sazogadod ar
Sexebian? an iqneb – CvenSi aris?); araa
wabaZuli raime individualurad-ver-
ganmeorebadi; mxoldRa – savaraudo
monakveTebi ara-mibaZvelobiTad, Tana-
medrove, Tumc arcTu Zalian `Semtevi~
arqiteqturiTaa motanili. zemoTac mo-
gaxseneT, vis ra mouva aq TvalSi, vis ra,
an, piriqiT, vin ris gamo aimrizeba – es
sul sxva ramaa, iseve rogorc calkeuli
detalis (mag., gumbaTis konusis feri)
av-kargi. meCveneba, rom is vargisia, ro-
gorc erTgvari modeli, romelsac Se-
gviZlia raRacwilad sxva saproeqto
winadadebebi `mivazomoT~ kidec. amaze
axlave mogaxsenebT, manamde ki imasac vi-
tyvi, rom gamoxatul meTodur xarvezad
aq gumbaT-kamarebis `aramocilebadoba~
Tu dasaxeldeba da esec – sabednierod
Tu savalalod! – damgegmav jgufs ver
dabraldeba. sul piriqiT, proeqti iT-
valiswinebda msubuq, survilisamebr
daSlad (ara `droebiT~, rogorc maSin-
ve iTqva da ramac ideisadmi undobloba
gaaCina) liTonis konstruqcias, xelo-
vnuri msubuqiTve qviT Semosils. mosa-
lodnelia, ganxorcielebisas am mona-
gonis dazusteba-gaumjobeseba momxda-
riyo – mag., gamoiZebneboda saSualeba
am `ConCxze~ gadarCenili qvebis mima-
grebisa, gaizrdeboda misi mdgradoba
da seismomedegoba da a.S. magram saqme
aqamde arc misula – ramdenime adamianis
uwadinobiT da CareviT, proeqtantebs
mouxdaT gadaemuSavebinaT proeqtis
konstruqciuli nawili da is kir-du-
Rabisa da qvisTvis gadaeangariSebinaT
– aman gamoiwvia didZali betonis Casxma
(rac, marTalia, ise `gamanadgurebeli~
ar aris, rogorc mavanni ityodnen, rad-
gan kedlebs zolovnad gasdevs, sasur-
velad ki verasgziT CaiTvleba) kedle-
bis xisti armireba da a.S. rac Seexeba a.
brunos, mis aSenebul monakveTs am kuT-
xiT araferi daewuneba – Tu taZarma is
ar `igua~, quTaTurebma Tu saerTod
qarTvelobam ar Seiwynares, is moixsneba
– imedia, maSinRa, rodesac xelT ukeTe-
si ram gveWireba39.
n. vaCeiSvili aqve awyuris RmrTismSob-
lis kaTedralsa da kumurdos macxo-
vris saepiskoposo taZarsac axsenebs.
isini diaxac amav rigisaa, ramdenadme
msxvaobari ki. awyuris kaTedrali `ba-
gratis taZars~ imiT ara hgavs, rom misi
gamarTuli – ara-hipoTeturi! – re-
konstruqcia qaRaldzec ki SeuZlebe-
lia – mTeli zeda nawili aq verasdros
dasabuTdeba. ase rom, es Tumc zoma-mo-
culobiT didroni, mainc `nangrevia~ C.
brandis azriT, Sesabamisad ki, aq mxo-
lodRa `gasruleba~, axali mTelis Seqm-
na Tu xelgvewifeba. am mizeziT is, rac
axla keTdeba awyurSi rekonstruqciad
(miRebuli sazrisiT), vfiqrob, ver CaiT-
vleba – es Zveli naSTis momcveli axali
39
`bagratis taZris~ rekonstruqciis mowi-
naaRmdegeTa argumentacia Tavmoyrilad
ix.: i. elizbaraSvili, m. suramelaSvili, c.
CaCxunaSvili, x. WurRulia, arqiteqturis
restavracia saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2012, gv. 82-84.

nagebobaa da mas imaze SeiZleba vedavoT,
rom is – gaixseneT C. brandis gansazRv-
reba! – araa sakmarisad gamokveTilad
`axleburi~, metismetad `Zvel-taZro-
bas~ asaxierebs. kidev ufro rTulia
kumurdos taZris viTareba. awyurisgan
gansxvavebiT da quTaisis kaTedralis
msgavsad, arsebuli fragmenti aq, Ziri-
Tadad, Segvagonebs odindel `mTliano-
biTobas~, gamomsasxvelobasa da mxatv-
rul Rirsebasac inarCunebs. sworedac
maTi gasigrZeganeba gvimxels, savsebiT
SeuZlebeli romaa Teoriulad (analo-
giebi da a.S.) Cvenda savalalod dakar-
guli nawilebis – patronikenis (uwina-
resad aqac – misi aRmosavleTi kedlis)
da, metadre, gumbaT-gumbaTis yelis
met-naklebi dazustebiT warmosaxva.
ucnauri saxelis patronma xuroTmoZR-
varma sakocarma yvelaferi rac gaake-
Ta – uCveuloa, gamonaklisi – gegmare-
ba-agebulebac, fasadebis kompoziciac,
morTulobac (marto sakurTxevlis
sarkmlis moCarCoeba rada Rirs! aris ki
kidev – Tavebi safasado niSebis konqeb-
Si, reliefebi karibWisa da sakurTxev-
liswina kuTxeebis dekoratiul trom-
pebze, bowkintebi gumbaTqveSa TaRebis
ZirSi...), CuqurTmovani saxeebi. rogor-
Ra ginda Tundac ivaraudo, rogori iq-
neboda mismieri gumbaTi, romlis Sesa-
xeb isRa viciT, TaRnari amkobdao? ki ma-
gram, momigeben, xom ambobT, kumurdo X
saukunis xuroTmoZRvrebisTvis tipuri
ariso? dastur aris da kidev amitomac
vera paraleli gviSvelis – radganac
sxva drois nagebobaTagan, Tundac `Ta-
maris xanis~ gumbaTiani eklesiebisgan
gansxvavebiT, sadac miaxloebiT Tanag-
var proporciebsa da Semkulobis pir-
dapir ganmeorebad sqemaze SeiZleba vi-
laparakoT X saukuneSi sazogadod ver
naxavT or erTnair gadawyvetas. yvela
taZars gumbaTis yelis simaRle-siganis
sxvadasxva Tanafardoba aqvs, yvelgan
29
– metobiT Tu naklebobiT sxvadasxva-
nairi morTulobaa. marTalia, gamaer-
Tianeblad Cans mzardi zeaziduloba da
gareTa (zogjer Sidac) TaRnari, magram
simaRlis matebas wrfivs ver davarqme-
vT (gavixsenoT siganeSi gasuli doli-
syanis gumbaTi); araa erTnairi TaRebis
raodenoba, moxazuloba, sarkmlebis
raodenoba da moyvaniloba, mokazmulo-
ba, xan sad da xan sad Cndeba reliefebi
(mag., isev dolisyanaSi – erT waxnagze,
javaxeTis wyarosTavSi ki – TaRTaSori-
sebSi) da a.S. davumatoT amas isic, rom
`bagratis taZrisgan~ gansxvavebiT, aq
TiTqmis ar Catarebula kvleva – pir-
vel yovlisa, arqeologiuri. am piro-
bebSi raimegvari proeqtis Sedgena da
sabWos gansaxilvelad gamotana yovlad
araseriozulia – is xom, saboloo jam-
Si, akad. nik. severovis grafikul re-
konstruqcias emyareba, es ukanaskneli
ki saalbaTo gaxldaT da ara dabejiTe-
biTi. kvlavac aris imedi, rom taZris da
misi ezos gaTxra-gawmenda iseT da iseTi
raodenobis fragments gamoamzeurebs,
rom Cven SegveZleba kumurdos aRarar-
sebul Semadgenlebze raRac mainc vT-
qvaT daWeSmaritebiT. Tu ase moxda, Se-
saZlebeli Seiqneba rekonstruqciaze
kvlav sityvis Camogdeba. jerxanobiT
ki erTaderT gzad aq axali Semoqmede-
bis amoqmedebaa – gnebavT `dasrule-
ba~ daarqviT amas, gnebavT `urTierT-
ganmsWvalva~, gnebavT kidev raRac sxva;
Sesaqmnelia iseTi formebi, romelnic
araa aucilebeli gamomwvevad `moder-
nuli~, mina-liTonis Tu raRac amgvari
iyos, irine elizbaraSvilis marTebu-
li moTxovniT, imas ki unda `ambobdes~
umeSveod – X saukunisa ar varo.
`dasruleba~ _ `urTierTSemsWvalvis~
nairsaxeobaa, Cemi TvalTaxedviT, img-
var mdgomareobaSi myofi nagebobani,
ranairsac n. vaCeiSvili eZaxis `naklul
30
sxeuls danakargis nakvaleviT~, romel-
Ta warmomadgenlad akaurTis cnobi-
li eklesia eguleba. aris ram sevdiani
am marTlacda `naSTSi~, sadac bazili-
ka calnavian sivrced qceula, iatakze
uformo kvalebad damCneuli burjebiT;
sadac Sverili afsidi da gverdiTi na-
vebis kedlebis aRmosavleTi naxevrebi,
siZvelis kvalobaze, SeiZleba iTqvas,
kargadaa SemorCenili, dasavleTi ki XIX
saukunis bolo aTwleulebis ganaxle-
baa; sadac navTgamyofi TaRebis wamowye-
bebiT TaRis zoma ki dgindeba, magram arc
gverdiTi da arc Sua navis simaRle, arc
burjTa moyvaniloba... verafers ityvi,
diaxac `nakluli sxeulia~ da diaxac
`danakargis nakvaleviT~. n. vaCeiSvili,
Cans, dadebiTad afasebs 2007 wels aq Ca-
tarebul samuSaoebs (arqit. nino noza-
Ze). meTodi, ase vfiqrob, sworad unda
CaiTvalos – xis pirobiTi gadaxurva,
romlis qanobiRa – ara XIX saukuneSi ga-
dakeTebuliviT daxrili, aramed ufro
zomieri, – aRZravs asociacias adreuli
saukuneebis formaTmetyvelebasTan da
yvela moRweuli danaSrevis SenarCuneba
araTu saukeTeso, albaT, erTaderTic
kia, rac aq dRevandelobas xelewifeba.
amasTan, saburvelis ferdebis kuTxis
Sesacvlelad zeddebuli aguris wyoba
cotaTi zedmetad `mekontrasteba~, ase
vityodi, `me-saxeldaxeloeba~; amas gar-
da, veTanxmebi Cveni kolegebis azrs, rom
burjebis Zirebis damfaravi xis iatakis
dagebisas swored dakargulis `nakvale-
vi~ miiCqmala40. esec kia saTqmeli – es aR-
40
i. elizbaraSvili da sxv., dasax. naSr., gv.
46. sxvaTa Soris, iqve, miniSnebiT, sinanuli
gamoiTqmis, rom ar ganxorcielebula ru-
sudan gverdwiTelis mier 1980-iani wlebis
miwuruls damuSavebuli sruli aRdgenis
proeqti, radgano `CaiTvala, rom eklesiis
Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdgenisTvis saTanado
masala arsebobda~. naTqvami ise JRers, TiT-
qos viRacam (samecniero-meTodurma sabWom,
xelmZRvanelobam...) dauSala q-n rusudans
mdgenelis ufiqreblobas ar unda davab-
raloT – q-n nino nozaZem araerTi ram
mosinja, mxolod TavisTvisve damarwmu-
nebeli vera gamonaxa ra da es calsaxad
damcavi safari amjobina, neitraluri-
ca da SedarebiT iolad mosaSorebelic
– vfiqrob, is gulisxmobs kidec Zveli
kvalis momavalSi Cvenebis gzaTa Ziebas
da dawyebulis ase dabolovebas...
“dasrulebas~, Cemi azriT, kidev erTi
gamovlenac aqvs. winamdebare narkvevis
dasawyisSi iTqva, ramdens rasme visakli-
sebT `martivi samuSaoebisas~, imitomRa,
naklebarsebiTi Tu, esec SeiZleba, uime-
do rom gvgonia. meore mxriv, viTom ara-
fers vaklebT amiT `Canafiqris avTen-
turobas~? bolo dros me meCveneba, rom
ki – da Zalianac. amas ki erTic emateba
– `avTenturis~ Cvens warmodgenebSi Cve-
niv TvalisTvis CveulTan gaigiveba. amis
erT-erT maCveneblad SeiZleba movita-
noT germaneli poetis, ernst barlÁaxis
axloblis, Teodor dÁoibleris (1876-
1934) sityvebi, XIX saukunis restavra-
torTa Secdomebis CamoTvlisas dac-
denili: `mTvarul-vercxlisebri Sina-
ganoba wminda gereonisa aRar arsebobs,
maria in kapitolSi Sesvla saRamosRa Tu
SeiZleba... materializmis Savma muSebma
Zala ixmares Cveni mistikis qvis gamocxa-
debebze~41. mgosani, rasakvirvelia, inte-
rierebis `istoristul~ moxatvas gu-
lisxmobs, SesaZlebelia, arc ise `zus-
tad~ goTurs Tu romanuls da arc ise
mosaxdens, rogorc SemqmnelT egonaT.
ganafiqris bolomde miyvana – sinamdvileSi,
kolegebTan azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis Semdeg
man TviTon ar isurva proeqtis gansaxilve-
lad gatana – ase warmomidgenia, es sakuTa-
rive sarestavracio principebis darRvevad
CaTvala da ase kidev erTxel daadastura Ta-
visi iSviaTi `maRlamxedoba~.
41
Th. Däubler, Der neue Standtpunkt. Zur Kunst des Expres-
sionismus, Leipzig-Weimar, 1980 [pirveli gamocema
– 1916 w.], gv. 9.

ar vici, gaaxarebda Tu ara mas, rom II mso-
flio omis ngrevam mTeli es monamatebi
gaaqro, me ki sxvas rasme vkiTxulob – ki
iyo namdvilad medievaluri, marTlac
germanuli mistikis aRmonaceni qvis gau-
lesav-dauferavi zedapirebi, kÁolnis
Tu romlis gnebavT evropuli qalaqis
eklesiaTa sinacrisfre Tu siSiSvle?
Tqmac xom ar unda, rom ara – gareTac da
SigniTac isini (ZvelberZnuli taZrebisa
ar iyos) alag SeRebilic yofila da moo-
qrulic da T. dÁoiblers religiuri –
miT ufro Suasaukuneebriv-religiuri!
– gulmxurvaleba ki ara, modernistu-
li esTetizmi alaparakebs, sinacrisf-
res (betoni!) friad midrekili... vSiSob,
arc ise iSviaTad Cvenc raRac amdagvari
gvemarTeba. zemoT sasxvaTaSorisod va-
xsene, geguTis sasaxlis Sida gamarTu-
lobaze ara viciT ra-meTqi. mibrZaneT
axla, saerTodac rogori iyo SigniT
Cveneburi `sra-palatni~? mobdRvnil,
sipebiT uswormasworod nawyob kedleb-
Si cxovrobdnen qarTveli didebulni
– rogorc amas bolo wlebis qarTuli
saistorio filmebi gvarwmunebs! – Tu
isini mobaTqaSebuli mainc hqondaT? da
es gana marto saero, sacxovrebel nage-
bobebs eTqmis? cotaa CvenSi eklesiebi,
romelTa Sina-Tu garekerZo uTlel qva-
Ta arc maincdamainc mzerismimtacebel
sibrtyeebs gvagebebs? romeliRaca maT-
gani Tavidanve aseTi iqneboda, magram
yvela ki iyo? Cven xom viciT aseTi wesic,
qvebsSorisi RreCoebis amogozvisa maTi
`Sublebis~ sufTad datovebiT, erTia-
ni, naZerwi masebis suraTs rom warmoqm-
nis (marto vaCnaZianis yvelawminda rada
Rirs – Tugind misi marto aRmosavleTi
fasadi!). isic vuwyiT, rom es amolesva
SeiZleba droTa msvlelobaSi amocvi-
vdes – amis sabuTs iZleva, mag., Zveli
gavazis RmrTismSoblis eklesia, sadac
is aRmosavleT afsidzeRa, isic mis erT
adgilze SemorCa. mWidrod `naqsovad~
31
gamomzirali es monakveTi imasac umwva-
vesad gvagrZnobinebs, ramdeni dakarga
amomavsebi baTqaSis amofSvna-amocveniT
eklesiis darCenilma nawilma. ra viciT
mere, ramdeni sxva eklesiaa aseve gausa-
xurebeli – da ara marto fasadebi, inte-
rierebic? gjeraT, mag., Tlili SirimiT
momaperangebelma wirqolis RmrTism-
Soblis mSenebelma dastur grZivi ked-
lebis Suaguls TaRovani SeRrmavebebi
alalbedze nawyobi qvebiT amoaSena? ra-
tom ar vifiqroT, rom maT Selesavdnen
da, safiqrebelia, moxatavdnen kidec?
anda – ramdenjer gvsmenia, axlad amo-
qmedebul eklesiebSi barZimSi zemodan
kenWebi da nafxveni cvivao? aq saerTo-
dac araa sacilo – es nalesobaamocve-
nili nakerebis gamo xdeba. Sesatyvisad
amisa, rogorc etyoba, yvela calkeul
nagebobaze kvlevaa Casatarebeli imis
gasarkvevad, xom ar aris CvenTvis Cveu-
li, alag ulazaTo wyoba dazianebis Se-
degi da mosaZebnia kvalic dakarguli
baTqaSis ragvarobis sanaxavad. rogorc
Cans, amas varaudoben is restavratore-
bi, romelnic bolo aTi welia xan romel
da xanac romel eklesias xsnaris sqel
zolebs aTxipnian, rac, Tqmac ar unda,
aseTive ujerobaa da iseTive, vityodi,
`ciliswameba~ avTentur mdgomareo-
basTan mimarTebiT, rogorc nalesoba-
gamoclili wyoba. Tuki kedlebs mainc
vexebiT, vcadoT maSin Cveni namuSevari
maTi Semqmnelebisas miemsgavsos da ara
pontoeli berZnebis XIX saukunis so-
flis saxlebs, rac miT ufro misasal-
mebeli iqneba, rom nakerebis xsnariT
`gasworeba~ individualobis gamomaCe-
nad Zvirad Tu CaiTvleba; dRes metad
gaWirdeba ostatebisa ki ara, erTi os-
tatis monaxvac, vinc qafCis qvebis ki-
deebisTvis Semoyolas guls daudebdes,
cdas ki win araferi udgas.
es miTumetes, rom dagrovda garkveuli
gamocdileba qvebis damuSavebisa da ked-
32
lis mxatvrobaSic gakeTebula ram mona-
Tesave. mxedvelobaSi kafe `qimerionis~
moxatulobis gaxsna-gamagrebisas 15-od
wlis winaT gamoyenebuli xerxi maqvs
– Tu, ase vTqvaT, `saavtoro~ kompozi-
ciebi (ser. sudeÁkinis, dav. kakabaZis,
lado gudiaSvilis...) isea datovebuli,
rogorc 1930-iani da mermindeli danaS-
revebis moxsnisas daxvdaT, gadarCenili
fragmentebis midevnebiT aRdgenil iqna
gadamxuravi kamarebis mamkobi trafare-
tuli ornamenti. imxanad es midgoma sa-
kamaTo Canda, gaamarTla ki – axla ferad
`moCarCoebaSi~ laqebad mimofantuli,
sxvadasxva Senaxulobis gamosaxulebani
raRac sistemis fragmentebad Seicnoba,
umisod ki isini uwesrigad gabneul nag-
lejebad warmogvidgeboda. am wesiT arc
zogierTi Suasaukunovani interieris
mogvarebaa gamoricxuli, imaTi, saxel-
dobr, sadac martivad gavlebuli xaze-
biTRa iqmneboda anikonuri, Sida wyobis
gamamaxvilebeli ferwera (ix., mag., beni-
sis IX s-is eklesia), aseTi ram sxvagana-
caa nacadi – 1960-ian wlebSi ase aRudge-
niaT ratcenburgis XII-XIV saukuneebis
kaTedralis feradovneba42. TavisTavad
cxadia, Tu amolesvisas, Tu arasaxviTi
naxatis Sevsebisas odnav Sesacvlelia
(asea `qimerionSic~!) tonaloba, e.i. Se-
sarCevia Tanagvari masala, feradebi ki
pirvandels Sewyobilica da msxvaoba-
ric unda inaxos. ufro safrTxilo da
asawon-dasawoni kia, xolo Rirs dafiq-
rebad – iqneb garejis monasterTa XVII-
XVIII saukuneTa mkul senak-sadgomebsac
miexedos; iqneb maTi – ukeTu azomil-Ca-
xatul-fotografirebuli, – naZerwi
ornamentikac Seivsos – Tu sxvanairad
ar egeba, odnavi gamartivebiTac.
aqamde rac iTqva, kacma rom Tqvas, res-
tavraciis farglebSi Tavsdeba, SegviZ-
lia ki momdevno nabijic gadavdgaT da
42
M. Imhof, T. Kunz, dasax. naSr., gv. 334.
ukve `gasrulebas~ mivadgebiT. zemoT
mciredi gauCinarebul alaTebsa da Se-
minvazec iTqva; imazec dRevandelebi
raRacwil Tavdapirvel gare saxesac
asxvaferebs da Sidasaco. Tu asea, `Ca-
nafiqris avTenturobasac~ met-nakle-
bi ziani adgeba. bizantiaSi, nametur ki
dasavleTis goTur eklesiebSi, sadac
feradi Suqis wyarod Seqmnili, axla ki
uferominiani RiobebiT axdili farTo-
bi Cveni nagebobebisas ganuzomlad aRe-
mateba, es kidev ufro sagrZnobicaa da,
garkveuli TvalsazisiT, gamanadgure-
belic. magram yincvisis taZrisa ar iyos,
ra viciT, rom ama Tu im interierisTvis
(garedan, metadre viwro sasinaTlo xv-
relobebisas, danaklisi imdenad Tval-
Sisacemi ver iqneba) `TeTri~ SuadRis
Suqi Zalianac damakninebeli araa? ukve
utyuarobiT viciT, raoden damamaxin-
jebelia Suasaukunovani sivrceebisTvis
XIX Tu XX-XXI saukuneebis carcgareuli
molesva, sxivebs Tanabrad rom ireklavs
da Suq-Crdils Tanabar sinacrisfred
gadaaqcevs – amaSi dasarwmuneblad sak-
marisia qvaTaxevis eklesiasa an zedaznis
bazilikaSi SeabijoT. amaTgan pirveli
mosaxatad iyo gaTvlili da baTqaSi usa-
xur areul wyobas malavs, ugamonakli-
sos XI saukunis mermindel taZrebSi;
meore, savaraudod, piriqiT, erTianad
mainc, ar unda SeebaTqaSebinaT da amis ga-
moa, dRevandeli mdgomareoba mTlianad
rom arRvevs amSenebelTagan ganzraxul
sivrciT suraTs. dasavleTSi adrec md-
gara da axlac dgas vitraJebis amolew-
viTa da moxatulobaTa dakargviT mota-
nili zaralis raimenairad anazRaurebis
sakiTxi. XIX saukuneSi amas, rogorc vi-
ciT, `istoristuli~, `stiluri~ resta-
vraciiT, viTom-Zveldroindelis Semo-
taniT cdilobdnen, ris gamoc, mag., sa-
xelganTqmulma uilÁam morrisma, Turme
uari Tqva Zveli SenobebisTvis vitra-
Jebis damzadebaze – yalbismqneloba ar

msurso43. mere da mere sul ufro xSiria
gamoxatulad Tanamedrove yaidis (maT
Soris usagno) xelovnebis moxmoba da
mis cnobil warmomadgenelTa mowvevac
– yvelaze gaxmaurebulTagani, albaT,
mark Sagalis mier raimsis kaTedralis,
odesRac safrangeTis mefeTa kurTxe-
vis adgilisa, axla ki `msoflio memk-
vidreobis nusxis~ Zeglis Semamkoblad
Sesrulebuli vitraJebia da parizis
`didi operis~ warmodgenaTa darbazis
Weris misive moxatuloba. gamotexilad
vityvi, raimsis taZris samRvdelo kre-
bulis adgilze sxva rjulis xelovans
ar davuZaxebdi; arc parizuli Teatris
neobarokos Svenis, ase mgonia, m. Saga-
lis moneoprimitivisto-moeqspresio-
nisto (Tu – mosÁurealisto?) ferwera
– barokosTan mas saerTo Rrublebs Se-
curebuli adamianebi Tu aqvs. magram es
rodi niSnavs, Tavad es gza ariso mcdari
da friad warmatebuli nimuSebis moyva-
nac arc ise saZneloa. saukeTesoTagani,
Cemi azriT, XX saukunis ucnobilesi po-
loneli moqandake qsaveri dunikovskis
namuSevaria – 1926-1927 wlebSi man Seas-
rula e.w. `vavelis Tavebi~; isini krakovs
poloneTis mefeTa sasaxlis erT-erTi
darbazis Weris samkauls Seemata, sadac
kesonebSi XVI saukunis skulpturaTa
nawili dakarguliyo; kidev ufro sa-
xelganTqmulia lÁubekis wm. ekaterines
gviangoTuri eklesiis dasavleTi fasa-
dis carielad darCenil niSebSi Cadg-
muli e. barlÁaxisa da gerhard marksis
qandakebaTa wyeba. samTav am xelovanis
nawarmoebebi sruliad aramimbaZvelo-
biTia, saukuneebiswinandeli xuroTmo-
ZRvarTa monaazris xorcSesxmas ki em-
saxureba. esec, Cemi warmodgeniT, `ga-
sruleba~-`urTierTSemsWvalvis~ kidev
erTi saxeobaa, oRond Tu adre moyvanil
magaliTebSi axali Semoqmedeba warsu-
43
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 185.
33
lis ostatTa Canafiqris, Tu ase SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, `TeTr laqebs~ avsebs, aq is
cnobili ganWvretadi, Tumc nakluli
Tu daubolovebeli mTelis (brandi
gaixseneT!) axleburad Sevseba-gasrule-
bas niSnavs44. SeiZleba es visme imav `sti-
luri restavraciis~ principad CaeT-
vala, romelsac eJen viole-le-dÁuki
ayalibebs, restavracia ariso Senobis
`aRdgena im srulyofili mdgomareobis
saxiT, romelic SesaZloa arc rodis ar-
44
zemomoyvanili mosazrebebi Zalian hgavs
erTi saukunis win saxelganTqmuli maqs dvor-
Jakis mier Zveli eklesiebis axlad gamSvenebis
Taobaze naTqvams: `sadac ki miiCneven, uars
ver vityviTo kedlebisa da sarkmlebis axal
ferwerul samkaulze, sul cota imaze unda
izrunon, eskizebi iseT xelovanT daukveTon,
vinc Sablonebis mixedviT ki ar muSaobs, ara-
med im zomazea gamgebi da niWieri, rom damou-
kidebeli mxatvruli Rirebulebis mqone, Tan
ki Senobis saerTo monumentur zemoqmedebasa
da mis Zvel gamonakvTulobas SeTanxmiere-
buli nawarmoebis Seqmna ZaluZs~ (Katechismus
der Denkmalpflege, Wien, 1918, gv. 48-49; momyavs
gamocemidan – M. Dvořák, Schriften zur Denkmalp-
flege. Gesammelt und kommentirt von Sandro Scarrocchia,
Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2012, gv. 578-579; es Cinebuli
gamocema g. CubinaSvilis sax. erovnul cen-
trs q-ma nato gengiurma usaxsovra). amasTan,
aSkaraa, rom am SesaniSnavi mkvlevarisTvis es
saukeTeso ki ara, mxolodRa mosaTmeni gamo-
savalia. Tanadrouli xelovneba, misi azriT,
araTu marto mxatvrulad raime Rirebulebas
moklebulia, aramed `...gageba da SegrZneba
sivrcis monumenturi zemoqmedebisa da monu-
menturi mxatvrobis Tanamoqmedebisa sazoga-
dodac... dakargulia, ase rom, rogorc wesi,
mWaxeferebiani uxvi ornamentuli Tu figu-
ratiuli moxatuloba Tu vitraJebi Zveli na-
gebobebis Sida zemoqmedebas ki ar aZlierebs,
rogorc odesRac xdeboda, aramed arRvevs
da anadgurebs~; aqedan – zemoT Cems mier naT-
qvamis sapirispiro da CemTvis arcTu misaRe-
bi daskvnac: `amitomac Zvel eklesiebSi erTi
an mravali gancalkevebuli toniT ubralo
daferva da sarkmlebSi Casmuli TeTri mina
TiTqmis mudam ufro sasikeTod da Rirseu-
lad gamoiyureba, vidre uxvi figuratiuli
Tu ornamentuli moxatuloba anda axali vi-
traJebi~ (iqve, gv. 48 - 578).
34
sebula~-o45, oRond: Tu iq Sematebuli
`ganasaxierebs~ istoriuls, Zvels, axla
is xmas uwyobs mas, ara nivTieri mxatvru-
li mTelis moCvenebiTi fizikuri Seub-
Ralavobis, aramed mxatvruli STabeW-
dilebis sisrulis misaRwevad.
ra daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoitanon aqedan
siZveleTa dacvis Cvenma mesveurebma Tu
eklesia-monastrebis RvTismsaxureb-
ma da keTilismyofelebma? aTwleule-
bi gaivlis, albaT, vidre SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba gauqmeba saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis dad-
genilebisa istoriuli maRalmxatvru-
li taZrebis moxatvis akrZalvis Taoba-
ze – axla aSkarad aravin gvyavs, vis
Taobazec sazogadoebis Tundac raRac
nawili SeTanxmdeba, imav qvaTaxevisTvis
an, davuSvaT, Tbilisis metexTa Rmr-
TismSoblis taZrisTvis misi mxatvroba
45
zemoT gakvriT iTqva, rom `stiluri restav-
racia~, garda wabaZvisa, yvelafris mocilebas
gulisxmobs, rac droTa ganmavlobaSi miemata
odindel – rogorc davinaxeT, iqneb sulac ar
arsebul! – `stilurad erTiansa~ Tu `stilu-
rad wminda~ nagebobas. es niSnavda, upiratesad,
goTuri SenobebisTvis renesansuli da, ki-
dev metad, barokuli danamatebis moSorebas,
ufro xSirad ki – ganadgurebas. aman rom bevri
cneba moitana, sadao ar aris, erTicaa: mog-
viano moZerwva-moxatuloba zogjer imdenad
Warbia, rom gesmis XIX s-is Tu 1940-60-iani ww-
is germaneli restavratorebisa, romelnic
barokuli Tu XIX s-is mxatvroba-morTulobas
Tu II msoflio omis droindeli ngrevis mere
SemorCenil maT fragmentebs aSorebdnen ro-
manulsa Tu goTur taZrebs... CvenSi `stiluri
restavraciis~ niSnebi ufro XX s-Si – sxvaTa
Soris, ufro 1990-ni ww-dan iCens Tavs da ufro
XIX s-is, xelaRebiT `rusulad~ monaTluli
moxatulobebis, kankelebis da a.S. CamoxsnaSi
vlindeba. zogjer es misasalmebelicaa (mag.,
alaverdis taZris rusuli ikonostasis daSla
jer kidev sabWoTa dros), principad ki ar SeiZ-
leba iqces, radgan zogan (mag., erTawmindaSi)
XIX s-is Senawirebma erTgvari – aw aRararsebu-
li! – mxatvruli mTlianoba Seqmnes. amitomac
aucilebelia risame moxsna mxolod saTanado
gansja-ganxilvis Semdeg xdebodes.
gvwadiao46. jerjerobiT saqmes iqneb xa-
tebis Sinaarsobrivad da mxatvrulad
gamarTulma ganfenam, kedel-kamare-
bis ki ram neitraluri toniT dafervam
uSvelos, romelic Crdilebis Cafenas
xels ar SeuSlis. magram sxvafriv Cvenc
xelgvewifeba raRac-raRaceebi – maga-
liTad: iqneb arqiteqtorma (an mxatvar-
ma) daxatos alaTebi, aSkarad ara `ma-
Sindeli~, maSindeliviT wvril-wvrili
ki da SuSac miaxloebiT im palitrisa
da sibace-simuqis moargos, rogoric
Zvelebur sasarkmle minas sCveoda. am
mimarTulebiT mcdeloba ukve gvaqvs ki-
dec – 1980-iani wlebis Telavis mefeTa
sasaxlis restavraciisas rekonstrui-
rebul sarkmlebSi iranuli nimuSebis
da `vefxistyaosnis~ e.w. wereTliseuli
nusxis waSvelebiT47 arqiteqtorma zaal
meRvineT-uxucesma Sebekeebi moawyo.
rogorc viciT, kaxT-batonTa sayofel-
ma XX saukunis Sua xanamde Zlier iercv-
lilma, miSeneba-daSenebebSi danTqmul-
ma moatana. restavratorebs SeuZlebe-
li iyo ar gasCenodaT survili misTvis
pirvel-maSeneblTagan miniWebuli saxis
dabrunebisa. bevri sja-kamaTis Semdeg,
sabolood amis miRweva scades kidec –
moixsna XIX saukuneSi dadgmuli meore
sarTuli da sxva danamatebi, gaSiSvl-
da Zveli wyoba, kvalebiT moZebnil iqna
sarkmlebis gvianSuasaukunovani moxa-
zuloba48...amdenad, warmosdga Zveli
46
aseve wlebis Semdeg Tu SeiZleba davfiqr-
deT, xom ar ajobebs axali moculobebi gava-
CinoT gauCinarebuli egvterebisa Tu karib-
Weebis magivrad iq, sadac, rogorc alaver-
dsa an samTavisSi, isini Tavdapirveli gegmis
Semadgenelia da umaToba – damamaxinjebeli.
47
i. elizbaraSvili da sxv., dasax. naSr., gv. 197.
48
aq ar aris adgili am restavraciaze Seyov-
nebisa, vityvi mxolod, rom zogi ram kvla-
vac sakamaTo mgonia (mag., mTavari darbazis
irgvliv erTgvari `antresolebis~ gamarTva)
da, rac mTavaria, ar iqna – egebis marTlac
drois naklebobis da aCqarebis (1983 wels
ruseT-qarTl-kaxeTis georgievskis samokav-

saqarTvelos bolo Jamis arqiteqtu-
ra, oRond `moklebuli damaxasiaTebel
mdidrul samkaulsa da brwyinvalebas~,
romlis samagierod `mogonili dekora-
tiuli elementebis~ Sematebaze proe-
qtantebma uari Tqves – da gonivrula-
dac49. saqme ki isaa xom, rom `mdidruli
samkauli~ ara marto damaxasiaTebelia,
aramed aucilebelic im arqiteqturu-
li wrisTvis (isfahanis nagebobebi iq-
neba es Tu nuxis sasaxle – Telavisas
uaxloes analogiad miCneuli)50, aqedan
ki, rac miviReT, Canafiqris Tvalsazri-
siT avTenturi sul mcireodenadac ar
aris. restavratorebma es igrZnes, ma-
gram SeZlebiT ra SeeZloT? dRevande-
li TvalisTvis ase xibliani Seulesa-
vi aguris fasadebi XVII-XVIII saukuneTa
momgebelTa Tu galatozTaTvis bevrs
arafers warmoadgenda, isini maT an So-
renkecebiT gaawyobdnen an naZerwobiT
Sireo traqtatis 200 wlisTavi izeimeboda
da samuSaoebis dasruleba saimdrood moi-
Txoves) gamo ar iqna gafiqrebuli sasaxlis
`gamonTavisuflebis~ yvela Sedegi. gansa-
kuTrebiT TvalSisacemi is gaxldaT, rom
erTsarTuliani Senoba mibjenili gamoCnda
(istoriulad – cxadia, piriqiT moxda!) wm.
ninos saswavleblis XX s-is dasawyisis zor-
ba nagebobaze – gamovida, rom batonis-cixis
guli mis sxva Semadgenlebze nakleb saCinoa.
arsebiTad, aman moralurad garduvalobiT
moitana azri sasaxlisTvis pirvelobis da-
brunebis da mogviano naSenobis aRebisa, ra-
sac, Tavis jerze, gasagebi aRSfoTeba mohyva
(ix., mag.: l. andronikaSvili, Telavis urbanu-
li memkvidreobis Rirebuleba, kr. mxatvru-
li forma: epoqebi da tendenciebi, Tb., 2015,
gv. 134-135), Tumca msjelobisas ar aris xolme
Tvalmidevnebuli movlenaTa mTeli es jaWvi.
imas rodi vamtkiceb, `asjer gazomva~-c sasax-
lis `gamoSiSvlebis~ gadawyvetilebas araf-
riT migvaRebinebda-meTqi, Zalianac SeiZleba
igi arc Secvliliyo – imasRa vambob, rom ar
yofila jerisaebr gaTvaliswinebuli, Tu ras
moitanda misi aRsruleba.
49
i. elizbaraSvili da sxv., dasax. naSr., gv. 197.
50
iqve.
35
– mereda ras vewioT, rodesac kedlebze
risame erTi nakuwic ar SemogvrCenia?
viciT, rom Sua darbazi moxatuli yofi-
la (iseve rogorc batonis-cixis axlan-
deli aRmosavleTi WiSkris zeda sarTu-
li)51 da - arc mxatvrobis nakvalevi Cans
sadme. erTSiRa veravin Seitanda eWvs –
sarkmlebSi geometriuli saxeebiT Sed-
genili Sebekeebi iqneboda da es ferado-
vani da feradovnebis Semomtani elemen-
ti iqna kidec Semoyvanili Telavis sasa-
xlis yvelafrisgan ganZarcvuli inte-
rieris cotaTi mainc gasacxovleblad.
vfiqrob, es savsebiT sworic iyo, oRond
– zemomoyvanili sabuTianobis kuTxiT
Tu SevxedavT! – arasakmao. jer erTi, ase
vTqvaT, à la Nukha stilizebuli alaTe-
bis naySi SeiZleboda – axlac SeiZleba!
– ufro Tavisuflad, isev geometriu-
lad, arki ase `gvianiranulad~ daxatu-
liyo, iqneb da, sul sxva geometriiT da
sulac sxva sazris-debiT. samagierod,
`Canafiqris avTenturobisTvis~ yvela-
ze mTavari – minebis feradovneba umjo-
besi iqneboda sxva yofiliyo. TbilisSi
SemorCenili (samxatvro akademiis = ar-
Sakunis saxli, sxva sacxovrebeli saxle-
bis) XIX saukunisa da XX-Si aRdgenili
Sebekeebis Sedareba naTelhyofs, rom
Zveli minis feri ufro najeria, raRac-
nairad `manaToblad muqi~ (aseTive iyo
XII-XIV ss-is evropuli vitraJebic), Ta-
namedrove ki Wyetelaca da wyawyalac;
kargi iqneboda mogvexerxebina Zvelisg-
vari ferebi migveRo – Zneli dasajere-
belia, es teqnikurad SeuZlebeli iyos.
da kidev: ra gviSlis kedlebi ferweriT
movrToT – savsebiT, gnebavT, xazgasmu-
lad sxvanair-dRevandeliT, ornamen-
tulobiTa da ferTa SemadgenlobiT ki
Zvels SexmianebuliT? amas martooden
TelavisTvis rodi vnatrulob – gana
l. rCeuliSvili, q. Telavis mefeTa sasaxle,
51
krebulSi: misive, qarTuli xelovnebis isto-
riis narkvevebi, Tb., 1994, gv. 201 da 204.
36
sacodaoba ar aris, rom imereTis mefe-
Ta sasaxlidan SemorCenili erTaderTi
ram, odesRac `oqros Cardaxad~ wodebu-
li, axla gapartaxebuli da gaubedu-
rebuli idges? ar vici, ra vuSveloT
fasadebs, magram ra udgas win SigniT iq
adre arsebuli saistorio-bataluri
mxatvroba `davabrunoT~52? isic mgonia,
vici, es saukeTesod vis gamouva – levan
WoRoSvils, visTvisac gviani Sua sauku-
neebis Cveni tragikuli istoriac agre
axlobelia da imereTis samefos bedi
da ubedoba... gauWirdeba mas, viTom,
singur-lurj-mwvane-yviTel-yavisfre-
biT Cvens kedlis mxatvrobas Seesity-
vos, Tan ki savsebiT Tavisi da savsebiT
Cvendroindeli ferwera Seqmnas? arc is
mgonia saWiro, Tu TelavSi, Tu quTaisSi
pirdapir kedlebze vxatoT – gadavWi-
moT ram masala da feri mase daidos; de,
nu `SevawuxebT~ Tavad kedlebs da Semd-
gom dros davutovoT SesaZlebloba
Cveni nakeTebi gaunadgureblad moaSo-
ros bagratovanTa nabinevs da Tavisas
ewios... meore mxriv, riT ar SeiZleba,
es mxatvrobanic Cvenma sasaxleebma ise-
ve `Seiguos~, rogorc, vTqvaT, moric
fon Svindtis XIX saukunis romantikuli
kompoziciebi aizenaxis vartburgis ro-
manulma cixe-darbazma53?
vidre, damaboloveblad, ase vityodi
`sakonservacio ideologiis~ msoflmxe-
52
v. beriZe, XVI-XVIII saukuneebis qarTuli xu-
roTmoZRvreba, t. I, Tb., 1983, gv. 228.
53
raki natvraa, am erTsac vityvi – ra kargi
iqneboda, am sasaxleebSi – sxvaganac, egebis!
– gamosafenad Txovebis wesiT ganTavsebuli-
yo muzeumebis sacavebSi daunjebuli da ar-
gamosafenada Tu uiSviaTesad gamosefenad
`ganwiruli~ nivTebi – xom aris saqarTvelos
erovnuli muzeumis SemadgenelTa sakuTre-
baSi erekle II-is, darejan dedoflis, giorgi
XII-is Tu sxvaTa naqoni nivTebi, mefe-dedo-
fal-batoniSvilTa portretebi... uTuod,
imereli bagrationebis xelmonakidebic moi-
Zebneba rame Tbilissa da quTaisSi...
dvelobriv qveSreze SevCerdebi, vnaxoT,
ra ikveTeba yovelnairi `principebidana~
da `miTiTebebidan~, rogorc ZeglTadac-
viT moqmedebaTa miucilebeli safuZve-
li, maT Tu droismiersa da cxad, ginda
farul polemikur CenCos gadavacliT.
a. pirveli – razedac zemoT risame
Tqma mezedmeta: sanam rames gavakeTeb-
deT, didi iqneba Tu mcireze mcire,
yvelaferi unda SevityoT Sesabamis
`obieqtze~ – werilobiTi wyaroebiTa
da bibliografiiT dawyebuli, vidre
uaxlesi fiziko-qimiuri meTodebiT
mosapovebeli masalaTmcodneobiTi,
garemosmcodneobiTi da a.S. monaceme-
bis CaTvliT;
b. SenarCunebul unda iyos SeZlebis-
dagvarad yvelaferi da aucileblad
– yovelive raime kuTxiT (mxatvruli,
urbanuli, istoriuli, landSaftu-
ri...) Rirebuli; savsebiT aucilebeli
Cans bolo drois meTodikaSi moTxo-
vnili RirebulebaTa calke gamoyo-
fa– amiT Tu sul ar gamoiricxeba, mi-
nimumamde mainc dava risame faseulis
gawirva (mag., vfiqrob, ar davkargav-
diT pirveli sarTulis interierebs
da sadarbazos yof. iusticiis sami-
nistroSi rusTavelis gamzirze);
g. gamoyenebuli masalebi mocileba-
di unda iyos – maT Tavsebadobaze ar-
sebulTan laparakic zedmetia;
d. windawin ar unda amoviCemoT ram
erTi meTodi da unda `avamuSavoT~
yvela is – zogjer Tavad damwer-Semd-
genelTa mierac naxevrad gaucnobi-
erebeli naxevrad dafaruli, – Sesa-
Zleblobani, rac yovelnair SeTanx-
mebebsa da gansazRvrebebSia Cama-
luli; aki vnaxeT, rogor Suqs hfens
rekonstruqciis sakiTxs `naras avTen-
turobis dokumenti~54.
amasTan dakavSirebiT C. brandis kidev erTi
54
dakvirvebacaa sagulisxmo: `xelovnebis na-

axla ki, dasasrul, kidev erTxel davs-
vaT kiTxva: ratom aris, rom vera da ver
ikidebs fexs Teoriulad ase rixiani
`sufTa konservacionizmi~? rom vera da
ver SeeTanxmiera erTi meores Teoria
da praqtika? vfiqrob, gamocanis amoxs-
na xelovnebisa da adamianis cxovrebis
mimarTebis gacnobierebaSi unda veZioT.
zemoT vaxsene, ranairad imoqmeda Cems
Sexedulebebze mowodebam, `bagratis ta-
Zari~ aRvadginoTo. sinamdvileSi pirve-
li bzari Cems `avTentizms~ maSin gauCn-
da, rodesac giorgi CubinaSvilis arqiv-
Si vnaxe misi dadebiTi gamoxmaureba wro-
mis taZris gumbaTis rekonstruqciis
proeqtze – da amas b-ni giorgi werda,
zedmiwevniT mecnieruli damokidebule-
bis qomagi! b-ni giorgi, vinc q-n eka pro-
valovas monayoliT, romeliRac, etyoba,
zRvargadasulad agresuli ZeglTa-dac-
viTi ideis gamo ase Tqva, `Zeglebs buneb-
rivi sikvdiliT kvdoma acaleT~-o...
kidev ufro momxvda guls cota xanSi
Cemi sayvareli jilbert q. Cestertonis
moTxrobis `darnaueÁTa bediswera~ Sem-
degi adgili: misi cnobili gmiri, kaTo-
warmoebis masalaze~ TavSi is ganasxvavebs
masalas rogorc `struqturas~ da rogorc
`iers~ (ital. aspetto, ingl. appearance). xelovne-
bis TvalsazrisiT arsebrivi – meorea. pirve-
li, nawarmoebis rogorc nivTis Sedgeniloba,
SeiZleba kidec Seicvalos, Tu es ierze ar ais-
axeba (mag., gacveTili tilo, Tu is aranairad
monawileobs suraTis formaTmetyvelebaSi)
(C. Brandi, The Theory... gv. 51). aqedan ramdenime
ram gamodis – mag., ase SeiZleba gamarTldes –
TavisTavad gamonaklisadRa mosaTmeni, – e.w.
`fasadizmi~, e.i. mxolod quCis `garegnobaze~
gaTvlili ZeglTadacviTi moqmedeba arqi-
teqturis restavraciaSi. xolo amasTan ki,
Tumc masalaze mofiqral C. brandis es sazo-
gadod ar ufiqria, Tu raRac ganzomilebiT
– mag., quCis Tu moednis ansamblSi adgilis
mxriv daklebuli nagebobis moxazuloba an
RiobTa ritmuli ganawileba, – mis erTaderT-
ganumeorebel mTlianobas ayalibebs, ieris
warmmarTvelobidan gamomdinare, misi rekon-
struqcia lamisaa savaldebuloc kia...
37
like mRvdeli, mama brauni urCevs Zveli
gvaris avstraliidan axlaxans Camosul
memkvidres, meti Suqi SemouSvas mis pir-
quS-Cabnelebul sagvareulo cixe-koS-
kSi. amis Semswre mxatvari da siZvelis
trfiali martin vudi aRSfoTebiT
SesZaxebs: `ras brZanebT,... visganac gne-
bavT, Tqvengan ki ar movelodi, mSvenier
goTur kamarebs ase udierad Tu moe-
pyrobodiT! isini xom lamisaa sauke-
Tesoa, rac Tqvenma religiam msoflios
misca. TiTqosda Tqven amgvar xelovne-
bas ufro saTuTad unda ekidebodeT!~;
xucesma amaze ase upasuxa: `...Tuki Tqven
ar iciT, rom me mzad var mtvrad vaqcio
am qveynad rac ki goTuri kamarebia, raTa
sijansaRe gindac erTaderTi adamia-
nis suls SevunarCuno, Cems religiaze
kidev ufro naklebi gcodniaT, vidre
Tavad ggoniaT~-o. ar var darwmunebu-
li, odesme, risame gamo iolad Tu gavi-
meteb rasme mSveniers, am sityvisgebam
ki SemagrZnobina, mxatvrulad lamazs
msoflwesrigSi adgili rom aqvs misaCe-
ni; daemata amas b-ni iuza xuskivaZis
kiTxva: xanZrisas an adamianis gadarCena
rom SegeZlos an rembrandtis suraTis,
romels airCevdio; an kidev – b-ni Salva
xidaSelis mtkiceba, eTika esTetikaze
aRmatebuli ariso... gadaxedeT axla C.
brandis – kvlav vadastureb, uRirsSe-
saniSnavessa da umniSvnelovanes, – wigns
da aRmoaCenT, rom iq sityva `zneobas~ki
ara, `funqciasac~ ver waawydebiT. an na-
xeT, rogori amreziT ambobs namdvilad
kritikuli `plÁuralisti~ mix. petceti
`...Zeglebis mravali kategoriis `gamo-
yenebiTi Rirebuleba~ moiTxovs maT Se-
keTebas da mniSvnelovan reabilitacias,
rac cdeba konservaciis meTods da moi-
cavs SenarCunebis sxva meTodebsac,... da
mainc konservacia aris da yovelTvis
iqneba aTvlis wertili Zeglis SenarCu-
nebis sakiTxebze msjelobisas~-o, cota
adre ki iTqmis `garkveuli kategoriis
38
ZeglebisaTvis konservacia aris upir-
velesi da erTaderTi saSualeba... es,
kerZod, exeba Zeglebs, romlebic gaiaz-
reba muzeumis msgavs konteqstSi~55.
ara mgonia, SemTxveviTi iyos an C. bran-
dis esTetizmi – romlisTvisac mas,
Turme sayveduric Sexvedria56, – an ki-
dev mix. petcetTan muzeumis xseneba.
erTica da meorec efuZneba xelovnebis
TviTkmarobis da TviTarsoba-TviTmd-
gomobis, misi principuli ufunqciobis
rwmenas, rac XVIII saukunis bolosken ga-
moinakvTa imanuil kantis da fridrix
fon Silleris TxzulebebSi, sadac nam-
dvil xelovnebas ar aqvs wili adamian-
Ta cxovrebaSi – Tumc (f. fon Siller-
Tan mainc) maTi arsebobis gareTaraa,
rogorc mogvianebiT, mag., xose orte-
ga-i-gassetis `dehumanizaciis Teoriis~
mixedviT. istoriulad sul sxva viTa-
reba gvaqvs – mxatvruli Semoqmedebis
Tviseba, saxe-hqmnas adamianTa msoflxe-
dva, misi dasabamieri daniSnuleba for-
mismier-esTetikuri mowesrigebis meo-
xebiT sakralur-miRmuris xilul-Tu
sasmenel qmnis gziT Sexsenebisa Tu ga-
moxmobis, mas sworedac adamianTa yo-
veldRiurobis SuagulSi aqcevda, Tumc
is marTlac aRzevebuli iyo yofiTo-
baze, yofa-cxovrebas (ritualTan er-
Tad!) zeJamieris ganzomilebas sZenda.
rodesac `sekularizaciam~ xelovnebas
amis saSualeba TiTqmis wahgvara, mas po-
litikur-ideologiur `angaJirebulo-
basa~ da mxoloo esTetikur `wminda xe-
lovnebas~ (e.i. odindeli mTlianobis
ganmxoloebul mxareebs) Soris arCeva-
nis meti TiTqmis aRarc SerCa ra.“kon-
servacionistebi~, cxadia, `xelovneba
xelovnebisTvis~ ideis momxreTa So-
ris eqcevian, `klasikuri modernizmis~
55
m. petceti, dasax. naSr., gv. 19; Sdr. aseve
gulsgareTi Txroba TavSi `reabilitacia da
modernizacia~, iqve, gv. 31-32.
56
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 237.
TeoretikosebiviT – vin icis, iqneb
uneburadac. magram ferwera-qandake-
bis, mwerlobisa an musikisgan gansxvave-
biT, arqiteqturisTvis gamoiyenebodes
raoba-ragvarobis arsebismieri gansa-
zRvrebaa. da ai, praqtikosi (arada, C.
brandis ideebis gamziareblad cnobili)
ser b. fildeni gvmoZRvravs: `Senobebis
SenarCunebis gza, sagnebisgan gansxvave-
biT, maTi mudmivi gamoyenebaa – praqtika,
romelic SeiZleba... modernizaciasac
moicavdes, adaptiuri cvlilebebiTa
an maT gareSe~57. TiTqos mas, Tu misebr
mofiqralT, gulisxmobdes mix. petce-
ti, sakmaod aSkara guliswyromiT rom
wers `gamoyenebis fetiSizmis~ Sesaxeb,
romelic ganimarteba winadadebiT `Zeg-
li gamoyenebis gareSe dakargulia~-o58.
piradad me am gamonaTqvamSi saironios
verafers vxedav da niSneulia, raodeni
gasaqani mieca swored reabilitacias
bolo aTwleulebSi, ra adgili uWiravs
ganxorcielebul samuSaoebSi adapta-
cias. yuradsaRebia, agreTve, rom amg-
vari muSaoba saTavdacvo nagebobebsac
Seexo, romelTa nangrevebi imav m. pet-
cetisTvis calsaxad sakonservacioRaa.
erTi maTgani, rivolis cixe-darbazi
(turinis maxloblad) zemoSemoTavaze-
buli terminologiiT `gasruleba~-`ur-
TierTSemsWvalvis~ meTodiT andrea
brunos mier Tanamedrove xelovnebis
muzeumad gardaqmnili, TviT Á. Áoki-
letom Seaqo; meore TbilisSi dadebiT
magaliTad `English Heritage~-is Tavkac-
Taganma, dankan makkalumma warmoad-
gina – amav midgomiT `gacxovlebuli~
blinkou holli Crdilo-dasavleT ing-
lisSi59. garkveulwilad es TeoriaSic
57
B. M. Feilden, dasax. naSr., gv. 10.
58
m. petceti, dasax. naSr., gv. 15.
59
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 315; D. McCullum, Im-
poving Historic Urban Areas in England, kr. sazoga-
doeba da istoriuli garemo, gv. 39-40 (ing.), 41
(qarT).

aisaxa – am mxriv memniSvnelovneba evro-
komisiisa da evrosabWos SeerTebuli
ZalisxmeviT momzadebuli da 2006 wels
dastambuli `memkvidreobis Sefasebis
saxelmZRvanelo~, kerZod ki mas darTu-
li sanimuSo Sefaseba CernogoriaSi kos-
maCis cixe-simagrisa. 1840-iani wlebis
es, saerTaSoriso (e.i. umaRlesi) mniS-
vnelobisad miCneuli, Senoba verc Tu
kargi daculobisaa – morRveulia didi
nawilebi, rac mTavaria, ucnobia rogo-
ri iyo misi gadamxuravi konstruqcia; am
pirobebSi (gavimeoreb, es sanimuSod mo-
tanili dokumentia!) mTavar savaraudo
samoqmedo gegmad sastumros an hoste-
lis masSi mowyoba ganixileba (e.i. sruli
aRdgenac) da mxolodRa alternativad
– samuzeumo obieqtad misi gadaqceva60.
calsaxad cxadia – restavraciis upir-
velesi wesic ki – araviTari varaudio,
– ukan gadadis ZeglisTvis sicocxlis
dabrunebis, cxovrebaSi misTvis adgi-
lis mikuTvnebis saWiroebis pirispir.
„muzeumuri~ xedvis gaTvalsaCinoe-
bisTvis kidev erT amonarids moviyvan
– amjerad erTi kargi Cveneburi gamok-
vlevidan: `...saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi
muzeumebi cdiloben SezRudon eqspona-
tebTan uSualo Sexeba da es procesi Caa-
nacvlon eleqtronuli katalogebiT,
skanirebuli aslebiT da a.S. muzeumebis
umravlesobas, koleqciebis umeteso-
ba Senaxuli aqvs, vidre gamofenili.
muzeumis muSaobis ZiriTad pasuxism-
geblobas warmoadgens adekvaturi Se-
sanaxi saTavsoebis da Sesabamisi meTo-
debis uzrunvelyofa~61. ar geCvenebaT,
60
kulturuli memkvidreobis inventarizaci-
isa da dokumentirebis saxelmZRvanelo; ur-
banuli reabilitaciis saxelmZRvanelo; memk-
vidreobis Sefasebis saxelmZRvanelo, Tb.,
2008, gv. 304, 307, 313-314.
61
l. miqaberiZe, arqeologiuri warmoSobis
brinjaos artefaqtebis konservacia da kvle-
va, Tb., 2016, gv. 85.
39
rom es ukve nametania – xelovnebis qm-
nilebebTan mimarTebiT mainc! maTi ga-
damalva dacvis mizniT faqtiurad au-
qmebs maT, viTarca nimuSebs mxatvruli
Semoqmedebisa, romelnic yovel mizezs
gareSe aRqmuli unda iyos, Tu ara da,
gind arsebula, gind ara; xelovanis
nawarmoebs verc raginda iyos asaxulo-
ba Secvlis. arsebobs, kidev kargi, aseTi
siZveleTsacavebi (ase unda mowyobili-
yo 2000-iani wlebis bolos qarTul-ger-
manuli proeqtiT quTaisis muzeumi), sa-
dac fondebi damatebiTi eqspoziciaa, –
mxolodRa gamofenilis sagangebo kom-
ponirebis gareSe. motanili nawyvetidan
ki isic Cinebulad unda gamoCndes, sad
SeiZleba migviyvanos muzeumis, rogorc
Sesanaxi adgilis, ideam – misi bolo sa-
zrisdakarguli, aRaravisTvis (mecnie-
rebma isini, savaraudod, ukve Seiswav-
les da gamoaqveynes) sasargeblo nivTe-
bis materialuri myofobaa. vSiSob, aqam-
deve miva `konservirebuli nangrevebis~
upirobo kultic – naSTTa TviTmiznur
movlamde, rac didxansac ver gastans,
raki arasaWiros xangrZlivad gadayola
adamianebs ar sCveviaT.
CvenSi `samuzeumo~ ganwyobilebas isic
kvebavda, rom sabWoTa viTarebaSi yve-
lafers religiurs, feodalurs, bur-
Juaziuls esTetikuris calmxrivi
winwamoweviT Tu ixsnidi mospobisgan –
da asec virjebodiT yvelani, rame mainc
rom gadagverCina `sxva dromde~. es imas
ar niSnavs, ver vxvdebode, rom `gamoye-
nebiT midgomas~ Tavisi xifaTebi aqvs –
sulerTia, `funqcias~ pirdapiri, viwro
azriT gavigebT, Tu masSi sazogadoeb-
riv-politikur-simbolur sazrisdeba-
sac vigulisxmebT. vinc dacvis xerxTa
(konservacia Tu restavracia) nairgva-
robas funqcias ukavSirebda (pirveli,
TiTqos, frangi J. J. burasse iyo, 1845
wels) an pirdapir Tanadroul moTxov-
nebs ayenebda win (mag., inglisuri gaer-
40

Tianeba `eklesiologisti~, anda germaneli k. veberi) sakmaod msubuqad uyurebda

gemovnebiseulad argulmisatanis uangariSo ngrevasac da gemovnebismiersve `sti-
lizebas~ Tu momateba-daklebas62. nairgvar simbolur asociacia-sazrisebsac Za-
luZs bevri usiamovneba SegvamTxvios – dawyebuli aRsafrTovaneblis uazro `ga-
lamazebiT~, damTavrebuli politikurad Tu sarwmunoebrivad miuReblis xelaRe-
biT ganadgurebiT, risi samwuxaro magaliTebi arc bolo aTwleulebSi dagvklebia.
magram safrTxeebi da ukuRmarTobani sazogadod sdevs Tan adamianis cxovrebas da
amis gamo, ra vqnaT, sicocxlis Sewyveta-ganadgurebis qadagebas SevudgeT? Cven,
qarTvel xelovnebaTmcodneebs, memkvidreobiT miRebuli gvaqvs xelovnebis ga-
geba, viTarca, g. CubinaSvilis TqmiT, `xelovnebisa adamianisTvis~63 (e.i. pirovne-
bisTvis), rac – ar daviRlebi amis gameorebiT,– pirvelad dabeWdvisas, 1951 wels,
demagogiuri lozungis `xelovneba xalxisTvis~ batonobis Jams, gadatrialebis
tolfasi unda yofiliyo, axla ki, sxva yvelaferTan erTad, ZeglTadacviTi `Ta-
vsatexebis~ amoxsnis gezsac dagvanaxebs. am TvalsazrisiT Tu SexedavT, mxatvruli
danatovaris mniSvnelovneba Cveni arsebobisTvis istoriuli, gnebavT, metafizi-
kuri Tu esTetikuri perspeqtivis miniWebaa – amitomRa gvaqvs ufleba vTxovoT
Cvens Tanamoqalaqeebs Tu xelisufalT, materialurTan erTad, nivTieri garemos
am, sulier-mSvinvieri bunebis waxnagebsac miagon saTanado pativi. Tavis jerze,
visac es gvevaleba da vinc davivaleT, mowodebulni varT warsulis `naSTni~ ise
vacocxloT, rom azri SerCes maT saTqmels, ar ganeldes maTi zemoqmedeba Cveni
samosaxloebis iersa Tu Cvens guneb-ganwyobaze. saamisod ki garemoebaTa da Tvi-
sebaTaebr nebismieri meTodi unda movimarjvoT – umartivesi damcavi fenis dasma
iqneba es, Tu rekonstruqcia. radgan yvelaferi, rasac viqmT, xom adamianis gansas-
petakeblada da asamaRleblad gvinda; aki iTqva 20 saukunis win TviT iudevelTa
religiuri cxovrebis umkacresi pirobis, SabaTis uqmobis gamo: `SabaTi kacisaTÂs
daebada, ara-Tu kaci SabaTisaTÂs~ (markoz, 2, 27).

62
J. Jokilehto, dasax. naSr., gv. 149-150, 186-187, 196.
63
Г. Н. Чубинашвили, О достижениях Советской Грузии в области изучения истории искусства (1951), ix.: misive,
Вопросы истории искусства, t. I, Тб., 1970, gv. 4.
 41

Dimitri Tumanishvili
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art
George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

On the Protection and Conservation of Architecture

Based on the works of the 19th-20th cc. theoreticians from the field of conservation and the case studies
from Georgian and international conservation practices, the paper discusses disputed issues of the con-
servation philosophy. It also touches so called “museum” and “man-oriented” approaches.
42

nana kupraSvili
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

lela miqaberiZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

prevenciis roli konservaciaSi

mravali welia msoflioSi arsebuli wamyvani sakonservacio centrebi SeTanxmdnen

imaze, rom konservaciaSi Zalze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba prevenciul konserva-
cias. prevenciuli konservacia aris RonisZiebaTa erToblioba, romelTa Sedega-
dac samuzeumo eqsponatebi da koleqciebi Senaxulia, gamofenilia, movlilia da
SenarCunebulia ise, rom ar moxdes maTi mdgomareobis gauareseba1. prevenciuli
konservacia gulisxmobs eqsponatebisa da koleqciebis dazianebis sawinaaRmdego
da potenciuri safrTxis Sesamcirebel nebismier zomas. eqsponatebis dacvis re-
Jimi TavisTavSi gulisxmobs im pirobebis erTobliobas, romelic aucilebelia
koleqciis SenarCunebisaTvis. saTanado prevenciuli konservacia yvelaze qme-
diTi formaa, radgan am meTodis gamoyeneba Tavidan gvacilebs gamosasworebeli
konservaciis aucileblobas an minimumamde dahyavs misi saWiroeba. am meTodis ga-
moyenebiT SesaZlebelia xelovnebis nimuSis SenarCuneba da dacva momavali Taobe-
bisaTvis imave mdgomareobaSi, rogorSic is muzeumSi moxvedramde iyo.
muzeumebSi prevenciuli konservaciis dagegmva kompleqsuri sakiTxia, radgan gan-
sxvavebuli tipis koleqciebs movlis gansxvavebuli meTodebi esaWiroeba. es aseve
damokidebulia specialistebis muSaobaze da im gamocdilebaze, romlis Sedega-
dac SeiZleba koleqciis yvela saWiroebis uzrunvelyofa. upirveles yovlisa, eqs-
ponatis gadarCenis SesaZleblobaze da konservaciis Sesabamisi saSualebis arCe-
vanze gavlenas axdens am eqsponatis istoria samuzeumo koleqciaSi moxvedramde.
ra mizniT Seiqmna es nivTi, ra masalisgan aris damzadebuli, rogor gamoiyeneboda
da ra pirobebSi imyofeboda muzeumSi moxvedramde _ yvelaferi es is faqtorebia,
romlebsac yuradReba eqceva kompleqsuri prevenciuli konservaciisas.
konservaciis specialistebma SeimuSaves standartebi sxvadasxva tipis koleqcie-
bisaTvis yvelaze mosaxerxebel pirobebTan dakavSirebiT. es standartebi gviC-
venebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba muzeumis garemos kontroli pirobebis SefasebiT da
maTi moqceva konkretul sazRvrebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom garemos standartebi
unda sruldebodes nebismier dros, iqneba es eqsponatebis gamofena, Senaxva Tu
transportireba. koleqciebis konservaciaze gavlenas axdens oTxi ZiriTadi fa-
qtori: temperatura, fardobiTi tenianoba, ganaTebis done da haeris sisufTave2.
prevenciuli konservaciis roli mdgomareobs imaSi, rom akontrolos es faqtore-
1
d. konstantiosi, n. konstantiosi, l. combanoRlu, saxelmZRvanelo muzeumis menejer-
TaTvis, http://www.nplg.gov.ge.
2
J. Wellheiser, J. Scott, An Ounce of Prevention: Integrated Disaster Planning for Archives, Libraries and Record Centres, 2nd
edition, Maryland and London, 2002.

bi da rac SeiZleba didxans SeinarCunos
koleqciisTvis aucilebeli pirobebi.
temperatura da tenianoba is mTavari
faqtorebia, romlebsac mniSvnelovnad
SeuZlia moaxdinos gavlena eqsponatis
siberis procesis daCqarebaze. samuzeu-
mo saqmeSi aseve mniSvnelovani kompo-
nentia haeris dabinZurebisagan dacva.
eqsponatebis daculobaze negatiurad
moqmedebs mtveri, gamonabolqvi, Wvart-
li. es gansakuTrebiT exeba msxvil qa-
laqebs. sinaTlem SeiZleba seriozu-
lad daazianos samuzeumo eqsponatebi.
is erT-erTi mniSvnelovani safrTxea
koleqciebis xangrZlivi arsebobisTvis.
nebismieri sinaTle, susti iqneba is Tu
Zlieri, energiaa da SeiZleba gamoiwvios
eqsponatebis dazianeba ferebis gaxune-
bisa da masalis mdgomareobis gauare-
sebis saxiT. biologiuri reJimis dacva
uzrunvelyofs eqsponatebis dacvas
bio-damazianeblebisagan: obisagan, so-
kosagan, mwerebisagan, mRrRnelebisa-
gan. samuzeumo saqmeSi Zalian mniSvne-
lovania eqsponatebis dacva meqanikuri
dazianebisagan. es faqtori gansakuT-
rebiT mniSvnelovania specialistebis
uSualod nivTebze muSaobis procesSi 3.
muzeumebis umravlesobas koleqciebis
didi nawili ara gamofenili, aramed Se-
naxuli aqvs. muzeumis muSaobis ZiriTad
pasuxismgeblobas warmoadgens adekva-
turi Sesanaxi saTavsoebis da Sesabami-
si meTodebis uzrunvelyofa. rogorc
eqsponatebis Senaxvis yvela SemTxveva-
Si, aqac aucilebelia saimedod daculi
Senoba. aseve aucilebelia garemo piro-
bebis kontroli da koleqciebis Semosv-
lasTan, gasvlasa da adgilmdebareobas-
Tan dakavSirebuli dokumentaciis Seqm-
nis saTanado sistemisa da procedure-
bis Camoyalibeba. gansakuTrebiT mniS-
3
M. Ryhl-Svendsen, Indoor air pollution in museums:
a review of prediction models and control strategies,
Reviews in Conservation, 7, 2006, pp. 27-41.
43
vnelovania koleqciebis damuSavebis
procedurebi. uzrunvelyofili unda
iqnes, agreTve, maTi misawvdomobis Sesa-
Zlebloba.
eqsponatebis Senaxva-dacvis sistema
unda emsaxurebodes or amocanas:
1) eqsponatebis xangrZlivad dacva me-
qanikuri dazianebisagan da deforma-
ciisagan;
2) nivTebis xelmisawvdomobisa da saWi-
roebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi swrafi da
advilad monaxvis uzrunvelyofa.
msoflios wamyvan muzeumebSi xorciel-
deba iseTi prevenciuli RonisZiebebi,
romlebic miaxlovebulia TiToeuli
nivTisaTvis saWiro idealur pirobebs.
dacva–SenaxvisaTvis saWiro TiToeuli
komponentis maCvenebeli mkacradaa gan-
sazRvruli da daculi. es standarti
moqmedebs yvela im muzeumSi, romelic
mowodebulia kulturuli memkvidreo-
bis materialuri Zeglebis xangrZlivad
SenaxvisTvis.
Cveni qveyana rom sakmaod mniSvnelovan
adgils ikavebs msoflio kulturuli
memkvidreobis rukaze, udavoa. Tumca,
miRebul standartebTan miaxloveba
mtkivneuli Temaa. eqsponatebis Senaxva-
movlis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT mwvaved
dgas regionul muzeumebSi, sadac sxva-
dasxva mizezis gamo, faqtobrivad yvela
kriteriumi darRveulia.
garda zogadi standartebisa, mniSvne-
lovania iseTi elemetaruli wesebis
dacvac, rogoricaa nivTebis sacaveb-
Si ganTavsebis forma. samwuxarod, zo-
gierT muzeumSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca
ferweruli namuSevrebi fondebSi gan-
Tavsebulia ise, rom isini erTmaneTs
azianebs meqanikuradac da struqturu-
ladac. vxvdebiT SemTxvevebs, roca li-
Tonis eqsponatebi erTmaneTSi Cawyobi-
li inaxeba, rac dauSvebelia. vxvdebiT
erT vitrinaSi moTavsebul sarestav-
44

racio da restavrirebul–konservirebul liTonis nivTebs, romlebic erTmaneTs

azianebs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom patara muzeumebs ar aqvs imis fufuneba hyavdes sakuTa-
ri restavrator–konservatori, romelic Seafasebs riskebs, SeimuSavebs rekomen-
daciebs da Semdeg ganaxorcielebs qmediT RonisZiebebs savalalo Sedegebis Tavi-
dan asacileblad an Sesamsubuqeblad mainc. amdenad, dgeba efeqturi komunikaciis
aucileblobis sakiTxi muzeumebsa da im organizaciebs Soris, romlebsac SeuZ-
lia prevenciuli konservaciis mimarTulebiT konsultireba da rekomendaciebis
gacema.
ukanasknel wlebSi msoflios wamyvani muzeumebi gadavida menejmentis axal for-
maze, romelic gulisxmobs riskebis marTvis xuT safexurs, esenia: Zeglis konteqs-
tis dadgena, riskebis identifikacia, riskebis analizi, riskebis Sefaseba da ris-
kebis marTva. mocemul sakiTxs SevexeT imisTvis, rom davinaxoT sad aris, romel
safexurzea restavrator–konservatoris Careva saWiro da risi gakeTeba SeuZlia
mas. safiqrebelia, rom konservatoris aqtiuri monawileoba mizanSewonili iqneba
riskebis identifikaciis, analizis da Sefasebis safexurebze. xolo riskebis mar-
Tvis etapze rekomendaciebis SemuSavebac sakmarisia. kulturuli memkvirdeobis
materialuri Zegebisa da samuzeumo faseulobebis Senaxva–dacvisas riskebis
identifikacia albaT, Zneli iqneba masalisa da teqnologiis Rrma codnis gareSe.
riskebis gaanalizebasa da SefasebaSic mniSvnelovania konservatorisa da muzeu-
mis fondis mcvelis an mmarTvelis erToblivi muSaoba da saerTo daskvnebis gake-
Teba. riskebis marTva, ra Tqma unda, umeteswilad, ekisreba fondis mcvels, Tumca
es SeuZlebeli iqneba konservatoris rekomendaciebis gareSe. xSirad eqsponatis
struqturis cvlileba SesaZloa Zneli SesamCnevi iyos da reagireba imdenad dag-
viandes, rom SeuZlebeli gaxdes nivTis gadarCena an misi Tavdapirveli saxis Senar-
Cuneba. arada, droulad ganxorcielebuli martivi samuSao SesaZloa sakmarisi aR-
moCndes garTulebis Tavidan asacileblad.
yovelive zemoxsenebuli, prevenciul konservacias Zalze mniSvnelovan sakiTxad
aqcevs, SesaZloa, ufro metadac, vidre gamosasworebel konservacias. prevenciul
konservacias SeuZlia gamosasworebel konservaciaSi Cadebuli investiciebidan
maqsimaluri sargeblis miReba. gamosasworebeli konservacia saWiroebs gameore-
bas da naklebad efeqtiania muzeumis garemoSi, romelic ver uzrunvelyofs saTa-
nado pirobebs an ar misdevs specialur yoveldRiur procedurebs. prevenciuli
konservaciis dagegmvis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia samuzeumo koleqciebis Senaxva
axlandeli da momavali TaobebisaTvis.
 45

Nana Kuprashvili
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Lela Mikaberidze
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Role of Prevention in Conservation

Since many years the leading conservation centers of the world acknowledge preventive conservation
as a very significant method to work with. Preventive conservation presents a unity of measures that are
applied for storing, exposing, handling and preserving and prevents deterioration. It implies any measures
against damage of exhibits and collections and are used for reduction of potential hazard. Regime of
protection of exhibits covers all those terms that are necessary for preservation of collections. Adequate
preventive conservation is the most effective measure, since application of the method enables involved
parties to avoid necessity of using restoration conservation or brings its need down to the minimum. Ap-
plication of the method enables the experts to preserve art specimen and keep it for future generations
in its initial condition, that is in the state it was before its appearance in the museum.
46

nodar aroniSiZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia
giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa
da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli kvleviTi centri

adreuli qarTuli taZarTmSeneblobis

ramdenime sadao sakiTxis Sesaxeb1

qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis istoriis mecnierebad „Camoqnis“ da misi, rogorc same-

cniero disciplinis Camoyalibebis saTaveebi TiTqmis xom srulad eTmoba im labi-
rinTTa kvleva-Ziebasa da analizs, romelsac Cven dReisaTvis erTmniSvnelovnad
da amavdrouliad, srulebiT „Tavisufladac“ daTariRebas, ama Tu im taZar-nage-
bobisTvis missav droiT-gansazRvrulobis misadagebas vuwodebT. gasuli saukunis
damdegidan TiTqmis rom dRevandlamde qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis istoriis Camo-
yalibebisa da Sevsebis Tanmimdevrul nabijebs vadevnebT Tvals. am TvalsazrisiT
ganxorcielebuli pirveli nabijebi ki, romlebic absoluturad „gasagebad“ ukav-
Sirdeba g. CubinaSvils, specifikurad gamorCeuli da gansxvavebuli mimarTulebis
matarebelia da Tavis TavSi erTdroulad moicavs ramdensame fazasa Tu kvleviTi
mimarTulebis ramdenime sartyels. Tumca, g. CubinaSvilisaTvis iqneb TanabarmniS-
vnelovnadac moCanda calkerZ _ auareba nangrevebisagan qveynis taZarTmSeneblo-
bis istoriis Seqmna da amis saSualebiT ki, Tavad istoriuli warsulis sxvafrivi
gacocxleba; an ki, meore mxriv, saerToqrisrianuli xuroTmoZRvrebis erT gamor-
Ceul nawilad qarTuli arqiteqturis dasaxva. Tumca ganurCevlad zemoTqmulisa,
yoveli samuSaos mTavar da ganuzomlad mniSvnelovan nawilad araorazrovnad Se-
gviZlia davsaxoT uSualod nagebobaTaTvis Sesatyvisi TariRis gamoReba. „daTa-
riRebis problema“ g. CubinaSvilis mowafeebis SromebSic „cocxlobda“ da dRem-
de inarCunebs mwvave aqtualobas, TumcaRa xuroTmoZRvruli kvlevebis ZiriTadi
specifika 1960 _ iani wlebis Semdgom da sadReisodac, mainc g. CubinaSvilis mier
struqturirebuli kvlevebis Semavsebel xasiaTs atarebs, rac kvlevaTa srulebiT
sxva safexursa da mniSvnelovnebas usvams xazs. pirobiTad rom vTqvaT, „TariRTa
dadgenis“ Semdgom, saqme-sakeTeblis mTavarma xazma ukve arsebuli, gamocdil-mo-
sinjuli da miRebuli, qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis periodizaciis Sevsebisken
gadainacvla, raRa Tqma unda, axal ZeglTa aRmoCeniTa Tu daTariRebiTurT _ yo-
velive imis SematebiTac, rac dazustebasa da gamarTvas saWiroebda.
amrigad, „miwa yamirze“ dawyebuli garja, romelic qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis is-
toriis Camoyalibebis pirvel nabijebsac gulisxmobs, metwilad ZeglTaTvis Sesa-

1
mocemuli werili, durujispira bazilikis saxelovnebaTmcodneo analizisa da daTariRe-
bis mcdelobis Sesaxeb arsebuli erTiani gamokvlevis azrobrivad pirvel nawils warmoad-
gens. meore nawilisTvis ix. n. aroniSiZe. durujispira bazilikis kompoziciis raobisTvis,
saqarTvelos siZveleni, N 20. Tb., 2017, gv. 61-97. Tavis mxriv ki orive es werili, Semoklebu-
li versiaa samagistro naSromisa (`adreqristianuli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis ramdeni-
me sakiTxi“), romelSic bevrad ufro detalurad da vrcladaa ganxiluli yvela is sakiTxi,
romelTa Sesaxebac mocemul werilebSi gvxvdeba msjeloba. ix., n. aroniSiZe, samagistro
naSromi, Tssa, restavraciis, xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis fakulteti, Tb., 2017.

darisi TariRis gamokvlevasa da gamo-
nakvTvas ukavSirdeba. erTia am SemTxe-
vaSi qarTuli xelovnebis istoria da
misi ganviTarebis morfologia da sul
sxvaa kidev am mimarTulebiT arsebuli
saerTo gamocdileba, hipoTezebi, gamo-
muSavebuli da droiT prizmaSi gatare-
buli dabejiTebiTi mtkicebebi, romle-
bic xelovnebis istoriis kvlevis meTo-
dologiaSi dagrovda da warmoCinda.
„kvlevis meTodebis“, Tavdapirvelad
swored aseTi zogadi da TiTqmis rom
„abstraqtuli“ ganxilva-analizi mniS-
vnelovania da sxvagvari datvirTvis
matarebelic im azriT, rom saqme qar-
Tuli xuroTmoZRvrebisadmi midgomas-
Tan gvaqvs. sazogadod, kvlevis meTo-
dologiisTvis gverdis avla verasgziT
Cans SesaZlebeli. xelovnebis istoriis
kvlevis meTodebis gansakuTrebuli xa-
zgasmiT aRniSvna-SeniSvnisa da analizis
saWiroeba, didwilad, egeb swored rom
qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi „maTariRe-
beli saSualebebisadmi“ – isini xom gark-
veuli TvalsazrisiT „qrestomatiuli-
caa“ _ xelaxalma mibrunebam dabada. is
rom kvlevis meTodologia da maT Soris
daTariRebis sakiTxi udaod mniSvnelo-
vania, ara mxolod uSualod xelovnebis
istoriis gamarTvisTvis saWiro, ara-
med, Tavissave TavSi momcveli proble-
mebis TvalsazrisiTac naTlad dastur-
deba v. zauerlenderis zedmiwevniT
zusti analiziTac, romelic xelovne-
bis nimuSis „xnovanebis, sadaurobisa da
individualobis dadgenas „exeba“2. rac
Seexeba daTariRebis problemas, rome-
lic, Tavis mxriv, mraval komponenta-
daa danawevrebuli da misi Semadgeneli
elementebis rkveva da dadgineba kide-
vac gaxda xelovnebis istoriis kvlevis
meTodebSi vrclad saanalizo da gan-
2
v. zauerlenderi, „xnovanebis, sadaurobisa
da individualobis dadgena“, wignSi: xelov-
nebis istoria, Sesavali, Tb., 2005, gv. 126-158.
47
saxilveli sakiTxi, uTuod saWiroebs
zedmiwevniT da SeZlebisdagvarad ga-
marTul „moTxrobasac“. am mxriv, imis
saWiroebac Cndeba, rom moxdes dife-
rencireba da TanmimdevrobiTi dalage-
ba im niSan-TvisebaTa Tu arqiteqturul
TaviseburebaTa, romelTa saSualebi-
Tac xelovnebis, metadre arqiteqtu-
ris, istorikosi ZeglisaTvis TariRis
misadagebas an ki mis gansazRvras axdens.
aseTad, ukve xsenebul v. zauerlenders
mravali sakiTxi aqvs dasaxuli, TumcaRa
yvelaze niSneuli mainc, Cveni SemTxvevi-
saTvis isaa, rom midgomaTa saxesxvaobas
da kvlevis meTodTa gardasaxvas upira-
tes da uwinares SemTvevebSi qveynebisa
da kulturuli arealebis gadanacvleba
ganapirobebs, romlis mixedviTac sxva-
dasxva qveynisa Tu kulturis SemTxveva-
Si kvlevis meTodTa gansxvavebuli nair-
saxeobani da aqcentebi Cndeba.
dasaxelebuli sakiTxi, romelic prob-
lemebis saxiT iCens Tavs qarTuli xu-
roTmoZRvrebis Seswavlis gzaze, SeZle-
bisdagvarad saWiroebs daxvewa-daw-
nexas. Sesavlis saxiT warmodgenili da-
TariRebis problema im sakiTxTagania,
romlis konkretul gamoZaxilebzec
gveqneba, erTgavrad naZaladevi, ms-
jeloba winamdebare werilis fargleb-
Si, TumcaRa aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom er-
Tiani saxis warmosadgenad da sakiTxis
mTavar arsTan miaxloebis mizniT, aseve
gviwevs wanamZRvrebis moxmoba.
gasuli saukunis bolo meoTxedi qarTu-
li xelovnebis saistorio mecnierebis
sferoSi ukve mravali wlis manZilze
mimdinare davis dasabams warmoadgens.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gansaxilveli kamaTi,
sxvadasxva saxiT, calkeul sakiTxTa
Sesaxeb manamdec mimdinareobda, Tumca
erTgvarad Semajamebeli saxe 1985 wlis
werilSi miiRo3, romlis ZiriTad arssac
3
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili. ras mogviTxrobs
48
qarTuli adreqristianuli xuroTmoZR-
vrebis Casaxvisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb
g. CubinaSviliseuli koncefciis kriti-
kuli analizi warmoadgenda. kritika ar-
sebiTad or mniSvnelovan sakiTxs Seexe-
ba. ZiriTadi cneba, romlis axleburad
gaazrebasac vxvdebiT T. mirzaSvilisa
da z. kiknaZis werilSi, gaxlavT g. Cu-
binaSvilis mier SemuSavebuli e.w. „evo-
luciis Teoria“,4 romlis mixedviTac,
rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli qristianu-
li xuroTmoZRvrebis morfologiis,
droSi formaTqmnisa da cvalebadobis
logikuri suraTi warmogvidgeba _ sa-
qarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo
religiad aRiarebidan, vidre gviani Sua
saukuneebis CaTvliT. swored mocemuli
Teoriis kritika xorcieldeba Semdegi
sakiTxebis axleburi gaazrebiT:
1. pirveli mniSvnelovani kiTxva, rom-
lis sxvadasxvagvarad gaazrebis sa-
SualebiTac cdiloben werilis avto-
rebi qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis
samecniero dargis fuZemdebelTa
kritikas, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvre-
bis sawyisebrivi periodis im nage-
bobaTa gegmarebiT-struqturul
ganviTarebas exeba, romelic Zalze
mokleT SeiZleba ase ganimartos: g.
CubinaSvilis mosazrebiT, gamarTu-
li gegmarebisa da Camoyalibebuli
struqturis bazilikebis mSeneblo-
ba, arsebul masalaze dayrdnobiT,
miranis wigni, kritika, N6, 1985.
4
vfiqrobT, sadReisod ganmartebas saWi-
roebs, is rac srulebiT calsaxad gasagebi
da erTmniSvnelovani unda yofiliyo. mxed-
velobaSi gvaqvs „evoluciis Teoriis“ gaaz-
reba, romelic TavisTavad sxva araferia Tu
ara „revoluciuri“, naxtomisebri, ganviTa-
rebis arsebrivad sapirispiro movlena. Tum-
ca amasTanave isic unda SevniSnoT, rom g. Cu-
binaSvili winare qristianuli qarTuli kul-
turis gadasvlas qristianul msoflmxedve-
lobasa da, maT Soris, xelovnebaze, swored
„naxtomisebri“ gardaqmnis saxiT iazrebs.
mxolodRa V saukunis bolo meoTxed-
Si fiqsirdeba5.
2. T. mirzaSvilisa da z. kiknaZis weri-
lis mixedviT, gamokveTilad mniSv-
nelovan sakiTxad warmogvidgeba g.
CubinaSvilis mier SemuSavebuli, qar-
Tuli xuroTmoZRvrebis adgilobriv
niadagze ganviTarebis Teoria _ misi
mosazrebiT, romelic arsebuli Zeg-
lebis zedmiwevniT zust SedarebiT
analizs eyrdnoba, qarTuli qris-
tianuli xuroTmoZRvreba, CvenSi Se-
mosvla-Casaxvis Semdgom, gadis ganvi-
Tarebis srulebiT TviTmyofad gzas,
Tanaziars adgilobriv samSeneblo
codnasa da tradiciasTan6.
imisaTvis, rom Cven mier dasaxelebu-
li punqtebis saerTo sazrisi Seikras,
mogvyavs vrceli citata z. kiknaZis ki-
dev erTi, bolodroindeli werilidan:
„akad. g. CubinaSvilis koncefciis arsi,
romelsac Cvens publikaciebSi ganvi-
xilavdiT, martivia da SemdegSi mdgo-
mareobs: qarTlSi qristianobis damk-
vidrebis Semdeg saeklesio mSenebloba
TviTmyofadi gziT isaxeba da viTarde-
ba. qristianoba, rogorc ucxo da ucno-
bi religia, SiSs hgvris qarTl-kaxeTis
mosaxleobas da abrkolebs mis Sesvlas
eklesiaSi; amitom Sendeba miniaturu-
li zomis samlocveloebi, romlebic
mxolod mRvdels iteven; amasTan es na-
gebobebi martivi formebisa da gaurk-
veveli xasiaTisaa, radgan maTi agebisas
mSenebelni, misabaZi magaliTis uqon-
lobis gamo, iZulebulni arian daeyrd-
non yurmokrul cnobebs saeklesio na-
gebobaTa Sesaxeb, SemoRweuls qarTlSi
5
g. CubinaSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis isto-
ria, t. 1, tf., 1936, gv. 29-30; misive, qarTuli
arqiteqturis gzebi, tf., 1936, gv. 7-10.
6
g. CubinaSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis isto-
ria, gv. 1-30; misive, qarTuli arqiteqturis
gzebi, gv. 7-10.

saqristianos centrebidan. am konce-
fciis Tanaxmad, mxolod gorgaslis
epoqaSi utoldeba saqarTvelo gare
qristianuli samyaros samSeneblo kul-
turis dones da „sxva qveynebTan erTad
monawileobas iRebs qtistianuli do-
gmebis SemuSavebaSi“. amave koncefciis
mixedviT, centralurgumbaTovani Tema
eklesiebisa ganviTarebulia qarTuli
glexuri darbazis tipis Senobisgan da
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis miswrafebe-
bis da tradiciebis gamomxatvelia, am-
denad TviTmyofadia, xolo bazilikuri
tipi iZulebiT aris danergili ofici-
aluri eklesiis mier, radgan ucxoa da
amitom qarTveli mSeneblisaTvis Zne-
lad dasaZlevi“7.
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli
xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebis da-
rgad gardaqmnis urTulesi gza, romlis
safuZvlebic, kidev erTxel vimeorebT,
swored rom g. CubinaSvils ukavSirdeba,
istoriis nawilad iqca. istoriisa, ro-
melic arcTu maincdamainc safuZvlian
braldebebs, zogjer lamisaa ciliswa-
mebis zRvramde misul sjasac moicavs da
romelic qarTuli qristianuli xuroT-
moZRvrebis Tu sazogadod qarTuli
kulturis „swori“, „namdvili“ istoriis
warmoCenis paTosiT xorcieldeboda.
uciloblad aRsaniSnavia yvela is kri-
tikuli werili, romelebic qarTuli xe-
lovnebis istoriis mecnierebis damaar-
seblis mimarT wlebis manZilze ibeW-
deboda, ara mxolod qarTvel, aramed,
ucxoelTa mxridanac, Tumca Cveni naS-
romis farglebSi maTi sruli analizi
da ganxilva verasgziT moxerxdeboda.
amosavali wertili winamdebare naSro-
misa, rogorc iTqva, gaxlavT SedarebiT
gviandeli, 1980-iani wlebidan dawyebu-
li dava g. CubinaSvilisa da misi Semd-
7
z. kiknaZe, Audiatur et altera pars, kadmosi, 6,
2014, gv. 442-443.
49
gomi Taobis xelovnebis istorikosTa
mimarT. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos da arc
urTierTs gamoricxavdes erTi mxriv, g.
CubinaSvilis sicocxleSive, misi samec-
niero moRvaweobis yovel etapze arse-
buli, sxvadasxva saxisa da xasiaTis sir-
Tuleebi, meore mxriv, ki mecnieris gar-
dacvalebis Semdgom gagrZelebuli da
gadasxvaferebuli yovelmxrivi bral-
deba, dadanaSauleba Tu kamaTi. magram
yvela kritikuli werili Tu braldeba,
moyolebuli mecnieris pirveli naSro-
mebidan, dasrulebuli amave suliskve-
Tebis dRevandeli kritikuli narkve-
vebiT, damwerTa nebauneburad erTiani,
gabmuli da arc mTlad orazrovani ten-
denciiT unda iyos nakarnaxevi.
upirvelesad, unda aRiniSnos, rom ana-
lizisas Cveni mTavari aqcenti gakeTde-
ba ara Tavad im problematur sakiTxTa
gamorkvevaze, romlebic werilTa qar-
Tvel avtorebs aqvT wamoyenebuli8, ara-
med upiratesad ganvixilavT werilebSi
warmodgenili msjelobis Tanmimdev-
rulobasa da argumentTa logikurad
gamarTvis Taviseburebas.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom T. mirzaS-
vilisa da z. kiknaZis werilebSi „ras
mogviTxrobs mirianis wigni“ da „kul-
turis istoriis kvlevis meTodebisaT-
vis“, mocemuli mravali problematuri
sakiTxi, saerTo jamSi, arc Tu ise mra-
valferovania da swored im ramdenime,
zemoaRniSnul safuZvelmdebare mosaz-
rebamde daiyvaneba. ase magaliTad, g. Cu-
binaSvilis im mosazrebis sapirispirod,
romlis mixedviTac V saukunis bolomde
saqarTveloSi gegmarebiT-struqtu-
ruli TvalsazrisiT gamarTuli bazi-
likebis mSenebloba ar aris savarau-
debeli, werilis avtorebi asaxeleben
8
Tavad am sakiTxTa Sesaxeb ix. v. beriZe, kv-
lav adreqristianuli xanis qarTuli xu-
roTmoZRvrebis Sesaxeb, mnaTobi, N7, 1986.
50
ramdenime nagebobas, romelTa aSenebis
TariRic unda gamoricxavdes g. Cubi-
naSvilis mocemuli mosazrebis siswo-
res da es Zeglebia: sveticxoveli, ivris
sioni, manglisi, wilkani, atenis sioni
da bolnisis sioni. Tumca aRsaniSnavia,
rom yoveli es Zegli da, ufro metic,
maTTan dakavSirebuli yoveli kerZo
detali Semdgom calkeul problemadaa
warmosaxuli da abzac-abzac ganxilu-
lia mkiTvelze imgvari zemoqmedebis
moxdenis mizniT, TiTqos am nagebobaTa
Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia srule-
biT ar Seesabameba simarTles an ki imave
nagebobaTa Sesaxeb sazogadod arafe-
ria nakvlevi. didwilad mniSvnelovani
am SemTxvevaSi werilis agebis zogadi
principi gaxlavT, romliTac iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom imave g. CubinaSvili-
sa Tu misi „skolis“ sxva warmomadgenle-
bis kvlevebSi auarebel sakiTx-proble-
maTa rigia dasazustebeli, xelmeored
sakvlevi Tu sazogadod uarsayofi, rac
obieqturad, saeWvoa simarTles Seesa-
bamebodes.
jer erTi, g. CubinaSvili, cxadia misive
kvlevis specifikidan gamomdinare, ro-
melic mxolodRa arsebuli Zeglebis sa-
xelovnebaTmcodneo, saistorio da ar-
qeologiur monacemTa Sejerebis safuZ-
velze gulisxmobda nagebobis kvlevas,
verasgziT gamoTqvamda varauds im nage-
bobaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic saimdrood ar
iyo gamovlenili, Tumca imavdroulad
moixsenieboda saistorio wyaroebSi.
kritikuli werilis avtorTa mxridan
nagebobebi matianeSi arsebuli cnobebis
mixedviTaa identificirebuli. g. Cubi-
naSvilisa da misive „skolis“ sxva war-
momadgenlebisTvis ki amdagavrad, daS-
vebebisa da varaudebis doneze kvlevaTa
ganxorcieleba, swored rom meTodo-
logiurad gaxldaT miuRebeli. kvle-
vis dasaxelebuli specifika, gamorCeu-
lad ki, saxelovnebaTmcodneo analizi
Tavad obieqtis arsebobas moiTxovs
uTuod, isic Tu es nageboba, minimaluri
raodenobiT mainc, kvlevisaTvis saWi-
ro informaciis matarebelia. swored
is, rom sxvagvarad warmoudgenelic
iyo da, vfiqrobT, aseve warmoudgene-
lia sadReisodac, gaxda sjisa da davis
mniSvnelovani sababi. kritikuli weri-
lis avtorebi, naSromis ZiriTad nawils
mocemuli Temis ganxilvas uTmoben _ im
mosazrebis kritikis safuZvelze, rom-
lis mixedviTac „qarTveli xelovnebaT-
mcodneebi“ da maT Soris upirvelesad,
raRa Tqma unda, g. CubinaSvili da v. be-
riZe, adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTu-
li taZarTmSeneblobis pirvel nimuS-
Taganad nekresis mcire samlocvelos
miiCnevdnen. amasTanave mniSvnelovania,
rom polemikis safuZvlad iqca mxolo-
dRa IV saukuniT daTariRebuli nagebo-
bebi, nekresis samlocvelo da Weremis
kvadrati _ araviTari, Camoyalibebuli
da ganvrcobili msjeloba g. CubinaSvi-
lisa da v. beriZis mier daTariRebul na-
gebobaTa V saukunis jgufze, kritikul
werilSi araa warmodgenili. umTavresi
mizezebi, romelTa gamoc T. mirzaSvili
da z. kiknaZe ver iReben nekress saekle-
sio nagebobad da miT ufro bazilikad,
gaxlavT nagebobis simcire, gegmarebi-
Ti Taviseburebebi da matianeTa cno-
bebi saimdrood qarTlSi „gaCaRebuli
mSeneblobis“ Sesaxeb. unda aRiniSnos,
rom pirvel mizezad dasaxelebuli na-
gebobis zomebi da masStabebi srulebiT
ar SeiZleba raimegvari msjelobisas
mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli, Tumca
imis gamo, rom swored es sakiTxi gaxda
ormxrivi polemikis erT-erTi mizezi
vecdebiT mokled ganvmartoT misi arsi.
v. beriZe T. mirzaSvilisa da z. kiknaZis
werilis paTosad gansazRvravs Semdeg
debulebebs: „IV saukunis Zeglebi mci-

re ki ara didi zomisa iyo“9; „SenobaTa
simcire maTi Rirsebis Semlaxvelia“10;
„Cven ra sxvaze naklebi viyaviT, sxvebi
Tu did eklesiebs aSenebdnen, CvenSi ra-
tom unda aSenebuliyo patara eklesie-
bi“11. axla ki Zalze mcire amonaridebi
kritikuli werilis avtorTa msjelo-
bidan zoma-masStabis Taobaze, romelic
didwilad teqstualuri manipulaciis
Sedegs warmoadgens: „Tvalis daxamxa-
mebaSi SeiZleboda, magaliTad, Weremis
kvadratis ageba _ cnobilia misi gaba-
ritebi, mSeneblobis teqnika da masala.
amgvar nagebobas 4-5 xelosani 2-3 dReSi
Tavisuflad daasrulebda,“ „...Cven ki
vmsjelobT matianeSi moxseniebul sa-
xelmwifo mniSvnelobis kapitaluri na-
gebobis mSeneblobaze. imasac vambobT,
rom maT agebas mravali mSenebli ramde-
nime aTeul wels andomebda“12. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom g. CubinaSvilis Teoria
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis ganviTre-
bis pirveli fazebis Sesaxeb aq Zalze
gamartivebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili,
ise, TiTqos evoluciis gza mxolodRa
nagebobaTa gabaritebs da maT monac-
vleobas, TanmimdevrobiT zrdas gu-
lisxmobdes. cxadia, didi dakvirveba ar
sWirdeba imas, rom es movlenebi avtor-
Ta mxridan sagangebodaa damcrobili da
gaiolebuli. samwuxarod, amdagvarad
gaazrebul da gadasxvaferebul sakiTx-
Ta wre arc Tu mcirea.
axla mogviwevs SevexoT kritikuli
gansjis kidev erT arguments _ arqeo-
logias. radganac kamaTi g. CubinaSvi-
lis im mosazrebazea, romlis mixedvi-
Tac struqturulad Camoyalibebuli
9
v. beriZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 147.
10
v. beriZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 152.
11
v. beriZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 155.
12
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, kulturis isto-
riis kvlevis meTodebisaTvis, kritika, N2,
Tb., 1987, gv. 82.
51
da ganviTarebuli bazilikebi qarTul
saeklesio aRmSeneblobaSi V saukuneze
adere ar unda iyos savaraudebeli, is
nagebobebi, romelTa arqeologiur mo-
nacemebzec msjeloben T. mirzaSvili
da z. kiknaZe, maT mierve swored IV da V
saukunis I naxevriTaa gansazRvruli.
amjerad, uciloblad aRsaniSnavia, rom
argumentaciis saxecvla da ZeglTa ma-
TariRebel komponentad arqeologiur
monacemTa Semoyvana, nacvlad matianeTa
cnobebisa, romlebic metwilad, Sesa-
bamis obieqtTa verdadasturebis gamo,
Teoriuli msjelobis sagnadRa rCeba,
mxolodRa keTilad aRsaniSnia, magram
istoriuli monacemebi arc am SemTxve-
vaSia daTmobili. amrigad, mimovixiloT
arqeologiuri samuSaoebis Sedegebi,
romelTa Sesaxebac T. mirzaSvili da z.
kiknaZe aRniSnaven: „Zeglebis arqeolo-
giurma kvlevam ar daadastura akad. g.
CubinaSvilis varaudebi (sveticxoveli,
ivris sioni, manglisi, wilkani, atenis
sioni, bolnisi da sxv.). amave dros, yvela
SemTxvevaSi, matianeTa cnobebi poulob-
da materialur dasabuTebas“13. msjelo-
bis TanmimdevrulobiT ise gamodis, rom
„matianeTa cnobebi“ yovlad upiratesi
mniSvnelobisaa, Tundac saqme saxelo-
vnebaTmcodneo an ki arqeologiur mo-
nacemebs exebodes. amas maT mier dasaxe-
lebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sesa-
xeb moxmobili monacemebic warmoaCens.
pirveli nageboba, romlis arqeologiu-
ri gaTxrebis monacemebzec gvxvdeba
saubari werilis dasawyvisSi, sveticxo-
veli gaxlavT, sadac arqeologiuri
kvleva 1968-1971 wlebSi ganxorcielda
da romlis Sedegebsa Tu masalebze obie-
qturi msjeloba srulad, sadReisodac
SeuZlebelia14. avtorebi Tavad aRniSna-
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 71.
13
mniSvnelovania aseve isic, rom Semdgom-
14
droindeli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Se-
52
ven: „...es aris am masalis erTaderTi, Ta-
nac arasrulfasovani publikacia“-o _
igulisxmeba r. mefisaSvilisa da v. cin-
caZis wigni15. amis Semdgom vxvdebiT uc-
naur daskvnas: „sveticxovlis kvlevam
gaaqarwyla evoluciis Teoriis amosa-
vali debuleba imis Taobaze, rom pir-
velagebuli taZari „metad mcire tanis
iyo.“ (g. CubinaSvili, qarTuli xelovne-
bis istoria, 24.)16. Tavdapirvelad unda
aRvniSnoT, rom g. CubinaSvilis wignis
miTiTebuli gverdis konteqsti srule-
biT Secvlilia, radgan teqstSi naTqva-
mia: „taZris pirvandeli Senobebi, ro-
gorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, metad mci-
re tanisani iyvnen da male maT nacvlad
an sxvebi aages, an gadaakeTes; amitom ase
cotaa darCenili pirvandeli taZrebi.“
rogorc vxedavT, aq saubari sazogadod
pirvelqritianuli taZrebis Sesaxebaa
da araviTari xseneba konkretulad sve-
ticxovlis nagebobisa araa, rogorc es
kritikuli werilis avtorTa teqstSia
warmodgenili. TumcaRa, srulebiT ga-
sagebia, Tu ras gulisxmobs z. kiknaZi-
sa da T. mirzaSvilis mier gamoTqmuli
mosazreba, magram gansxvavebiT 1980-
iani wlebisgan, sadReisod namdvilad
gansazRvrulia sveticxovlis qveda
fenis, im gegmarebis nagebobis TariRi,
romelic r. mefisaSvilisa da v. cinca-
Zis wignSia warmodgenili da es gaxlavT
vaxtang gorgaslis aRmSeneblobis nawi-
lad miCneuli, swored V saukunis bolo
periodiT daTariRebuli didi, samna-
viani, bazilika. amrigad, sveticxovelis
kvlevis veraviTari Sedegi ver aRmoCn-
degebic ki CvenTvis arafrismTqmeli aR-
moCnda, im mizezisda gamo, rom saTanadod
damuSavebuli saxiT isini dRemde araa ga-
moqveynebuli. amdenad, CvenTvis sadReiso-
dac bundovania sveticxovlis qveda SreTa
arsebiTad mniSvnelovani monacemebi.
15
R. Mepisachwili, W. Zinzadze, Die Kunst des alten
Georgien, Leipzig, 1977.
16
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 7
da im myari argumentaciis matarebeli,
romelsac SeiZleboda „gaeqarwylebina“
g. CubinaSvilis varaudebi. aRsaniSna-
via wilknis taZari, romlis arqeolo-
giuri Ziebanic n. CubinaSvils ukavSir-
deba. avtorebi Tavad aRniSnaven, rom:
„gamovlenili masalidan mxolod sami
reliefis fotoa dabeWdili, rogorc
paraleluri masala17. amrigad, gamodis,
rom arqeologiuri masalis arasrul-
fasovnad warmodgenisa Tu gamovle-
nis gamo, SeuZlebeli iqneboda raime
mtkicebiTi formiT msjeloba winam-
debare nagebobis qveda fenebis zusti
gegmarebiTi Taviseburebebisa Tu misi
daTariRebis Sesaxeb. Cven aRar SevCer-
debiT b. mWedliSvilis, z. kiknaZisa da T.
mirzaSvilis erTobliv statiaze „aman
aRaSena eklesia wilknisa“18, sadac saqme
kvlav werilobiT cnobaTa „saxelmZRva-
nelod“ warmodgenis principTan gvaqvs.
amasTan dakavSirebiT v. beriZec aRniS-
navs: „taZris aSenebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva
istoriuli cnobebi ewinaaRmdegeba
erTmaneTs“19. realurad, verc arqeo-
logiuri da verc istoriuli wyaroe-
bis monacemebi iZleva wilknis eklesiis
droiTi CarCos IV saukunis Sua wlebiT
gansazRvris SesaZleblobas, rogorc es
werilis avtorebs aqvT warmodgenili:
„magram kidevac rom verwmunoT akad. v.
beriZes da es minaSeni CavTvaloT IV sau-
kunis Sua wlebis eklesiad, evoluciis
ganviTarebis Teoriisgan araferi rCe-
ba...20. vfiqrobT, rom TavisTavad taZris
TariRis amdagvarad gansazRvrac arc
mTlad gasagebi gaxlavT, Tanac im gare-
moebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom erTaderT
17
n. CubinaSvili, xandisi, Tb., 1972, tab. 36,
41.
18
b. mWedliSvili, z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili,
„aman aRaSena eklesia wilknisa“, gaz.
axalgazrda komunisti, 1984, 4, II.
19
v. beriZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 137.
20
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.
73.

maprovocireblad, am SemTxvevaSi, mati-
aneTa, isic urTierTsapirispiro cno-
bebi warmogvidgeba. mtkiceba imisa, rom
IV saukuneSi da V saukunis pirvel naxe-
varSi qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi SeimC-
neva didi, gamarTuli struqturisa da
Camoyalibebuli gegmarebis nagebobaTa
mSenebloba, im nagebobis arqeologiuri
Ziebebis SedegebiT grZeldeba, romel-
Sic realurad taZris garSemoa aRmoCe-
nili citadelisa da sxva, gaurkveveli,
naSTebis kvali da ara Tavad nagebobis
qveS. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba atenis
sionis arqeologiuri kvleva, romelic
1984 wels Catarda g. abramiSvilis mier.
werilSi moyvanilia citata misive mo-
xsenebidan: „atenis sionis fasadebis
irgvliv sadazvervo-arqeologiurma
gaTxrebma gamoavlina VII saukunis ta-
Zarze adreuli xanis kedlis naSTebi da
svetis ori baza.“ da Semdeg: „arqeolo-
giuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili
Zveli nagebobis naSTebi, misi arqite-
qturuli elementebi da cxadia, TviT
substruqciac, romelzedac aRumar-
TavT es Tavdapirveli nageboba, aq VII
saukuneze adreuli taZris arsebobaze
migvaniSnebs“21. rogorc vxvdebiT, Tavad
arqeologiuri samuSaoebis xelmZRva-
neli, g. abramiSvili, araviTar konkre-
tul TariRzec ki ar saubrobs. mogvia-
no naSromSi atenis sionis qveS mopo-
vebuli naSTebi man bolnisis sionis da
gorgasliseuli sveticxovlis gverdiT
moaqcia22. areologiuri kvlevebis Sede-
gad gamovlenili kidev erTi nageboba,
romelic kritikuli werilis avtorTa
SexedulebiT, g. CubinaSvilis mosaz-
rebaTa siswores ver unda adastureb-
des, ivris sioni gaxlavT. am nagebobaze
Catarebuli aqreologiuri gaTxrebis
21
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 73.
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 73.
22
g. abramiSvili, atenis sioni, Tb., 2012. gv.
33-34.
53
Sesaxeb T. mirzaSvilsa da z. kiknaZes
Tavad g. CubinaSvilis citata aqvT mox-
mobili,23 romlis mixedviTac dgindeba,
rom mkvlevarma nagebobis daTariRe-
ba am samuSaoebis Sedegad gamovleni-
li masalis safuZvelze ganaxorciela.
ivris sionTan dakavSirebiT avtorebs
r. ramiSvilis mosazrebasc mohyavT, ro-
melic nagebobas V saukunis II naxevriT
aTariRebs24. mokled aRvniSnavT, rom
TariRis amdagavarad gansazRvra, aseTi
daTariReba, raoden sarwmunoc ar unda
iyos is, verasgziT ewinaaRmdegeba g. Cu-
binaSvilis mosazrebas, imis Sesaxeb rom
gamarTuli struqturis mqone didi ba-
zilikebis arseboba V saukunis bolomde
ar unda iyos savaraudebeli. Tumca, maT
mierve damowmebuli avtoris, eqspedi-
ciis xelmZRvanelis, r. ramiSvilis da-
TariRebas T. mirzaSvili da z. kiknaZe
eWvqveS ayeneben: „Tumca ar arsebobda
araviTari obieqturi dabrkoleba imis-
Tvis, rom Zeglis ageba erwo-TianeTSi
wm. ninos moRvaweobis xanas dakavSi-
reboda“25. anu Zeglis arqeologiu-
rad Seswavlac ver aRmoCnda sakmarisi
mizezi saimisod, rom ar momxdariyo misi
erTi saukuniT daZvelebis mcdeloba,
Tanac mxolodRa istoriuli wyaroebis
safuZvelze warmoqmnili mosazrebebis
safuZvelze. ivris sionTan dakavSire-
biT werilSi kidev erTi, i. ciciSvilis
Sexedulebaa moxmobili _ nagebobis Se-
saZlo, xazs vusvamT, „SesaZlo“ TariRad
is zogadad, adreqristianul epoqas va-
raudobda. amrigad, gamodis, rom verc
ivris sionis monacemTa raimegvari ana-
lizis safuZvelze dgindeba g. CubinaS-
vilis, ukve mravaljer xsenebul, varau-
dTa mcdaroba.
23
Г. Чубинашвили, Архитектура Кахетии, Тб.,
1959, gv. 132.
24
r. ramiSvili, ivris xeobis arqeologiuri
Zeglebi, sioni, Tb., 1970, gv. 54.
25
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 74.
54
msjelobis amave rigs ganekuTvneba mang-
lisis taZris arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
Sedegebze miTiTebac, romlis dastu-
radac werilis avtorebs m. dvalis Sem-
degi sityvebi mohyavT: „arqiteqturis
sammarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis komite-
tis davalebiT, 1956 wels... Zeglze ga-
viyvaneT ramdenime Surfi da zondaJi
Zeglis dazianebisa da sxva saintereso
sakiTxebis dasadgenad“26. Tavis mxriv, aq
aRsaniSnavia, rom „ramdenime Surfi da
zondaJi“ Zeglis saZirkvlis qveS arse-
buli informaciis zusti dadgenisTvis
sakmarisi srulebiT araa, Tumca esec
rom ara, TavisTavad taZris oqtogo-
nuri baza, romelsac T. mirzaSvili da
z. kiknaZe asaxeleben, araa zustad ga-
mokvleuli da daTariRebuli. amasTa-
nave, am nagebobis Sesaxeb arsebuli in-
formacia ver iZleva TariRis zustad
gansazRvris safuZvels. arqeologiur
ZiebaTa Sesaxeb avtorebs dasaxelebuli
aqvT kidev erTi da am mxriv ukanaskneli
sakiTxi _ arqeologiuri kvlevebi nas-
takisis velze: „akad. v. beriZis azriT,
„aseTi gaTxrebi ar yofila“ Cvens mier
moxseniebul nastakisis velze da isto-
riuli nekresis teritoriaze. am obie-
qtebze arqeologiuri Ziebani kvlavac
mimdinareobs da sadReisod mopovebu-
li uxvi arqeologiuri masala adastu-
rebs matianeTa cnobebis utyuarobas.“
Tumca am citatis amxsnel-ganmmarte-
beli sxva raime mosazreba winamdebare
werilSi ukve aRar aris warmodgenili.
Sesabamisad, verc nastakis-nekresis ar-
qeologiuri monacemebisa da miT ufro
Zeglebis Sesaxeb vimsjelebT, romelTa
daTariRebamac realurad unda Secva-
los g. CubinaSvilis mier SemuSavebu-
li koncefciis erTi nawili _ V s-is
bolomde, pirobiTad rom vTqvaT, „didi
bazilikebis“ kvalis ararsebobaze.
26
m. dvali, manglisi, Tb., 1974. gv. 15.
realurad aRmoCnda, rom verc arqeo-
logiuri masalebi da verc matianeTa
cnobebi iZleva myar, argumentirebul
masalas, romlis mixedviTac SesaZle-
beli iqneba qarTuli xuroTmoZRvre-
bis Sesaxeb g. CubinaSvilis mier wlebis
manZilze Camoyalibebuli, safuZvliani
da siRrmiseuli kvlevebis gabaTileba.
Cven mier dasaxelebuli sami ZiriTadi
cnebidan Tu debulebidan, romlis uku-
gdebiTac T. mirzaSvili da z. kiknaZe
cdiloben g. CubinaSvilis TeoriaTa ua-
ryofasa da am mosazrebaTa usafuZvlo-
bis damtkicebas, umTavresTagani qar-
Tuli xuroTmoZRvrebis adgilobriv
niadagze ganviTarebis sakiTxi gaxlavT.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, werilis avtorTa
mier SemoTavazebul msjelobaSi ram-
denime monakveTs vxvdebiT. erT adgi-
las warmodgenilia v. beriZis werilis
nawyveti, sadac igi wers: „... g. CubinaSvi-
li... gviCvenebs, rom nekresis eklesia...
ganviTarebis adreul safexurze dgas,
roca SeTvisebulia mxolod garegnuli
mxare tipisa, xolo sxva arsebiTi ele-
mentebi jer kidev ara. dasrulebuli
saxis bazilikamde jer kidev gasavleli
iyo Ziebis gza“27. am abzacis gaazreba ki
ukve avtorTa mier Semdegi saxiT warmo-
gvidgeba: „aq cxadad aris gamoTqmuli
xelovnebis istorikosTa mier aCemebu-
li Tvalsazrisi qristianuli xuroT-
moZRvrebis adgilobriv niadagze Casa-
xvisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. saqme isea
warmodgenili, TiTqos CvenSi ar arse-
bobda arc samSeneblo kultura da arc
xuroTmoZRvari, romelsac normaluri
bazilikis Tu sxva tipis Senobis ageba
SeeZlo; mSeneblis araprofesionalizmi
TiTqos iqidanac Cans, rom igi ver wvde-
ba Senobis „arsebiT elementebs“, es ki
mxolod imas niSnavs, rom adgilobrivi
ostati agebs Senobas, romlis arsi mis-
27
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 85.

Tvis miuwvdomelia, e. i. aSenebs brmad,
gaucnobiereblad“28. T. mirzaSvilis da
z. kiknaZis mier warmodgenili viTare-
biT iseTi STabeWileba iqmneba TiTqos
g. CubinaSvili da v. beriZe mocemuli
drois qarTvel mSeneblebs da maT So-
ris nekresis mSenebel ostats yovlad
gauwafavad da ucodinrad saxaven, amis
sapirwoned ki, vfiqrobT, Tavad werilis
avtorebs gamosdiT araTanmimdevru-
li teqstualuri manipulacia, radgan
Znelia aRniSnuli mosazrebis mwyobri
logikuri xazi gamoikveTos, roca imave
avtorebis mieraa gamoTqmuli mosazre-
ba, romlis mixedviTac nekresis maSeneb-
lis „kvalifikaciis“ ukve sxvagvar in-
terpretacias vxvdebiT: „am mSenebelze
verc imas vityviT, rom mis mier „SeTvi-
sebulia mxolod garegnuli mxare tipi-
sa“, _ rogor SeiZleba Senoba, romelsac
akad. v. beriZis sityviT, „sigane meti
aqvs sigrZeze“, _ garegnulad hgavdes
bazilikas.“ Tuki asea, maSin gamodis,
rom imas, rasac kritikuli werilis av-
torebi g. CubinaSvilsa da v. beriZes
„uwuneben“, Tavadac ara mxolod eTanx-
mebian, aramed, ufro Rrmadac midian da
nekreseli ostatis naxelavs bazili-
kurobis garegnul maxasiaTeblebsac
ki ukargaven, ris mixedviTac gamodis,
rom nekresis maSeneblis sazogadod ve-
raviTar samSeneblo gawafulobaze ver
visaubrebT, rac aseve arcTu ueWvelad
unda Seesabamebodes simarTles. Tavis-
Tavad isic calke sjis sagania Tu ram-
denad logikuria T. mirzaSvilis da z.
kiknaZis mier moxmobili v. beriZis ci-
tatis, konkretuli sakiTxebis inerpre-
tacia, maT Soris ramdenime mosazreba:
„aq cxadad aris gamoTqmuli xelovnebis
istorikosTa mier aCemebuli Tvalsa-
zrisi qristianuli xuroTmoZRvrebis
adgilobriv niadagze Casaxvisa da gan-
viTarebis Sesaxeb.“ xsenebuli „aCeme-
28
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 85.
55
buli Tvalsazrisi“, cxadia, g. CubinaS-
vils ekuTvnis da amave Sexedulebas v.
beriZec iziarebs, magram aqve isic unda
aRiniSnos, rom amgvari mosazrebis amo-
kiTxva v. beriZis zemoT moyvanil cita-
taSi SeuZlebeli gveCveneba. esec rom
ara, mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
g. CubinaSvils bevrad vrceli da koml-
peqsuri msjeloba aqvs warmodgenili,
vidre es SeiZleba romelime, amdagva-
rad moxmobil, amonaridSi warmoisaxos.
vfiqrobT, v. beriZis moxmobil cita-
taSi rTulad Tu amoikiTxeba avtorTa
mier interpretirebuli mosazreba sa-
qarTveloSi samSeneblo kulturisa da
xuroTmoZRvris ararsebobis, nekresis
mSeneblis „araprofesionalizmis“ Tu
mis mier nagebobis arsis verwvdomis,
„brmad“ da „gaucnobiereblad“ Senebis
Sesaxeb. Tu dasrulebuli saxis bazili-
kamde kidev iyo gasavleli ganviTarebis
garkveuli fazebi, vfiqrobT, es araa Ta-
natoli cneba im mosazrebisa, rom CvenSi
ar arsebobda araviTari xuroTmoZRv-
ruli codna Tu kultura. g. CubinaSvi-
lisa da v. beriZis moxmobili mosazrebi-
dan verasgziT gamoiyvaneba „brmad“ da
„gaucnobiereblad“ Senebis Teoriac _
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sruliadac piru-
ku, Ziebisa da fiqris, adgilobriv sam-
Seneblo tradiciasa da kulturasTan
ziarebis Sedegma warmoSva bazilikuri
tipis garkveuli elementebis naklo-
vanebac da misi, garegnuli saxiT mainc,
arsebobac.
sazogadodac unda iTqvas, rom xelo-
vnebis nebismieri dargi da maT Soris,
cxadia, xuroTmoZRvreba an ki misi ro-
melime calkeuli tipi, ganicdis da ga-
dis ganviTarebis garkveul safexureb-
riv gzas, romlis msvlelobis droiTi
CarCoc xSirad saukuneTa farglebSic
eqceva. miuxedavad ganviTarebis Tu
evoluciis Teoriis mowinaaTmdege-
Ta mravali mosazrebisa, rTulad war-
56
mosadgeni gveCveneba raime xuroTmoZR-
vruli tipis Tu formis arseboba, ro-
melic droSi ar iyos ganviTarebuli.
es im SemTxvevazec iTqmis, rodesac sja
romelime ganviTarebuli kulturis-
gan dasesxebis SemTxveves Seexeba. ase-
Ti ki, qristianuli kulturisTvis, miT
ufro ki CvenTvis, anu wyaro erTgavri
ganviTarebulobisa Tu dasasesxeblad
sworebisa, aRmosavleTqristianuli sa-
myaro gaxlavT, bizantiis saxelwodeba-
Si gaerTianebuli, romlis gamocdile-
baSic, cxadia, winamdebare kulturaTa
ganvlili gzac unda vigulisxmoT da ase
albaT usasrulod, vidre xuroTmoZRv-
ruli monafiqris pirvelmcdelobamde.
Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom bizan-
tiur samyarosTan uTuo kavSirSi myofi
da, iqneb, misi nawilebic ki, somxeTi da
saqarTvelo, qmnian maTi kulturisa da
erovnuli xuroTmoZRvruli tradicii-
saTvis saxasiaTo taZarTmSeneblobas
iseve, rogorc bizantiis imperiaSi Sema-
vali sxva qveynebi da calkeuli kultu-
rebi. es, erTi SexedviT, kulturis isto-
riis ganviTarebis swored rom „anbanur
WeSmaritebamde“ dasuli mocemuloba,
„ratomRac“ srulebiT miuRebeli Sei-
qna winamdebare werilis avtorTaTvis.
TavisTavad g. CubinaSvili saqarTvelos
adreuli periodis kulturis sferoSi
mimdinare „samezoblo“ urTierToba-
Ta Sesaxeb srulebiT araorazrovnad
SeniSnavs: „rogorc bunebrivia yvelas-
Tvis, arc erTs kulturul saxelmwifos
ar SeuZlia sxvebisagan ganmartoebuli
cxovreba, piriqiT, sakuTari kultu-
ruli donis asamaRleblad mas sWirdeba
sxva saxelmwifoebTan cxoveli kavSiris
gabma da kulturul RirebulebaTa gac-
vla-gamocvlis warmoeba. am mxriv saqar-
Tvelo gansakuTrebul pirobebSi imyo-
feboda. misi geografiuli mdebareoba
da aqedan gamomdinare ekonomikuri da
politikuri interesebi sxvadasxva sa-
xelmwifosi Zalze xels uwyobda mis
aremareSi kulturul RirebulebaTa
garedan mozRvavebas“29. mocemuli ci-
tatidanac da sazogadod g. Cubinasvi-
lis kvlevebidanac naTlad Cans, rom
mecnieri adreqristianuli epoqis qar-
Tuli kulturis ganviTarebas, iseve,
rogorc winaqristianulisas, swored
mowinave-civilizebuli qveynebis wres-
Tan TanakavSiris uTuo sauZvelze xe-
davs. aq sakiTxavia mxolodRa Tu ra in-
tensivobiT, ragvari damokidebulebiTa
da rogori masStabiT xorcieldeboda
imave ganviTarebuli, kulturis maRal
doneze myofi saxelmwifoebidan xelo-
vnebis ama Tu im dargis miRwevaTa miRe-
ba-gaTaviseba.
v. beriZe mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSire-
biT msjelobisas xsnis Tu rogor war-
moudgeniaT qarTvel xelovnebis isto-
rikosT imJamindeli qarTuli sazoga-
doebis kulturuli ganviTarebis mdgo-
mareoba da rogor saxaven isini „...xalxs
_ Semoqmeds, sakuTari saxis SenarCune-
bisaTvis mebrZols sulier cxovrebaSi,
xalxs, msoflio civilizaciaTan nazia-
rebs, magram imisTvis mzrunvels, rom am
civilizaciis farglebSi sakuTari saxe
SinarCunos da sakuTari adgili daiWi-
ros30. vfiqrobT, arc qarTuli kultu-
risa da konkretulad xuroTmoZRv-
reuli ganviTarebis dasaxelebuli mo-
deli unda iyos warmoudgeneli da, miT
ufro, arasasurveli, magram am azrsac
gamouCnda kritikuli mosazreba weri-
lis avtorTa mxridan: „rogor SeiZleba
CavTvaloT „msoflio civilizaciasTan
naziarebad“ is xalxi, romelic saku-
Tari ZalebiT iwyebs imis Seqmnas, rac
ukve Seqmnili da Camoyalibebulia ci-
vilizebul msoflioSi“31. aq ki, Zalze
29
g. CubinaSvili, qarTuli arqiteqturis
gzebi, gv. 8.
30
v. beriZe, kvlav adreqristianuli xanis
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Sesaxeb, gv. 155.
31
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili. dasax. naSr., gv. 86.

sainteresoa Tu rogor warmoudgeniaT
z. kiknaZesa da T. mirzaSvils im sazo-
gadoebis kulturuli ganviTarebis
done, romelic yovelgvari gaazrebis
gareSe, srulebiT erTi-erTSi imeorebs
misi mezobeli saxelmwifoebis ama Tu im
dargSi arsebul miRwevebs, yovelgvari
gadamuSavebisa da adgilobriv, sauku-
novan, tradiciasTan SeuTanadeblad
da SeuTavseblad iRebs da amkvidrebs
xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis misTvis
ucxo modelebs. vfiqrobT, ganviTare-
bis TvalsazrisiT, gacilebiT soli-
duri saxis matareblad warmogvidgeba
sazogadoeba, eri Tu romelime kultu-
ra, romelic sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi
tradiciebis Sevseba-gansrulebis miz-
niT, esesxeba ganviTarebuli saxelmwi-
foebis ama Tu im miRwevas da mas saku-
Tar gamocdilebas, saukuneTa manZilze
arsebul „naSens“ matebs. gansakuTre-
bulad rTulad warmogvidgeba viTare-
ba, rodesac saqme religias da saekle-
sio xelovnebas Seexeba, miT umetes Tu
es religia axalia, axlad Semosuli da
damkvidrebuli _ gansxvavebuli rwme-
na-warmodgenebiT samyaroze, srulebiT
axleburi wes-CveulebebiTa da dogma-
tikiT, axleburive wesebiTa da moTxo-
vnebiT samSeneblo xelovnebis mimarT.
Cveni SexedulebiT, es Tema imdenad siR-
rmiseul da dakonkretebiT msjelobas
moiTxovs, Zalze arsebiTi konkretu-
li istoriul-kulturuli detalebis
analiziT, rom ase zogadad ganxilva ar
unda iyos raime xelCasaWidi daskvnis
momcemi. xolo, rac Seexeba, kritikuli
werilis avtorTa mxridan gamarTul
ritorikul msjelobas, TiTqos g. Cu-
binaSvilisa da v. beriZis mier sakiTxTa
gaazrebiT gamodis, rom „es xalxi aR-
moCndeba im veluri tomis mdgomareoba-
Si, romelic eleqtronis epoqaSi xaxu-
niT cdilobs cecxlis mopovebas32 an ki
32
iqve.
57
Semdegi: „aqamde anbanur WeSamritebad
migvaCnia is, rom yvela droSi mowina-
ve ideebisa da kulturuli monapovris
SemTvisebeli da matarebeli iyo amisaT-
vis Semzadebuli, ganswavluli, Semoqme-
di sazogadoeba“33, namdvilad ar Seesa-
bameba sinamdviles. srulebiT Tvalsa-
Cinoa da cxadia is garemoeba, rom winam-
debare ritorikas araferi aqvs saerTo
realobasTan da arc Tundac samecniero
polemikis im aqtiur problemebTan, ro-
melTa Sesaxebac avtorTa mier warmod-
genil werilSia saubari. Tuki werilSi
mocemul msjelobas aseT ganzogadebiT
xasiaTs, erTsadaimave Temaze apelire-
bas da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, braldebas Ca-
movaSorebT, SesaZlebeli gaxdeba uSu-
alod problematuri sakiTxebis arsze
gasvlac. qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis
adgilobriv niadagze ganviTarebis ze-
moT xsenebuli mosazrebisa da ganxilu-
li sakiTxis kidev erT nawils warmoad-
gens qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi, maT
Soris „qarTlis cxovrebaSi“, arsebuli
cnobebi qarTlSi bizantiis imperato-
ris mier gamogzavnili mSeneblebis Se-
saxeb. am saistorio sabuTTa wakiTxvis
safuZvelze da maTSi moxseniebuli
konkretuli istoriuli punqtebis sa-
xelwodebebze dayrdnobiT, vimeorebT
_ punqtebisa, radgan adgilmdebareobis
dasaxeleba yoveTvis rodi gulisxmobs
iq amJamad arsebul ZeglTa Tavdapir-
velobasa da avTenturobas, xorciel-
deba g. CubinaSvilis Teoriis kritika.
werilis avtorebs mohyavT amonaridi
v. beriZis werilidan, sadac saubari
swored saqarTveloSi berZen ostatTa
moRvaweobis sakiTxs exeba: „berZen os-
tatebs, Tu isini marTlac Camovidnen,
swored ar daunergavT kanonebi“34; Sem-
deg: „amgvarad, rogorc ar unda ecadon
avtorebi, darCenili Zeglebi mowmobs,
33
iqve.
34
iqve, gv. 96.
58
rom konstantines mSenebelTa naRvawis
realuri kvali arsad Cans“35, da iqve: „ma-
salis analizma g. CubinaSvili da qarT-
veli „xelovnebis istorikosebi“ daarw-
muna, rom araviTari kvali konstantines
mier gamogzavnil ostatTagan agebuli
arc Senobisa da arc gavlenisa qarTul
sinamdvileSi ar Cans“36. moxmobili ci-
tatebidanac Cans, Tu raoden qaoturi
saxiTaa warmodgenili v. beriZis mosa-
zrebebi kritikuli werilis avtroTa
mier, Tumca isic uTuod unda SevniS-
noT, rom v. beriZe ar uaryofs qarTlSi
konstantines mSenebelTa Camosvlisa
da moRvaweobis sakiTxs, aramed amodis
realobidan da maTi mSeneblobis kvalis
daudastureblobis gamo, aRar gamoT-
qvams hipoTetur mosazrebebs, Tu rome-
li Zeglebi SeiZleba yofiliyo konkre-
tulad maT mier agebuli. amis sapiris-
pirod ki, berZen ostatTa aucilebeli
saqmianobis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: „...maTi
amocana iyo qarTlSi saeklesio mSe-
neblobis upirveles moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofileba37. amasTanave: „sruliad
daujerebelia, rom berZnebs manglisSi
da sxva adgilebSiac eSenebinaT oqto-
gonebi da ara bazilikebi _ isini xom
Cveulebriv eklesiebs aSenebdnen da ara
martiriumebsa da mavzoleumebs“38. da
kidev erTi monakveTi, sadac srulebiT
calsaxad irkveva winamdebare sakiTx-
Tan dakavSirebiT v. beriZis pozicia da
mosazreba: „Cven ar viciT, rogori unda
yofiliyo es eklesiebi, Cvenamdis arc
erTs ar mouRwevia“39.
amrigad, istoriul wyaroebze dayrd-
nobiT, varaudebi saqarTveloSi bizan-
tiel ostatTa naxelavis Taobaze, Ta-
35
iqve.
36
iqve.
37
v. beriZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 142.
38
iqve, gv. 141.
39
iqve, gv. 143.
vad nagebobaTa verdadasturebis gamo,
rogorc vxedavT, gaumarTlebelia, rac
TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom werilis
avtorTa mxridan g. CubinaSvilis Teo-
riaTa mcdarobaze saubari araa adeqva-
turi. is garemoeba, rom g. CubinaSvili
da Semdgom misi skolis sxva warmomad-
genlebi, „xelovnebis istorikosebi“,
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis adreuli
periodis ganviTarebas adgilobriv nia-
dagze varaudoben, usafuZvlo srulia-
dac ar yofila. mniSvnelovania aRiniS-
nos, rom istoriul wyaroebSi moxse-
niebuli berZeni ostatebi, romlebic
mirian mefis TxovniT gamowveuli iyvnen
imperator konstantinesgan, cxadia, iq-
nebodnen da qarTlis saeklesio aRmSe-
neblobaSi garkveul Tanamonawileoba-
sac miiRebdnen, Tumca arc im realobis
gauTvaliswinebloba SeiZleba, romel-
sac sadReisod maTi aRmSeneblobis rai-
me konkretuli monacemebis mqone Zeg-
lis verdadastureba warmoqmnis.
qarTlSi berZen ostatTa moRvaweo-
bis kvalis dadasturebis da amdenad,
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis adgilob-
riv niadagze ganviTarebis sapirispiro
mosazrebis dasabuTebis mizniT, weri-
lis avrorebi kidev erT ambavs imow-
meben: „Tu gaviziarebT akad. v. beriZis
skeptikur damokidebulebas matianis am
cnobisadmi (“Tu isini marTlac Camovid-
nen...“), „raRa vuyoT“ 1938 wels mcxeTaSi,
samTavros samarovanze arqeologiuri
gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenil berZnu-
lenovan epitafias, romelic gvauwyebs:
„avreli aqolisi, mxatvarTuxucesi
da xuroTmoZRvari, aq ganvisveneb Cem
meuRle bevrazuriasTan erTad...“40 am
40
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.
98. teqstSi mocemuli warwera IV saukuniT
TariRdeba. ix. s. yauxCiSvili, mcxeTa-sam-
Tavros axladaRmoCenili berZnuli warwe-
ra, saqarTvelos ssr mecn. akad. moambe, t. IV,
N 6, 1943, gv. 577-584.

sakiTxTan dakavSirebul msjelobaSi
werilis avtorebi kidev ufro Rrmad mi-
dian da nekresis bazilikisa da Weremis
mcire samlocvelos Sesaxeb gamoTqmul
mosazrebas Semdegi saxiT agrZeleben:
„Tu es primitiuli da mxatvrulad Ca-
mouyalibebeli da moumwifebeli Seno-
bebi IV s-is „cocxali, realuri Zegle-
bia“, maSin araviTar avrelis aqoliss,
mxatvarTuxucessa da xuroTmoZRvars
ar ucxovria IV s-is qarTlSi, an Tavad
es xarisxebia araTu „bevrismTqmeli“,
aramed arafrismTqmeli“41. am mosazre-
bis gagrZelebad ki vRebulobT Semdeg
daskvnas: „mTels evoluciur Teorias
safuZveliTurT angrevs am epitafiis
masStaburi gaazreba, romelic mocemu-
lia ara xelovnebis istorikosis, ara-
med wyaroTmcodnisa da epigrafikosis
naSromSi...“42 am „masStaburi“ gaazrebis
nimuSad ki avtorebs mohyavT T. yauxCiS-
vilis Semdegi sityvebi: „es garemoeba
(rom IV-V saukuneebisaTvis saqarTve-
loSi „mxatvarTuxucesis“ Tanamdeboba
arsebobs) farTo perspeqtivas usaxavs
xelovnebaTmcodneT: IV-V ss-Si saqar-
TveloSi ganviTarebulia mSenebloba
(termini arqiteqton), mxatvroba, Cans,
aris xelovan-xelosanTa brigadebi da
arseboben maTi ufrosebi – arqizogra-
febi“43. cxadia, ukanasknel citataze
raimes Tqma da miT ufro misi kritika ar
iqneba upriani, Tumca am amonaridis kon-
teqsti srulebiT gansxvavebulia. unda
iTqvas, rom avrelis aqolisis, rogorc
„mxatvarTuxucesis“ arseboba srule-
biT araa warmoudgeneli movlena da maT
Soris arc Tavad v. beriZisTvis, romel-
sac igi moxseniebulic ki hyavs naSrom-
41
z. kiknaZe, T. mirzaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv.
99.
42
iqve, gv. 100.
43
iqve, gv. 100. warmodgenili amonaridis-
Tvis ix., T. yauxCiSvili, berZnuli warwere-
bi saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1952, gv. 256.
59
Si44. vfiqrobT, aq gaugebari kvlavac is
garemoebaa, rom berZeni ostatis naxe-
lavi arsadaa mikvleuli da miT ufro,
im viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rodesac
ara mxolod „mxatvarTuxucesi“ arse-
bobs, aramed, „xelovan-xelosanTa bri-
gadebic.“
aqve unda davZinoT rom z. kiknaZisa da
T. mirzaSvilis mier dasaxelebul nage-
bobaTa jgufTan, iseve rogorc qarTu-
li xuroTmoZRvrebis sxva ZeglebTan
mimarTebiT uTuod mravali sakiTxia
dasadgeni. taZarTmSeneblobis erTiani
istoriis Camoyalibebis Semdgom, rac
ganxorcielda imave g. CubinaSvilisa
da misi skolis sxva warmomadgenlebis
mier, samomavlo kvlevis sagans yoveli
maTganis individualuri problematu-
ri sakiTxis zedmiwevniT zusti gamok-
vleva warmoadgens.
sinamdvileSi zemoganxilul davas axali
biZgi misca kaxeTSi, yvarlis raionSi ori
bazilikis _ doloWopisa da Wabukauris
aRmoCenam. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-
ni CvenTvis pirveli maTgania. welebis
manZilze misi aRmoCenis Sesaxeb eqspedi-
ciis xelmZRvanelis, b-ni nodar baxtaZis
da misi samecniero jgufis ramdenime
naSromi gamoqveynda. isini ara mxolod
gvacnobs uaRresad sayuradRebo taZars,
aramed axladgamovlenil calkeul Zeg-
lTa daTariReba-analizsac gvTavazobs
da qarTuli qristianuli xuroTmoZR-
vrebis, gansakuTrebiT ki misi pirveli
nabijebis ukve miRebul klasifikaciaTa
gadasxvaferebas, Secvlas, Tu gnebavT
gadabrunebas exeba. ise ki, arc TavisTa-
vad risame cvlileba da gadasxvaferebaa
miuRebeli da miT ufro sagangaSo, Tun-
dac es qarTuli qristianuli xuroT-
moZRvrebis adreul, sawyisebriv nagebo-
baTa ganviTareba Tu maTi droiTi Tan-
44
v. beriZe, Zveli qarTveli ostatebi, Tb.,
1967.
60
mimdevroba-daTariReba iyos. oRond,
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom n. baxtaZis
SromebSi, misi kvlevebis farglebSi, iq-
neba es sqolioebi Tu ZiriTadi teqsti,
srulebiT araorazrovnadaa moxmobili
im avtorTa mosazrebani da gadaWriTi
xasiaTis mtkicebani, romelTa Sesaxebac
ukve visaubreT. doloWopisa Tu Wabu-
kauris bazilikaTa daTariReba-klasi-
fikacias moyolebuli interpretacia
sazogadod 1980-iani wlebidan cnobil,
erT magistralur xazs Tanxvdeba da,
ganzrax Tu uneblied, mis Sevseba-dasa-
buTebas emsaxureba.
2012 wels gamoqveynebuli angariSis pir-
vel nawils n. baxtaZe uTmobs Zeglis ar-
qeologiuri kvvlevebis Sedegebs, rom-
lis farglebSic gamoikveTa bazilikis
ZiriTadi saxe da gamovlinda nivTieri
masala _ keramikuli sayofacxovrebo
nakeTobebi. teqstSi gvxvdeba wminda te-
qnikuri xasiaTis aRweriTi nawili, sa-
dac warmodgenilia SemorCenili naSTis
dakarguli nawilebis _ TaRebis, sark-
melTa damabolovebeli TaRovani qvebi-
sa da sxva detalebis analizi. amas garda,
mkvlevari arqeologiur masalasTan da
xsenebul detalebTan erTad asaxelebs
adgilze mopovebul didi raodenobiT
lursmnebs Tu damwvari xis masalis naS-
Tebs, rac, misi mosazrebiT, doloWopis
taZarSi xis konstruqciebiT gadaxurvis
arsebobas adasturebs. bazilikis farg-
lebSi aRmoCnda samarxebis mTeli wyeba,
rasac n. baxtaZe mogviano periods, am te-
ritoriis sasaflaod gadaqcevis xanas
miawers. gamoyofil iqna doloWopis ba-
zilikis funqcionirebis etapebic: „Zeg-
lis gamoyeneba 3 ZiriTad qronologiur
fazaze mimdinareobda. pirvel etapze,
bazilikis Tavdapirveli saxiT da daniS-
nulebiT“... ...“V s-is I naxevarSi dawyebu-
li es cikli, dangrevisas mis farTobze
mimofantuli artefaqtebis da gaCanage-
ba-xanZris nakvalevis safuZvelze, daax
VIII-IX ss-Si unda Sewyvetiliyo (bunebri-
vi iqneba, rom es darbeva kaxeTSi arabi
sardlis, murvan-yrus gamanadgurebel
laSqrobas davukavSiroT)“.
„cota xnis Semdeg, dazianebuli bazili-
kis mxolod Sua da CrdiloeTis navebis
nawilebiRa aRadgines, isic dasavleTi-
dan me-3 wyvil svetebis sigrZemde. amis-
Tvis darCenil svetebs Soris sicarie-
leebi bazilikis dangreuli nawilebis
masaliT (maT Soris Sirimis meoradad
gamoyenebuli „markirebuli detale-
biT“) Seavses da gamoiyvanes darbazu-
li eklesia CrdiloeTis ekvderiT“...
...`daax. XII-XIII saukuneebSi es ganaxle-
buli eklesiac saboloodaa wyobidan
gamosuli“... ...`im periodSi taZris irgv-
liv ganaSenianebuli soflis mosaxleo-
bis mier metad mWidro sasaflaod yofi-
la gamoyenebuli“45.
gamokvlevis avtori doloWopis bazi-
likis daTariRebis sakiTxsac wamoWris
da amis mixedviT adreuli qarTuli sa-
taZro mSeneblobis saerTo klasifika-
ciaSi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblo-
bazec miuTiTebs.
doloWopis axladgamovlenili bazili-
kis erT umTavresTagan maTariReblad
mkvlevarT taZris teritoriaze da uSu-
alod nagebobis sivrceSi aRmoCenili
arqeologiuri masala aqvT moxmobili,
romelic, maTi daskvniT, uciloblad V
saukunes unda ganekuTvnebodes. magram
TavisTavad arqeologiuri maTariRebe-
li V saukune verafers iZleva im rTu-
li mocemulobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
Zeglis TariRi ara ase zogadad, aramed,
swored V saukunis I naxevriT iqna gansa-
zRvruli, arqeologiuri masala ki sru-
lebiT ar gvaZlevs misi aseTi sizustiT
45
n. baxtaZe, doloWopis bazilikaze 2012
wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri kvlevis
angariSi, kadmosi, 4, 2012, gv. 283-284.

daTariRebis arc aucileblobas da arc
SesaZleblobas.
movixilavT ra winamdebare naSromis sa-
xelovnebaTmcodneo analizis nawils,
vxvdebiT sakmaod sityvaZunw da nakle-
bad Tu kompleqsur, SedarebiTi xasia-
Tis samiod monakveTs. maTgan erTi,
doloWopis nekresisave Wabukauris ba-
zilikis SemorCenil naSTebTan Sepiris-
pirebiT xorcieldeba. n. baxtaZe am uka-
nasknelTa urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb
msjelobisas aRniSnavs: „rogorc Cans,
Wabukauris gacilebiT primitiuli ge-
gmarebis, mogvianebiT Camoyalibebuli
qarTuli eklesiebis stilis fonze jer
kidev sakmaod ucxo niSnebiT aRbeWdi-
li bazilika (mas xom garda xis koWovani
gadaxurvisa, sworkuTxa gegmis sakur-
Txeveli da kvadratuli kveTis svete-
bi aqvs), ramdenime aTwleuliT uswrebs
doloWopis bazilikas; am ukanasknelSi
gvxvdeba naxevarwriuli afsidi, jvris
gegmis navebis gamyofi svetnari, Camo-
yalibebuli pastoforiumebi. swored
amitom vfiqrobT, rom doloWopis bazi-
lika qronologiurad ramdenadme unda
CamorCebodes Wabukaurisas“46. amave Se-
darebis safuZvelze avtori askvnis,
rom doloWopis taZari IV saukuniT mis
mierve daTariRebuli Wabukauris Semd-
gom, ramdenime aTwleulSi, anu V sauku-
nis I naxevarSi iqna agebuli.
Tavdapirvelad, swored rom Wabukauris
bazilikis, erTgvar, „niSnulad“ war-
modgenis sakiTxia aRsaniSnavi, radganac
am ukanasknelis avtoris mier SemoTava-
zebuli daTariReba mecnierTa mier ro-
dia gaziarebuli, Tumca es calke sjis,
kvlevis sagania da mainc vfiqrobT, rom
is SedarebiT ufro mogviano xanas unda
ganekuTvnebodes. amosavali mainc is ga-
remoebaa, rom b-ni n. baxtaZis ramdenime
mosazreba TiTqos erTi meoresac nakle-
46
n. baxtaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 282-283.
61
bad eTanxmeba, rac ara mxolod Wabukau-
ris, aramed, Tavad doloWopis taZris
TariRsac meryevad da niadaggamocli-
lad warmosaxavs, kerZod ki, doloWopis
bazilikis gorgasliseul aRmSeneblo-
bas. gamodis, rom an doloWopis aRmSe-
nebloba ar ukavSirdeba vaxtang gorga-
sals an ki Wabukaursa da am ukanasknels
Soris aRSenebis droiTi sxvaoba erT-
saukunovania, nacvlad, avtoris ganmar-
tebis sapirispirod, „ramdenime aTwleu-
lisa“. cxadia, aseT viTarebaSi veraviTar
qronologiur sayrdenad ver warmovisa-
xavT Wabukauris midamoebSi aRmoCenil
am bazilikas, Tan argumentTa safuZv-
lianoba TavisTavadac gvesakliseba _
afsidisa da navTgamyofi burjebis for-
maTa saxesxvaoba Tu pastoforiumebis
erTgan oden meti, xolo meoregan, TiT-
qos ufro naklebi Camoyalibebuloba,
ZeglTa aTwleulobiT gamijvnis safuZ-
vels ar unda iZleodes. imasac SevniSna-
vT, rom raime arsebiT sxvaobas dolo-
Wopisa da Wabukauris taZarTa pastofo-
riumebs Soris ver vxedavT. doloWopSi
mocemulia kvadrats miaxloebuli ori
saTavsi, romelTagan, CrdiloeTisas
CrdiloeT kedelSive kari, xolo, samx-
reTisas sakurTxevlis mimarTulebiT
mcire niSovani xvreli aqvs datanebuli.
Wabukauris bazilikis igive saTavsebi
RiobTa gareSe da SedarebiT ufro mar-
TkuTxa formiTaa warmodgenili. orive
am taZris mocemul naSTTa simaRleze
sarkmlebis kvali dafiqsirebuli araa.
amdenad, doloWopis bazilikis pasto-
foriumTa SedarebiT Camouyalibeblo-
baze msjelobis safuZvlianobac didad
saeWvoa, im viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom qarTuli bazilikuri mSeneblobis
arc erT etapze, raime Camoyalibebuli,
Tundac mxolod gegmarebiTi, saxis mqo-
ne kanonzomierebas ver davafiqsirebT
gadaWriT. piriqiTac, sxvadasxva etapze,
Tu gnebavT erTi saukunis farglebSi
62
erTsa da imave regionSi agebul ZeglTa
pastoforiumebi srulebiT sxvaobs ur-
TierTs gegmarebiTi gadawyvetis, sakur-
TxevelTan mimarTebis, taZris navebTan
kavSirisa Tu Sida funqciuri mowyobis
TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad SeiZleba mo-
vixmoT VI saukunis taZarTa jgufi: an-
Cisxati, urbnisi, vazisubani, kawareTis
sameba, sadac srulebiT gansxvavebuli
gadawyvetis niSnebia gamokveTili.
doloWopisa da Wabukauris bazilikaTa
Sedarebis garda, vxvdebiT kidev erT,
Semdegi azrisa da saxis mqone amonarids:
...„doloWopis bazilika, qarTuli qris-
tianuli bazilikuri xuroTmoZRvrebis
ganviTarebis pirvel etaps ganekuTvne-
ba: mas mxolod xuroTmoZRvruli mo-
nacemebiTac ki, qronologiurad didad
ver davaSorebT saqarTveloSi V-VI sau-
kuneebSi gavrcelebul namdvil... ...ba-
zilikebs _ bolnisis sions, urbnisis wm.
stefanes bazilikas, kawareTis samebas
da a.S.; Tumca, yvela CamoTvlili bazi-
likisgan gansxvavebiT, doloWopis ta-
Zars xis konstruqciebze dayrdnobili
kramitis saxuravi faravda“47. es Sedare-
bac, winares msgavsad, TiTqos, TariRis
V saukunis I naxevris gamyarebas unda
emsaxurebodes, Tumca msgavsad pirveli
Sedarebisa igi raimegvar damaTariRe-
bel arguments ar unda iZleodes. is ki,
rom doloWopis bazilika droiT didad,
da vfiqrobT, arc mcired, ar unda dava-
SoroT V-VI saukuneebSi gavrcelebul
namdvil, e.w. did bazilikaTa jgufs,
srulebiT arasadaod gveCveneba.
amis Semdgom avtori wamoWris sakiTxs
adreul qarTul saeklesio nagebobaTa
zoma-masStabisa da maTi xis konstruq-
ciiT gadaxurvis Sesaxeb. „dRevandeli
gadasaxedidan, jer nekresis Wabukauris,
axla ki doloWopis bazilikis aRmoCenis
Semdeg, cxadia, axleburad unda mivud-
47
iqve, gv. 279.
geT sakiTxs uZvelesi qarTuli bazilike-
bis zomebis, gegmarebiTi proporciebis
Taviseburebebis da upirobod qvis kama-
riT gadaxurvis Sesaxeb. realur safuZ-
vels moklebuli aRmoCnda cnobil qarT-
vel xelovnebaTmcodneTa erTi nawilis
Sexeduleba imis Taobazec, TiTqos qris-
tianobis saxelmwifo religiad aRiare-
bis Semdgom, sul cota erTi saukunis
ganmavlobaSi, saqarTveloSi sruliad
ar igeboda romaul-adrebizantiuri Tu
aRmosavleT-qristianul samyaros TiT-
qmis yvela provinciaSi esoden swrafad
da sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli „namd-
vili“ _ didi zomis, aRmosavleT-dasa-
vleT RerZze mkveTrad wagrZelebuli,
navebad ramdenime wyvili svetiT dayo-
fili mozrdili bazilikebi“48.
n. baxtaZis mier gadaWriT mtkiceba imi-
sa, rom qarTul xelovnebaTmcodneobaSi
arasodes damdgara xis konstruqciebiT
taZarTa SesaZlo gadaxurvis sakiTxi,
arc mTlad zustia, vinaidan amdagvari
msjeloba sul minimum ori Zeglis, biW-
vintisa da vaSnaris bazilikaTa Sesaxeb
iqna warmodgenili. Tuki aq pasuxad im
arguments miviRebT, rom es sakiTxi ara
wmindad qarTul niadagze aRmocene-
bul-ganviTarebul ZeglebTan kavSirSi
iqna wamoWrili, isic ar unda dagvaviwy-
des, rom Wabukaurisa Tu doloWopis
bazilikebsac kvlevis avtori swored
araqarTul _ zogad-bizantiur Tu aR-
mosavleT-qristianul aRmSeneblobas
ukavSirebs. amdagvarsave aRrevasTan
gvaqvs saqme, rodesac n. baxtaZe xazs us-
vams qarTvel xelovnebis istorikos-
Ta mxridan qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi
romaul-bizantiuri kvalis ardaSvebis
sakiTxs, maSin rodesac qarTuli xuroT-
moZRvrebis swored adreul etapze _ V
saukunis Sua wlebidan VI saukunis CaTv-
liTaa dadasturebuli e.w. dasavluri
48
iqve, gv. 280.

bazilikebis mTeli rigi, moyolebuli
biWvintidan, noqalaqevidan, cixisZri-
dan Tu sefieTidan, damTavrebuli vaSna-
riTa da alahaZeTi. TumcaRa mniSvnelo-
vani mainc isaa, rom imave xis konstru-
qciebisa Tu gnebavT, taZris zomaTa
sakiTxebi, upirvelesad mainc, g. Cubi-
naSvilis TeoriaTa kritikis garda, swo-
red doloWopis bazilikis adreuli, V
saukunis I naxevriT daTariRebisa da misi
bizantiur, aRmosavleT-qristianul
mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebis mcdelo-
baa. aki acxadebs kidevac mkvlevari, rom
doloWopisa Tu Wabukauris bazilikaTa
aRmoCeniT dadasturda „moqcevai qarT-
lisais“ teqstSi naxsenebi saberZneTi-
dan iberiis oficiozis mier mowveuli
mSeneblebis realuroba-namdviloba.
Tumca n. baxtaZe ar gamoricxavs, rom is-
toriul wyaroebSi naxseneb mSenebleb-
Si SesaZloa, bizantiuri mSeneblobis
xerxebsa da meTodebs kargad naziarebi
qarTveli ostatebic igulisxmebodeso.
avtori doloWopis bazilikis bizan-
tiur aRmSeneblobasTan esoden Zlier
kavSirs navTa wagrZelebuli gegmarebiT,
gadaxurvis sistemaSi xis konstruqcie-
bis gamoyenebiTa da pastoforiumebis
arsebobiT asabuTebs. mkvlevaris mier
maTariReblad moxmobili arc erTi ele-
mentiT doloWopis ageba V saukunis I na-
xevarSi ar dasturdeba _ TiTqmis yvela
es elementi, garda xis konstruqciebisa,
Semdgomi xanidan xdeba cnobili qarTul
taZarTmSeneblobaSi, aseTnairad ki ga-
mova, rom yvela qarTuli Zegli aRmosa-
vleT-qristianuli mSeneblobis nayo-
fad unda miviCnioT. ver gamovricxavT,
rom doloWopis bazilikas marTlac
hqonda xis konstruqciebze damyarebu-
li gadaxurvis sistema, Tumca aseTis ar-
seboba gvaeWvebs kedlebisa Tu TviT nav-
Tagamyofi burjebis esodeni masiurobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, miT ufro, rom aseTi
63
ram imave „bizantiur“ samyaroSic araa
saxasiaTo gadawyveta. mainc vfiqrobT,
rom mSeneblobis teqnika, gegmarebiTi
stili Tu xuroTmoZRvruli elemente-
bi Zireul TanxvedraSia V-VI saukuneTa
e.w. did qarTul bazilikaTa jgufTan da
amdenad, TavisTavad xis gadaxurva ar-
sebiTad ar SeiZleba cvlides sakiTxis
arss imdenad, rom taZris an V saukunis I
naxevarsTvis mikuTvneba an saqarTvelo-
Si bizantiur mSeneblobaTan dakavSireba
moxerxdes.
Zalze mniSvnelovania is Tu rogor ic-
vleba n. baxtaZis msjeloba Semdgomi xa-
nis gamokvlevebsa Tu gamocemebSi. 2012-
2015 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli gaTxre-
bis Sedegad, jer 2013 wels gamoqveynda
SedarebiT ufro Sevsebuli da nawilob-
riv Secvlili gamokvleva-angariSi,
xolo 2015 wels _ CvenTvis ufro mniS-
vnelovani, ukve sruli angariSi. am sami
wlis manZilze ganxorcielebuli sa-
muSaoebis kvalad, saerTo suraTi arse-
biTad Seicvala. doloWopis bazilikis
gamovlenil nawils amjerad ukve sam-
mxrivi garSemosavleli daemata, ramac
realurad, erTianad Secvala nagebobis
saerTo konfiguracia Tu gegmarebi-
Ti struqtura. „didi bazilikis“ qveda
SreSi gamovlinda da mkvlevarTa mier IV
saukuniT ganisazRvra SedarebiT mcire
zomis, 25 metri sigrZisa da 15 metram-
de siganis bazilika, romlis Sesaxebac
avtori gvauwyebs: „gaTxrebisas dadas-
turebuli stratigrafiuli suraTis
safuZvelze, Zveli bazilika V saukunis
pirvel naxevarSi miwisZvras daungrevia
da amave saukunis II naxevarSi, misi nan-
grevebis mosworebis Sedegad Seqmnil
platformaze axali, grandiozuli ba-
zilika augiaT“49.
49
n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe, dolo-
Wopis bazilikis arqeologiuri kvleva na-
qalaqar nekresSi, onlain arqeologia, N8,
2015, gv. 124.
64
ganaxlebuli samuSaoebis Semdgom aR-
moCenil arqeologiur masalaSi ga-
moirCa „interieris gasanaTebeli xel-
sawyoebis, liTonis cxaurSi Casalage-
beli minis kandelebisa da vercxlis
sakideblebis naSTebi. zustad am tipis
gasanaTebeli mowyobilobebi, „polikan-
delonebi“, farTod iyo gavrcelebuli
adre-bizantiur samyaroSi da isini V-VI
saukuneebiT TariRdeba“50.
cxadia, xelaxali ganxilvis sagani Sei-
qna doloWopis bazilikis Secvlili
xuroTmoZRvruli saxis ragvaroba da
misi droiTi gansazRvrulobis sakiT-
xic. axal aRmoCenaTa Tu Zeglis cal-
keul nawilTa gamovlenis safuZvelze,
n. baxtaZem daTariRebis sakiTxic ga-
naaxla. axla mkvlevarma mis mier V sau-
kunis I naxevriT daTariRebuli Zegli
V saukunis II naxevars miuTanada, Tumca
absoluturad araa Secvlili Zeglis
maTariRebeli arc erTi elementi, maT
Soris arc arqeologiis sakiTxebi. amas-
Tan, ar Sesrulebula arc TviT bazili-
kis gegmarebiT-struqturuli kvleva
da arc axali konfiguraciis Zeglis
sxva nagebobebTan mxatvruli Sedare-
ba-analizi. Tuki pirveli gamokvlevis
SemTxvevaSi saepiskoposos centris da
sakaTedro taZris aRmosavleTiT duru-
jis xeobaSi adgilmonacvlebis mizezad
vaxtang gorgaslis strategiuli Sida-
politikuri mizezebia dasaxelebuli,
am SemTxvevaSi, rodesac taZris TariRi
ramdenime aTwleuliT Seicvala, saepis-
koposo centris xsenebuli adgilmo-
nacvleobis pirvandeli ganmapirobebe-
li argumenti kvlavac SenarCunebulia.
Cveni SexedulebiT, gorgaslis mier ms-
gavsi politikuri gadawyvetilebebis
miReba cxadia, V saukunis II meore naxe-
varSi ufroa SesaZlebeli, magram esec
50
n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe, dasax.
naSr., gv. 117.
mxolodRa SesaZleblobebzedaa saubari
da Tanac SedarebiTze, movlenebis rea-
luri gaazrebiT ki SeiZleba srulebiT
sxva mizez-Sedegebamdec mivideT da ama-
ze ufro konkretuladac vimsjelebT.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom avtorma
Zeglis TariRi mniSvnelovnad gadaswia,
rac TiTqos ufro realurs unda xdides
gorgaslis „Zalisxmevas“ anu mefe vax-
tangis monawileobas doloWopis taZris
mSeneblobaSi. magram vaxtang gorgaslis
politikuri Tu kulturuli moRvaweo-
bis analizi naTelyofs, rom saeklesio
aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas gorgasali
mxolodRa 480-iani da egeb ufro konk-
retuladac 484 wlis mereRa Tu SeZleb-
da. n. baxtaZis azriT ki, doloWopi:
...“ukve sakmaod axloa V saukunis II naxe-
varSi Camoyalibebul „wminda“ qarTul
bazilikaTa stilTan _ „gardamaval“
safexurze mimaniSnebeli aq mxolod ga-
daxurvis xis konstruqciebia. doloWo-
pis bazilikis xuroTmoZRvruli Temis
amgvar Sefasebasa da taZris V saukunis
Sua xanebiT daTariRebas Seesabameba
misi nangrevebis uadres stratigra-
fiul fenebSi dadasturebuli kerami-
kuli nakeTobebis fragmentebi“51. xse-
nebuli citatis mixedviT irkveva, rom
doloWopis bazilikis axali TariRi ara
zogadad V saukunis II naxevriT, aramed,
ufro konkretulad V saukunis Sua xane-
biT ganisazRvra, es daTariReba kvlavac
ZiriTadad Wabukauris bazilikasTan ka-
vSirs efuZneba. amas emateba keramikuli
masala, romlis aseTi zusti daTariReba
Cven wina angariSSi ar Segvxvedria. ro-
gorc gamoCnda, 2012 wlis Semdgom naS-
roms realuri cvlilebebi ar ganucdia.
axlad aRmoCenili mcire arqeologiu-
ri masala, cxadia, veranair cvlilebas
Seitans taZris daTariRebis sakiTxSi.
ufro metic n. baxtaZis mier dasaxele-
51
iqve, gv. 123.

buli „polikandelonebis“ droiTi ga-
vrcelebis arealma _ V-VI saukuneebma,
kidev ufro gaafarTova pirveli arqeo-
logiuri fenis moxsnis dros aRmoCeni-
li doqebis, WinWilebisa Tu jamebis ke-
ramikuli nawilebis TariRi _ V saukune.
amrigad, doloWopis bazilikis TariR-
ma, arqeologiuri masaliT dazustebis
nacvlad, ufro ganzogadoebuli saxe
miiRo. Sesabamisad, arc arqeologiur,
istoriul-geografiul Tu sakuTriv sa-
xelovnebaTmcodneo monacemTa gaazre-
bis mniSvnelovan cvlilebebTan gvqonia
saqme. doloWopis bazilikis sxva nage-
bobebTan SedarebiTi analizis mimarTu-
lebiT 2015 wlis gamokvlevaSi raimegvar
cvlilebas srulebiT ver vafiqsirebT.
Zalze mniSvnelovania doloWopis ta-
Zris garSemosavlelebad moazrebuli
samxreTi da CrdiloeTi nawilebisa Tu
dasavleTiT arsebuli minaSenis nar-
Teqsad gansazRvris sakiTxi. vfiqobT,
TavisTavadac savaraudo iyo, rom Cr-
diloeTi navis CrdiloeT kedelSi ar-
sebul sam karsa da samxreTi navis samx-
reT kedelSi mocemul or Riobs gagrZe-
lebis saxiT raimegvari minaSeni unda
hqonoda, sxvagvarad warmoudgeneli
iqneboda amdeni Riobis arsebobis auci-
lebloba Tu saWiroeba. axla SesaZlebe-
lia doloWopis bazilikis amdagvari sa-
xisaTvis arc Tu Soreuli analogiebis
moZieba qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis ad-
reuli etapis bazilikaTagan. maT Soris
mniSvnelovania V saukunis bolos age-
buli bolnisis sionis da Cven mier ama-
ve periodiT daTariRebuli vaCnaZianis
bazilikis struqtura. isic mniSvnelo-
vania, rom relurad es Zeglebia yvelaze
adreuli analogiebi doloWopis bazi-
likis gegmarebiTi struqturisa da isi-
nic mxolodRa V s-is bolo meoTxedze
modis. sxvagvarad dgeba sakiTxi taZris
dasavleTiT mocemuli minaSenis narTe-
65
qsad miCnevis SemTxvevaSi, radgan qar-
Tuli bazilikuri mSeneblobis arc erT
etapze dasavleTi nawilis amdagvari ga-
dawyveta, rogorc wesi, ar fiqsirdeba.
samnaviani Tu sameklesiiani bazilikebis
SemTxvevaSi dasavleTiT mocemuli es
nawilebi, TiTqmis mudam, gverdiT gar-
SemosavlelTa makavSireblis funqciis
matarebelia. Cvens SemTxvevaSi ki amdag-
vari funqciac dakargulia, rom aRara-
feri iTqvas Tavad saTavsis da centra-
luri taZris RerZebis acdenasa Tu misi
Riobebis gaWris wertilebze.
2012 wlis gamokvlevis mTavr xazTagan
kvlav SenarCunebulia g. CubinaSvilis
mosazrebaTa kritika, erTi mxriv, qar-
Tul bazilikaTa kamarovani gadaxur-
vis, xolo, meore mxriv, adreuli qarTu-
li taZarTmSeneblobis klasifikaciis
Sesaxeb _ metadre gakritikebulia Ca-
moyalibebuli da gamarTuli saxis ba-
zilikaTa mSeneblobis V saukunis bolo
meoTxedisken gamarTvis SesaZlebloba.
g. CubinaSvlilisa Tu sazogadod qarT-
vel xelovnebaTmcodneTa didi nawilis
mimarT gamoTqmul kritikul mosaz-
rebaTa vrcel nawilze ukve visaubreT
da, vfiqrobT, is raime myar safuZvels
moklebuli unda iyos, im kvlevis gaT-
valiswinebiTac, romelmac Cven mier
warmodgenil naSroms ramdenime kviriT
adre mouswro da gadacemulia dasabeW-
dad. es gaxlavT kidev erTi werili, ro-
melic doloWopis eqspediciis ramdeni-
me monawilis _ n. baxtaZis, v. mamiaSvilis,
b. gabexaZis da j. Cxvimianis erToblivi
Sromis Sedegs warmoadgens52. mocemu-
li kvleva-angariSis saTauri Semdegia:
„durujispira bazilikis arqeologiu-
52
xsenebuli werili gadacemulia dasabeW-
dad da swored amitom misi gverdebis, wle-
bisa Tu nomris miTiTebisas sqolioSi, ver
vxelmZRvanelobT konkteruli informaci-
iT. vuTiTebT gverdebs im formiT ra for-
miTac is mowodebul iqna avtoris mier.
66
ri kvleva naqalaqar nekresSi“. realu-
rad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom winamdebare
werili erTgvari Semajamebelia im ga-
mokvlevebisa da angariSebisa, romelTa
mimoxilva-analizic iqna warmodgenili
zemoT moyvanil msjelobaSi.
realurad, bolo werilSi eqspediciis
xelmZRvanels raimegvari cvlileba
ar SemouTavazebia sakuTriv nagebobis
struqturis TvalsazrisiT _ dolo-
Wopis bazilikis aRmoCeniT wamoWrili
sakiTxisa Tu misi gadaWra-gaanalize-
bis gzebi erTmniSvnelovnad Tanxvdeba
dRemde gamoqveynebul yovel angariSs.
nagebobis maTariRebel elementTa So-
ris, rogorc winare werilebSi, aqac
umTavres aspeqtad arqeologiuri ma-
salis analizi da taZris konstruqci-
uli monacemebis rkveva warmogvidgeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom SedarebiTi analizis
safuZvelze ganxorcielebuli saxe-
lovnebaTmcodneo kvlevis wili, ro-
melic wina werilebSic naklovani gve-
Cvena, am SemTxvevaSic sazogadod nuls
gautolda. konstruqciul monacemTa
analizi, Tavis mxriv, kvlavac mniSvne-
lovani winapirobiTaa gansazRvruli
_ durujispira bazilikis gamovleni-
li naSTis analizisas eqspediciis xel-
mZRvanelis mier yovel gamoqveynebul
naSromSi aRiniSneba, rom saqme gvaqvs
bizantiuri xuroTmoZRvrebis, misi Zi-
risZiri maxasiaTeblebisa da niSnebis
arseboba-gaTviTcnobierebasTan zoga-
dad qarTul sataZro mSeneblobaSi da
konkretulad ki doloWopis bazilikis
SemTxvevaSi.
garda bizantiur xuroTmoZRvrebasTan
dakavSirebuli problematuri sakiTxe-
bisa, mniSvnelovani da SesaZloa ga-
damwyvetic ki, mocemuli nagebobis da-
TariRebis sakiTxia. sxvadasxva werilSi
SemoTavazebul versiaTa dajamebiT,
yovel SemTxvevaSi bolos gamoqveyne-
bul werilamde, kvlevis ZiriTadi bir-
Tvi dayvanilia or ZiriTad sakiTxamde
_ grandiozuli durujispira bazilika
agebulia V saukunis I naxevarSi, an amave
saukunis Sua wlebSi da Zeglze gamovle-
nili nivTieri Tu konstruqciuli masa-
lebiT is erTmniSvnelovnad, bizantiaSi
gavrcelebuli, adreuli bazilikebis
analogia. am debulebiT ki gavdivarT
g. CubinaSvilis mier Camoyalibebuli,
ukve mravaljer naxsenebi klasifika-
ciis mcdarobaze. kerZod im mosazre-
baTa ukugdebaze, romlis mixedviTac V
saukunis bolomde saqarTveloSi didi
zomis, Camoyalibebuli struqturis
mqone bazilikebi ar Sendeboda. uaryo-
fil mosazrebaTa rigs ganekuTvna mt-
kiceba qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis ad-
reuli periodis ZiebaTa individualu-
robis Sesaxebac. swored rom mocemuli
ori debulebis kritikuli analizi war-
moadgenda da sadReisodac warmoadgens
durujispira bazilikis kvlevis arse-
biT xazs. am uaxles gamocemaSi gvxvde-
ba ramdenime mosazrebis dazusteba da,
rac mTavaria, TariRis mniSvnelovani
cvlileba. taZris aRnagobis cvlilebis
sakiTxTa Soris vxvdebiT Cven mier ukve
ganxilul da uaryofil mosazrebas ba-
zilikis dasavleTiT arsebuli ganivi
saTavsis Sesaxeb. adrec gveCveneboda,
rom savaraudo iyo xsenebuli saTavsis
sxva samSeneblo fenisadmi kuTvnileba
da isic, rom SemorCenili saxiT es mo-
culoba ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo ekle-
siis liturgiul-funqciuri nawili.
bolo werilSi gamokvlevis avtornic,
maTi adreuli mosazrebebis sapirispi-
rod, swored amgvar daskvnamde mividnen.
TumcaRa, amJamad, arsebuli saTavsis
qveS mainc ivaraudeba taZris Tavdapir-
veli narTeqsi,53 romlis Sesaxebac, cxa-
53
n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe, j.
Cxvimiani, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis
moambe, gadacemulia dasabeWdad, gv. 4.

dia, amJamad saubari Tu misi gegmarebiTi
Taviseburebebis ganxilva SeuZlebelia.
radgan jerjerobiT, rogorc Cans, misi
monacemebi sruli saxiT araa gamovle-
nili da arc gamoCenili mcire nawilis
grafikuli masalaa warmodgenili naS-
roms darTul gegmebsa da anazomebSi.
doloWopis samnaviani bazilikis ar-
qiteqturul-konstruqciul Tu geg-
marebiTi saxis sxva monacemebs, axali
werilis mixedviT, raime gansakuTre-
buli cvlileba ar ganucdia. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, realurad arc bazili-
kis kvlevis sxva romelime monakveTis
Zireul cvlilebas vxvdebiT. irkveva,
rom durujispira bazilikis gaTxrisas
mopovebuli nivTieri masala TariRde-
ba zogadad V-VI saukuneebiT, rac, ki-
dev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, verafriT
akonkretebs Tavad nagebobis TariRs.
mniSvnelovania, rom arc winamdebare
gamokvlevaSi da arc manamde arsebul
gamocemebSi ar gvxvdeba qarTuli bazi-
likuri mSeneblobis sxvadasxva fazis
mravalricxovan nagebobasTan detalu-
ri da zedmiwevniT-gamowvlilviTi Seda-
rebiTi analizi, romelic, isev da isev,
taZris agebis zogad-droiT monacems
mogvcems. axali statiiTac nagebobis
daTariRebis metad konkretul versiebs
vxvdebiT, Tumca ki, unda aRiniSnos, rom
ramdenimes da TiTqos, erTmaneTTan Seu-
Tavsebelsac. teqstSi aseTi monakveTi
sam adgilas gvxvdeba. pirvel versiaSi
vkiTxulobT: „... unda aRiniSnos, rom
swored gamorCeuli grandiozulobis
gamo, durujispira bazilikis IV-V ss-iT
daTariReba diametrulad ewinaaRmde-
geba xelovnebis qarTvel istorikosTa
araerTi cnobili warmomadgenlis mier
ukve TiTqmis erTi saukunis ganmavlo-
baSi utyuar WeSnaritebad aRiarebul
mosazrebas am xanis qarTul qristianul
taZarTa gegmarebiTi Taviseburebebis
67
Taobaze“54. sainteresoa, mocemuli ver-
siiT, TariRi _ IV-V saukuneebi _ ras
SeiZleba gulisxmobdes, ufro zustad,
es aris zogadad am ori saukunis farg-
lebSi moZraobis daSveba Tu saukune-
Ta mijna? pirvel versias ver miviRebT,
radgan mocemul citatas mosdevs qarT-
vel xelovnebis istorikosTa Sexedule-
bebis kritika, romelTa mosazrebiTac
swored V saukunis boloa miCneuli im
„gegmarebiTi Taviseburebebis“ gavrce-
lebis TariRad, romelzec citataSia
msjeloba. amrigad, es versia TavisTavad
winaaRmdegobrivia, radgan g. CubinaSvi-
lis mosazrebiT, didi zomis, Camoyali-
bebuli struqturisa da gegmarebis,
gamarTuli bazilikebi saqarTveloSi V
saukunis bolodan Cndeba. amdenad, Tu
IV-V saukuneebi mocemul SemTxvevaSi am
ori saukunis farglebSi lavirebis Se-
saZleblobaa, gamodis, rom kritika qar-
Tvel xelovnebis istorikosTa mimarT
araa marTebuli. meore SemTxvevaSi, igi-
ve TariRi, IV-V saukuneebi, SesaZloa, aR-
qmul iqnas, rogorc mocemuli ori sau-
kunis mijna, magram am daTariRebas te-
qstis sxva nawilSi emateba doloWopis
bazilikis TariRis kidev erTi versia,
romlis mixedviTac nageboba V sauku-
nis II naxevriT ganisazRvra. doloWopis
didi bazilikis qveda fenaSi mikvleuli
nagebobis Sesaxeb msjelobas aqve mos-
devs Semdegi ganmarteba: „samwuxarod,
am Tavdapirveli taZris gegmarebis da-
zusteba damatebiTi arqeologiuri
kvlevebis Catarebamde, jerjerobiT
ver moxerxda. misi iatakis gaTxrisas IV
s-isTvis damaxasiaTebeli nivTieri masa-
la gamovlinda da, Sesabamisad, nageboba
swored am xanaSi Cans agebuli. gaTxre-
bisas dadasturebuli stratigrafiuli
suraTis safuZvelze vvaraudobT, rom
Zveli bazilika V s-is pirvel naxevarSi
54
iqve, gv. 8.
68
miwisZvras daungrevia da amave saukunis
II naxevarSi misi nangrevebis mosworebis
Sedegad Seqmnil platformaze axali,
grandiozuli bazilika augiaT“55. cxa-
dia, doloWopis bazilikis daTariRebis
nebismier versiaze SeiZleba msjeloba
da analizi, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi Cveni
xazgasma mxolodRa im sakiTxs Seexeba,
rom erTi werilis farglebSi sami sxva-
dasxva versiis dasaxeleba xdeba ama Tu
im konteqstSi, Tanac ise, rom arsebul
or nagebobas Soris ngreva-agebis sakiT-
xi mudmivad SenarCunebulia da maTi ur-
TierTmimarTebis am versiaSi, rogorc
formulaSi, jdeba esa Tu is TariRi. swo-
red amgvaradve warmogvidgeba daTari-
Rebis mesame varianti, sul raRac erTi
abzacis Semdgom, rodesac sakiTxi du-
rujispira bazilikis sxvadasxva qrono-
logiuri fazis ganxilvas Seexeba. „misi
konstruqciebis ngrevisa da didi bazi-
likisTvis adgilis gasaTavisufleblad
TiTqmis saZirkvlamde mosworebis ar-
qeologiuri suraTi imaze migvaniSnebs,
rom is Zlieri miwisZvris Sedegad TiT-
qmis ZirisZiramde dairRva (savaraudod,
V s-is Sua xanaSi)“56.
bolomde gasagebi ar Cans da gansxvave-
bul monacemebs vxvdebiT doloWopis
qveS moqceuli nagebobis ngrevis Ta-
riRTan dakavSirebiT. SotlandiaSi Ca-
tarebuli radiokarbonuli analizis
Sedegebis mixedviT, romlisTvisac sa-
Wiro organuli masala Tavad eqspedi-
ciis wevrebma gagzavnes, irkveva, rom am
Senobis ngrevis ukiduresi zeda zRvari
95.4 %-iani monacemiT 387 welia, Tum-
ca ukanasknel werilSic, romelic mas
mere gamovida, rac radiokarbonuli
analizis Sedegebi gaxda cnobili, vxv-
debiT doloWopis qveda naSTis ngrevis
gansxvavebul monacemebs _ werilis yo-
55
iqve, gv. 10.
56
iqve, gv. 11.
vel monakveTSi moxseniebulia, rom qve-
da nagebobis ngrevis TariRi V saukunis
I naxevaria57.
axla didi, samnaviani bazilikis qveS mik-
vleul-gamovlenili, SedarebiT mcire
zomis nagebobis gegmarebis sakiTxsac
SevexoT. mkvlevarTa mier 2015 wels
gamoqveynebuli masalis farglebSi,
met-naklebad gamokveTili saxiT, war-
modgenil iqna durujispira bazili-
kaTagan yvelaze adreuli naSTis58 e.w.
„sameklesiiani bazilikis“ gegmarebis
mniSvnelovani elementebi, sadac nage-
bobis centraluri eklesiis aRmosa-
vleT nawilSi gamoCnda afsidis dasawyi-
si (tab. 1.). mocemul gegmaze nagebobis
garkveuli nawilebi, is areebi, romelTa
moxazulobac mkveTrad ar ikiTxeba, wy-
vetili xazebiT aris gamoyvanili, xolo
monakveTebi, romelTa zusti niSnebic
aisaxeboda zedapirze, muqi StrixiTaa
moxazuli _ principSi im standarte-
57
iqve, gv. 11-12.
58
mniSvnelovania, rom kvlevis am etapze
(2015 wels) mocemuli nagebobis ngrevis Ta-
riRad jer kidev V s-is I naxevari iyo miCneu-
li, xolo mwyobridan gamosvlis mizezad
miwisZvra saxeldeboda. Sesabamisad, dolo-
Wopis didi bazilikis mSeneblobis xanad V
s-is II naxevari ganisazRvra. ix. n. baxtaZe, v.
mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe, doloWopis bazili-
kis arqeologiuri kvleva naqalaqar nekres-
Si, onlain arqeologia, N8, 2015 gv. 124. aqve
SevniSnavT, rom kvlevis axal etapzec ki
(2016 wels) mocemuli ganviTareba-ngrevis
xazi ucvleladaa SenarCunebuli. n. baxtaZe,
v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe, j. Cxvimiani, saqar-
Tvelos erovnuli muzeumis moambe, gadace-
mulia dasabeWdad, gv. 11. 2017-2018 wlebSi
am mosazrebam garkveuli cvlilebebi gani-
cada da sadReisod „qveda“ bazilikis ngre-
vis TariRad IV saukunis boloa miCneuli.
amave periodSi ivaraudeba „zeda“, didi ba-
zilikis mSeneblobac. saerTo mxolod isaa,
rom ngrevis mizezad kvlavac miwisZvra sa-
xeldeba. am varaudis mixedviT miwisZvra yo-
fila IV s-is bolosac da V s-is dasawyisSic,
rac Tavis mxriv calke msjelobis sagania.

bis dacviT, rac anazomebis aRebisasaa
sayoveltaod miRebuli. swored aseTi,
muqi StrixiTaa gamoyvanili xsenebuli
afsidis rkalis nawili, misi 1/459. dasa-
xelebuli sakiTxi imdenadaa mniSvnelo-
vani, ramdenadac ukve 2017-2018 wlebSi
gamoqveynebuli winamdebare gegmisa da
swored Cven mier dasaxelebuli monak-
veTis radikaluri cvlileba SeiniSneba.
ufro konkretulad, axali gegmis Tanax-
mad, afsidis monakveTi, romlis sakmaod
didi nawilic 2015-2016 wlebis gegmebze
dabejiTebiT iyo gamoxazuli, rogorc
mkveTrad gamoCenili rkaluri nawili,
Seicvala da srulebiT gansxvavebuli,
marTkuTxa moxazuloba miiRo (tab. 2.).
cxadia, Cndeba srulebiT legitimuri
SekiTxvebi: 1. Tuki adreul gegmebze ga-
moCnda afsidis momsazRvreli rkaluri
moxazulobis qvebi, ratom aRar ikiTxe-
ba is dRevandel gegmaze da rogor gar-
daisaxa naxevarwriul an nalisebr afsi-
dad miCneuli sakurTxeveli marTkuTxa
moxazulobad? 2. im SemTxvevaSi Tu ar
Canda afsidis rkaluri wyobis maCvene-
beli es qvebi reliefis zedapirze, ma-
Sin ra principiT iqna is datanili da
gamoqveynebuli pirvelad gamocemebSi?
es ar gaxlavT erTaderTi Secdoma, ro-
melic amave periodSi gamoqveynebuli
gegmebis Sedarebisas ikveTeba. amave na-
gebobis sxva nawilebic aseTive dauzus-
tebeli saxiT iqna gamoqveynebuli 2015-
2016 wlebis gamocemebisTvis darTul
anazomebSi, sadac gegmis zogi nawili,
zemoT aRwerilis msgavsad, wyvetili sa-
xiT, nawili ki muqi StrixiTaa mocemuli.
59
n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe dolo-
Wopis bazilikis arqeologiuri kvleva na-
qalaqar nekresSi, onlain arqeologia, N8,
2015, gv. 115. aRsaniSnavia, rom gegmis es
nawili swored amgvari saxiTaa gameorebu-
li 2016 wlis gamocemaSic. n. baxtaZe, v. ma-
miaSvili, b. gabexaZe, j. Cxvimiani, saqarTve-
los erovnuli muzeumis moambe, gadacemu-
lia dasabeWdad. gv. 26.
69
ase magaliTad, pirvandel gegmebze e.w.
„sameklesiiani bazilikis“ centralu-
ri eklesiis dasavleT kedelSi kari ar
unda yofiliyo gaWrili, iseve rogorc
misi garSemosavleli kedlis imave dasa-
vleT monakveTSi, rac Semgomi gamoceme-
bis SemTxvevaSi srulebiT sxvagvaradaa
_ orive am kedelSi, urTierTgamWoli
da urTierTmopirdapire karia gaWrili.
vfiqrobT, am SemTxvevaSic araa SemTxve-
viTi kiTxva Tu saidan gaCnda kari im ked-
lebSi, romelTa konfiguraciac pirvan-
deli gegmebis SemTxvevaSi sruli ueWve-
lobiT, muqi StrixiT iqna datanili.
durujispira kompleqsis nangrevebis
istoriul fenebs Soris kavSiris war-
modgenisas, avtorTa mier ramdenime
versia iqna SemoTavazebuli. gansakuT-
rebiT mniSvnelovani ki aRmoCnda yve-
laze adreul or fenas Soris droiTi
mimarTebis gaazreba. zemoT ukve aRvniS-
neT, rom Tavdapirveli versiiT yvela-
ze adreuli nagebobis ngrevis TariRad
miCneuli iyo V s-is I naxevari, xolo mis
nangrevebze aRmarTuli didi bazili-
kis mSeneblobis TariRad V s-is II meore
naxevari iqna miCneuli. bolo, 2017-2018
wlebis versiiT, romelic metwilad ra-
diokarbonul analizs eyrdnoba, qve-
da nagebobis ngrevis maqsimaluri zeda
zRvari 387 wliT ganisazRvra. glazgos
universitetis mier Catarebuli radio-
karbonuli kvlevis Sedegad, romelic
durujispira bazilikis qveda fenidan
aRebul da gagzavnil nimuSs eyrdnobo-
da, miRebul iqna daskvna, romlis mixe-
dviTac, maT xelT arsebuli organuli
nimuSis aqtiurobis zeda zRvari 93,2%
_ iani sizustiT unda yofiliyo swored
387 weli (sur. 1.). amave universitetis
mier mowodebul iqna karbonebis ana-
lizis Sedegebi, amjerad ukve ara pirve-
li fenis, aramed doloWopis didi, sam-
naviani bazilikis mSeneblobis etapisa
da dadginda rom es ukanaskneli 75,0% _
70
iani sizustiT agebuli unda yofiliyo
ara ugvianes 401 wlisa (sur. 2.). mocemuli
radiokarbonuli kvlevebis safuZvelze
n. baxtaZisa da kompleqsis mkvlevari
jgufis mier gadalagda durujispira
nangrevebis fenebs Soris droiTi kavSi-
ri da miRebuli daskvnebiT pirveli fe-
nis e.w. „samklesiani bazilika“ unda dan-
greuliyo 387 wlamde, xolo misi Semd-
gomi fena, didi samnaviani bazilika, age-
buliyo ara ugvianes 401 wlisa. cxadia,
nagebobis fenebis teqnikuri analizi,
Tavis mxriv, umniSvnelovanes sayrdens
warmoadgens, Tumca ar unda gamogvrCes
mxedvelobidan, rom amave universite-
tis mier mowodebuli daskvnis safuZ-
velze, pirveli fenis karbonebis ana-
lizisas aucileblad savaraudebelia
33 wliani cdomileba, rasac Tavad gla-
zgos univesitetis winamdebare kvleva
gvauwyebs, xolo meore fenis SemTxve-
vaSi, igive cdomileba 24 wels udris.
mocemulis gaTvaliswinebiT, cxadia
SesaZlebeli iyo nagebobaTa droiTi
intervalis imdagvarad gansazRvrac
rac n. baxtaZis mieraa SemoTavazebuli,
Tumca ar viqnebiT marTlebi Tu ar ga-
viTvaliswinebT im aucilebel cdomi-
lebebs, romelTac Tavad glazgos uni-
versitetis laboratoria gvauwyebs. im
SemTxvevaSi Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT
pirveli fenis nagebobis karbonebis ana-
lizisas daSvebul 33 wlian cdomilebas,
SesaZloa nageboba sulac 420 wlamde
mdgariyo, rac ueWvelad gamoricxavs
misi Semdgomi fenis, didi samnaviani ba-
zilikis 401 wlamde agebas, miT ufro
rom am nagebobis mSeneblobis fenidan
aRebuli karbonebis analizis SemTxve-
vaSic cdomilebad 24 weli ganisazRvra.
amave tendenciiT SesaZloa cdomile-
bis saxiT mocemuli wlebis ara mateba,
aramed kleba, Tumca orive SemTxvevaSi
mkvlevarTa mier SemoTavazebuli dask-
vna, droiTi intervalebis ase mkveTrad
gansazRvrisa, erTmniSvnelovnad sa-
Tuoa, imave laboratoriuli daskvnebis
safuZvelze, romelsac Tavad eyrdno-
ba eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli. samarT-
lianobisTvis unda aRiniSnos, Tumc Cven
am sakiTxze aRar SevCerdebiT detalu-
rad, rom mkvlevaTa mier radiokarbonu-
li analizisTvis gagzavnil iqna orga-
nuli masalis kidev ori nimuSi, amjerad
ukve didi bazilikis ngrevis fenidan,
romlis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebic
Semdegi saxiT yalibdeba: pirveli nimu-
Si, 95,4%-iani sizusTiT, ngrevis TariRs
554 wliT gansazRvravs da uSvebs cdomi-
lebas 24 wels (sur. 3.), xolo meore nimu-
Si, romelic amave fenidan iqna aRebuli,
aseve 95,4%-iani sizustiTa da 24 wliani
cdomilebiT didi, samnaviani bazilikis
ngrevis TariRs 561 wliT gansazRvravs
(sur. 4.).
aseTi Sedegebis gamcxadebeli gaxlavT
nagebobis fenebis droiTi gansazRvri-
sas gamoyebuli teqnikuri, radiokar-
bonuli analizi. cxadia, Cven araviTari
safuZveli ar gvaqvs eWvi SevitanoT, Ta-
vis mxriv, isedac Zalze mniSvnelovani
„cdomilebebiT“60 mowodebul radio-
karbonul kvlevaSi, Tumca is mainc unda
aRiniSnos, rom es daskvnebi arc mTlad
mkafio da zusti TariRebis maprovoci-
60
kidev erTxel vazustebT, rom Cven mier
xsenebuli „cdomileba“ gulisxmobs Tavad
glazgos universitetis im daSvebas, ro-
melic absolutur cifrebSia mocemuli
maTsave gamogzavnil, radiokarbonuli ana-
lizis dokumentebSi. amas garda, Cven mier
werilSi gamoqveynebuli radiokarbonuli
analizis dokumentebi dabeWdili saxiT
araa warmodgenili avtorebis arc erT pub-
likaciaSi, Tumca Tavs uflebas vaZlevT
misi gamoqveynebisas vixelmZRvaneloT im
mocemulobiT, rom Tavad n. baxtaZem soci-
aluri qselebis saSualebiT es dokumente-
bi gaasajarova.

rebeli gaxda Zeglis mkvlevari jgufisa
da misi xelmZRvanelisaTvis. amas garda,
CvenTvis sayuradReboa is Tu saidan,
romeli fenebidan iqna aRebuli esa Tu
is organuli masala. Tavis mxriv, da-
mafiqrebelia zemoT aRniSnuli mrava-
li uzustoba, romelic Tavad Zeglis
gaTxrisa Tu nagebobis sxvadasxva wer-
tilis gamovlenisas iqna gaparuli. vfi-
qrobT, Cveni eWvebi legitimuria imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom stratigrafiu-
li fenebi arc mTlad mkafiodaa gamij-
nuli da rCeba mravali kiTxvis niSani61.
uTuod unda aRvniSnoT, rom TavisTavad
nagebobaTa fenebis urTierTisgan gami-
jvnas arTulebda is garemoebac, rom
doloWopis taZari istoriis manZilze
mravaljer iqna ganadgurebuli da aRd-
genili. amdenad is sxvadasxva drois da
gansxvavebuli masStabisa Tu funqciis
matarebel niSnebs Seicavs. ase maga-
liTad, mkvlevarTa jgufma daadgina,
rom isedac mravalgadanakeTebi obie-
qtis teritoria, saukuneTa manZilze
sasaflaodac yofila gamoyenebuli.
swored am sirTuleebis mxedvelobaSi
miRebiT da gansakuTrebiT im garemoe-
bis, rom garda im ori fenis arsebobi-
sa, romelTa droiT mimarTebazecaa
msjelobis ZiriTadi xazi mkvlevarTa
mier gadayvanili, aq iyo mesame fenis
sataZro moqmedebac, romlis Sesaxebac
n. baxtaZe adreul werilebSi xazgasmiT
61
SesaZloa stratigrafiuli Wrilebi zed-
miwevniT zustadaa damuSavebuli da mkvle-
varTa jgufs albaT, bevrad myari da dazus-
tebiTi informacia moepoveba mocemul sa-
kiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca Cvens xelT ar-
sebuli masala amgvari varaudis safuZvels,
samwuxarod, ver gvaZlevs, radgan kvlevebis
procesSi Cndeba urTierTsawinaaRmdego
monacemebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, safuZvelmde-
bare monacemebis ara myar mocemulobaze
mianiSnebs. xsenebul uzustobaTa Sesaxeb
msjelobas aRar ganvagrZobT _ igulisxmeba
werilis manZilze dasaxelebuli SeniSvnebi.
71
aRniSnavda,62 Tumca bolo gamokvlevisa
Tu moxsenebebis farglebSi es Tema TiT-
qmis miviwyebulia da aRar xdeba masze
raime saxiT mainc saubari. mSeneblobis
mesame fenasTan dakavSirebiT mkvlevar-
Ta samecniero gamocemebi Zalze mwir
informacias gvawvdis _ warmodgeni-
lia taZris mdebareobis ramdenimesi-
tyviani aRweriloba, erTian gegmaze ki
Zalze bundovnad datanilia mciredi
nawyvetebi. esaa da es cnobili im fenis
Sesaxeb, romelze msjelobisasac n. bax-
taZe swored im arealze miuTiTebda, sa-
dac Zeglis sicocxlis pirveli da meo-
re fenebia urTierTgadajaWvuli. 2012
wels gamosul statiaSi weria: „swored
amitom, cota xnis Semdeg, dazianebuli
bazilikis mxolod Sua da CrdiloeTis
navebiRa aRadgines, isic dasavleTidan
me-3 wyvil svetebis sigrZemde“63. amgva-
radvea aRwerili mesame samSeneblo fe-
nis nageboba ukve 2013 wlis gamocemaSi,
Tumca mciredi sxvaobiT _ am SemTxve-
vaSi aRdgena momxdara „aRmosavleTidan
me-4 wyvil svetebamde“,64 rac, cxadia ga-
moricxavs 2012 wlis versias. amgvarad,
srulebiT urTierTgamomricxavi in-
formaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic
ara mxolod qveda or fenas, aramed, me-
same samSeneblo periodsac exeba, CvenT-
vis saTuo xdeba sazogadod fenebs Soris
droiTi urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi da
amdenad radiokarbonuli analizisTvis
gagzavnili organuli masalis ama Tu im
fenisadmi kuTvnilebis sakiTxic.
vfiqrobT, rom sadReisod mocemul da-
TariRebasac da pirveli ori fenis ur-
TierTmimarTebis sakiTxsac arsebiTad
62
n. baxtaZe, doloWopis bazilikaze 2012
wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri kvlevis
angariSi, kadmosi, 4. 2012. gv. 284.
63
n. baxtaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 284.
64
n. baxtaZe, yvarlis durujispira bazili-
kis kvlevis Sedegebi, saqarTvelos erovnu-
li muzeumis moambe, N4, 2013, gv. 185.
72
SeiZleba cvlides swored pirveli fenis
areze ganTavsebuili mesame samSeneblo
fenis raimegvari narCenebi _ saZirkv-
lis Zirebi an kedlebis fragmentebi. am-
denad, vidre sruli saxiT ar iqneba war-
modgenili stratigrafiuli Wrilebi,
Tanac im, erTmaneTis gamomricxavi fa-
qtebis dazustebiT, romelTa raodeno-
bac sakmaod mravlad gvxvdeba kvlevaTa
mravalwlian periodSi, SeuZlebelia
iseTi dabejiTebiTi da zedmiwevniT
zusti TariRebis gamoTqma, romel-
sac sadReisod gvTavazobs mkvlevarTa
jgufi da misi xelmZRvaneli.
saxelovnebaTmcodneo da vfiqrobT, sa-
zogadod yvela samecniero discipli-
nis pirincipidan gamomdinare, kvlevis
procesSi azrebisa da Sexedulebebis
xelaxali modelireba srulebiT buneb-
rivi ram gaxlavT, Tumca arsebobs gark-
veuli uxerxulobebic, romelTa Sesa-
xebac mokled aucileblad unda SevniS-
noT. ase magaliTad, zemoT ganxilul
werilebSi, romelTa vrceli nawilebic
nagebobaTa daTariRebas Seexeba, gvxv-
deba arqeologia, rogorc gamorCeu-
lad zusti maTariRebeli. yvela werili,
romelic ganvixileT moicavs arqeolo-
giurad mopovebuli masalis analizs da
Tanac yoveli ganxiluli gamokvlevis
farglebSi mopovebuli arqeologiuri
masala n. baxtaZis mier daTariRebulia
zogadad V saukuniT, xolo nawili VI
saukuneSic gadadis. amas garda, mniSvne-
lovania Tu arqeologiuri naSTis rome-
li fenidan iqna mopovebuli mocemuli
masala, radgan es garemoebac gansazRv-
ravs TariRis dazustebis SesaZleblo-
bis met-naklebobas. yvela werilSi ar-
qeologiuri masalis mopovebis fenad
avtoris mier dasaxelebulia erTi da
igive qronologiuri da stratigrafiu-
li fena. qronoligourad is V saukunes
ganekuTvneba, rac Seexeba stratigra-
fiul sartyels, n. baxtaZe dabejiTe-
biT uTiTebda, rom „garda aRniSnuli
konstruqciuli da dekoratiuli deta-
lebisa, romlebic bazilikis dangrevis
dros mimoifanta iatakze, am horizon-
talur doneze odnav dabla, fiqalis
fenilqveS, sxvadasxva viTarebis wyalo-
biT, Catkepnili aRmoCnda taZris pirvel
fazaze funqcionirebis xanis ramdenime
iseTi WurWlis fragmenti, romlebsac
sakmaod maxlobeli analogiebi gaaCniaT
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos arqeologiu-
rad Seswavlili, adreuli Sua saukunee-
bis Zeglebidan... da romlebic, ucilob-
lad, V saukunis nawarms warmoadgens“65.
mocemuli versia sxvadsxva statiaSi
sxvadasxva formulirebiT yalibdeba:
„...iatakis horizontalur doneze, fi-
qalis fenilqveS an am advilad Sladi
qvafenilis ramdenimegzis SekeTebis
SreTa Soris, imTaviTve Catkepnil md-
gomareobaSi Semonaxuliyo...“66 am ver-
siaTa Tanaxmad ise gamodis, rom iatakis
„fiqalTa“ fenilqveS unda aRmoCenili-
yo is arqeologiuri nivTebi, romlebic
n. baxtaZis ganmartebiT, uciloblad V
saukuniT TariRdeba. vfiqrobT, mTlad
gasagebi ar Cans Tu romel fazazea sau-
bari _ meore versiis Tanaxmad, es arqeo-
logiuri nivTebi Tavad iatakis doneSi
yofila Catkepnili. Tumca arsebiTi am
SemTxvevaSi srulebiT sxva ram gaxlavT
_ 2017-2018 wlebis gamokvlevaTa, ufro
konkretulad radiokarbonul monacem-
Ta safuZvelze, Zegli ukve ara V sauku-
niT aramed IV saukunis boloTi TariR-
deba. aseTi viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT
ki Cndeba urTulesi problema da cdo-
mileba _ rogor aRmoCnda IV saukunis
65
n. baxtaZe, doloWopis bazilikaze 2012
wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri kvlevis
angariSi, kadmosi, 4. 2012, gv. 278.
66
n. baxtaZe, yvarlis durujispira bazili-
kis kvlevis Sedegebi, saqarTvelos erovnu-
li muzeumis moambe, N4, 2013, gv. 179.

iatakis „fiqalTa fenilqveS“ an „qvafe-
nilis SreTa Soris Catkepnili“, n. baxta-
Zis mtkicebiT, „uciloblad V saukunis
nawarmi“?! im SemTxvevaSi Tu es stra-
tigrafia sxvagvaradaa gadanawilebuli
da zemoT mocemuli ganmarteba ar See-
sabameba adgilze arsebul realobas,
maSin saqme gvaqvs gaurkvevel, gadmoce-
mis `mravalmniSvnelovan“ formasTan
da ubralod gaugebaria sinamdvileSi
rogoria am fenebis urTierTmimarTe-
ba. SesaZlebelia aseve, rom IV saukunis
nagebobis iatakis Semdgomi SekeTebisas
moxvedriliyo masSi V saukunis nawarmi,
magram aqac gaugebrobasTan gvaqvs saq-
me, radgan im dros, rodesac n. baxtaZis
mier amgvari debuleba gamoqveynda jer
taZris TariRad mxolod V saukune iyo
gansazRvruli, magram asec rom iyos,
amisTvis saWiroa sakmaod mkafiod iqnas
miTiTebuli yoveli fena da masTan daka-
vSirebuli arqeologiuri artefaqtebi.
garda zemoT dasaxelebuli probleme-
bisa da werilebis urTierTSedarebisas
da sadReisod arsebuli mosazrebebis
maTTan kavSirSi ganxilvisas, vxvdebiT
sxva, naklebad mniSvnelovan samecniero
winaRobebs, romelTa vrclad ganxilvas
aRar SevudgebiT, CamovTvliT mxolod
arsebiT sakiTxebs, romelTa gamoiso-
biTac Cveni xedva ewinaaRmdegeba n. ba-
xtaZisa Tu misi jgufis Sexedulebebs
durjispira bazilikis Sesaxeb. mniS-
vnelovania, rom n. baxtaZis varaudis
mixedviT, romelic didwilad swored
arqeologiur gamokvlevas efuZneboda,
doloWopis didi, samnaviani bazilika
VIII-IX saukuneebSi unda dangreuliyo:
„V s-is I naxevarSi dawyebuli es cikli,
dangrevisas mis farTze mimofantuli
artefaqtebis da gaCanageba-xanZris nak-
valevis safuZvelze, daax. VIII-IX ss-Si
unda Sewyvetiliyo (bunebrivi iqneba,
rom es darbeva kaxeTSi arabi sardlis,
mur-van-yrus gamanadgurebel laSqro-
73
bas davukavSiroT)“67. bolodroindeli
monacemebiT, romelic didi bazilikis
ngrevis radiokarbonul analizs moi-
cavs da maszevea dafuZnebuli, didi ba-
zilikis ngrevis TariRad VI saukunis
Sua xana iqna miCneuli, rac gamoricxavs
mkvlevari jgufis mier manamdel sta-
tiebSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs. Tavis
mxriv, es mxolod im garemoebis maTval-
saCinoebeli SeiZleba iyos Tu ramdenad
naCqarevad iqna gamotanili daskvneba
ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. naad-
revad gamoTqmuli mosazrebebisa da mt-
kicebis sagans SeiZleba ganvakuTvnoT n.
baxtaZis mier Wabukaurisa da doloWo-
pis bazilikebs Soris arsebuli kavSiris
Sesaxeb warmodgenili Sexedulebebi,
romelTa mixedviT, orive es nageboba
– Wabukaurisa da doloWopis didi ba-
zilika – erTi saepiskoposos sakaTed-
ro taZrebia. pirveli maTganis ngrevis
Semdgom ki momxdara adgilmonacvleoba
da sakaTedro taZris mniSvneloba ukve
doloWopis did bazilikas SeuZenia68. am
mosazrebis mcdaroba Tavad mecnierTa
jgufis Semdgomma aRmoCenebmac daa-
dastura da ukve 2016 wlis werilSi es
mosazreba ugulvebelyofilia ise, rom
67
versia „mur-van-yrus“ Semosevis Sedegad
bazlikis ganadgurebis Sesaxeb gvxvdeba
2012, 2013, 2015 da 2016 wlebSi gamoqvey-
nebul werilebSi. ix. n. baxtaZe, doloWo-
pis bazilikaze 2012 wels Catarebuli ar-
qeologiuri kvlevis angariSi, kadmosi, 4,
2012, gv.284; misive, yvarlis durujispira
bazilikis kvlevis Sedegebi, saqarTvelos
erovnuli muzeumis moambe, #4, 2013, gv.
184-185; n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b. gabexaZe,
doloWopis bazilikis arqeologiuri kvle-
va naqalaqar nekresSi, onlain arqeologia,
N8, 2015, gv. 125; n. baxtaZe, v. mamiaSvili, b.
gabexaZe, j. Cxvimiani, saqarTvelos erovnu-
li muzeumis moambe, gadacemulia dasabeW-
dad 2016, gv. 11.
68
n. baxtaZe, doloWopis bazilikaze 2012
wels Catarebuli arqeologiuri kvlevis
angariSi, kadmosi, 4, 2012, gv. 282-283.
74

saerTod naxsenebic ki araa, rogorc odesRac arsebuli versia, romelic axali aR-
moCenebis fonze iqna gardaqmnili. axali aRmoCena gaxldaT doloWopis didi, sam-
naviani bazilikis qveS mikvleuli sakmaod mozrdili nageboba, romelmac cxadia,
gaauqma Sexeduleba adgilmonacleobis Teoriis Sesaxeb.
dasasrul, aRvniSnavT, rom calkeul leqcia-konferenciebze, satelevizio ga-
dacemebSi Tu internet sivrceSi periodulad vrceldeboda is urTierTsawi-
naaRmdego Sexedulebebi Zeglis sxvadasxva sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa
nawilzec zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, rac, erTi mxriv, iwvevs dabneulobas – meore mx-
riv ki, araswori informacia mkvidrdeba da iZens ucdomelobis statuss. ase maga-
liTad, sxvadasxva internet saitebze, sadac sazogadoeba ama Tu im Zeglis Sesaxeb
zogad informacias iRebs, doloWopis TariRad V saukunis I naxevari gvxvdeba, rac
Tavad mkvlevari jgufis sakmaod moZvelebuli gansazRvreba gaxlavT69.
udaod aRsaniSnavia is mravalwliani Sroma, romelic doloWipis grandiozuli
bazilikis aRmoCenamde da mis Semdgom gaswia b-nma n. baxtaZem da misma samecniero
jgufma. yovelgvari rezonansi, cxadia xazs usvams nagebobisa da Tavad aRmoCenis
mniSvnelovnebas. Cven mier gamoqveynebuli werili srulebiT ar isaxavs miznad
eqspediciis xelmZRvanelisa da misi jgufis mravalwliani garjis verSemCnevas _
ufro metic, samecniero polemika mxolod mowmobs winamdebare aRmoCenis gamor-
Ceul mniSvnelobas. didi pativiscemiTa da madlierebiT movixseniebT im Sromas,
romelic erovnuli muzeumis egidiT ganaxorcieles n. baxtaZem da misi eqspedi-
ciis wevrebma. cxadia, detalebze samecniero msjeloba-polemika kritikuli mi-
marTulebisaa, rac ganpirobebulia qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis adreuli pe-
riodis mecnieruli Seswavlis aucileblobiT da aRvniSnavT imasac, rom mocemuli
msjeloba mxolodRa mecnierebis farglebSi rCeba70.

69
ka.wikipedia.org; http://www.ambioni.ge; www.dzeglebi.ge.
70
uRrmesi pativiscemiT movixseniebT da did madlobas vuxdiT b-n n. baxtaZes, romelmac
kvlevis farglebSi yvela saWiro masala srulebiT gulRiad gagviziara da mogvca
saSualeba gvcodnoda nagebobis detalebis Sesaxeb imaze meti, vidre es SeiZleba savele
samuSaoebis Sedegad migveRo.
 75

Nodar Aronishidze
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art
George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

On Several Disputed Issues

of the Medieval Georgian Ecclesiastic Architecture

The article focuses on the debate which is ongoing in the academic circles since 1980s. It concerns
forming and development of the early Medieval ecclesiastic architecture in Georgia and the methodology
linked to the issue.
76

1. 3.

2. 4.

radiokarbonuli analizebis Sedegi

Results of the radiocarbon analyzes
 77

5. doloWopi, pirveli samSeneblo fena, gegma (anazomi n. baxtaZis mixedviT)

Dolochopi, the first construction layer, plan (drawing by N. Bakhtadze)

6. doloWopi, meore samSeneblo fena, gegma (anazomi n. baxtaZis mixedviT)

Dolochopi, the second construction layer, plan (drawing by N. Bakhtadze)
78

irma maTiaSvili
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

naxati jvari oSkis gumbaTis yelze

oSkis taZris mravalsaxovani safasado Semkulobis erT-erT motivs warmoadgens

qvaze saRebaviT naxati, Tval-margalitiT gamSvenebuli jvrebi, romlebic gumba-
Tis yelzea datanili (sur. 1). samecniero literaturaSi jvris es tipi crux gemma-
ta–s saxeliTaa cnobili.
formis variaciulobiT warmodgenili jvris es tipi TaRovani sarkmlebis Tavzea
ganTavsebuli da ramdenime saerTo niSniT xasiaTdeba: isini Tanabari zomisaa, la-
Jvardisfer fonze mewamuli feris saRebaviTaa datanili, maTi mklavebi boloe-
bisken gafarToebulia, Zvirfasi qvebiTaa morTuli da yovel maTgans samnawilia-
ni kvarcxlbeki aqvs. Semamkobeli Tvlebis imitacia martivad da TavSekavebuladaa
Sesrulebuli.
warmodgenili naSromi, jvris ori nimuSis ganxilvis safuZvelze, oSkis gumba-
Tis sarkmelTa damagvirgvinebeli jvrebis konteqstualuri interpretaciis
mcdelobaa. erTze mis centrsa da mklavebis boloebSi Ria feris wreebia dato-
vebuli, saidanac amJamad, taZris perangis qvis feri Cans, rac laJvardisfrisa
da mewamulis konteqstSi margalitis STabeWdilebas axdens. meore jvarze aseTi
burTulebi centrSi da oTxive mklavis wveroebzea (Sesabamisad, sul cxra).
Semkobis aseTi xerxi _ saRebaviT datanili wreebi anda qvaSi kveTili burTulebi
_ amave taZris sxvadasxva nawilSic gvxvdeba: aqve, gumbaTis qveda karnizs samx-
reT-aRmosavleTiTa da CrdiloeTiT mewamuli saRebaviT naxati wreebi da relie-
furi burTulebi Semouyveba; aseTive wreebia (reliefuric da qvaSi CakveTilic)
samxreTi fasadis „vedrebis“kompoziciis mefeTa samosze (sur. 2) da amave fasadis
arwivis kiserze Semoxveul rgolze. yvela aRniSnuli nimuSi Tval-margalitis
asociacias iwvevs. es magaliTebi udavos xdis im faqts, rom gumbaTis jvrebze da-
tanili wreebi Zvirfasi qvebis imitaciaa. amave xerxiTaa gadmocemuli daviT kura-
palatis stelis mewamuliT naxati jvrebi (sur. 3).
mcire zomebisa da maRal areSi mdebareobis gamo, oSkis gumbaTis naxati jvrebi
mxolod guldasmiT dakvirvebis Sedegad aRiqmeba da Sesabamisad, safasado Semku-
lobaSi mokrZalebuli roli aqvs. Tumca, am ikonografiuli tipis xangrZlivi is-
toriuli tradicia da gavrcelebis farTo areali sagulisxmos xdis mis mniSvne-
lobas. Teodosi didTan dakavSirebuli Tval-margalitiT mooWvili jvari1 adre-
bizantiuri periodidanve ikavebs Tavis adgils romis imperiis aRmosavleTisa da
dasavleTis xelovnebaSi. katakombebSi arsebul martiv formebs maleve enacvleba

1
daaxl. 440 wlisTvis, Teodosi didis brZanebiT, Zvirfasi TvlebiTa da qvebiT Seamkes
jvari, romlis Tayvaniscema utoldeboda elene dedoflis mier aRmarTul Zeli cxovlis
Tayvaniscemas. Teodosis mier Semkul jvars didi roli eniWeboda ierusalimSi aRniSnul
dResaswaulebSi. am ikonografiuli tipis jvris mniSvnelobas miuTiTebs isic, rom adre-
bizantiur mxatvrobaSi TvlebiT mooWvili jvari anacvlebs macxovris xats (mag: ferisc-
valebis kompoziciaSi). ix. Gertrud Schiller, Iconography of Christian Art, New York, 1971, V. I, p. 7.

sruli simdidriT Semkuli jvrebi (ro-
mis santa pudenciana, sant apolinare
in klase ravenaSi, wm. antoni didis mo-
nastris eklesia egvipteSi).
erTi SexedvisTanave cxadia, rom oSkis
gumbaTis naxati jvrebi bizantiasa da
qristianuli aRmosavleTis kultura-
Si gavrcelebuli saprocesio jvrebis
formis analogs warmoadgens2. swored
aseTia imperator iustine II-is 574 wliT
daTariRebuli oqros jvari (sur. 4),
romelic boloebisken mklavebgafar-
Toebulia da bizantiuri tradicii-
samebr uxvadaa dafaruli Zvirfasi da
naxevradZvirfasi qvebiT. mogviano pe-
riodis, SemorCenilTagan uZveles qar-
Tul saprocesio jvrebSic tipuria am
formisa da Semkulobis zogadi niSnebi.
aseTia rogorc X s-is nimuSebi (caiSis3,
iSxnis4, brilis5) (sur. 5), aseve XI s-is
(breTis6, murkmeris7, wvirmis8, laxilis9,
labsyaldis10, martvilis11 da sxv.) (sur.
6) da gviani, XIV-XVI ss-iT daTariRebuli
sawinamZRvro jvrebi (giorgi dadianis
Sewiruli martvilis jvari12, walenji-
xis eqvTime sayvareliZis Sewiruloba13,
gelaTis evdemon CxetiZiseuli14 da sxv.).
es formaa SerCeuli elise jafariZis
2
The Glory of Byzantium, Art and Culture of the Middle
Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261, Edited by Helen C.Evans
and William D. Wixsom, The Metropolitan Museum of
Arts, New York, 1997, fig. 21.
3
Г.Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искусство,
Тб., 1959, Илл., 5-7.
4
iqve, il. 57,59.
5
iqve, il. 85.s
6
iqve, il. 101,102.
7
iqve, il. 149,150.
8
iqve, il. 305.
9
iqve, il. 315, 316.
10
iqve, il. 366, 367.
11
iqve, il. 388, 389.
12
iqve, il. 487, 488.
13
iqve, il. 534.
14
iqve, il. 535, 536.
79
mier Sewiruli „vedrebis“ xatis zur-
gze gamosaxuli jvrisTvisac15. aseTive
principisaa slavuri saprocesio jvre-
bic (serbeTi, bulgareTi da sxv.16) (sur.
7). aRniSnulis garda, oSkis gumbaTis crux
gemmata saprocesio jvrebTan asocia-
cias kidev erTi niSniT iwvevs _ es aris
taZris saerTo masStabTan mimarTebiT,
maTi mcire zomebi.
formisa da Semkulobis gaTvaliswine-
biT, amave genezisisaa qarTuli qris-
tianuli xelovnebis pirvelive etapze
qvis reliefSi gavrcelebuli jvris
tipi, romelic ori ZiriTadi saxiT Cn-
deba: tolmklava da wagrZelebuli qve-
da mklaviT. isini mniSvnelovani motive-
bia rogorc safasado, aseve mcire for-
mebis programebSi. mcxeTis jvris didi
taZris mTavari Sesasvlelis damagvirg-
vinebl, jvris amaRlebis kompoziciaSi,
wreSi Cawerili tolmklava jvaric oT-
xive mklavis wveroTa boloebSi wreebi-
Taa dasrulebuli (sur. 8 ). JaleTis em-
bazis (VIII-IX ss) SemkulobaSi reliefuri
burTulebi datanilia aseTive tipis,
buniani jvris mklavebis boloebSi, ga-
farToebul nawilebze (sur. 9). usaneTis
VIII s-is stelaze ki am ori ganxiluli
principis erTgvari sinTezia mocemuli
_ tolmklava, boloebgafarToebuli
jvari medalionSia Cawerili (sur. 10),
TiTo-TiTo msxvili, reliefuri bur-
Tula ki mklavebis gafarToebul monak-
veTebzea ganawilebuli.
amgvarad, qvis reliefSi, adreul etap-
zeve, saxezea jvrebis rogorc formis
variaciuli mravalferovneba, aseve
funqciurad gansxvavebuli kuTvnile-
ba. Tumca, mogviano periodis oSkis na-
xati jvrisagan gansxvavebiT, maTi msgav-
seba saprocesio jvrebTan ar SeimCneva.
formis TvalsazrisiT, am ukanasknel-
15
Г.Н. Чубинашвили, Грузинское чеканное искус-
ство…, il. 539,540.
16
K. Michatowski, Faras, Warsaw, 1974, il. 51, 54.
80
Tan met siaxloves amJRavnebs wromis
(626-634 ww) fasadis ayvavebuli da aseve,
golgoTis jvris ikonografiuli tipe-
bi (sur. 11 ). pirvelze jvris wiboebze
Zalian mcire zomis palmetebia gamosa-
xuli; meoreze ki jvris formis Semomsa-
zRvravi wyvili lilvis grexiliT bur-
Tulebia gamoyvanili.
X s-is bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisis xu-
roTmoZRvrul reliefSi imitirebuli
Tval-margalitiT moniSnuli jvrebis
raodenoba da maTi mxatvruli gadawy-
vetis simdidre SesamCnevad izrdeba.
aSkaraa oSkis safasado motivis gavle-
na. Zvirfasi qvis amsaxveli burTulebi
wnuliT gamoyvanili naySiT Seqmnili
jvrebis Tanmdevi elementia (iSxani, xa-
xuli, parxali, oTxTa eklesia, tbeTi)
(sur. 12. ). bagratis taZris dasavleTi
fasadis jvari ki sisadaviTa da mkafio
struqturiT agrZelebs oSkelis Cana-
fiqriT ganaxlebul am Temas. es jvari
Semkulia reliefuri naxevarsferoe-
biT. SemdgomSi mas bevri mimdevari ga-
mouCnda (hujabi, kaspis metexi, fitare-
Ti, Cukulis XI s-is s xis kari da mr. sxv.).
oSkis gumbaTis crux gemmata qarTuli xe-
lovnebis sxva uZveles tradiciasac ex-
mianeba. misi analogi gumbaTis sferos
mxatvrobis Tval-margalitiT Semkuli
jvaria (an jvris amaRlebis kompozi-
cia),17 romelic XIV s-mde dominirebs
17
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kedlis mxatvro-
bis am Taviseburebas jvris Tayvaniscemis ad-
gilobriv (wm. nino da mefe miriani), uZveles
tradicias ukavSirebs J. lafonten-dozoni
da mas „tipiurad qQ arTuls“ uwodebs. ix. J.
Lafontain-Dosogne, Recherches sur les programmes
decoratifs des églises medievales en Géorgie en rela-
tion avec la peinture monumentale byzantine, II Sympo-
zium International sur l’Art Géorgien ,Tbilissi, 1977, p.6.
n. tieri jvris am ikonografiul tips qris-
tianul aRmosavleTTan akavSirebs. ix. N.
Thierry, Haut Moyen Age en Cappadoce, Paris, 1994, V.
II, 25. qarTul xelovnebaSi jvris amaRlebis
kompoziciis Sesaxeb ix. aseve n. aladaSvili,
„jvris amaRlebis“ Tema qarTul xelovneba-
Si, „Zeglis megobari“, 1969, # 17, gv. 7-13.
qarTuli kedlis mxatvrobis sistema-
Si. oSkis epoqaSic swored es Tema Cans
gumbaTis mxatvrobaSi (iSxani, xaxuli)18
(sur. 13). T. virsalaZis azriT, analo-
giuri kompozicia iqneboda oSkis gum-
baTis mxatvrobaSic19. es Tema grZel-
deba SemdegSic (ateni, timoTesubani,
nikorwminda da sxv.20). mooWvili jvari
saxasiaToa ugumbaTo eklesiebis iko-
nografiuli programebisTvisac. (mag.,
varZia, berTubani21, TeTri udabno22, ka-
padokiaSi kizil Cukuris ioakimesa da
anas eklesia da sxv.23)
mdebareobiTa da gamosaxvis wesiT oSkis
gumbaTis naxatiT Sesrulebuli mooWvi-
li jvrebi pirvel rigSi gumbaTis moxa-
tulobis jvarTan gamoxatavs Tanxmiere-
bas. gumbaTis yelis sibrtyeze lakoniu-
ri formiT gamoxatuli maTi idea srula-
daa ganvrcobili gumbaTis mxatvrobis
ikonografiuli programiT, romelic
Tavis mxriv, agrZelebs taZris moxatu-
lobis zogad saRvTismetyvelo sazriss.
amdenad, aq arsebuli konteqstiT konk-
retuli simboluri Sinaarsic ikiTxeba.
gumbaTis mxatvrobis mooWvili jva-
ri iqve, gumbaTis yelSi gamosaxuli
18
T. virsalaZe, X-XI saukunis zogierTi tao-
klarjuli moxatuloba, qarTuli mxatvro-
bis istoriidan, Tb., 2007, gv. 70,77, 79.
19
iqve, gv.87.
20
T. virsalaZe, atenis sionis VII-VIII da XI
saukuneTa moxatuloba, qarTuli mxatvro-
bis istoriidan, Tb., 2007, gv.103-242; Е. Прива-
лова, Роспись Тимотесубани,Тб., 1980,с.11.
21
Г. Н. Чубинашвили, Пищерные Монастыри Да-
вид-Гареджи,Тб., 1948, илл. 102, 105. m. bulia, a.
volskaia, d.TumaniSvili, T. jojua, daviT
garejis monastrebi. berTubani, naTlis-
mcemeli, Tb., 2010.
22
m. bulia, TeTri udabnos moxatuloba da
adreuli qarTuli mxatvrobis zogi sakiTxi,
„saqarTvelos siZveleni“, 2012, 1 # 5, gv. 48-73.
23
C. Jolivet-Lévy, Les église byzantine de Cappadoce.
Le programme iconographique de l’abside et ses abords,
Paris, 1991. N. Thierry, Haut Moyen Age en Cappadoce,
Paris, 1994, V. II.

winaswarmetyvelebisa Tu sxva dasis
wmindanTa TanxlebiTaa warmodgenili.
jvris simbolos universaluroba da
kosmiuri sazrisi moxatulobaTa siste-
maSi mravalmxriv interpretacias gana-
pirobebs, rac azustebs mis sxvadasxva
aspeqts. oSkis gumbaTis naxati jvrebis
Sesaxeb v. jobaZe aRniSnavs, rom es aris
„RvTis gamarjvebisa da didebis niSa-
ni“24. T. virsalaZe iSxnis moxatulobis
kvlevaSi aseT programas ganmartavs
rogorc „winaswarmetyvelebisa da wm.
mowameTadmi zecad jvris esqatolo-
giur, triumfalur movlinebas“ da aqve
agrZelebs, rom „kompoziciis sazrisi _
miRmuri, samoTxismieria“25. moxatulo-
bis saerTo konteqstSi ganxilvisas ki
aRniSnavs, rom „gumbaTis moxatuloba
Sinaarsobrivad asrulebs sakurTxe-
vlis moxatulobis programas, sadac
qristes esqatologiuri Teofaniia ga-
mosaxuli da zecis, samoTxis simbolod
gvevlineba, magram vinaidan mas Tavadac
aqvs Teofaniuri sazrisi, masSic Tavis
mxriv, ori area gamoyofili: „sakuT-
riv zeciuri“ da „ubralod samoTxisa“.
pirvelze zecad movlinebuli jvaria
gamosaxuli, meoreze ki Teofaniis mow-
meni, winaswarmetyvelni da wmindanebi“26.
analogiuri programaa xaxulSic. T.
virsalaZisave varaudiT, aseve iqnebo-
da oSkSi, kumurdosa da tbeTSic27. ase-
Ti xasiaTis gamo gumbaTis mxatvrobis
ganxilul kompozicias mecnieri „kos-
miurs“ uwodebs28.
XI s-is gumbaTis sferoSi mooWvili
jvris dominireba bunebrivad ikiTxeba
24
v. jobaZe, adreuli Sua saukuneebis qar-
Tuli monastrebi taoSi, klarjeTsa da Sa-
vSeTSi, Tb., 2007, gv. 131.
25
T. virsalaZe, atenis sionis VII-VIII da XI
saukuneTa moxatuloba… gv. 55.
26
T. virsalaZe, X-XI saukunis zogierTi tao-
klarjuli moxatuloba, gv. 70.
27
iqve, gv. 87.
28
iqve, gv. 93.
81
iseT mxatvrobaSi, sadac jvris gamosa-
xuleba uZvelesi tradiciiT aris Seqm-
nili. atenis sionis mxatvrobaSi „sqemis
ZiriTd Sinaarss reliefuri jvris ar-
seboba karnaxobda. Tumca ki es savsebiT
tradiciulia ganviTarebuli Sua sau-
kuneebis qarTuli gumbaTuri moxatu-
lobebisaTvis. iseve rogorc pirvandel
morTulobaSi iyo, ferweram gaimeora
reliefuri ZgideebiT moxazuli jvris
gamosaxuleba, magram amjerad es Zvir-
fasi, feradi TvlebiTa da margalite-
biT mdidrulad gawyobili oqros jvari
iyo“29. analogiur ikonografias _ gum-
baTis sferoSi ganTavsebul Tval-mar-
galitiT mooWvil jvars _ timoTesub-
nis eklesiaSi e. privalova „konstanti-
ne didis xilvas“ ukavSirebs30.
romis imperiis aRmosavleTisa Tu da-
savleTis mxatvrobaSi gavrcelebuli
mooWvili jvris simboluri kuTvnile-
bis Sesaxeb msjelobisas, aRmosavlur-
qristianuli da maT Soris qarTuli
kedlis mxatvrobisa da miniaturis ni-
muSTa ganxilvis safuZvelze, t. velman-
si askvnis, rom mooWvili jvari uflis
didebiT mosvlas ukavSirdeba da rom es
jvari aris qveyniuri drois dasasrulis
warmodgena31. mkvlevars am daskvnis sa-
fuZvels aZlevs nubiisa da somxuri mi-
niaturis zogierT nimuSSi (asevea sant
apolinare in klases mozaikaSic) (sur.
14 ) mooWvili jvris centrSi macxovris
biustis, mis garSemo ki maxarebelTa
zoomorfuli simboloebis arseboba32.
qarTul da somxur miniaturaSi am saxes
win uZRvis gankiTxvis scena. warmodge-
nili konteqstisTvis mkvlevari kidev
29
T. virsalaZe, atenis sionis VII-VIII da XI sa-
ukuneTa moxatuloba…, gv. 128.
30
Е. Привалова, Роспись Тимотесубани,… gv. 25.
31
T. Velmans, La representation de l’espace et du
temps ãByzance et les raisons qui en conditionnent la
forme, Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of
Byzantine Studies,Sofia,2011, p. 496.
32
iqve, gv. 497.
82
erT magaliTs asaxelebs _ manglisis
gumbaTis sferos mxatvrobas, sadac
mooWvil jvars angelozebi aamaRle-
ben33. mis qvemoT, gumbaTis yelSi ki „ved-
rebis“ kompoziciaa. es ansambli meored
mosvlisa da meoxebis warmodgenaa da
aseve drois dasrulebis, radganac igi
asaxavs bolo dRes34. aRniSnul kompozi-
ciaTa mimarTebiT miRebuli es daskvna
asaxavs mis arsebiT saRvTismetyvelo
sazriss, Tumca am ikonografiuli ti-
pis jvarSi da kerZod oSkis gumbaTis
naxat jvrebSi Semamkobeli Tval-marga-
litis konkretuli datvirTva damate-
biT axsnas saWiroebs. Sesabamisad misi
simboluri Sinaarsic zustdeba.
Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis umTavre-
si maxasiaTeblebis kvlevisas h. kesle-
ri gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aniWebs
sasuliero kulturaSi nivTis masalis
namdvilobas da am konteqstSi Zvirfasi
liTonebisa da patiosani qvebis simbo-
lur raobas35. am sakiTxis ganmartebi-
saTvis igi mimarTvs saxarebiseul epi-
Tets, kerZod petre mociqulis I epis-
toleSi arsebul Sedarebas, sadac qvas
gansakuTrebuli datvirTva aqvs: „da
TviTonac, rogorc cocxalma qvebma,
TqveniT aaSeneT sulieri saxli, wminda
samRvdeloeba, raTa SeswiroT sulieri
msxverpli, romelic ieso qristes mier
sasurvelad uCans RmerTs“ (I petre, 2;5)36.
keslers aqve mohyavs Zveli aRTqmis te-
qstSi gacxadebuli samoTxis xilva, sa-
dac qva erTmniSvnelovnad „Zvirfasia“:
„edemSi, RvTis baRSi iyavi, yovelnairi
Zvirfasi qva iyo Seni safarveli, sar-
33
iqve, gv. 500.
34
iqve
35
Herbert L. Kessler, Seeng Medieval Art, Broadview
Press, 2004, p.19.
36
aqve aRvniSnav, giorgi mTawmindeliseuli
TargmaniT am frazas „lodi cxoveli“ See-
sabameba, rac gansxvavbul paradigmul sa-
xismetyvelebas ukavSirdeba („lodi romel
Seuracxhyves maSenebelTa“).
dioniT, TeTri iagundiT, almasiT, qar-
viT, oniqsiT, iaspiT, safironiT, anTra-
kiT, zurmuxtiTa da oqroTi iyo mooW-
vili Seni dafdafebi da stavrebi, Seni
Seqmnis dRes iyo ganmzadebuli“ (eze-
kieli, 28:13)37. es tradicia grZeldeba
axal aRTqmaSic. ioanes gamocxadebaSi
sasufevlis xilva oqroTi da Zvirfa-
si qvebiTaa aRwerili. zeciuri qalaqi,
uflis saydari da qalaqSi arsebuli yo-
velive mxolod am xasiaTiTaa gaxsnili;
mag: „Svidi sasanTle oqrosi“ (ioane, ga-
mocxadeba,1:12; 1:20), „oqros sartyeli“
(ioane, gamocxadeba,1:13), uflis saxec
Zvirfasi qvebiTaa aRwerili: „da mjdo-
mare iaspisa da sardionis qvas hgavda
saxiT; da cisartyela gadarkaluliyo
taxtis Tavze, smaragdis msgavsi“ (ioa-
ne, gamocxadeba, 2: 2-3). amdagvari maga-
liTebi uxvadaa ioanes apokalifsisis
teqstSi38 da rogorc simboluri niSnis
bunebisTvisaa saxasiaTo, mis Sinaarss
konteqstualuri kuTvnileba ganapiro-
bebs. sakvlevi Temis SemTxvevaSi ki Zvir-
fasi qvebis raobas gansazRvravs jvari,
rogorc qristianuli sarwmunoebis um-
Tavresi simbolo _ vnebis, aseve Zlevi-
sa da triumfis niSani. jvris aseT zo-
gad bunebasTan erTad oSkis gumbaTis
mooWvil jvrebs sxva konkretuli dat-
virTvac emateba. rogorc vnaxeT, wmin-
da werilis saxismetyvelebiT Zvirfasi
da naxevrad Zvirfasi qvebi uflis, misi
wmindanebisa da zeciuri qalaqis atri-
butebia da xSirad sinonimebic.
safasado gamSvenebaSi jvars apotrope-
uli mniSvnelobac emateba. saeklesio
xuroTmoZRvrebaSi am tradiciis Seqmnas
a.grabari imiT xsnis, rom jvris erT-er-
37
Herbert L. Kessler, Seeng Medieval Art..., gv. 20-22.
38
aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc yvela simbolos
bunebaSi, aqac dualizmia Tanmdevi niSani,
radganac aseve Zvirfasi qvebiTaa aRwerili
apokalifsuri didi meZavi (ioanes gamocxade-
ba, 17:4), codvis qalaqi _ babiloni (gamocxa-
deba, 18:16) da kerpebi (gamocxadeba, 9:19).

Ti funqciaa qristianuli taZris boro-
ti Zalisagan dacva. kerZod, TaRebis da
kamarebis, romelTa Camoqcevas ecdeba
macduri da aseve kar-sarkmlebis, saida-
nac igi taZarSi SeRwevas Seecdeba39.
interpretaciis sisrulisaTvis gasaT-
valiswinebelia kidev erTi kavSiri _
Zvel aRTqmaSi Zvirfasi qva Semdegi as-
peqtiTac Cndeba. aaronis samRvdelmTa-
vro Sesamoslis nawili _ samkerduli
Semkuli iyo 12 Zvirfasi TvliT, romle-
bic oqros budeSi iyo Casmuli. TiToeul
maTganze israelis Tormeti tomis saxe-
li iyo amotvifruli (gamosvlaTa, 39:
10-13). bibliuri pirvelmRvdelmTava-
ri rCeuli eris saxelebs mkerdiT ata-
rebs. yovel maTgans ki sakuTari Zvir-
fasi qva Seesabameba. saRvTismetyvelo
tradiciiT, romelic pavle mociqulis
ebraelTa mimarT epistoles efuZneba,
aaroni ieso qristes mRvdelmTavrobis
winasaxea. aRniSnul epistoleSi pavle
mociquli aseT kavSirs gamoTqvams: „da
aravin TaviT TჳisiT moiRis pativi ara-
med romeli wodebul arn RmrTisa mier
viTarca-igi ahron egreTca qriste ara
Tavi Tჳisi adida yofad igi mRvdelTmoZ-
Ruarad, aramed romeli-igi etyoda mas:
Ze Cemi Ãari Sen, da me dRes miSobie Sen“
(ebraelTa mimarT, 5:4-5). am mimarTebiT
Zvirfasi qva uflis rCeulis simboloa.
Tval-margalitiT aRweris metaforu-
li xerxi farTod gavrcelda bizan-
tiur mwerlobaSic. samkauli, oqro,
patiosani Tvlebi da margaliti xSirad
gvxvdeba wmindanTa epiTetebad. ioane
damaskelisa da kozman ierusalimelis
cxovrebaSi naTqvamia: „es ganTqmuli da
didebuli wmindani, WeSmaritebis WeSma-
riti samkauli“40, klimentis „Svidi wmin-
da efeseli yrmis galobanis“ Zlispir-
Sic aseTive xerxs vxvdebiT „ricxviT
39
A. Grabar, Martirium, Paris, 1946, Vol. II, p. 278-279.
40
bizantiuri mwerlobis qrestomaTia (VII s.
meore naxevari – IX s), Tb., 1993, t. II, gv. 19.
83
Svid/ patiosan Tvals brwyinvales,/
modiT, rwmeniT mivagoT pativi“41. amave
epoqis kidev erTi magaliTia iosebis
„wminda klimentis galobani“, sadac mo-
wamis Sesaxebaa naTqvami: „klimi, mowame-
Ta samkauli“42 da mr. sxv.
sasuliero mwerlobaSi aseTi metafo-
ruli daxasiaTebis arsebiTi (da SeiZle-
ba iTqvas erTaderTi) niSani ufalTan
erTobaa, rac amqveyniuris miRmur-
Tan, maradiulTan kavSirs gamoxatavs.
samkauli, oqro da Tval-margaliti
sasufevlis mkvidrobis niSania. saekle-
sio xelovnebaSi es xerxi gamoyenebulia
sxva SemTxvevebSic _ Zvirfasi Tvlebi-
Taa Semkuli uflis saydari sakurTxe-
vlis konqis mxatvrobaSi43. aseve imkoba
RvTismSoblis saydaric44, macxovrisa
da wmindanTa Saravandebi45, angelozTa
fexTsamosebi46. am niSniT Tval-marga-
litiT mooWvili jvris mTlianoba asa-
xavs ukve naxseneb interpretaciebs, ro-
gorc erTi arsebis sxvadasxva aspeqts.
Tumca, saxarebis teqsti metad azus-
tebs mooWvili jvris Sinaarss, rogorc
meored mosvlis niSans. maTes saxareba-
Si sasufevlis arsis gamoxatvisas aTi
brZeni qalwulisa da misi momdevno, mi-
41
iqve, gv. 83.
42
iqve, gv. 100.,
43
mag., timoTesubnis konqis mxatvroba. ix. Е.
Л. Привалова, Роспись Тимотесубани…, gv. 26.
44
erT-erTi magaliTia konstantinopolis
aia sofias sakurTxevlis konqis mxatvro-
ba, sadac RvTismSoblis saydarze, mozaikis
smaltis kenWebSi CarTulia Zvirfasi da na-
xevradZvirfasi qvebi. A
45
erT-erTi magaliTia wevis kedlis mxat-
vroba. ix. i. xuskivaZe, weva – wm. giorgis
eklesia da misi moxatuloba, „saqarTvelos
siZveleni“, 2012, # #15, gv. 288, 326-328.
46
timoTesubnis mxatvrobaSi gankiTxvis
dRis scenaSi sayvirian angelozebs Tval-
margalitiT Semkuli fexsacmelebi acviaT.
ix. Е. Привалова, Роспись Тимотесубани…, tab. XX-
XIV.
84

Rebuli talantis Sesaxeb igavebs asrulebs uflis didebiT mosvlis gancxadeba:

„xolo raJams movides Ze kacisaჲ didebiTa TჳsiTa da yovelni angelozni misni mis
Tana, maSin dajdes saydarsa didebisa TჳsisaTa“ (maTe, 25:31); markozis saxarebaSic
(8:38) meored mosvla analogiuradaa gamoTqmuli (markozi, 8, 38).
uflis didebiT mosvla, esqatologiuri Jami marTalTa da codvilTa ganyofaa,
rodesac naTqvami iqneba: „movediT kurTxeulno mamisa Cemisano“ (maTe, 25, 34). mar-
Talni, bizantiur mwerlobaSi gamoyenebuli xerxiT, uflis samkaulni da patiosa-
ni qvebia, romelic Zlevis triumfalur jvarze aisaxeba, rogorc israelis Tor-
meti muxlis saxeli aaronis samkerdulze. t. velmansis interpretaciis argumen-
ti _ gumbaTis yelSi arsebuli „vedreba“ aseve esqatologiuri Jamis asaxvaa. „di-
debiT mosvla“ „angelozTa wmidaTa Tana“ kedlis mxatvrobaSi aisaxeba gamoxatvis
uSualo xerxiT _ gumbaTis sferoSi jvari angelozTa TanxlebiTaa gamosaxuli,
yelSi ki winaswarmetyvelni an mociqulebi.
oSkis gumbaTis jvrebis lakoniur redaqciaSi isini TiTqosda moklebulia kon-
teqstis sisrules Tumca, gumbaTTan (zecis simbolosTan) uSualo kavSiri, samx-
reT fasadze mTavarangelozTa figurebi da amave fasadis „vedrebis“ kompozicia
(da mTlianobaSi am Temis araerTgzis warmodgena oSkis taZarSi), gumbaTis sarkm-
liszeda mooWvil jvrebSi swored am sazrisis – gankiTxvis dRis, uflis didebiT
mosvlis gamosaxvis srulyofas axdens. es ki ganuyofel kavSirSia zeciuri qala-
qis gamocxadebismier saxesTan da aseve esqatologiuri bolo dRis mimarTebasTan
_ maradiul, merve dResTan.
 85

Irma Matiashvili
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

The Painted Cross on the Drum of the Oshki Dome

The painted cross is one of the decorative elements on the facade of Oshki (963-973), namely its dome.
The equally large crosses which are identical to Processing Crosses of that epoch (see Ishkhani and Mart-
vili churches) are adorned with the imitation of gems (crux gemmata). They are located on the three-step
pedestals and come in different shapes.
According to Vakhtang Jobadze this type of cross serves as a symbol of the God’s glory and victory. The
stone bas-reliefs (the lower cornices of the dome or the collars of the eagles) of Oshki are also jeweled
with the imitations of gemstones.
The decorative ornaments on the dome are identical to the jeweled crosses from the mural paintings.
In general, the topic of cross jeweled ornaments dominates the Georgian mural art of the same period
(Ishkani, Khakhuli) and remains a popular theme of the dome adornment during the later periods as well
(Ateni, Timotesubani, etc.). The crosses of the Eastern Christian origin are also found in churches without
domes where they are traditionally placed in the central part of a vault (the Church of Joachim and Anne
in Cappadocia, Tetri Udabno and Bertubani churches in Georgia, David Gareja monastery complex etc.).
T. Virsaladze interprets appearance of this type of crosses in Georgian mural paintings as their apparition
to the saints; E. Privalova associates them with the vision of Constantine the Great.
Crux gemmata i. e. application of imitative gems is a traditional element of stone reliefs of the facade com-
positions (Jvari church of Mtskheta, 7th c.). It also appears in minor works (front of Zhaleti, Usaneti stela;
7th c.), in the sculptural adornments of the churches in Tao-Klarjeti (Ishkani, Tbeti; 9th c.) and the other
regions of Georgia (Bagrati Cathedral in Kutaisi, 1003). However, the painted cross of Oshki expresses
symbolic context more clearly.
H. Kessler emphasizes importance of the issue for Medieval art and symbolic meaning of gems in both the
Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament mentions gems in the description of Eden (Ezekiel 28, 13);
the upper part of Bishop Aaron’s cassock is adorned with 12 gems that symbolize the names of twelve
tribes of Israel. Precious stones are mentioned in the description of Celestial Jerusalem of the New Testa-
ment (the Apocalypse of John) as well.
In religious texts of Byzantine gold, gemstones and jewelry serve as epithets of the saints (Life of St. John
of Damascus, Chants of Seven Saint Infants of Ephesus, Chants of St. Clément etc.).
Symbolic meaning of the crux gemmata as part of façade decorations of Georgian churches of the 2nd half
of the 10th century is related to the notions of the Second Coming (T. Velmans) as well as of the Kingdom
of Heaven and Celestial City of Jerusalem. 
86

1. naxati jvari, oSki, 963-973 Painted cross, Oshki, 963-973

2. bagrat erisTavT-erisTavi,
oSki, 963-973
Bagrat Eristavt-Eristavi, Oshki, 963-973
 87

3. daviT kurapalatis stela, oSki, 963-973

King David’s stela, Oshki, 963-973
88

4. iustines jvari, VI s. 5. brilis sawinamZRvro jvari, X s.

Processional cross of Justin, 7th c. Processional cross of Brili, 10th c.

6. martvilis sawinamZRvro jvari, 7. balkanuri saproceso jvari, 1000-1050

XI s-is II meoTxedi Processional cross from Balcans, 1000-1050
Processional cross of Martvili,
2nd quarter of 11th c.
 89

8. jvris amaRleba, mcxeTis jvris taZari, 586-604

Ascension of the Cross, Jvari Church in Mtskheta, 586-604

9. JaleTis embazi, VI s. The Baptistery of Zhaleti, 6th c.

90

11. aAyvavebuli jvari, wromi, 626-634

Flourishing cross, Tsromi Church, 626-634

10. usaneTis stela, 781-802 12. safasado jvrebi tao-klarjeTis

Stela from Usaneti, 781-802 arqiteqturaSi (vaxtang jobaZis mixedviT)
Façade crosses from Tao-Klarjeti architecture,
According to V. Djobadze, 11th c.
 91

13. jvris amaRleba, gumbaTi, iSxani, XI s.

Ascension of the Cross, Ishkhani Dome, 11th c.

14. Semkuli jvari, afsidis konqi, sant apolinare in klase, ravena, VI s.

Crux Gemmata, vault of Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, 6th c.
92

qeTevan oCxikiZe
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti

mosazrebebi sveticxovlis aRmosavleTi fasadis

angelozTa reliefuri gamosaxulebebisa da
maTi Tavdapirveli adgilis Taobaze

sveticxovlis XI saukunis epoqaluri taZris fasadebma, mravalricxovani ngre-

va-dazianebisa da Semdgomi aRdgena-ganaxlebis Sedegad, Tavdapirveli saxe da-
karga, mis mopirkeTebaSi CarTulma, sxvadasxva drois ornamentulma filebma ki
taZris skulpturuli morTulobis mTlianoba daarRvia.
sveticxovlis taZris ramdenime bolodroindelma kvlevam1, 2012 wels, Tanamed-
rove standartiT Sesrulebulma anazomebma2 da Cvenma dakvirvebebma, saSualeba
mogvca, axali varaudi gamogveTqva sveticxovlis reliefebis adgilmdebareobi-
sa da maTi kompoziciuri wyobis Sesaxeb. Cveni varaudiT, dRes aRmosavleT fasa-
dze ganTavsebuli anglozebis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi da dasavleT fasadze
warmodgenili saydarze dabrZanebuli macxovari, Tavdapirvelad, erT scenas
Seadgenda.
sveticxovlis taZris dekoratiuli gaformebis ZiriTadi sistema, fasadebis Se-
sabamisi, sxvadasxva simaRlisa da siganis mqone dekoratiuli TaRebisa da Rrma ni-
Sebisagan Sedgeba. araerTi mecnieris miTiTebiT, taZris safasado morTulobaSi
CarTuli reliefebis garkveuli nawili gadakeTebis dros iqna gadaadgilebuli3,
Tumca, SemorCenili figuruli kompoziciebis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia gaforme-
bis zogadi sistemisa da misi Teologiuri programis savaraudo aRdgena4.
sveticxovlis fasadebis dekoratiuli gaformeba XI saukunis mxatvrul tradi-
cias efuZneba. mis morTulobas, TaRebis sistemisa da niSebis garda, mravalgvari
1
g. pataSuri, arsukisZiseuli sveticxovlis fasadTa rekonstruqcia da misi mxatvruli
Taviseburebani, saqarTvelos siZveleni, 12, Tb., 2008, gv. 112.
n. silagaZe, Teofaniis kompozicia X-XI saukuneebis qarTuli taZrebis fasadebze, Jur.
qarTvelologi, el. versia, 11 (27, 2017). http://kartvelologi.tsu.ge/public/ge/arqive/16/4 .
2
sveticxovlis 1000 wlis iubiles aRsaniSnavad, 2010-2011 ww-Si, kulturuli memkvidreo-
bis erovnuli saagentos mier, iuneskos TanadafinansebiT, ganxorcielda taZris doku-
mentaciis ganaxleba. am samuSaoebis farglebSi, 2012 wels, Tanamedrove standartebiT
gaimarTa grafikuli masalac. samuSaoebis Sesruleba qarTvel specialistebs daevalaT,
proeqtis meTodologiuri xelmZRvanelobisTvis ki kulturuli memkvidreobis dokumen-
taciis dargSi ikomosis saerTaSoriso komitetis wevri, English Heritage-s dokumentaciis
menejeri, uiliam bleiki iqna mowveuli. qarTveli specialistebis momzadebas azomvebis
Tanamedrove programuli uzrinvelyofis gamoyenebis, monacemebis Segrovebisa da da-
muSavebis mimarTulebiT swored bleiki meTvalyureobda. Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis Se-
degad, momzadda taZris ganaxlebuli, dazustebuli dokumentacia da amave dros, gamov-
linda specialistebisTvis saintereso, aqamde ucnobi ramdenime detali.
3
v. beriZe, Zveli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvreba, Tb., 1974, gv. 56, 141; n. aladaSvili, mcxeTis
sveticxovlis taZris dasavleTis fasadis reliefi, Zeglis megobari, 26, Tb., 1971, gv. 33; S.
amiranaSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis istoria, Tb., 1971, gv. 233.
4
n. aladaSvili, mcxeTis XI saukunis sveticxovlis taZris skulpturuli dekori da misi
Teologiuri programa, logosi, 1, Tb., 2003, gv. 28.

reliefuri kompoziciebi, XI saukunis
vazis stilizebuli gamosaxulebani, aR-
mosavleTi fasadis ornamentul-figu-
ruli dekori da dasavleT fasadze, an-
gelozebTan erTad warmodgenili, say-
darze mjdomi macxovaris monumenturi
skulpturuli kompozicia qmnis. qris-
tes Tanmxleb angelozebs, xelSi sura
da puri uWiravT, riTic qristianuli
RvTismsaxurebis erT-erT umniSvnelo-
vanes momentze _ ziarebis saidumloze
mianiSneben. uflis didebis es ganzoga-
debuli scena, n. aladaSvilis azriT, aq
meored mosvlas ukavSirdeba. „evqaris-
tia, romelic simbolurad ganasaxie-
rebs qristes msxverplSewirvas da am-
denad, kacobriobis xsnis zogadi ideis
amsaxvelia, aq gaazrebulia meored mos-
vlisa da gankiTxvis dRis konteqstSi
da amdenad esqatologiur mniSvnelo-
bas iZens“5 _ werda mkvlevari.
XI saukunes ganekuTvneba aRmosavleT
fasadze, sakurTxevlis sarkmlis orna-
mentuli CarCos qveda kideebTan, fre-
nis momentSi mocemuli angelozebic.
ToToeul maTgans xelSi garkveuli sa-
gani uWiravs. zogi mkvlevari (S. amira-
naSvili) maTSi sayvirebs, zogi ki grag-
nilsa da sayvirs (n. aladaSvili) xedavs.
reliefebze dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom n.
aladaSvilis versia ufro Seesabameba
sinamdviles _ Cvengan marjvena ange-
lozs, xelebis pozis mixedviT, pirTan
sayviri unda hqonoda mitanili, meores
xelebi ufro qvemoT uWiravs da maT-
Si gragnilis msgavsi sagani gairCeva.
sveticxovlis angelozTa poza, maTi
sxeulisa da xelebis mdgomareoba adas-
turebs, rom isini simetriuli kompozi-
ciis nawilebs warmoadgendnen da cent-
risken unda yofiliyvnen mimarTulni.
mkvlevarTa azriT, angelozebi scenis
centrSi moTavsebuli qristes figuris
5
iqve, gv. 28-29.
93
Tanmxlebni unda yofiliyvnen da aseT-
nairad, meored mosvlis scenas Sead-
gendnen (sur. 1).
sveticxovelis safasado skulpture-
bis Sinaarsisa da maTi adgilmdebareo-
bis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi
sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisi arsebobs. S.
amiranaSvili miiCnevda, rom dasavleTi
fasadis frontonze moTavsebuli kom-
pozicia „gankiTxvis dRes“ asaxavs da
am reliefebs ekuTvnis ori angelozis
gamosaxuleba aRmosavleTi fasadi-
dan, romelTac sayviri aqvT xelSi6. n.
aladaSvili ki fiqrobda, rom aRmosa-
vleT fasadze unda yofiliyo amaRle-
bis tipis siuJeti, romlis Semadgenel
nawilebs warmoadgenen es angelozebi,
xelSi gragniliTa da sayviriT. sayviri
angelozis xelSi ara mxolod meored
mosvlis, aramed amaRlebis mauwyebe-
lic SeiZleba iyos7.
garda sayovelTaod miRebuli Tvalsa-
zrisisa, romlis mixedviTac sveticxo-
vlis aRmosavleTi fasadis angeloze-
bi esqatologiuri Sinaarsis Semcveli
scenis nawilebs warmoadgenen, arsebobs
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebac, romelic
qeTevan ColoyaSvils ekuTvnis. mkvle-
vari am angelozebs „sveticxovlis aR-
marTva-amaRlebis“ kompoziciis nawile-
bad ganixilavs 8, xolo angelozTa xel-
Si sxvadasxva formis sagnebi, SesaZloa,
`sueti cxovelis~ `sakraluri nawilebis
6
S. amiranaSvili, qarTuli..., Tb., 1971, gv.
233-234.
7
amaze yuradReba migvaqcevina q-ma asmaT
oqropiriZem, romelmac aRniSna, rom es fa-
qti amaRlebis sakiTxavebSi dasturdeba. am
informaciisTvis did madlobas movaxse-
nebT mas.
8
q. ColoyaSvili, erTi ikonografiuli pro-
gramis aRdgenis cda sveticxovlis aRmosa-
vleT fasadze, Tbilisis, iv. javaxiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis Sro-
mebi, 326, istoria, arqeologia, xelovnebaT-
mcodneoba, eTnografia, Tb., 1998, gv. 91-96.
94
da nivTebis~9 (ra nivTebs gulisxmobs aq
q. ColoyaSvili, miTiTebuli ar aris _
q. o.) Sesanaxi piqsida-sanawileebi iyos.
am Tvalsazriss mkvlevars umyarebs XI
saukunis 20-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos sa-
patriarqos daarsebisa da amave period-
Si, sveticxovlis, rogorc sapatriarqo
taZris statusiT ageba. aseTnairad, mis
dekorSi rTuli azrobrivi, konfesiu-
ri datvirTvis mqone, „sveticxovlis
aRmarTva-amaRlebis“ sakraluri idea
iqneboda gacocxlebuli da erovnuli
ikonografiis es Tema, eklesiis avtoke-
faliis statuss gansakuTrebul mniSv-
nelobas mianiWebda10. garda amisa, mkvle-
varisTvis sagulisxmoa g. CubinaSvilis
mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac „mcxeTis
pirvelaRmarTul jvarSi `sueti cxove-
lis~ sanawile unda yofiliyo ganTav-
sebuli, riTac pirvelaRmarTul jvars
sakraluri mniSvneloba eniWeboda. am-
denad, piqsida-sanawiliT angelozebis
gamosaxvas Tavisi istoriuli safuZ-
vlebi gaaCnia“11 _ wers q. ColoyaSvili.
mkvlevars, CvenSi svetis aRmarTva-amaR-
lebis ikonografiuli programis arse-
bobis dasadastureblad, magaliTebad
mohyavs scenebi garejis udabnos mo-
nastris sadiakvnesa12 da sveticxovelis
moxatulobebidan13 (XIII da XVII saukunee-
bi), siuJeturi gamosaxulebebi anton
da besarion kaTalikosis sabeWdavebze
9
iqve, gv. 95.
10
iqve, gv. 95.
11
iqve, gv. 96.
12
q. ColoyaSvili axsenebs, g
A arejis udabnos
monastris sadiakvneSi arsebul wminda ninos
cxovrebis ciklis erTerT scenas, sadac,
oTxi angelozi aRamaRlebs mandorlaSi ar-
sebul svets da miuTiTebs, rom S. amiranaS-
vili mxatvrobas XIII saukuniT aTariRebda
(ix. q. ColoyaSvili dasax. naSr. gv. 93.).
13
mxatvar grigol guljavarasaSvilis mier
moxatuli, sveticxovlis interierSi arse-
buli svetis erT-erT waxnagze gamosaxuli
sveticxovlis aRmarTva-amaRlebis scena
(ix. iqve.).
(XVIII da XIX saukuneebi), XIX saukunis ori
ferweruli xati da sxv. kaTalikosTa
sabeWdavebze dasturdeba `sueti cxove-
lis~ amaRlebis scenebi14, magram ara img-
varad, ra saxiT aRdgenasac gvTavazobs
mkvlevari sveticxovlis aRmosavleT
fasadze, TiTqos, es iyo or mfrinav an-
gelozs Soris moqceuli wminda sveti15.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarseba
da mironis moxarSvis uflebis mopove-
ba udavod, Zalze mniSvnelovani faqti
iyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi da mcxeTis
sakaTalikoso taZris ageba mironmdina-
re svetis aRmarTvis adgilze, garkveul
simbolur mniSvnelobasac iZens, magram,
vfiqrobT, es ar aris sakmarisi imis-
Tvis, rom am grandiozuli maStabebis
14
s. barnaveli, saqarTvelos sabeWdavebi
da sxva gliptikuri masalebi, Tb., 1965, gv.
123-154, tab. XXII-XXVIII; a. baqraZe, masalebi
qarTuli sfragistikis istoriisaTvis (sa-
kaTalikoso beWdebi), saqarTvelos feoda-
luri xanis istoriis sakiTxebi, II, Tb., 1972,
gv. 109-119, tab. III.
15
sfragistikuli masalis gacnobam gviCve-
na, rom sveticxovlis amaRlebis siuJeti
oTx sakaTalikoso sabeWdavzea gamosaxuli.
esenia: domenti II-s droindeli, didi sakaTa-
likoso sabeWdavi, kaTalikosebis _ domen-
ti III-is, besarion orbeliSvilisa da anton
I-is sabeWdavebi. amaTgan, anton kaTalikosis
beWedi Sesabamisi kompoziciiT, tabulebSi
mocemuli ar aris, danarCen sam maTganze,
vxedavT saflavad mdebare wminda sidonias,
mis zemoT svets, ori figuris TanxlebiT.
or beWedze svetis maRla gvirgvinia (do-
menti III-is, besarionis sabeWdavebi), erTze
ki mesvetis msgavsi gamosaxuleba (domen-
ti II-is sabeWdavi). am sami nimuSidan, svetis
winaSe muxlmoyrili erTi angelozi vnaxeT
mxolod kaTalikos domenti III-is sabeWda-
vze, kaTalikos besarionis beWedze fotos
cudi xarisxis gamo, angelozis figura ver
gavarCieT, Tumca kargad Cans qalis figu-
ra svetis meore mxares. domenti II-seul sa-
beWdavze, svetis gverdiT mdgomi figurebi
identificirdebian rogorc qalTa gamosa-
xulebebi, yvela CamoTvlil sabeWdavze ga-
mosaxul qalTagan erTi wminda ninoa.

mqone taZris fasadebze, erovnuli iko-
nografiis Semcveli scenebis arseboba
vivaraudoT. garda amisa, am azrs unda
ewinaaRmdegebodes, aRmosavleTi fasa-
dis angelozebis xelebis gansxvavebuli
pozebi, gansakuTrebiT ki, erT-erTi maT-
ganis pirTan mitanili xeli, rac gvafiq-
rebinebs, rom igi namdvilad sayviriani
angelozi unda iyos, es, ki, Sinaarsobri-
vad ver daukavSirdeba, q. ColoyaSvilis
mier navaraudeb scenas. logikuri iqne-
boda gvefiqra, rom sakaTalikoso kaT-
edrali Semkuli iyo misTvis Sesaferisi,
triumfaluri, sazeimo Sinaarsis mqone
kompoziciiT an kompoziciebiT, sadac,
fasadebis mxatvruli gaformeba mis ga-
regnul sidiades harmoniulad Seerwy-
meboda da masTan erTad, erTian arqite-
qturul ansambls Seqmnida.
sveticxovlis aRmosavleTi fasdis re-
liefebze arsebobs nino silagaZis ki-
dev erTi kvleva16. avtori garkveulad
miyveba naTela aladaSvilis versias da
Tvlis, rom sveticxovlis dasavleTi
fasadis uflis didebis gamomxatveli
evqaristiis kompoziciis Sesabamisi,
qristes meored mosvlis scena, aRmosa-
vleT fasadze unda arsebuliyo, oRond,
aucileblad, mfrinavi angelozebisa da
meored mosvlis konteqstSi, maxarebel-
Ta simboloebad miCneul figurebTan
erTad. misi versiis mixedviT, scenidan
dReisaTvis dakargulia taxtze mjdo-
mi qristes figura da ori maxareblis
simbolo (arwivi da lomi adgilzea).
dasavleT kompoziciis msgavsad, aRmo-
savleT fasadzec qriste mandorlis
gareSe iqneboda warmodgenili, radgan
angelozebs xeliT ar uWiravT is, ara-
med Tavisufali frenis pozaSi gvevli-
nebian gragniliTa da sayviriT xelSi.
16
n. silagaZe, Teofaniis kompozicia X-XI
saukuneebis qarTuli taZrebis fasadebze,
Jur. qarTvelologis el. versia, 11 (27, 2017).
http://kartvelologi.tsu.ge/public/ge/arqive/16/4 .
95
amgvari scenebis arsebobis sailustra-
ciod, mkvlevars mohyavs miniatura-
Ta magaliTebi beatusis xelnawerTa
jgufidan, romelic apokalifsis yvela-
ze srulyofil da vrcel versiebad aris
miCneuli da maT dasuraTebaSi „ioanes
gamocxadebis umniSvnelovanes fragmen-
tebSi vxvdebiT bevr iseT elements, ro-
melic sveticxovlis fasadebze amJamad
qaoturadaa ganlagebuli17.“ mkvlevari
marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom sveticxov-
lis safasado skulpturebi arsobrivad
Teofanias ukavSirdeba da isini taZris
eqsterieris Sesabamisi sazeimo, trium-
faluri xasiaTis unda yofiliyo. `sve-
ticxovlis SemTxvevaSi, esqatologiuri
Sinaarsis reliefuri kompozicia gan-
lagebulia dasavleT fasadze da, sava-
raudod, arsebobda aRmosavleT mxare-
sac. sxva sityvebiT, ormxriv simetrias-
Tan gvaqvs saqme... es savsebiT logikuri
gadawyvetaa mcxeTis sakaTedro taZris
wagrZelebuli, bazilikuri tipis kor-
pusis formidan gamomdinare...… ostat-
ma SeinarCuna korpusis moyvaniloba da
fasadebis morTulobis umTavres mxat-
vrul aqcentad maTi ritmis ganmsazRv-
reli TaRedi aqcia. amrigad saxezea ara
oTxi met-naklebad Tanabari (rogorc
nikorwmindaSi), aramed ori wyvili Tana-
bari fasadebisa18~ _ wers n. silagaZe.
sveticxovlis eqsterierSi uflis si-
diadis warmosaCenad Teofaniuri kom-
poziciis arseboba, marTlac gamarTle-
bulia, magram, vfiqrobT, ara im saxiT,
rogorsac zemoxsenebuli kvleva gv-
Tavazobs. analogiuri siuJetis mqone
scena qarTuli mqandakeblobis isto-
riaSi ar gvxvdeba da misi Sedareba xel-
nawerTa miniaturebTan (miT umetes ara-
qarTulTan) maTi gansxvavebuli speci-
fikis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonili
17
iqve.
18
iqve.
96
ar unda iyos, miT ufro, rom qarTuli
safasado qandakeba arasodes yofila
iseTi detalizebuli TxrobaSi, rogo-
ric dasavleTevropuli miniatura da
misi Sesaferisi safasado reliefebi.
sveticxovlis aRmosvleTi fasadis re-
liefebis Tavdapirvel kompoziciaze
arsebuli mosazrebebis SejamebiT ase-
Ti suraTi warmogvidgeba: mkvlevarTa
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom aRmosavleTi
fasadis angelozebi didi kompoziciis
nawilia, rom dasavleTi fasadis Sesa-
bamisi reliefis arseboba aRmosavle-
TiTac igulisxmeba da rom am reliefis
centaluri nawili (qriste _ aladaS-
vilisa da silagaZis mosazrebiT, xolo
`sueti cxoveli~ _ ColoyaSvilis mixe-
dviT) dakargulia. unda aRiniSnos, rom
mkvlevarebi reliefebs ganixilavdnen
gankerZoebulad, taZris arqiteqturi-
sa da fasadebis dekoratiuli sistemis
proporciebisa da sxva Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, amitom mniSvne-
lovani kiTxvebi pasuxgaucemeli, xolo
fasadze reliefebis kompoziciuri ga-
nawilebis ragvaroba, bundovani rCebo-
da. Cven, SevecadeT, swored sveticxov-
lis taZris arqiteqturisa da fasadebis
saerTo dekoratiuli sistemis gaTva-
liswinebiT gagveazrebina problema da
mTlianobaSi warmogvedgina reliefebis
Tavdapirveli ganlageba da ise Semogve-
Tavazebina axali varaudi mis Sesaxeb.
CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebSi gasark-
vevad dagvexmara naSromi, romelic miz-
nad isaxavda, sveticxovlis fasadebze
XI saukunis fenis gamoyofasa da mis re-
konstruqcias. giorgi pataSuris kvle-
vis mixedviT, taZris fasadebi Semkuli
iyo uwyveti TaRnariT, ramac mniSvne-
lovnad gansazRvra adgili skulptu-
ruli reliefebisaTvis. am ukanaskneli
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mkvleva-
ri fiqrobs, rom aRmosavleTi fasadis
frontoni dRes dasavleT fasadze mo-
Tavsebuli ziarebis kompoziciiT unda
yofiliyo Sevsebuli, xolo dasavleTi
fasadi siuJeturi kompoziciebiT sa-
erTod ar mourTavT19. am azrs Cvenc ve-
TanxmebiT, Tumca aRmosavleTi fasadis
kompozicias ufro gamTlianebuli sa-
xiT warmovadgenT.
Cveni dakvirvebiTac, dasavleT fasa-
dze reliefi _ aRsaydrebuli qriste
angelozebiT, erT-erTi aRdgenis dros
unda iyos Casmuli. amas adasturebs re-
liefis marTlac uCveulo mdebareoba,
uSualod frontonis kexisa da dekora-
tiuli TaRis centralur nawils Soris
arsebul mcire areze, sadac is TiTqos
ZaliT aris Casmuli. am adgilisTvis
mosargebad reliefi CamoWres kidec,
ris gamoc, is frontonis kexSi CaWedi-
liviT gamoiyureba (sur. 2). amdenad,
Cveni azriTac, es reliefuri kompozi-
cia Tavdapirvelad sxva, ufro vrcel
areze unda yofiliyo ganTavsebuli.
aseT ared, ki, Cvenc aRmosavleTi fasa-
di, kerZod, frontonis sibrtye gvesa-
xeba. dRes aq CarTulia TaRSi moTavse-
buli samsarkmliani kompozicia, rome-
lic aSkarad gviani periodisaa. rogorc
zemoT iTqva, dasavleTi reliefis Tav-
dapirvelad aRmosavleT fasadze arse-
bobis varaudi, jer kidev Salva amira-
naSvilma gamoTqva20, giorgi pataSuris
kvleviT ki, sveticxovlis aRmosavleTi
fasadis dekoratiuli TaRedis simaRle
da proporciebic Tavdapirvelia, xolo
mis zemoT arsebuli frontonis sibr-
tye mTlianad aRdgenilia. aqedan Cans,
rom Tavidanve Sua TaRi arc uaxlovde-
boda fontonis ares. gamodis, rom sve-
ticxovlis aRmosavleTi fasadis cent-
raluri TaRis Tavze arsebuli sakmaod
19
g. pataSuri, arsukisZiseuli sveticxov-
lis fasadTa rekonstruqcia da misi mxat-
vruli Taviseburebani, saqarTvelos siZve-
leni, 12, Tb., 2008, gv. 112.
20
S. amiranaSvili, qarTuli... gv. 234.

didi sivrce, TiTqos sagangebod, didi
reliefuri kompoziciisaTvis yofila
datovebuli.
2011-2012 wlebSi iuneskos mxardaWeriT
Sesrulebuli axali anazomebi Cven am
versiis gaziarebis da kidev ufro gan-
viTarebis saSualebas gvaZlevs. am ana-
zomebis mixedviT, vxedavT, rom zemo-
aRniSnuli kompoziciis garda, am areze
sxva figurebic Tavisuflad ganTav-
seboda. es ki safuZvels gvaZlevs viva-
raudoT, rom sveticxovlis aRmosavle-
Ti fasadis qveda areze moTavsebuli
ori angelozis figura, dRes dasavleT
fasadze arsebuli, saydarze mjdomi
qristes kompoziciis nawili iyo da Ta-
vdapirvelad aRmosavleTi frontonis
areze Tavsdeboda.
am mosazrebisken, pirvel rigSi, sxva-
dasxva garemoebebis urTerTSejerebam
gvibiZga. pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos,
rom qronologiurad sveticxovlis
axlo periodis taZrebis fasadTa msga-
vsi areeebis skulpturuli kompozicie-
biT Semkoba araerTgvarovnad xdeboda.
magaliTad, oSkis, iSxnis, bagratis, ala-
verdis taZrebis SemorCenil fronto-
nebze dekoratiuli TaRi adis da iq re-
liefuri gamosaxulebisTvis calke ad-
gili ar aris datovebuli. oSkSi iSxaSi,
samTavroSi da a.S. reliefuri gamosaxu-
lebebi dekoratiuli TaRis areSia gan-
lagebuli. rac vfiqrobT, imis dastu-
ria, rom am xanebSi fasadis gaformebis
erT-erT saSualebad amgvari xerxi iyo
damkvidrebuli (calkeuli figurebis an
sxva dekoratiuli detalebis, fasadis
centraluri TaRis farglebSi moqceva).
g
G vxvdeba fasadTa sxvagvari gadawyve-
tis nimuSic: es aris nikorwmindis ta-
Zari. aq, frontonebze reliefebisTvis
vrceli areeebia datovebuli da isini
momumenturi kompoziciebiT aris ga-
formebuli. sveticxovlis aRmosavle-
Ti fasadis msgavsad, nikorwmindaSic
97
dekoratiuli TaRebi ar wvdeba fron-
tonis ares.
am SemTxvevaSi, SegviZlia visaubroT
eklesiaTa frontonebis reliefebiT
Semkobis ara garkveuli, erTi tradi-
ciis arsebobaze, aramed ufro xuroT-
moZRvarTa individualur gadawyve-
taze. Cveni dakvirvebis mixedviT, sve-
ticxovlis dasavleTi an aRmosavleTi
fasadis frontonSi reliefuri gamosa-
xulebebis ganTavseba aucileblobas ar
warmoadgenda da savsebiT dasaSvebia,
rom didi reliefuri kompozicia mxo-
lod aRmosavleT fasadze yofiliyo.
xolo taZris dazianebis Semdgom, aRd-
genisas, es reliefi ziarebis komponen-
tebiT aRmosavleTi fasadis nacvlad,
dasavleT frontonze moeTavsebinaT.
sveticxovlis fasadebze aRdgenili
TaRnaris struqturas da proporciebs
realuri safuZveli gaaCnia. g. pataSu-
ris daskvniT, dasavleT fasadze taZris
perangi srulad Tavidan unda iyos aRd-
genili21, Tanac, Tavidanve Sua dekora-
tiul TaRs mTlianad unda Sevso are: aq
didi reliefis adgili aRar rCeba. sve-
ticxovelSi arc erTi fasadi ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli aseTi maStaburi zo-
mis skulpturul qandakebaTa jgufi-
saTvis, garda aRmosavleTi fasadisa.
am daskvnam gvibiZga sveticxovlis aR-
mosavleTi da dasavleTi fasadebis re-
liefebis urTierTdamokidebulebisa
da maTi savaraudo adgilmdebareobis
Taobaze Cveneuli versia gamogveTqva.
sveticxovelSi dekoratiuli elemen-
tebis SesaZlo mdebareobis Sesaxeb ze-
moxsenebuli versiebis damuSaveba-gan-
xilvam da sveticxovlis fasadebze de-
koratiuli TaRnaris aRdgenis Zalze
damajerebelma cdam, gvibiZga gamo-
gveTqva varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom say-
daze mjdomi qristes reliefuri kom-
poziciis adgili, mxolod aRmosavleTi
21
g. pataSuri, arsukisZiseuli..., gv. 105.
98
fasadis frontonis sibrtyezea, rom-
lis nawils warmoadgens dRes aq arsebu-
li, ori mfrinavi angelozi sxvadasxva
sagniT xelSi. Cveni versiiT, es iqnebo-
da aRsaydrebuli qriste, oTx mfrinav
angelozTan erTad. anu qristes orsav
mxares ganlagebuli angelozebis qve-
moT, unda yofiliyo simetriuladve
ganTavsebuli, aRmosavleT fasadze
Casmuli angelozebi. aseTi kompozicia
savsebiT damajereblad geCveneba, Tu
gavixsenebT nikorwmindas. nikorwmin-
dis reliefSi, aRsaydrebuli qriste,
oTx angelozTan erTad aris warmod-
genili. am SemTxvevaSi, nikorwmindisa
da sveticxovlis reliefebi kompozi-
ciurad Zalian emsgavsebian erTmaneTs,
Tumca, sveticxovelSi qristes irgv-
liv Semokrebili TiToeuli angelozi
gansxvavebuli nivTiT xelSia. esenia:
puri, doqi, gragnili, sayviri22. yvela
angelozi erTmaneTTan azrobriv kav-
SirSia, iseve rogorc qristes amaRleba
da sayviriani angelozebi nikorwminda-
Si (amaRleba-meored mosvla).
radganac sveticxovlis arqiteqtori,
taZris ageba-gaformebaSi siaxleebisa-
ken miiltvis, SeiZleboda mas es inte-
resi reliefuri morTulobis mimarTac
gamoeCina da Tavisi saocari qmnileba
originalurad gadawyvetili kompozi-
ciiT daemSvenebina, romlis warmodgeni-
sas gvaxsendeba qristes sityvebi: „ukue-
Tu ara sWamoT xorci Zisa kacisaჲ da
suaT sisxli misi, ara gaqunedes cxore-
baჲ Tavsa Soris TqvenTa. xolo romeli
Wamdes xorcsa Cemsa da sumides sisxlsa
Cemsa, aqundes cxorebaჲ saukunoჲ, da me
aRvadgino igi ukuanasknelsa mas dResa.
rameTu xorci Cemi WeSmariti saWmeli
22
zogadad, amaRlebisa da meored mosvlis
kompoziciebSi angelozebs xelT sxvadasxva
saganebi uWiravT. es SeiZleba iyos: gragni-
li, sayviri, saswori, Subi, sfero, lursma-
ni, gvirgvini, gasaRebi, droSa, xmali, mze,
mTvare an iyos cis dagragvnis procesSi.
ars, da sisxli Cemi WeSmariti sasumeli
ars. da romeli Wamdes xorcsa Cemsa da
sumides sisxlsa Cemsa, igi Cem Tana dad-
gomil ars da me mis Tana“ (ioane 6-53:56).
am sityvebiT, qristem gvauwya ziarebis
mniSvneloba, misi miRebis gziT, saukuno
cxovrebis damkvidrebis SesaZlebloba
da meored mosvlis Jams, qristes rCeu-
lTa Soris moxvedris gza gviCvena. meo-
red mosvlaze, aq, sayviriani da gragni-
liani angelozebi mianiSneben.
amgvarad agebuli kompoziciis safuZv-
lebi, amaRlebis oTxangelozian ikono-
grafiul redaqciebSi SeiZleba veZioT.
erT-erT aseT adreul magaliTs brda-
Zoris qvasvetze (VI s.) vxvdebiT, mart-
vilSi aseTive macxovris amaRlebaa (VII
s.), oTxangeloziani jvris amaRlebis
gamosaxulebaa yaCaRanis qvis jvarze (VII
s.), xaxulis timpanze (X s.). gansakuTre-
biT aRsaniSnavia, nikorwmindisa da kac-
xis jvris amaRlebis reliefebi, sadac
angelozebi morkaluli torsiT, sxeu-
lis rTuli moZraobebiT sveticxovlis
angelozebs hgvanan. amaRlebis oTxan-
geloziani kompoziciebis gadamuSavebu-
li varianti unda yofiliyo sveticxo-
vlis aRmosavleTi fasadis reliefic,
romelic Zalian hgavs nikorwmindis samx-
reTi fasadis „meored mosvlis“ scenas.
werilis dasawyisSi, SemTxveviT ar gvix-
senebia sveticxovlis axali, dazuste-
buli anazomebis mniSvneloba Semdgo-
mi kvlevebisaTvis. axalma anazomebma,
saSualeba mogvca, dagvedgina, dasavle-
Tisa da aRmosavleTi fasadebis figu-
raTa zomebi da maT Soris Tanafardoba
gangvesazRvra. aRmoCnda, rom aRmosa-
vleTi fasadis angelozebis zomebi,
ramdenadme aRemateba, ziarebis kom-
poziciaSi Semaval angelozTa zomebs.
es monacemebi gaxda, kidev erTi sabuTi,
Cveneuli versiis argumentirebisaTvis.
aRmosavleTi fasadis Cven mier navarau-
debi kompoziciis rekonstruirebuli

varianti warmodgenilia naxazze23 (sur.
3), romelic fasadisa da SemorCenili
reliefebis realur zomebs emyare-
ba: aRsaydrebuli qristes centralur
figuras Tan axlda oTxi angelozi, ori
mis gverdebze, ori ki maT qvemoT. es
ukanasknelni, TavianTi zomebiT, avse-
ben zeda sami figuris qvemoT arsebul
sivrces da organulad ewerebian kom-
poziciaSi (Tavis droze es angelozebi,
qristes Tanmxleb angelozTa msgavsad
unda yofiliyvnen „haerSi dakidulni“,
axla ki maTi sxeulebi „amobrunebulia“
da TiTqos zemodan qvemoT miemarTeba).
aRsaniSnavia, rom angelozTa figurebi
sxvadasxva moZraobas gamosaxaven. su-
riani angelozis sxeuli ufro metad
eqspresiulia, misi fexebi zemoT, tanis
paralelurad aris mimarTuli da Seda-
rebiT rTul moZraobaSia gadmocemuli,
vidre angelozi puriT xelSi, romel-
sac muxlSi moxrili fexebi, ubralod
ganze aqvs gaSverili. sainteresoa, rom
aRmosavleTi fasadis angelozebsac ms-
gavsi pozebi aqvT, oRond sapirispiro
monacvleobiT. gamodis, rom Cvens mier
warmodgenil scenaSi, oTxi angelozi,
jvaredini monacvleobiT imeoreben
erTmaneTis moZraobas da amiT gansxva-
vebul simetriul kompozicias qmnian.
vfiqrobT, gamoricxuli ar aris sve-
ticxovlis aRmosavleT fasadze war-
modgenili yofiliyo nikorwmindis
„meored mosvlis“ msgavsi scena _ aR-
saydrebuli qriste da mis irgvliv oTxi
angelozi _ evqaristiasa da meored
mosvlaze mimaniSnebeli sagnebiT xel-
Si. dasavleT fasadze arsebuli kom-
pozicia, bunebrivad rom ar zis fron-
tonis kexis qvemo sibrtyeSi, es ukve
avRniSneT. am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs
erTi angelozis cali frTis naklebo-
23
kompiuteruli rekonstruqcia, 2012 wlis
anazomis safuZvelze, Seasrula ivane kikna-
Zem.
99
ba, romelic, masa da frontonis karnizs
Soris darCenili adgilis siviwrovis
gamo, aq arafriT moTavsdeboda. misi
ararseboba arRvevs kompoziciis simet-
riasa da wonasworobas. angelozebi im-
denad hgvanan erTmaneTs, rom saeWvoa,
meore maTgans raime akldes, miT ufro,
misi arsis ganmsazRvreli sxeulis nawi-
li, romelic amave dros, mewyvile an-
gelozis msgavsad, afrialebuli saxiT,
sxeulis pozasTan erTad, haerSi liv-
livs unda gamotaxavdes. am angelozis
SemorCenili erTi frTa, masa da macxo-
vris taxts Soris isea moqceuli, rom
arc ki Cans, amitom vfiqrobT, rom mas
aucileblad meore frTac unda hqono-
da, romelic Sori manZilidanac kargad
aRsaqmeli iqneboda. Tu davuSvebT ver-
sias, rom evqaristiis adgili Tavidanve
dasavleT fasadze iyo, maSin TaRsa da
sarkmlis TavsarTs sxvanairi forma,
zoma, mdebareoba unda hqonoda, raTa
kompoziciis srulyofilad ganlagebi-
sa da aRqmisaTvis meti adgili darCeni-
liyo. es ki warmoudgenelia, radgan Sua
TaRi organulad jdeba fasadis gafor-
mebis sistemaSi, rogorc centrisaken
ritmulad ganviTarebadi kompoziciis
elementi. arqiteqtoris mier, dasavle-
Ti fasadis Taviseburi, novatoruli ga-
damuSavebis maCvenebeli, swored, gver-
diTa TaRebTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT
didi centraluri TaRis fasadis mTel
siganeze ganTavsebaa, rac im drois arc
erT taZarze ar gvxvdeba24. aq arsebuli
mdidruli gaformeba _ sarkmlis far-
To ornamentuli sapire, dagrexili
lilvebiT Seqmnili svetebi, masze da-
myarebuli TavsarTiT, gadmokidebuli
foTlovani motivis mqone ornamentiT
gaformebuli Sida are da mis zemoT ga-
dasrolili, aseTive elementebis mqone
centraluri TaRi, sakmarisi raoden-
obis dekoratiuli elementebis mobi-
24
g. pataSuri, arsukisZiseuli,… gv. 106-107.
100

lizebas axdens centralur safasado areze. TaRi TiTqosda unda agvirgvinebdes

fasadis morTulobas da frontonis karnizsa da sarkmlis TavsarTs Soris erTg-
var mijnadac unda gvevlinebodes, maTi mcire manZiliT erTmaneTTan daSorebis
gamo. vertikalurad ganviTarebad ornamentul reliefebs ayolebul mnaxvelis
Tvals Suq-Crdilis mkveTri monacvleobis mqone, rTulad profilirebuli sarkm-
lis TavsarTi itacebs, aq akeTebs pauzas, nanaxiT datvirTuls, TaRovani „mijnis“
iqiT arsebuli kompoziciis aRqma uWirs da TiTqos yuradRebis miRma tovebs mas.
vfiqrobT, xuroTmoZRvari dekoratiuli elementebis amgvari uxvi gamoyenebiT
ar gadatvirTavda fasads, sam maTgans is swored TaRiT daasrulebda da amiT daa-
gvirgvinebda gaformebis sistemas. TaRnaris dinamikidan gamomdinare, ziarebis
reliefuri kompoziciisTvis adgili mxolod aRmosavleT fasadze rCeba, sadac,
yvela sxva fasadTan SedarebiT, centraluri TaRi gacilebiT dabalia da mis ze-
moT adgili skulpturul qandakebaTa jgufisTvisac iqneboda, dRes aq arsebuli
sammagi sarkmlis adgilze, romelic gviani restavraciis Sedegia25.
am Tvalsazriss SegviZlia davupirispiroT mxolod reliefebis damuSavebis sti-
listuri mxare. miuxedavad orive fasadis angelozebis mravalmxrivi urTierTms-
gavsebisa, maT Soris gansxvavebac SeiZleba SevniSnoT samosis, frTebis, moculo-
biTi formebis gadmocemis mxriv. es garemoeba gansxvavebuli xelis mqone sxva-
dasxva ostatis muSaobiT SeiZleba aixsnas.
Tu davuSvebT, rom reliefis Cveneuli rekonstruqcia realuria, wamoiWreba kidev
erTi sakiTxi, romelic aseve pasuxis gacemas iTxovs. es kiTxva Seexeba gviani perio-
dis sam sarkmels, romelic dRes aRmosavleTi frontonis arezea. sakurTxevlis
Tavze arsebuli sivrce funqciurad saWiroebda ganaTebas. vfiqrobT, sarkmlebi
aq Tavidanve arsebobda, Tumca ara aseTi formisa. msgavsi viwro sarkmlebi gvian
Sua saukuneebs axasiaTebs. am SemTxvevaSic unda moviSvelioT nikorwmindis taZa-
ri, sadac frontonis areze ganTavsebuli reliefuri kompoziciis nawilad gvev-
lineba wriuli sarkmlebi, romlebic scenis aqeT-iqiTaa ganTavsebuli. vfiqrobT,
sveticxovelSic SesaZlebelia msgavsi gadawyveta gvqonoda (sur. 4).
amgvarad, axalma teqnikurma da Teoriulma kvlevebma, adre gamoTqmuli versiebis
gadaxedva-gaTvaliswinebam, safuZveli gaumzada Cvens versias _ sveticxovlis
aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi fasadebis skulpturebi gangvexila rogorc erTi,
originalurad gadawyvetili kompoziciis nawilebi da maTi Tavdapirveli ganTav-
sebis adgilad aRmosavleTi fasadi migveCnia. aseTi saxiT warmodgenili Tema imave
periodSi Seqmnili nikorwmindis taZris „meored mosvlis“ reliefTan hpovebs ka-
vSirs, rogorc Sinaarsis, ise, formis mixedviT da Temisadmi epoqisaTvis saxasia-
To, esqatologiur interess pasuxobs. bunebrivia, reliefis rekonstruirebis
axali versia axal-axal kiTxvebs warmoSobs (qveda are Seuvsebelia, sad SeiZlebo-
da yofiliyo lomisa da arwivis gamosaxulebis adgili da sxva), romlebic damate-
biT kvlevas moiTxovs, rac, vimedovnebT, SemdgomSi ganxorcieldeba.

25
g. CubinaSvili, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvreba saSualo saukuneebSi da misi sami mTavari
kaTedrali, tfilisi, 1925, gv. 124.
 101

Ketevan Ochkhikidze
Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgia State University

Several Opinions on Relief Images of Angels on the Eastern Facade

of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Their Initial Location

Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, epochal monument of 11th century, has been destroyed, damaged and restored
several times during the centuries. Due to this fact the facade of the cathedral has lost its initial appear-
ance.
Several recent researches, newly done measurements and observations enabled us to make a new as-
sumption about the location and composition of Svetitskhoveli reliefs.
There is a composition of monumental sculpture of Christ seated on the throne together with angels on
the Western facade of the cathedral. Angels accompanying Jesus Christ have bread and cup (pitcher) in
their hands, indicating to the important aspect of Christian dogma – Eucharist. According to the scientists,
this generalized scene of glorifying the Lord is related to the Second Coming.
Flying angels on the bottom edge of the altar window on the Eastern facade, also belong to the 11th cen-
tury. They hold the horn and scroll in their hands. Angels’ posture proves that they were part of symmet-
rical composition and should have been directed towards one center, presumably to the figure of Christ.
Thus, the composition, considering the objects in the angels’ hands, corresponds to the iconography of the
Second Coming.
We believe that reliefs on the Eastern facade and Christ and angels on the Western facade are parts of
the same composition. According to our version, the seated Christ with four angels would have been de-
picted in the original composition. The studies of the 11th century layer, reconstruction of the arches and
new measurements say that the place for such composition would have been only in the pediment of the
Eastern part of the facade. The part of it, Christ with angels, must have been taken to the Western facade
during one of the restorations, where it is located in unusually narrow (small) space. The measurements
have shown that the dimensions of the angels on the Eastern facade are slightly larger than the relief of
the Western facade. This data is proving our version. It turns out that they fill the space in the bottom parts
of the three upper pieces and intrinsically join the composition. The restoration of this kind seems to be
quite convincing, if we recall Nikortsminda’s “Second Coming” relief. The topic presented in Svetitskhoveli
is related to the one of Nikortsminda not only content-wise but also because of the shape and answers
the characteristic, eschatological interest of the epoch towards it.
102

1. sveticxoveli, dasavleTi fasadi Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, Western façade

2. sveticxoveli, aRmosavleTi fasadi Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, Eastern façade

 103

3. sveticxoveli, aRmosavleTi fasadis frontoni, rekonstruqcia

Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, pediment of the Eastern facade, reconstruction

4. sveticxoveli, aRmosavleTi fasadi,

rekonstruqcia
Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, Eastern facade, reconstruction
104

ana mgalobliSvili
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

religiuri vizualuri kulturis kvlevis meTodologiisaTvis

Tanamedrove samyaroSi yoveldRiuri realoba pirdapir kavSirSia vizualur ga-

mocdilebasTan, romelic suraT-xatebTan, vizualur niSnebTan urTierTobaSi
ikveTeba1. vizualuri komunikaciis kultura religiur konteqstsac moicavs.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes, qarTul sinamdvileSi, religiuri vizualuri kul-
turis kvlevis saxiT sruliad auTvisebel sferosTan gvaqvs saqme. aA mdenad, mniS-
vnelovani iqneboda zogierT im sakiTxze yuradRebis gamaxvileba rac am sferos
Seswavlis meTodologias ukavSirdeba:
1. religiuri vizualuri kulturis kvlevisaTvis mniSvnelovani diskursia praq-
tikaze orientacia2, rac imas niSnavs, rom religiuri vizualuri kulturis kvle-
va orientirebulia ara marto gamosaxulebaze, suraT-xatze an mis Semqmnelze,
aramed am sferoSi momuSave mecnierisTvis metad sayuradReboa imaze dakvirveba
Tu rogor aris CarTuli da sad da rodis Rebulobs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi esa
Tu is religiuri artefaqti monawileobas. yurebis aqti, artefaqtis saCuqrad
miReba da gacema, locva maT winaSe, sacxovrebeli saxlis kedlebze ganTavseba da
a.S., rwmenis praqtikaa, romelic vizualur Tayvaniscemas da Sesabamisad gamocdi-
lebas iTvaliswinebs.
2. praqtikaze orientaciidan gamomdinare, religiuri vizualuri kulturis mk-
vlevars Wirdeba yvelafris Seswavla _ `maRali“ da `dabali“ xelovnebis, xelov-
nebis da araxelovnebis nimuSebis. is ar unda Semoifarglos mxolod gansakuTre-
buli mSvenierebis an esTetikuri Rirebulebis mqone sagnebiT. yvelanairi arte-
faqti SeiZleba gamosadegi iyos dakvirvebisaTvis.
3. erT-erTi mTavari SekiTxva religiuri vizualuri kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis
aris, is Tu ras akeTebs saxe-xati roca is xmarebaSi Semodis da ra rols asrulebs
esa Tu is artefaqti realobis socialur konstruirebaSi3.
realuri samyaro ar aris fantazia, aramed raRac iseTia rasac individumebi
vuziarebT erTmaneTs. es aris samyaro instituciebis, ekonomikuri urTierTobe-
bis, kanonebis, sxadasxva saxis miTebis da a.S., romlebic agebs met-naklebad siste-
mur srtuqturas koleqtiuri cxovrebisa konkretul drosa da adgilas.
adamianis cxovrebis manZilze, religiuri gamosaxulebis meSveobiT, xdeba mrava-
li socialuri rolis kondesacia: maswavlebeli da moswavle, mSobeli da Svili,
eklesiis msaxuri da mrevli. xedva, genderi, megobroba, saxlis sivrce, rituali,
maxsovroba _ socialuri konstruqciebia, romlTa codna da gamoyeneba religiu-
ri vizualuri kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis metad mniSvnelovania.
3. religiuri suraT-xatebi da obieqtebi emsaxureba realobis socialur, intele-
qtualur, aRqmiT konstruirebas da swored socialuri, kulturuli, inteleq-
1
N. Mirzoeff, An Introduction to Visual Culture, Oxford (UK), 1999, gv. 3.
2
D. Morgan, The Sacred Gaze, London, 2005, gv. 35-36.
3
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality, NY, 1966, gv. 146-182.
 105

tualuri, artistuli praqtika aZlevs gamosaxulebebs gansakuTrebul Sinaarss.

aqedan gamomdinare, vizualuri kulturis Seswavla ar xelewifeba diskretul an
avtonomiur disciplinebs, is dargTaSoris interaqcias saWiroebs, mag., warsul-
Si ganviTarebuli movlenebis kvleva istorikosebis monawileobas iTxovs, kul-
turuli praqtikis gasagebad an socialuri instituciebis farglebSi mimdina-
re procesebis gasaanalizeblad anTropologebs an sociologebs saWiroebs da
a.S. amdenad, religiuri vizualuri kulturis kvleva komleqsur, interdiscip-
linarul midgomebs moiTxovs.
4. erT-erTi saintereso sakiTxi exeba samoqalaqo religias. termini samoqalaqo
religia pirvelad ganmanaTleblobis epoqaSi Jan jak rusom gamoiyena4. Tanamed-
rove humanitarul mecnierebaSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT axali paradigmis gaCe-
na amerikeli sociologebis da konkretulad r. belas5 damsaxurebaa.
samoqalaqo religia erTgvari religiuri damokidebulebaa nacionalur-saxel-
mwifoebriv tradiciebTan. droSa, suraTebi, monumentebi SesaZloa sazogado
identobisTvis Zlevamosili Sinaarseebi gaxdes. ritualebi, ceremoniebi, simbo-
loebi da nicionaluri narativebi, romlebic vizualur niSnebs Seicavs isadgu-
rebs koleqtiur maxsovrobaSi da nacionaluri ideologiis nawilad iqceva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom samoqalaqo religiis koncepti SesaZloa bevr kritikul
problemas moicavs6 (Tundac, samoqalaqo religiis Tavsebadoba tradiciul re-
ligiasTan7). qarTul konteqstSi, samoqalaqo religiisTvis damaxasiTebeli niS-
nebis kvleva metad aqtulaluria da gansakuTrebiT, albaT, sabWoTa warsulis
gaTvaliswinebiT, radganac SeiZleba iTqvas, rom komunisturi ideologiis da-
sayrdeni swored samoqalaqo religia gaxda.
amdenad, erTi mxriv, sainteresoa religiuri saxe-xatebis an artefaqtebis sa-
bWour epoqaSi komunisturi fetiSebiT Canacvlebis procesze dakvirveba da meo-
re mxriv, Tanamedrove sazogadoebriv da religiur cxovrebaSi vizualur niSneb-
Si komunisturi ideologiis damaxasiaTebeli gadmonaSTebis (Tu amgvari arse-
bobs) gavlenis gaazreba.
statiis farglebSi, Cven SevecadeT yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina religiuri
vizualuri kulturis kvlevis meTodologiis zogierT aspetze. vfiqrobT, rom
yvela es sakiTxi sasargeblo aRmoCndeba praqtikuli kvlevebis sawarmoeblad,
romlebic, Tavis mxriv, axal midgomebs gamoavlens.

4
Ж.-Ж. Руссо,  Об общественном договоре, Трактаты,  М., 1998, gv. 316-320.
5
Р. Белла, Гражданская религия в Америке, Вестник Русской христианской гуманитарной академии, Санкт-
Петербург, 2014, gv. 163-181.
6
В. Легойда, Гражданская религия и христианство. Журнал Московской Патриархии, № 2, 2000, gv. 67-75.
7
К. Говорун, Православная гражданская религия, Русский журнал (интернет-издание), 2015.
106

Anna Mgaloblishvili
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

For the Methodology of Study of Religious Visual Culture

In Georgia religious visual culture as a comprehensive subject of a study still remains in the state of in-
fancy. The article points out some questions that are related to the methodology of studying the issue.
It is important to understand that religious visual study has a practice-centered discourse and needs to
examine any and all imagery – high and low, art and non-art. The main question concerns the function of
the images when they are being used and their contribution to the construction of the social reality. The
study of religious visual culture needs interaction of several disciplines or fields of study.
 107

samson leJava
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia
giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis
erovnuli kvleviTi centri

beqa maisuraZe
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

darbazuli xuroTmoZRvreba da XX saukunis qarTuli

arqiteqturis zogierTi problema

saqarTvelos tradiciul samSeneblo xelovnebaSi didi mniSvnelobis mqone mo-

vlenaa darbazuli xuroTmoZRvreba, romlis fesvebi aTaswleulTa siRrmidan
momdinareobs. darbazi saqarTveloSi Cveni kulturuli identobis umTavresTa-
gani gamoxatulebaa.
igi cxadia ar aris (mTeli gamorCeuli funqciuri, teqtonikuri, semantikuri da
esTetikuri monapovrebis arsebobisas), e.w. `swavluli~, `mwignobruli~ arqiteq-
turis gamoxatuleba, aramed tradiciuli, Ziris-Zireuli, uRrmesi sulieri ga-
mocdilebis matareblobisas, upiratesad empiriulsa da xelosnur gamocdile-
bazea dafuZnebuli. misi fundamenturi monapovrebi (Seswavlili CvenSi g. Cubi-
naSvilis, g. Citaias, l. sumbaZis, T. Ciqovanis, l. rCeuliSvilis, a. javaxiSvilis
da sxv. mier), naTelyofilia `winapredizaineruli~, srulfasovani mignebebiTa da
uaRresad sakralizebuli, erTiani msoflmxedvelobrivi maxasiaTeblebiT.
eWvs gareSea, rom sul sxva saxisaa CvenSi sabWouri qarTuli arqiteqtura, rome-
lic swored `mwignobrulad~ profesiuli ki iyo, magram samwuxarod, politikuri
ideologiis iZulebiT gamtarobas da didwilad, mis msaxurebas veranairad ascde-
boda. erTxans, e.w. `stalinuri~ xuroTmoZRvreba, TavisTavad Zalze saintereso
movlena kvleviTi TvalsazrisiT, qmnida metad Tavisebur, `abstraqtul~, TiT-
qosda `yvelas da aravis~ `proletarul sra-sasaxleebs~ (rogorc sazogadoebri-
vi, ise sacxovrebeli nagebobebis saxiT). am gamoxatulebebSi Tavs iCenda erTgvari
`neoklasicisturi fsevdosakralizaciis~ niSnebi. sakuTriv Sesrulebis xarisxi
maRali ki iyo, magram bevrgan mTeli gulisyuri miepyroboda `ukuxedvas~, warsu-
lis monapovarTa Rrmad `sabWour~ saxecvalebas, risi TvalsaCino gamoxatulebaa
Tundac morTulobiTi sistemebi (maT Soris, mravalnairad gaTamaSebuli, e.w. `gi-
ganturi orderis „SemkulobaTa~ saxiT).
1960-iani ww-dan ideologizirebuli kliSeebis Zlevis procesi ki wamoiwyo, Tu-
mca es yovelive, xSirad `naxevargzaze~ myof movlenad aRiqmeba. sagulisxmo is
aris, rom sabWour arqiteqturaSi ori aspeqti iCens Tavs: erTi mxriv, es aris: 1)
`emansipirebuli, realurad desakralizebuli kulturis maxasiaTeblebi. meore
mxriv ki: 2) TvalsaCinoa paradoqsi: iqve Cans urTierTgadajaWva zemoxsenebuli _
viTomcda `sakralizaciisa~ da retrospeqtivizmisa _ Cenili mag., qristianuli
tradiciidan ganZarcvuli, araiSviaTad _ `zeddebuli~ ornamentiT.
108
mTeli am problematikis Seswavlis
dros pirvelgamkvalavTagania nodar
janberiZis samagido wigni, romelic g.
CubinaSvilis skolis TvalsaCino mo-
napovaria (avtoris azrovnebis masSta-
bisa da farTo SesaZleblobebis das-
turad rom aRiqmeba)1. aq SevexebiT mxo-
lod erT, Tumca mniSvnelovan aspeqts:
gasarkvevia is, Tu ras niSnavda CvenSi
sabWouri (da mogvianod-postsabWouri
arqiteqturisaTvis) darbazis fenomeni.
Cans, rom Zalian bevrs! marTalia, dar-
bazis `xuroTmoZRvruli Semecnebisas~,
sabWoTa xuroTmoZRvrebas, bunebrivia,
hqonda pirvelyovlisa sakuTari, `av-
tonomiuri~ amocanebi, magram amasTan
erTad, darbazisave fenomeni araerTi
ostatisaTvis warmoadgenda uaRresad
mniSvnelovan, `ardasaviwyebel~, aqtua-
lur movlenas, rac cnaurdeboda gan-
sxvavebuli, individualuri, xandaxan
TviT `urTierTdaSorebuli~ midgome-
biTac. TumcaRa erTi ram uTuoa: mTe-
li TvalsaCino nairobisas, sayovelTao
tendenciad aRiqmeba is, rom darbazi
CvenSi mainc identobis umniSvnelovanes,
saorientacio `markerad~ iqna miCneuli.
amasTanave isic iTqmis, rom darbazSive
Cenili umaRlesi xarisxi mTlianobi-
sa da xuroTmoZRvruli sisavsisa, sa-
boloo jamSi verasgziT iqna Cawvdomi-
li sisruliT verc erT Cven mier gansa-
xilvel magaliTSi. aq ufro metad mainc
`fragmentulobaze~ SeiZleba daisvas
aqcenti, da naklebad-mTlianobiT aRq-
maze. ise Cans, rom saqme gvaqvs rTulad
saanalizo procesTan Tanadrouli `mia-
xloveba-dacilebisa~. amis erTi mizez-
Tagani, kulturuli tradiciis mtki-
vneuli wyvetis maxasiaTeblebic unda
iyos. am mxriv, jerxanobiT, Sors vdga-
varT iaponelTa midgomebisagan, ro-
melTac sakuTari tradicia Rirseulad
Seisisxlxorces _ da mainc, am metad Ta-
1
n. janberiZe, qarTuli sabWoTa arqiteqtu-
ra. ganviTarebis gza, Tb., 1971.
visebur gzaze `Sori wvdomisa~, saqarT-
veloSic iCenda Tavs damainteresebeli
monapovrebi...
mokled, miuxedavad zemoTxsenebuli
wyvetisa da umZimesi politikuri peri-
petiebisa (Zneli mosaazrebeli ar aris
damabrkolebloba Tundac e.w. `formiT
erovnulisa da SinaarsiT socialistu-
risa~), `darbazulobis~ monapovarTa
aqtualuroba mainc mniSvnelovani Cans
CvenSi sabWour periodSic.
mTeli es procesebi maSin avlenda Tavs,
rodesac darbazis uSualod avTentur
formaTa kvdoma karga xnis dawyebuli
iyo, oRondac tradiciis `involuci-
uri~, daRmavali gangrZoba samcxe-ja-
vaxeTSi XX s-is 80-ian ww-mdec ki iCenda
Tavs CvenSi, rac sul bolo dros, ukve
turizmis aqtivizaciiTac iqna xel-
Sewyobili. am SemTxvevaSi (TiTqosda `sa-
cnobismoyvareod~ misazidi formebiT)
gamJRavnda, mag., rig kerZo sastumroeb-
Si _ gvirgvinul konstruqciaTa cal-
mxrivi, sakmaod ukonteqsto gamarTva.
amas garda, samcxe-javaxeTSi sofladac
da qalaqadac, Tavi iCina darbazTan `mib-
runebis~ tendenciebma, rac imaze mety-
velebs, rom ama Tu im pirovnebas `saTa-
visod~ mainc surda da surs, rom sacxo-
vrisSic da sastumroebSic, aRorZindes
`darbazuloba~ (Tumca, avTenturobi-
sagan aseTi magaliTebi TvalsaCinod
aris dacilebuli – maTSi cxadia, ufro
metad `sagangebo“ mcdelobebs vxedavT,
vidre tradiciis uSualo gangrZobas).
axla ki kvlav vubrundebiT ZiriTad Te-
mas. amasTanave vTvliT, rom ramdenime
yuradRebamisapyrobi magaliTis mox-
mobac ki, daadasturebs ufro sagulda-
gulo kvlevis aucileblobas.
***
jer kidev 1926-1928 ww-Si arqiteqtorma
d. Cislievma q. TbilisSi aago e.w. `tram-
vaelTa~ sacxovrebeli saxlebi (sur.1).

mis erovnulad `Seferil~ formebSi, n.
janberiZis TqmiT, Cans dedaboZis Semax-
senebeli motivebic (romelnic garkveu-
lwilad ganagrZobs XIX s-is II naxevris
ekleqturi xuroTmoZRvrebis gamocdi-
lebas _ ufro konkretulad ki im `fr-
Tisa~, romelSic nacionaluri tradi-
ciis gamoxatvac Canda _ upiratesad,
sacxovrebeli da sazogadoebrivi da-
niSnulebis nagebobebSi).
zemoaRniSnuli `dedaboZebi~ ufro me-
tad dekoratiulia, vidre funqciuri.
realurad isini safasado ritmis Se-
madgenelia. TiTqos naklebad Cans rai-
me saxis ufro Rrma xuroTmoZRvruli
motivacia. n. janberiZis azriT (mis ze-
moaRniSnuli wigns, mravalgzis davi-
mowmebT), safasado `qarTulobaSi~ (maT
Soris `dedaboZebSic~), meqanikuri, pre-
tenziuli midgoma ufro ikiTxeba, vid-
re xuroTmoZRvruli organizmis Sek-
vra. TumcaRa aRsaniSnavia erTi ram: im
nawilebSi, sadac retrostilizacia ar
Cans, nageboba savsebiT koreqtuli, `sa-
kuTrivi~ da ufro `sufTa~ xuroTmoZR-
vruli eniTac metyvelebs.
m. maniam axleburi xedviT da metad
sainteresod gaanaliza es saxlebi da
miiCnia, rom isini warmoadgens eqspe-
rimentul Senobebs2, romelebSic, misi
SexedulebiT, sinTezirdeba konstruq-
tivizmi erTi mxriv, da tradiciuli mo-
tivebi _ meore mxriv (Tumca SesaZloa,
avtori ufro metad, maT Tanamyofobas
gulisxmobda, vidre `Tvisobrivad me-
sames~ mgulvebel sinTezs).
misi sagulisxmo analizis safuZvelze,
miT ufro gamoikveTa am SenobaTa sul
sxva kuTxiT analizis aucileblobac:
marTlac, yuradRebamisapyrobia, rom d.
CislievTan _ tradiciasTan SekavSire-
bis dros Cans sami wyaro. esenia: 1) dar-
bazis dedaboZi (romlis dekori, Tumc
2
m. mania, modernizmi Tbilisis arqiteqtu-
raSi, saqarTvelos siZveleni, 16, 2013, gv.
237-260.
109
ki, ufro saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebisas
Segvaxsenebs). 2) mag., aq `damZimebulad~
aRiarebuli Tbilisuri aivnebis (da ara
imdenad kankelebis) samfrTiani TaRebi.
3)saeklesio CuqurTma. rogorc vxeda-
vT, ori wyaro (rac mniSvnelovania), sa-
eroa da mxolod erTia saeklesio (Tanac
ufro SemkulobaSi da ara konstruqcieb-
Si Cenili saxiT). Tavad _ Taviseburi
Tanamyofoba modernistuli, `puristu-
li~ kontruqtivizmisa da tradiciuli
elementebisa, Cveni kulturis sivrceSi
sagulisxmo movlena Cans, vinaidan zoga-
dad, qarTuli modernizmi, mag., mxatvro-
baSi da TeatrSi, avlenda sruliad cno-
bier damokidebulebas sakuTari kultu-
rul-istoriuli warsulisadmi da arc
axasiaTebda Tanamedroveobis saxeliT
misi uaryofa3, aramed tradiciisadmi
loialuroba da axali realobis Seqmna
sakuTari memkvidreobis safuZvelzec4,
vinaidan CvenSi avangardistuli Ziebebi
da erovnul saxviT tradiciaTa aRorZi-
neba sabolood, ganuyofeli iyo5.
sul sxva problemaa, rom `tramvaelTa sa-
xlSi~ `erTdrouloba~ avangardulobi-
sa da siZvelis tradiciisa, mainc nakleb
koordinirebulia. am mxriv qarTuli
mxatvrobac da Teatric Cans, bevrad met
erTianobas avlenda, Tumca isic aris
gasaTvaliswinebeli, rom aseTi koor-
dinireba arqiteqturaSi ioli rodi iyo
(srulebiT arasakmarisi onformaciis
pirobebSi). Cveni xelovnebaTmecniereba
xom imxanad pirvel nabijebs dgamda. g.
CubiniSviliseuli kvlevebic darbazi-
sa mxolod iwyeboda; jer ar arsebobda
arc l. sumbaZisa da T. Ciqovanis Srome-
bi da arc al. javaxiSvilis aRmoCenebi.
3
n. yifiani, cota ram zdaneviCebze, ACADEMIA,
5, 2016-2017, gv.62-71.
4
q. SavguliZe. Hoopla...TamaSi drosa da sivr-
cesTan, ACADEMIA, 5, 2016-2017, gv.77-83.
5
s. leJava, sicocxlis xis fenomeni qarTul
mxatvrobaSi (sakiTxis dasmisaTvis), ACA-
DEMIA, #5, 2016-2017, gv.99-101.
110
gamoricxuli ar aris, rom d. Cislievs
hqonoda kontaqti g. CubinaSvilTan da
scodnoda kidec raime misi gamocemebis
Sesaxebac darbazul xuroTmoZRvre-
baze, SesaZloa davuSvaT isic, rom man
realur yofaSic ixila darbazi, Tumca
sagulisxmo sxvac aris: v. beriZe mag., aR-
niSnavs, rom a. kalginTan da n. severov-
Tan qarTuli tradiciis codna ufro
Cans, sxvebTan ki naklebad6.
axali faza `darbazulobasTan~ mimar-
Tebisa Tavs iCens 1935-1939 ww-Si agebul
goris TeatrSi (arqiteqtorebi S. TavaZe
da m. CxikvaZe) (sur.2). Senobis ramdenadme
`paraduli~, odnav pompezuri ieri, ti-
pur midgomas naTelyofs `stalinuri~
paradigmisa xuroTmoZRvrebaSi. avto-
rebma d. CislievTan `safasadod~ aRq-
mul dedaboZs rodi mouxmes (romelic
realurad interierulia da ara safasa-
do), aramed aqcenti swored interierze
dasves. foie maT `gvirgvinuli~ motiviT
gaamSvenes (rogorc vxedavT, Taviseburi
`fragmentulobis~ principi Tavdapir-
vel sabWour magaliTebSi ukve aris naTe-
lyofili). centrSi, gvirgvinTan cota-
Ti naZaladevad Sexamebuli WaRia (aseTi
tendencia arc mTlad bolodroindeli,
samcxe-javaxuri `axaldarbazebisaTvis~
aris ucxo). n. janberiZe aq Warb deko-
ratiulobas xedavs. mTavari isaa, rom
`gvirgvini~ funqciurobas moklebulia,
ufro sworad ki, daviwrovebulia misi
mravalfunqciuroba, radgan `gamamSve-
neblobaa~ wamyvani. igi kolxuri oda-sa-
xlebis `xonCasac~ mogvagonebs7, romel-
Sic gacilebiT Rrmad da sada formebi-
Tac aris gamJRavnebuli gvirgvinis `mex-
siereba~, vidre goris zemoaRniSnuli na-
gebobaSi (romelSic rogorc monumentu-
ri arqiteqturis, ise xalxuris motivebi
6
v. beriZe. qarTuli sabWoTa arqiteqturis
istoria (1921-1932), qarTuli xelovneba, 4
1955.
7
Л. Сумбадзе, Архитектура грузинского народного
жилища Дарбази, Тб., 1984.
Taviseburadaa gaazrebuli)8. baTumis
Teatri (arqit. l. teplicki) momdevno
magaliTia gvirgvinuli `CanarTis~ arse-
bobisa, romelSic am gvirgvins konstru-
qciulad SedarebiT ufro sarwmuno ieri
aqvs, vidre goris nimuSs (1936-1939 ww.;
meore etapi: 1946-1952 ww.)9.
moskovSi, sasoflo-sameurneo gamofe-
nisaTvis gankuTvnil pavilionSi (arqit.
a. qurdiani, g. leJavas TanaavtorobiT
1938-1939 ww), aqtiuri SemoqmedebiTi
midgomaa gamovlenili. nageboba yvela-
ze saguldagulod kvlav n. janberiZem
gaanaliza. man gamokveTa, rom aqac ga-
moiyeneba darbazuli arqiteqturis
rigi motivebi (mag., gvirgvinisebr cru-
gumbaTebSi, portikis svetebSi Tu sxv).
ise Cans, rom am SenobaSi, darbazi erTi
mxriv, calkeul aqcentebadac, magram
meore mxriv, ufro `mTlianobiTadac~
aris aRqmuli (Tumca cxadia, aramarti-
vad, uTuod sakuTar, savsebiT sxvaob-
riv midgomebTan da amocanebTan mimar-
TebiT). n. janberiZis TqmiT, a. qurdianma
SeZlo simsubuqisa da monumenturobis
SeTanxmeba, xolo mTavar monapovrad is
aRiqva, rom zemoTxsenebul qmnilebaSi
sabolood, wamyvani aRmoCnda ara cal-
keul ZeglebTan asociacia, aramed tra-
diciuli qarTuli arqiteqturis Tavad
principebis wvdoma, risi magaliTicaa
portikis svetebi, romelnic dedaboZis
ukidures transformacias gulisxmobs
da arasgziT maT aslisebr Sesrulebas.
amave dros, d. Cislievis Semdgom mid-
goma gaRrmavebulia: `dedaboZTa~ an-
tigravitaciuloba xazgasmulic kia _
isini mxolod `aRmamswrafi~ ki ara, ara-
med, egebis ukve metismetad mkveTrad
(Tu eqspresiulad) `awelilic~ ki aris
(oRond sakuTar midgomaTa kvalobaze).
mokled, tradiciul gamocdilebasTan
# , mimarTeba arapurifikaciulia, arami-
8
Л. Сумбадзе, Гори, Тб., 1950.
9
ix. n. janberiZe, dasax. naSr.

jaWvuli. svetnaris dematerilizacia
arqiteqturas TiTqos `amosunTqvis~ Se-
saZleblobas sZens.
n. janberiZis TqmiT, Senobas axasiaTebs
amaRlebulad sazeimo xasiaTi da samx-
reTuloba10. m. daviTaiam (romelmac n.
janberiZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnil saiu-
bileo konferenciaze waikiTxa moxse-
neba `erovnuli identobis sakiTxi XX
da XXI saukunis qarTul arqiteqtura-
Si~). am nagebobaSi ZvelTbilisuri ezos
aluziebic ki dainaxa11.
da mainc, darbazTan mimarTebiT, eta-
pur, gardamtex, gansakuTrebuli mniSv-
nelobis monapovrad aRsaqmelia v. aleq-
si-mesxiSvilis, i. kasraZisa da konstru-
qtor d. qajaias mier agebuli sportis
sasaxle (1957-1961) (sur. 3). aq arsad Cans
darbazis formaTa Tundac Soreuli Se-
maxsenebloba, sul ar arsebobs aq arc
`dedaboZuroba~, da arc `gvirgvinulo-
ba~ metad Tu naklebad pirdapiri saxiT,
oRondac mTavari aq sxvaa: gadamwyveti
faqtoria sakuTriv Sida sivrcis konce-
fcia. marTlac, n. janberiZis mixedviT,
Senobis gare simaRlea 16m., xolo Sida _
34 m. avtori aRniSnavs, rom swored si-
vrciTi kontrastia am mxriv metad emo-
ciuri, riTac Senoba uaxlovdeba Zveli
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis klasikur
Zeglebs _ sakuTriv sivrcis amdagva-
ri gamovlenis suraTiT. am dros, myisve
gvaxsendeba darbazTan Sexvedrisas Ce-
nili, moulodneli fsiqologiuri efe-
qti, rodesac gare saxis sisadavis aR-
qmis Semdgom, Sida sivrcesTan ziareba
10
n. janberiZe, xuroTmoZRvari a. qurdiani,
Tb., 1963 da aseve misive, qarTuli sabWoTa
arqiteqtura.
11
am SenobaSi gvirgvinisebri crugumbaTe-
bi torsos fasadTa galereebSia CarTuli,
(tab. 44), xolo `konebad~ qceul safasado
svetebSi _ Cans `dedaboZisebri~ gafarTo-
veba (tab. 43). ix. Н. Джанберидзе, С. Кинцурашви-
ли, Архитектура советской Грузии, Тб., 1958.
111
sixalvaTe-tevadobis mkveTri matebis
Sedegad, mZlavrad sugesturia12.
zemoaRniSnuli garRveva tradiciaTa
araimitaciuri, `koncefciuri~ wvdomis
TvalsazrisiT, miT ufro sagulisxmoa,
rom am axali xedvis momaswavebel spor-
tis sasaxlesa (1957-1961), da s. reviSvi-
lis mier 1953-1955 ww-Si Sesrulebul
yofil zooveterinarul instituts (am-
Jamad Tsu VIII korpusi) Soris, qronolo-
giuri zRvari didi araa (sur4).
s. reviSvilma fasadzec, wmindawylis
`stalinur~ nagebobebze ufro lakoniu-
ri, nakleb gadatvirTuli midgoma naTe-
lyo. T. kvirkveliam gamokveTa rogorc
Senobis originaluroba, aseve isic, rom
centralur TaReds gamoarCevs kargi
proporciebi, da rom uxvi, sisxlsavse
detalebi mTlianobaSi, warmatebulad
aris CarTuli kompoziciaSi. amrigad,
ukve sportis sasaxlemdec, s. reviSvil-
ma naTelyo axali etapis momamzadebeli
fazis arseboba (Tumca `sportis sasa-
xleSi~ Cenili siaxleebi Cveni azriT,
cxadia, bevrad ufro TvalsaCinoa)13.
am gawafulma profesionalma interier-
Si kvlav mimarTa gvirgvinisebr struq-
turas, Tumca gacilebiT sada da Tavda-
Werili versiiT, vidre goris TeatrSi.
kibis ujredSi gamoyenebuli es `Canar-
Ti~, didwilad funqciuria, da ramde-
nadme `vitraJisebri~ ganaTebis aqtiur
wyarodac ki aris qceuli. amasTan er-
Tad, aq `gvirgvini~ mainc sakmaod `So-
ridan~ aRiqmeba da Tuki saTanado yu-
radRebas ar miapyrob, TvalSi SeiZleba
arc ki mogxvdes. marTalia (nawilobriv
12
v. beriZe gamohkveTs eqsterier-interie-
ris aRqmisas Cenil konstrasts darbazSi,
sadac safasado ieris upretenzioba sxva
rigisaa, xolo Sida sivrceSi aqcentirebu-
lia sworedac, mxatvruli amocanebi. ix. v.
beriZe, qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis isto-
ria, t. I, Tb., 2014.
13
Т. Квирквелия, Архитектура Тбилиси, Тб., 1985.
112
mainc), aq `gvirgvinis~ daniSnuleba kar-
gad aris gaTvlili, magram amasTanave,
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom masSi ar aris da-
Zleuli garkveuli `aslobrivoba~, anu
`gvirgvini~ gardausaxvelia da faqtob-
rivad, mxolod masalaa sxvaobrivi.
***
metad Taviseburi midgoma ikiTxeba r.
kiknaZis, T. miqaSaviZisa da n. kvasxvaZis
mier agebul ludis barSi (1972 w) (sur. 5).
es nageboba amJamadac sakmaod efeqtu-
rad ikiTxeba, gansakuTrebiT vaxuStis
xididan. igi mkafio, cxadad teqtoniku-
ri formebiT gamoirCeva. masSi aSkarad
amoicnoba darbazis banze amomarTuli
erdo-sanaTurebis formebTan asocire-
ba (romelnic fasadze wyviled maxvils
warmoadens).
amJamad, samwuxarod, sawyobad qceul in-
terierSi (romlis gacnobis SesaZleblo-
ba gulisxmier maspinZelTa Tanadgomis
Sedegad moxda), Sida sivrce damatebiTi
cxaurebiT danawevrda da Sedegad Seno-
bis pirveladi daniSnuleba, amJamad ukve
SebRalulia. bevr lxinis moyvaruls ax-
sovs is dro, rodesac iqaurobas didi zo-
mis salude kasrebic amSvenebda. dRes es
xalisiani atmosfero warsuls Cabarda...
avtorTa jgufma ZiriTadad uaryo
`replikuri~ midgomebi da arapirda-
pir, Tumc ki arsebiTad daukavSira Sida
sivrce `darbazulobas~. darbazis ara-
uSualo, oRondac sagulisxmo „Semax-
senebloba~ Cans ara mxolod aRmarTul
sanaTurebSi (romelnic pirdapir su-
lac ar baZavs gvirgvins), aramed oTx-
oTx, msubuq da Tanac mtkiced aRnag, ze-
moTken daviwrovebad svetSi (romelnic
amasTanave, cxadliv, srulad ganeri-
deba `dedaboZurobas~). am svetTa pir-
dapiri daniSnuleba arqiteqturulad
naTelia da kompoziciurad gaTvlili
Tavisi marjve adgilmiCeniT.
daTvalierebisas aSkara gaxda, rom aq
yalibdeboda mTliani Sida sivrce. ori
gvirgvinisebri struqtura umetes ad-
gilTagan axlac ki kargad ikiTxeba da
`iWers~ erTianobas, xolo am efeqts aZ-
lierebs `mogvirgvino~ formis zevidan
qvemoTken ganSla. avtorebma faqizad
gaiTvaliswines gvirgvinis funqcia, ro-
melic pirdapir arc gadmouRiaT. maTve,
logikuri gaazrebiT _ Semoitanes asi-
metria, araferi daamaxinjes primitiuli
midgomebiT da sabolood, cxadyves Ta-
namedrove, sakuTari, saavtoro xelwera.
zemore analizisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelo-
vani aRmoCnda arqiteqtor da mkvlevar
devi janiaSvilTan saubrebi, romelmac
aRgviZra interesi am mniSvnelovani na-
gebobis mimarT.
***
1968 wels, e.w. `xruSCovkebis~ yovlad mo-
notonur garemocvaSi, mkvlevar-agro-
nomma da cnobilma sportsmenma, Cvene-
buri lelos veteranma anzor mindaZem,
sakuTari avtofarexis qveda sarTulSi
moawyo Taviseburi `mikro-darbazi~ _
erTgvarad makompensirebeli usaxuri
garemosi. man isic ki moaxerxa, rom Ta-
vad avtofarexis mTeli mikrogaremocva
`mini-oazisad~ eqcia.
cxadia, rom es sagulisxmo iniciati-
va sainteresoa ara imdenad wminda xu-
roTmoZRvruli TvalsazrisiT, aramed
sxva aspeqtebiT: man Camoayaliba priva-
tuli, salxino, stumarTa misaRebi, ba-
nalurobis gadamlaxveli sivrce, tra-
diciulis mgvani dedaboZiTa da uCveu-
lod, `momrgvalod~ aRnagi _ `gvirgvi-
nis~ analogiT. es iyo simptomaturi da
sagulisxmo movlena, gamomxatavi iden-
tobisaken swrafvisa individualuri
arCevanis gziT. aRniSnuli precendenti
upiratesad, kulturis sociologiis
kuTxiT aris gasaanalizebeli.

***
imave 1968 wels mcxeTaSi aigo ara kerZo,
aramed sworedac sazogadoebrivi si-
vrcis magulvebeli restorani `marani~
(arqit. l. kenWoSvili).
masSi n. janberiZis TqmiT, Taviseburad
`aRdga~ darbazis interieri. mkvlevari
Tvlida, rom es iyo xelovnuri egzoti-
kurobisa da stilizatorul-restavra-
toruli midgomis magaliTi14. amasTana-
ve, teqstSi n. janberiZe gamokveTda ima-
sac, rom aRniSnul SenobaSi Tavi iCina
profesionalizmmac da gemovnebamac.
aq gaTvaliswinebuli iyo bunebrivi ma-
salebi, da amasTanave, Tavs iCenda Ses-
rulebis tradiciuli xerxebi. marTa-
lia, am sivrceSi darbazTan SedarebiT,
daimcro mravalfunqciuroba, Tumca
ufro viwro gagebiT, ramdenadme mainc,
SenarCunda sazeimo xasiaTi (samwuxa-
rod, es nageboba Zalian SeibRala Seufe-
rebel gadakeTebaTa Sedegad).
***
elene axvledianis Zalze cnobil, Se-
moqmedebiTi sazogadoebis Tavmomy-
rel saxelosnoSi, Cvenma gamoCenil-
ma mandilosanma mxatvarma (jer kidev
1950 ww-Si), gaamarTvina Tavisi msxvil-
masStabianobiT imTaviTve yuradReba-
misapyrobi dedaboZi, romelic interie-
ris Zalze aqtiur nawilad iqca (sur. 6).
Tavisi aziduli proporciiT is ufro
metad qalaquri sivrcis `maRliv~, `ur-
banul~ dedaboZebs mogvagonebs da ua-
misodac gajerebul interiers kidev
met mravalganzomilebianobas sZens. q.
SavguliZem Zalian zustad aRiqva, rom
qalbatonma elenem Seqmna adamianTa ma-
erTebeli, unikaluri sivrce, romelSic
dairRva deterministuli sazRvrebi da
urTierTs Seerwya cxovreba da Semoq-
medeba15. aseTi garemo kidec Seefereba
14
ix. n. janberiZe, dasax. naSr.
15
g. janberiZe, elene axvlediani, winasity-
vaoba q. SavguliZisa, Tb., 2016.
113
Zlier mexsierebas `darbazulobisa~,
romelsac saqarTveloSi rogorc cno-
bilia, `erTobis saxlic~ Searqves.
***
ara dedaboZebs, aramed ufro metad maTi
analogiuri formebis mqone pilonebs
vxedavT o. kalandariSvilis, i. cxome-
liZisa da l. janeliZiseul metros sad-
gurSi `rusTaveli~ (qveda darbazi ekuT-
vnis l. janeliZes 1966 w) (sur.7). cxadia,
arqiteqtorebi SezRuda gardauvalma
teqnikurma parametrebma, magram s. kinwu-
raSvilis azriT, saboloo jamSi, Cvens
metros sadgurebSi arc zedmetobaa da
arc erTferovneba arqiteqturuli ga-
dawyvetis TvalsazrisiT16. metro `rus-
Taveli“-s qveda sadgurSi pilonebis
rigi savsebiT funqciuria, xolo qveda
nawilSi ki maTi `dedaboZisdagvari~ da-
viwroveba SesaZloa, adgilis ekonomiis
principsac pasuxobs da albaT, amdena-
dac ver miiCneva formalurad. aRniSnu-
li dakuTxvili pilonebi dedaboZisagan
gansxvavebiT, Tanabari sisqisaa, mZlavri,
mdgradi da masiuria, Tumc ki, zomierad
dinamikuric. mTlianobaSi, dedaboZis
gamoZaxili maTSi aSkaraa, TvalsaCino.
miuxedavad aseTi saxis `monumenturo-
bisa~, sadgurs mainc axasiaTebs gark-
veuli simyudrove da aseve simSvide,
pozitiuroba (xalxis intensiuri naka-
debisda miuxedavad). adre iq arsebuli
skamebi aRniSnul ganwyobas ufro aZ-
lierebda _ axalgazrdebi Cveulze di-
dxans Cerdebodnen sadgurze. T. kvirk-
velias azriT, aq feriTi gadawyvetac
maJorulia (wiTlis, Savisa da TeTris
SexamebiT)17. amas garda, Tavad pilonTa
dafarva muqwiTeli marmariloTi ram-
denadme mainc, egebis xis Soreul aso-
ciaciasac ki iwvevdes.
16
s. kinwuraSvili, metros axali sadgurebi,
literaturuli saqarTvelo, 7 noemberi,
1967.
17
Т. Квирквелиа, Архитектура Тбилиси, Тб., 1982.
114
ufro mogvianebiT, 1979 w. arqiteqtorma
m. kacitaZem metros sadgurSi `wereTe-
li~, dakuTxvilTa nacvlad, mrgvali sve-
tebi gamoiyena, romelnic (Tumc ki ufro
dacilebulad), exmianeba dedaboZs (sur.
8). miuxedavad SedarebiT farTo inter-
kolumniisa, sivrcis sixalvaTe metros
sadgurSi `rusTaveli~ TiTqos ufro
SeigrZnoba, vidre gacilebiT `saqmianad~
aRsaqmel sadgurSi `wereTeli~.
***
1984-1985 ww-Si v. jorbenaZe, v. orbelaZe,
n. kaxaZe, g. ficxelauri da e. mkervaliS-
vili ageben e.w `ritualebis sasaxles~,
romelic dResac funqcionirebs (sur.9).
am Senobam sakmaod cocxali polemi-
ka da azrTa, daufaravad Cenili, sxva-
dasxvaoba gamoiwvia. zogierTni (mag., v.
daviTaia da S. bostanaSvili), SesaZloa,
cotaTi Warbadac ki afasebdnen mis Rir-
sebebs. sxvebi (mag., l. vardosaniZe) iq-
neb ufro fxizlad, magram ramdenadme
hiperkritikuladac aRiqvamdnen mas18.
Tavad zemoaRniSnuli `sasaxle~, masSi
gamJRavnebuli, sakmarisad gabeduli da
aSkarad aratipuri midgomebiT da, imxa-
nad mainc, uCveulo gamomwvevobiTac
iqcevda yuradRebas. igi albaT samoma-
vlodac iqneba TvalsaCinod sxvaobriv
interpretaciaTa maprovocirebeli.
am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis saintereso isaa,
Tu ra odenobiT iCens Tavs am rTuli
konfiguraciebiT agebul, `rotaciu-
li~ ritmebiT aRvsil SenobaSi mimarTeba
darbazuli xuroTmoZRvrebasTan (mok-
led aRvniSnavT, rom nagebobis garedan
aRqmisas vlindeba is, rom Tuki zogier-
Ti wertilidan igi SedarebiT momgebia-
18
v. daviTaia, kvlav erTi nagebobis Sesaxeb,
literaturuli saqarTvelo, 4 seqtembe-
ri, 1987; S. bostanaSvili, Tbilisis sadRe-
saswaulo ritualebis sasaxle, sabWoTa
xelovneba, #8, 1985; l. vardosaniZe, erTi
sazogadoebrivi nagebobis Sesaxeb, litera-
turul saqarTvelo, 19 ivnisi, 1987.
nad gamoiyureba, sxvebidan mainc, ramde-
nadme naklebad gamomxatvelad moCans.
erTi mxriv, `ritualebis sasaxlis~ in-
terierSi `gvirgvinulobis~ aqcentire-
ba TvalsaCinoa. mas axasiaTebs garkveu-
li dominanturobisaken damxrobac ki.
Tumca, imavdroulad, misi mooqrosf-
roTi aqcentirebulobis dros, Cven aR-
viqvamT ara niyurebis mtkiced Sekrul
ritms, aramed ufro metad, TiTqosda
`galiisebr~, msubuq, haerovan, kreatiu-
lad gaazrebul struqturas, erTgvari
`Wvirulobisa~ da sixalvaTis matare-
bels. yvelaze sagulisxmo faqtori aq
isicaa, rom Tavad saxeldebaSic (Tugind
axlandeli sekularizirebuli damxro-
biT), swored is ritualuri aspeqtia
aqcentirebuli, romelic srulebiTac
ar iyo ucxo darbazisaTvis. metic iT-
qmis: masSi es mxare gadamwyvetic gaxl-
daT (mag., cnobili inkorporaciuli we-
sebis Sesrulebisas). amas garda, gansa-
xilvel SenobaSi imTaviTve Cafiqrebu-
li iyo sazeimoobis aqcentirebac, rac
agreTve pasuxobs darbazis Sinagan ma-
xasiaTeblebs. amasTanave naTelia isic,
rom darbazi, Tavisi koncentraciis Za-
liTa da umZlavresi `energetikuli~
qmediTobiT, ganuzomlad aRemateba aq
aRweril Senobas (romlis gabaritebi,
Tavis mxriv, bevrad mozrdilia albaT
nebismier darbazTan SedarebiT).
sabolood, naTeli xdeba, rom darbazSi
Cenili gansulierebulobis Zala sul
sxva, marTlacda aRmatebuli rigis te-
vadobas, taZrulobasTan realur sia-
xloves atarebda sakuTar TavSi, rac
amJamindeli, h. zedlmaieriT, `araSua-
guliseuli~ adamianisaTvis, metismetad
problematuria19. amitomac, v. jorbena-
Ziseuli `ritualebis sasaxleSi~ `gvirg-
vinuloba~ marTlac ufro metad miagavs
postmodernul citacias (ris Sesaxe-
19
h. zedlmaieri, oTxi xana dasavluri xelo-
vnebisa (germanulidan Targmna d. TumaniS-
vilma), speqtri, 2005.

bac weren kidec). amasTanave, interess
moklebuli araa, rom `ritualebis sasa-
xle~ `sacxovrisulobisa~ Tu `saxluro-
bis~ farglebs cdeba Tavisi fizikuri pa-
rametrebiT, rac mniSvnelovania, magram
darbaziseuli monumenturobis matare-
beli cxadia, mainc ver aris. g. xoStarias
TqmiT, Cvens `ara monumentur~ epoqaSi,
es ubralod SeuZlebelic iqneboda.
ramaz durgliSvilisa da devi janiaSvi-
lis mier Sampanuris qarxana `bagratio-
nis~ sabanketo darbazSi, interieris
mTeli dizainia ganaxlebuli (sur.10).
es ukve maTi saavtoro sivrcea. grZiv,
farTo, didi zomis darbazSi centrs
Zalian kargad `ikrebs~ da ritms aor-
ganizebs sami gvirgvinuli struqtura.
garemosTan kontaqtic zomieria, vinai-
dan viwro sarkmlebi met simyudroves
amJRavnebs, rac erTgvarad asocirdeba
(Tundac Soreulad) darbazis `interi-
erulobasTan~. ra principebs atarebs
Cvens avtorTa midgoma? upirvelesad, es
aris swored `zedxedis~ mniSvneloba da
mzeris `maRlamimarTva~, rac mwyobrad
gamarTuli gvirgvinuli aqcentebis meS-
veobiT xorcieldeba, romelnic sivr-
cis Tavmomyrelia. meore mxare _ es aris
Tavad am `piramidul~ konstruqciaTa
perfeqtuli, lakoniurad gamonakvTu-
li teqtonikuroba, Sesrulebis maRali
xarisxi, wminda arqiteqturuli, Tana-
medrove metyveleba. Sekidul sanaTur-
Ta gadawyveta Tavisi aRnagobiT misada-
gebulia gvirgvinebTan, xolo jaWvebis
gamoyeneba TiTqos ramdenadme darbazis
sakidlebTanac ki aris `Semxobili~. ukve
postsabWoTa epoqaSi realizebuli es
nimuSi (2008 w), Zalian pozitiur STabeW-
dilebas axdens. gasaTvaliswinebelia,
rom manamde arsebuli interieris saxe-
cvalebisas, avtorebs didi arCevani arc
hqondaT da marTebulad gamoiyenes is
SesaZleblobebi, rasac iZleoda SezRu-
duli pirobebi, realuri mocemuloba.
115
***
aseve XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, anu post-
sabWour xanaSi, aigo xelovnebaTmcod-
nisa da biznesmenis, g. leJavas saxli, ro-
melic sofel did jixaiSSi mdebareobs.
igi uaRresad Tanamedrove xuroTmoZR-
vruli azrovnebis magaliTia (xuroT-
moZRvaria r. ComaxiZe, romelic mis
damkveT g. leJavas realur Tanaavtorad
miiCnevs). iqac (iseve rogorc r. durg-
liSvilisa da d. janiaSvilis mier age-
bul interierSi), swored postsabWouri
maxasiaTeblebia wamyvani (sur.11).
am `minimalisturad~ gamomxatvel, sada
da lamis `puristulad~ daxvewil sacxo-
vrisSi, Tavs iCens retrospeqtivistuli
midgoma, romelSic Tumc ki, rogorc
dasavlur-qarTuli kolxuri oda-sa-
xlis, ise darbazis gamocdilebasTan
uaRresad SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebebic
amoikiTxeba; XX s-is modernistuli da
postmodernistuli monapovrebis gaT-
visebac; tradiciuli iaponuri arqite-
qturis miRwevaTa gaSinaganebac da e.w
`organuli xuroTmoZRvrebis~ saxecva-
lebac. am SenobaSi aSkarad mJRavndeba
sinTezuri azrovnebis principebi.
darbazTan cocxali dialogis Tvalsa-
zrisiT, masSi gamoirCeva uSualod fun-
qcionirebadi, mZlavr substruqciaze
gamarTuli kera da modernizebuli,
`neogvirgvinuli~ konstruqcia, rome-
lic vertikalur, `maRlamimarTul~ ma-
xvils qmnis. igi, kerasTan erTad, am sa-
xlis sivrciT koncefciaSi gadamwyvet
struqturas warmoadgens.
g. leJavas saxli uaxlesi qarTuli xu-
roTmoZRvrebis etapuri monapovaricaa
da axali gzebis momaswavebelic. masSi
SeigrZnoba sabWourobis radikaluri
gadalaxvac20.
20
s. leJava. tradiciuli sacxovrisi da
Tanamedroveoba. erTi warmatebuli maga-
liTis Sesaxeb, krebuli mxatvruli forma.
epoqebi da tendenciebi, Tb., 2015.
116
Tuki sakuTriv `ritualizebulma~ fun-
qciam Tugind calmxrivad, magram rea-
lurad iZala g. jorbenaZesTan (rac
darbazSi ganuzomeli mravalmxrivo-
biT aris xorcSesxmuli), r. ComaxiZis
mier agebul SenobaSi, yvelaze metad,
swored funqcionirebadi keriT aris
Cenili darbazTan mWidrod miaxlove-
ba. Tumc ki, masSi, `neogvirgvini~ Tavi-
si uSualo formiT sakmarisad ganeSo-
ra Zvels, realurs. erTi mxriv, swored
amaSia SemoqmedebiToba, anu: gvirgvinis
`arauSualo~ sacnoboba arqiteqtoris
Tavisufal azrovnebas avlens, oRondac
meore mxriv, erTi ram aris eWvmiutane-
li: darbazis gvirgvini mainc ufro eko-
nomiuri formis mqonea da wminda funq-
ciuricaa, vidre Cvens mier ganxiluli,
Zalian kargad gamarTuli `neogvirgvi-
niseuli~ konstruqcia, romelSic esTe-
tikuri mxare mainc metobs. amdenad _
am nagebobaSic ki (romelic axlandel
etapze gamorCeulad, yvelaze warmate-
bulad migvaCnia), `darbazulobis~ sin-
Tezuroba mainc araa srulad realize-
buli, radgan Cven dRes `emansipirebu-
li~ kulturis sivrces vqmniT. albaT
yovelive es `Ria~ problemadac unda iq-
nas aRqmuli uaxlesi da samomavlo qar-
Tuli xuroTmoZRvrebisaTvis.
***
axla gavixsenoT sxva magaliTebic:
`tramvaelTa saxlSi~ darbazTan `konta-
qti~ ufro metad safasado doneze xor-
cieldeba da garegani `dekorulobis~
doneze rCeba, TumcaRa es Senoba imiTaa
sagulisxmo, rom modernistulobisa da
Zveli tradiciis Sexamebas `cdilobs~,
rac mxolod mcdelobad rCeba (Tumca-
Ra Tavad midgoma, Zalian mniSvnelovan
precedentad aRiqmeba); goris TeatrSi
interieris gamamSvenebeli `gvirgvini~
ufro metad Warbi dekoratiulobis ma-
tarebelia. iq ar Cans tramvaelTa sa-
xlis SedarebiT meti TavdaWeriloba,
arsebobs garkveuli `pompezurobis~
momentic. Tuki kolxuri oda-saxlis e.w
`xonCaSi~ `darbazulobis~ mexsiereba
bevrad ufro intensiuria da masSi cent-
rulobis semantika jerac Zlieri pozi-
ciis matarebeli Cans, goris TeatrSi
darbazulobis principis `ardaviwyeba~
ki iCens Tavs, magram iq (aSkara `sabWou-
robis~ Sedegadac) realurad semanti-
kuri mxare ukve qrobis zRvarze imyo-
feba. wina planze modis `fsevdogvirg-
vinulobis~ faqtori; moskovSi, soflis
meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenisaTvis
gankuTvnil SenobaSi, Tavi iCina imis
sayuradRebo mcdelobam, rom tradici-
uli, oRondac Zlier saxecvlili ele-
mentebis axleburi kombinirebiT, Seqm-
niliyo sakmarisad `sabWouri~, TumcaRa
mainc realurad, Zlier SemoqmedebiTi
saxis mqone, sivrciTi TvalsazrisiT,
xalvaTi, erTgvarad amaRlebulobisa da
zeimurobis matarebeli21 Senoba; Tsu VIII
korpusSi Tavis mxriv, gvrigvinisebrma
formam SeiZina realuri funqcia, Tum-
ca, misi mciremasStabianoba am elements
mainc meoradad aqcevs; sportis sasa-
xleSi arsad Cans moxmoba darbazis ms-
gavsi elementebisa, magram Tavad sivr-
ciTi koncefcia, Tavisi tevadobiTa da
simulnaturi aRqmadobiT, bevrad ufro
arsobriv miaxlovebas naTelyofs dar-
bazTan; ludis baris arqiteqturaSi,
darbazis mxolod Soreulad `momago-
nebeli~ elementebi emsaxureba upirve-
lesad, Tanamedrove xuroTmoZRvrebis
amocanaTa xorcSesxmas; metros sadgur-
Si `rusTaveli~ sivrciTi gadawyveta,
Tavisi srulebiT funqciuri grZivo-
biT, bunebrivad dacilebulia darbazis
centrulobas da upirvelesad, pilonTa
formaSia Cenili dedaboZTa garkveu-
n. janberiZe, xuroTmoZRvari a. qurdiani,
21
Tb., 1963.
 117

li analogiuroba (maTi formebi sarwmunoa, xuroTmoZRvrulad gamarTuli); `ri-

tualebis sasaxlis~ sakmaod gabedul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi, `darbazisebria~ cent-
ruloba da sadResaswaulobis aqcentireba, Tumca Zlier aRmaswrafi forma da
vertikalizmis `siWarbe~ aJurul `gvirgvinisebr~ struqturas ramdenadme `dis-
tancirebuls~ xdis; Sampanuris qarxnis `bagrationi~ sabanketo darbazSi momcve-
li sivrcis `dakumSva~ moaxdina gvirgvinulma konstruqciebma, Tumca iqneb ufro
momgebiani iqneboda maTi kidev metad gamokveTili aqcentireba; gela leJavas sa-
xlSi, Cveni SexedulebiT, yvelaze arsebiTia, rom am SenobaSi didwilad axleburad
Seikra darbazisa da kolxuri odis gamocdileba, Tanac am sacxovrisSi Sida sivrce
bevri niSniT, yvelaze metad miuaxlovda `darbazisebrivobas~, rac xelSesaxebad
gamovlinda keraSi, xolo SedarebiT arapirdapir (Tumca mainc `neogvirgvinulo-
bis~ Zlier gamaxvilebiT), `keriszeda~ nawilSi am kreatiulobiT gajerebuli Seno-
bisa (romelic 2010 w dasrulda). Tumca `darbazulobis~ potenciali, Cveni azriT,
kidev met SesaZleblobebsac gulisxmobs, rasac `gzas uxsnis~ es Senoba.
ra daskvnis gamotanaa SesaZlebeli zemoTqmulidan?
mTavari is aris, rom darbazis pirveladi, organuli, avTenturi formebi, rogorc
Cans, realurad Cabarda warsuls. Tumca, Cveni SexedulebiT, Tavad fenomeni `dar-
bazulobisa~, SemoqmedebiTi xuroTmoZRvrebisaTvis arc adre iyo da verc mermis-
Si verasgziT iqneba amowuruli (oRondac, upiratesad mainc, sul sxva rigisa da
daniSnulebis mqone SenobebSi). versiebi erTgvari `neodarbazulobisa~, rogorc
davrwmundiT, Zalian nairgvaric, da monapovrebiT uTanabroc aRmoCnda (rogorc
sabWour, ukve postsabWour epoqaSic). Cveni TvalTaxedviT, bevri sagulisxmo sia-
xlea mosalodneli `darbazulobis~ Ziebisas samomavlodac. vimedovnebT, rom es
siaxleebi ufro Rrma wvdomasac gamoavlens, vidre aqamdis realizda.
darbazis birTvisebri centruloba; sixalvaTe-tevadobisa da `dawuruloba-Ta-
vmoyris~ dabalansebuloba; integraluroba sivrcisa da misive `geStalturoba~;
aSkarad sazeimo xasiaTi; ekologiuri gamarTuloba; seismomedegoba; konstruq-
ciuli mizanSewonilobis xarisxi; uaRresi semantikuri `sisavse-tevadoba~; poli-
funqciuroba da kidev bevri sxva maxasiaTebelic, uTuod naTelyofs, rom darbaz-
Tan dialogis SesaZleblobebi ubralod amouwuravia (am mxriv didi potencialis
matarebeli SeiZleba aRmoCndes samonastro aRmSeneblobac). sazogadod, qarTul
darbazs ZaluZs bevri ram SesZinos axal qarTul arqiteqturas. am gzaze sabWou-
ri da postsabWouri gamcdileba aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia _ Tavisi xar-
vezebiTac da monapovrebiTac, romelnic informaciulia orsav SemTxvevaSi.
aq warmodgenil cdas ar aqvs sisrulis aranairi pretenzia. es yovelive ufro
problemis aqtualizaciis mcdelobad miviCnieT. aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT fun-
damenturi kvlevebi ki samomavlo amocanad gvesaxeba.

P.S. winamdebare narkvevi gafarTovebuli versiaa 2017 w. 1 dekembers, g. CubinaSvilis

sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis erovnul kvleviT centrSi
wakiTxuli moxsenebisa: `darbazuli xuroTmoZRvreba, rogorc konstanta, da misi
gamovlineba XX s. qarTul arqiteqturaSi~ (akad. n. janberiZis 90 wlisTavisad-
mi miZRvnil konferencia). TanadgomisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT arqiteqtorsa da
mkvlevars devi janiaSvils da aseve, arqiteqturis doqtorants, giorgi maxaTaZes.
118

Samson Lezhava
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art
George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

Beqa Maisuradze
Georgian Technical University

Circular Architecture and Some of the Problems

of the 20th Century Georgian Architecture

The paper makes an attempt to demonstrate that in the 20th (namely during the Soviet period) and also
at the beginning of the 21st centuries achievements of traditional circular architecture land back into the
spotlight and gain their urgency. The first example of the interest is manifested in D. Chislev’s “Tram-workers’
Houses” (1926-1928) where he even uses forms similar to the central pillars as a decoration of a façade.
These buildings present a combination of modernism (in a form of constructivism) and retro stylization.
Sh. Tavadze and M. Chkhikvadze install in the foyer of a Gori Theatre (1935-1939) a crown-shaped form
which is supposed to bear a function of the main decoration. Approaches are more creative and transform-
ative in Moscow at the pavilion constructed and dedicated to the exhibition of agricultural achievements
by A. Kurdiani and G. Lezhava (1939). S. Revishvili gives a special content to the wreath like structure at the
8th building of the Tbilisi State University and uses it as a source of the light (1953-1955). In the case of the
Sports Palace, which was constructed by V. Aleksi-Meskhishvili, I. Kasradze and D. Kajaia (1957-1967) use
of the circular design is quite obvious in contrasting external appearance of the building and its spacious
inner space. Here we don’t see any direct, formal connections. Associations with the hall of a beer bar on
the embankment (architects: R. Kiknadze, T. Mikashavidze, N. Kvaskhvadze, 1972) are indirect and are better
manifested in the concept of the space itself. In 1950 there was a central pillar installed in E. Akhvlediani’s
workshop adding certain flair to attractive atmosphere of interior and creating a sense of social “unity” at
the same time transforming the room into a multidimensional hall. A metro station “Rustaveli” (architects:
O. Kalandarishvili, I. Tskhomelidze and L. Janelidze, 1966) also has something similar to the “central pillar” –
a notion which in the case of the metro station “Tsereteli” (architect: M. Katsitadze, 1979) is expressed in a
different form. In the Palace of Ceremonies (architects: V. Jorbenadze and V. Orbeladze) the main focus is on
the function of festivity and rituals that were not unfamiliar to the hall (1984-1985). Interest towards the
circular halls remains vivid in the 21st century as well. Crown-like constructions connect and organize inner
space of the banqueting hall of the Champaign factory “Bagrationi” (architects: R. Durglishvili and D. Janiash-
vili, 2008) – now an interior already famous for its architecture. And as the last comes G. Lezhava’s house in
Didi Jikhaisi (architect R. Chomakhidze) where tradition of a circular house is manifested at a larger extent.
Here one can see a functional fireplace and modern “crown-like” construction (2001-2010). However the
building has an absolutely independent appearance and is not directly connected to the hall. In connection
with the traditional concept of a “hall” and without it, it is perceived as the most creative part of the building.
In total, the notion of the hall is gradually becoming obsolete. Its last, authentic examples were produced
in the 1980s. Since recently there have been made several attempts to “return” to the construction of the
halls in non-professional private buildings, which may be result of an active development of tourism.
In general, phenomenon of a hall in the architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries and differentiated ap-
proaches to the issue remain urgent – a sign that they maintain their role of an inspiration and continuous
renewing. This is logical as a circular architecture belongs to brilliant examples of traditional Georgian
construction art and bears a multifunctional, constructive orderliness that matches the idea of a “temple”
offering a construction of tectonically high quality and deeply semantic content.
 119

1. d. Cislievi, tramvaelTa saxli, 1926-1928

D. Chislev, tram-worker’s house, 1926-1928

2. S. TavaZe, m. CxikvaZe, goris Teatris foie,1935-1939

Sh. Tavadze and M. Chkhikvadze, foyer of the Gori Theatre, 1925-1939
120

3. v. aleqsi-mesxiSvili, i. kasraZe, d. qajaia, sportis sasaxle, interieri, 1957-1963

V. Aleksi-Meskhishvili, I. Kasradze, D. Kajaia, interior of the Sports Palace, 1957-1967

4. s. reviSvili, Tsu-s VIII korpusi,

gvirgviniani kibis ujredi, 1953-1955
S. Revishvili, “crowned” space at the 8th building
of the Tbilisi State University, 1953-1955
 121

5. r. kiknaZe, T. miqaSaviZe, n. kvasxvaZe, ludis bari sanapiroze, 1972

R. Kiknadze, T. Mikashavidze, N. Kvaskhvadze, beer bar at the embankment, 1972

6. e. axvledianis saxelosno, dedaboZi,

1950-iani ww.
E. Akhvlediani’s workshop, central pillar, 1950s
122

7. o. kalandariSvili, i. cxomeliZe, l. janeliZe, metros sadguri `rusTaveli~, 1966

O. Kalandarishvili, I. Tskhomelidze, L. Janelidze, metro station “Rustaveli”, 1966

8. m. kacitaZe, metros sadguri `wereTeli~, 1979

M. Katsitadze, metro station “Tsereteli”, 1979
 123

9. v. jorbenaZe, v. orbelaZe,
ritualebis sasaxle, 1984-1985
V. Jorbenadze, V. Orbeladze,
the Palace of Ceremonies, 1984-1985

10. r. durgliSvili, d. janiaSvili, Sampanuris qarxnis `bagrationi~ sabanketo

darbazi, 2008
R. Durglishvili, D. Janiashvili, banquet hall of the Champaign factory “Bagrationi”, 2008
124

11. r. ComaxiZe, g. leJavas saxli did jixaiSSi, neo-gvirgvinuli konstruqcia, 2001-2010

R. Chomakhidze, G. Lezhava’s house in Didi Jikhaishi, “Neo Crown”, 2001-2010
 125

Tamar amaSukeli
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

qarTuli sabWoTa arqiteqturis kvlevis warsuli, awmyo da

momavali1

statia Seexeba sabWoTa arqiteqturis Seafasebisa da kvlevis ramdenime mniSvne-

lovan aspeqts, Tumca Txrobas ufro Soridan daviwyeb, radgan mimaCnia, rom mim-
dinare politikurma da socialurma procesma didad gansazRvra rogorc Tavad
arqiteqturis, aseve misi kritikis Sefasebis formebic.
XX saukunis dasawyisidan, rodesac xelovnebis „namuSevrebis“ warmoebam masobrivi
xasiaTi SeiZina, miznobrivi jgufis moTxovnebic gasaSualovda, standartizirda,
maskultura aRiarebul iqna, rogorc uprecedento, Seucvleli saSualeba axali
Rirebulebebis dasamkvidreblad, da es fsevdokultura mdare xelovnebidan ga-
daiqca manipulaciis, masobrivi hipnozis saSualebad. manipulacia da hipnozi ki
iyo is, rac yvelaze metad sWirdeboda gardaqmnebis turbulentur zonaSi Sesul
msoflios da, maT Soris, sabWoTa kavSirs.
Tu rogor udgeboda sabWoeTi xelovnebas, amisTvis sakmarisia vladimer iliCis
erTi frazac „me, xelovnebaSi didad kompetenturi ar var, CemTvis es... erTgvari
inteleqtualuri brma nawlavia, da rodesac misi propagandistuli roli naTama-
Sebi, dasrulebuli iqneba, Cven mas _ kriW-kriW _ amovWriT“2 _ aseTi iyo midgoma
xelovnebisadmi saxelmwifoSi, sadac ar arsebobda xelovneba politikis gareSe,
sadac politika gansazRvravda mis zomas, formas da fers.
Sesabamisad, rTuli da faqtobrivad SeuZlebelic kia sabWoTa arqiteqturis cv-
lilebebis logikuri jaWvis Seqmna mxolod stilis maxasiaTeblebis saSualebiT,
radgan cvlileba yvela etapze xelovnuri da garedan marTulia. stilistur sa-
zRvrebs ara Tavad arqiteqturuli procesi, aramed politikuri gadawyvetile-
bebi awesebs. mkafiod ganirCeva stilis gansxvaveba rogorc vizualur, ise miznis
doneze, stilidan stilze gadasvla xistia, gansxvaveba mkafio, stilis akrZalvis
da axalze gadasvlis procesi ki _ identuri.
miuxedavad imisa, rom iTvleba, TiTqos kulturaSi saxelmwifos Careva sabWoTa
kavSiris istoriis meore, e.w. stalinuri periodisTvis ufroa damaxasiaTebeli,
politikasTan siaxlove pirveli etapis avangarduli xelovnebisTvisac ar aris
ucxo, iseve rogorc, winamorbed stilTan brZolis xisti, agresiuli, revoluci-
uri meTodebi.
gansxvaveba pirvel da meore etapebs Soris aris is, rom pirvel, konstruqtiviz-
mis gavrcelebis etapze, zewola xorcieldeba ufro metad profesiuli kriti-
kis da wreebis mxridan, xolo meore, e.w „stalinuri ampiris“ gavrcelebis etapze,

1
moxseneba wakiTxulia akademikos nodar janberiZis dabadebidan 90 wlisadmi miZRvnil
samecniero konferenciaze _ XX-XXI saukuneebis qarTuli arqiteqtura da xelovneba, Tb.,
2017, 1 dekemberi.
2
Е. Гусляров, Ленин в жизни, Систематизированный свод воспоминаний современников, документов эпохи, версий
историков, М., 2003, ст. 514.
126
zewola da cenzura struqturirebul
xasiaTs atarebs da, ara profesiuli,
aramed politikuri wreebidan modis.
sabWoTa xelovnebaSi mimdinare movle-
nebi, upirveles yovlisa, xasiaTdeba
ara stilis, aramed midgomebis dapiris-
pirebiT. erTmaneTs daupirispirda ori
radikalurad gansxvavebuli midgoma:
racionaluri da iracionaluri, azris-
mieri da grZnobismieri .
„formalistebi“ _ ase monaTlaven mog-
vianebiT XX saukunis dasawyisis avangar-
dul mimdinareobebs _ erTgvari samec-
niero _ analitikuri midgomis momxreni
iyvnen, rogorc Secnobisas, aseve Seqm-
nisas. isini cdilobdnen obieqti dae-
SalaT calkeul elementebad: formad,
kompoziciad, gegmarebad, proporciad,
ritmad, gaeanalizebinaT formis war-
moqmnis da urTierTkavSiris sistemebi,
mxolod amis Semdeg SeeqmnaT Tanamed-
rove moTxovnebis da funqciis Sesabami-
si axali arqiteqtura. mTavari iyo ara
axali vizuali, aramed midgoma. isini sas-
tikad ewinaaRmdegebodnen konstruqti-
vizmis stilad Camoyalibebis process,
radgan maTTvis es iyo meTodi da ara
– stili. Semecneba _ analizis process
Tan sdevda farTo diskusiebi da kvle-
vebi, warmarTuli „axali arqiteqturis“
Teoriuli bazis Sesaqmnelad.
upirveles yovlisa, zustad es analiti-
kuri, racionaluri, meTodi iyo miuRe-
beli „meore xuTwledis“ sabWoTa ide-
ologiisTvis. maT sWirdebodaT nakle-
bi racio da meti grZnoba, amitom mTeli
yuradReba gadatanili iqna SegrZnebaze
da ara Semecnebaze.
meore xuTwledidan praqtikulad
ikrZaleba, likvidirebulia siRrmiseu-
li kvlevebi, diskusiebi. arqiteqtu-
ruli miznebisa da amocanebis gansazR-
vraSi, aseve misi Sefasebis avangardSi
Tavad politikuri elita dgeba. arqi-
teqturuli kritika „masobriv monapo-
varad~ iqca da masSi iZulebiTa Tu sa-
kuTari surviliT CaerTnen poetebi,
mwerlebi, mxatvrebi, muSebi, glexebi...
Sesabamisad, profesiuli ena arapro-
fesiuliT Canacvlda, „proletarul
arqiteqturaze“ saubrisas aRniSnaven,
rom is aucileblad unda gamoxatavdes
proletariatis „xalisian damokidebu-
lebas cxovrebisadmi“. erT-erT mTavar
kriteriumad iqca subieqturi Sefaseba
_ lamazi: „axla gamarjvebuli prole-
tariati aSenebs axal qveyanas, qmnis
axal cxovrebas da am siaxlis fonze mas
sWirdeba... keTilmowyobili da lamazi
dedaqalaqi“3, `muSa moiTxovs damate-
biT, lamaz ubraloebas, RvarWnilobisa
da uxeSobis gareSe“ 4.
da ra viTareba gvaqvs profesiuli kri-
tikis da, zogadad, Tanamedrove arqi-
teqtureli procesis Sefasebis kuTxiT
saqarTveloSi?
miuxedavad imisa, rom socialisturi
saxelmwifos arsebobis pirveli etapi
urbanuli da arqiteqturuli disku-
siebiT xasiaTdeba, msgavsi analitikuri
procesi saqarTveloSi ar fiqsirdeba.
presaSi gamoqveynebuli statiebis um-
ravlesoba pirdapir naTargmnia sakav-
Siro gazeTebidan an warmoadgens iq ar-
sebuli statiebis gadamRerebas.
am periodSi kvlevis ararsebobis
mizezad SegviZlia miviCnioT zogadad,
kadrebis simwire da dargis sisuste,
meore etapze ki kvlevis kriteriumebis
ararseboba, rac politikuri procesis
nawilia. es yvelaferi mkvlevarebs ar
aZlevs ara Tu obieqtis, aramed mTlia-
nad procesis analizis saSualebas.
am stilSi muSaoba SeeZlo yvelas, magram
iqneboda namuSevari socialisturad ga-
marTlebuli Tu ara, amas konkretuli
3
mSromelebi iZlevian winadadebebs, gazeTi
„komunisti“, 1934, 03.09.
4
„Избиратели предлагают“, Строительство Москвы,
1935, №1, ст. 34.

adamianebi gansazRvravdnen. Sefasebis
kriteriumebis ararseboba idealur pi-
robebs qmnida dausabuTebeli cenzu-
risTvis, ramac gansazRvra kidec mTeli
momdevno epoqis ara marto arqitetqu-
ruli procesi, aramed am procesisi Se-
fasebisa da „analizis „ Taviseburebebic.
am periodis naSromebis didi nawili,
romlebic Tanamedrove arqiteqtu-
ras exeba, ZiriTadad gacnobiT xasiaTs
atarebs. xSirad, ubralod, CamoTvli-
lia ama Tu im periodSi aSenebuli Tu
dagegmili konkretuli obieqtebi. mk-
vlevarebi Semoifarglebian zogadi
ideologiuri frazebiT. faqtobrivad,
identuria rogorc „dawunebuli“, ase-
ve „mowonebuli“ obieqtebis sia, maTi
Sefasebebic. Tumca kargad wakiTxvis
SemTxvevaSi, am ideologiur narativs
Soris, Cven SegviZlia aRmovaCinoT gak-
vriT an sulac sqolioSi gatanili sa-
fuZvliani analizis mcdelobebi.
SegviZlia gamovyoT ZiriTdi sakiTxi,
romelzec qarTveli mecnieriebi ake-
Teben aqcents _ arqiteqturis nacio-
naluri elferi. minda winamdebare sta-
tiaSi zustad am sakiTxze SevaCero yu-
radReba.
saqarTveloSi, rogorc e.w. „forma-
listuri“ arqiteqturis gavrcelebis
periodSi, aseve manamdec da Semdegac,
rodesac ukve oficialur doneze iyo
deklarirebuli memkvireobis aTviseba,
mTavar Temad rCeba Tanamedrove arqi-
teqturaSi qarTuli xuroTmoZRvruli
tradiciebis gadmotana. am mimarTu-
lebiT mimdinareobda ZiriTadi Ziebani
rogorc praqtikuli, aseve Teoriuli
TvalsazrisiT. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom
erovnuli xuroTmoZRvrebis aTvisebis
ganxilvisas, TiTqmis yovelTvis moix-
senieba samxatvro akademia, romelic
warmoCenilia, rogorc erT-erTi Ziri-
Tadi faqtori da win gadadgmuli nabi-
ji memkvidreobis aTvisebis gzaze. ide-
127
ologiuri teqstebiTa da aucilebeli
frazebiT mkvlevarebi xazs usvamen qar-
Tuli, „formiT nacionaluri, SinaarsiT
ki socialisturi“ arqiteqturis Seqmnis
gzaze, erovnuli xuroTmoZRvrebis kri-
tikulad aTvisebis aucileblobas da am
procesSi saTanado kadrebisa da kvleve-
bis mniSvnelobas, rac gaxda kidec winapi-
roba rogorc dargis ganviTrebisa, aseve
rigi obieqtebis fizikurad gadarCenisa.
ras gulisxmobda nacionaluri xuroT-
moZRvrebis kritikuli aTviseba?
mkvlevarebi cdiloben gamoyon qar-
Tuli xuroTmoZRvrebis mniSvenlova-
ni, konceptualuri elementebi. maTi
azriT, mxolod am elementebis gaaz-
rebam da Tanamedrove aqriteqturaSi
transformorebam SeiZleba mogvces
sasurveli Sedegi _ memkvidreobis aT-
viseba da ara kopireba.
ra iyo mniSvnelovani, ZiriTadi momen-
tebi?
`ar arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebob-
des ucvleli da mudmivi „qarTuli sti-
li“, aramed arsebobs qarTuli xuroT-
moZRvreba, romelic Tavisi istoriis
xangrZliv manZilze mudmiv ganviTrebas
ganicdida: igi inarCunebs garkveul,
konstantur erovnul Taviseburebebs“5
_ wers vaxtang beriZe mis 1955 wels ga-
moqveynebul naSromSi „qarTuli xelo-
vneba“. am konstantur Rirebulebebs
akonkreteben 1936 wlis 21 Tebervals,
saqarTvelos sabWoTa arqiteqtorebis
pirvel yrilobaze wakiTxul moxseneba-
Si giorgi CubinaSvili da nikoloz seve-
rovi: „qarTuli arqiteqturis... isto-
riis mTel manZilze, SeiZleba iTqvas,
ori ramaa specifikuri, uryevi: 1. qva,
rogorc garegnoba, masala, kani nagebo-
bisa; 2. ornamentuli CuqurTma~6.
5
v. beriZe, qarTuli sabWoTa xuroTmoZRv-
reba, Tb., 1961, gv. 89.
6
g.CubinaSvili, n. severovi, qarTuli arqi-
teqturis gzebi, moxseneba wakiTxuli sru-
128
Tanamedrove arqiteqturas safuZvlad
unda daedos...nagebobis moculobis ma-
sebis „konstruqciuli kolofi“. mase-
bis garigebas da saerTo organizaciaSi
sworkuTxa da kvadrats miaxloebuli
forma gvevlineba bunebriv logikur
Sedegad. horizontalisken miswrafeba
udgeba amasTanave mTeli istoriuli
qarTuli arqiteqturis tendenciebs.
maS ase, kompoziciuri aRnagobis am Con-
Cxs arqiteqtorma Tavisi SemoqmedebiT
unda mounaxos ... iseTi proporciebi,
romlebic SeTanxmebiT iJRereben arqi-
teqturuli formebis erovnuli aTvi-
sebis struqturasTan erTad ...
amasTanave, ar SeiZleba xazi ar gaesvas
zeviT moxseniebuls...codo ar iqneba,
Tu Cven nagebobaTa perangad vinatrebT
qvas... nalesoba ki ... SeiZleba daeTmos
CrdiloeTs.
meore momenti, gadajaWvulia pirvelze
_ es aris ornamentuli CuqurTmis qva-
ze gamoyvanis SesaZlebloba da survi-
li nagebobis arqiteqturuli forme-
bis da misi Sekrulobis aqcentisaTvis.
am fandiT normalur CarCoebSi iqneba
moTavsebuli moxmareba skulpturisa
da bareliefisa, romlebiTac exla sar-
gebloben nametnav sixSiriT“7.
qarTveli mecnierebi gamoyofen Ziri-
Tad, e.w. „konstantur erovnul Tavise-
burebas“, magram rogor unda morgebo-
da is Tanamedroveobas, es iyo ZiriTdi
kiTxva, romelzec mkafio, naTeli pasu-
xi arc iyo saWiro.
rom SevajamoT, Tanamedrove sabWoTa
arqiteqturis kvlevebi, SegviZlia ga-
movyoT zogadi struqtura:
1. yvelaze farTod warmodgenilia: au-
cilebeli, zogadi, ideologiuri
frazebi da tendenciebi, aseve obie-
liad saqarTvelos sabWoTa arqiteqtore-
bis pirvel yrilobaze 1936 wlis 21 Teber-
vals, tfilisi, 1936, gv. 178.
7
iqve.
qtTa grZeli CamonaTvali; rogorc
Cans, mkvlevarebi am saSaulebiT
cdiloben daafiqsiron rac SeiZleba
meti obieqti da amiT garkveuli in-
formacia gadascen momaval Taobebs.
2. mcired warmodgenilia problemis
analizi da misi gamomwvevi mizeze-
bi; aseve obieqtTa Tu tendenciaTa
gakritikebisas, gakvriT, magram mainc
naxsenebia maTi dadebiTi mxarec.
magaliTadad SegviZlia moviyvanoT vax-
tang beriZis naSromi „qarTuli xelov-
neba“8. aq erT-erTi yvelaze dagmobili,
gakicxuli obieqtebis _ d. Cislievis
tramvaelTa dasaxlebis, k. leontievis
tuberkuliozis saqalaqo institutis
da sxvaTa kritikisas is iyenebs frazebs,
romelTac xSirad wavawydebiT sagaze-
To statiebSi da partiuli nomenkla-
turis gamosvlebSic „ekleqtizmi, for-
malizmi, brma kopireba, butaforiuli
stilizacia“.
amasTanave, is cdilobs daasabuTos,
Tu ratom ver mogvcemda saTanado Se-
degs safortifikacio da sakulto na-
gebobebis elementTa saqalaqo arqite-
qturaSi gadmotana: „arqiteqturili
amocanis gadawyvetisas xom mTavari da
yvelaze mniSvnelovani „funqciuri da
esTetikuri mizanSewonilobaa“, rac qm-
nis „klasikur nawarmoebTa mxatvrul
-ideuri saxis simarTlesa da damarw-
muneblobas“. zustad am funqciuri da
vizualuri Sinaarsis mizanSeuwonloba
miaCnia mas problemis saTaved.
aqve avtori cdilobs arsebuli proble-
mis mizezis moZiebas: „im dros, roca
wamoiWra erovnuli formis aRdgenis
amocana… Cvens arqiteqtorebs ar gaCn-
daT iseTi nimuSi, romelic cotad Tu
bevrad gamoadgebodaT uSualo „amosa-
8
v. beriZe, qarTuli xelovneba, qarTuli xe-
lovnebis istroiis institutis Sromebi, 4 # ,
Tb., 1955.

val wertilad“... qarTul arqiteqtu-
raze, „qarTul stilze“ warmodgena Za-
launeburad ukavSirdeboda saeklesio
an cixe-simagreTa formebs, romelTac
dRevandel saqalaqo SenobaSi, cxadia,
adgili ver moeZebnebaT“9. is akritikebs,
dauSveblad miaCnia msgavsi tendencia,
Tumca iqve mohyavs profesor kalginis
citata: „amJamad saeklesio, feodalu-
ri cixeebis stilis saxeliT naTlaven
qarTuli stiliT Senebis yovelgvar
cdas. Cven Tanaxma varT, rom yvelaferi,
rac keTdeba iseT mniSvnelovan dargSi,
rogoric axali mSeneblobaa, yovelmx-
riv unda iyos gakritikebuli, magram
ueWvelia, rom TviT miswrafeba, TviT-
mizani _ gamosaxuli iqnes xalxuri Se-
moqmedebis Tavisebureba _ waxalisebis
Rirsia da ara _ daZraxvisa~10.
mokled, sabWoTa arqitetquris kvle-
vebis Sefasebisas erTi qarTuli andaza
SegviZlia moviSvelioT: „karg mTqmels,
kargi gamgone sWirdebao“. ramdenad iqna
gagebuli da gaziarebuli mkvlevarTa
mosazrebebi, es sxva statiis Temaa.
dabolos, minda mokled Sevexo, sabWoTa
arqiteqturis kvlevis or problemas,
romlis winaSec dRes vdgavarT:
1. masalis da siRrmiseuli kvlevebis
simwireze jer kidev 1955 wels miu-
TiTebda vaxtang beriZe da aRniSna-
vda: „am dargSi monografiuli naS-
romebic TiTqmis srulebiT ar mo-
gvepoveba. bunebrivia, rom momavali
muSaoba _ calkeul sakiTxTa mono-
grafiuli kvleva, axal saarqivo ma-
salaTa moZieba _ Seqmnis safuZvels
ganxiluli periodis xuroTmoZRv-
rebis ufro farTo da Rrmad gaSu-
qebisTvis“11. samwuxarod, viTareba
didad ar Secvlila, udavod win ga-
dadgmuli nabijia nodar janberiZis
9
iqve, gv. 90.
10
iqve, gv. 92, sqolio 1.
11
iqve, gv. 61, sqolio 1.
129
naSromebi da, gansakuTrebiT, misi
monografia „qarTuli sabWoTa ar-
qiteqturis istoria“. Tumca es naS-
romic, gamomdinare misi gamocemis
periodidan, garkveul politikur
koniunqturaSi moeqca, gansakuTre-
biT politikur-socialuri konteqs-
tis analizisas.
miuxedavad distanciisa, samwuxarod,
dResac, praqtikulad ar mimdinareobs
sabWoTa arqiteqturis siRrmiseuli
kvlevebi, romelic, erTi mxriv, Seqm-
nis am periodis arqiteqturis Sefase-
bis kriteriumebs, rac sakmaod rTuli
amocanaa, meore mxriv ki dagvanaxebs
qarTuli sabWoTa arqiteqturis srul
suraTs, ara marto saxelovnebaTmcod-
neo kvlevis safuZvelze, aramed poli-
tikur-socialuri da ekonomikuri kon-
teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. `samwuxarod, Tavis droze saTanado
masalis Senaxvisa da dacvisTvis ara-
vis uzrunia. qarTuli sabWoTa arqi-
teqturis mniSvnelovani nimuSebis
Seswavlac ki gaZnelebulia, radgan
umeteswilad, maTi proeqtebi ar Se-
monaxula, an mxolod nawilobrivaa
Senaxuli~12 _ aRniSnavs vaxtang be-
riZe da imedovnebs, rom viTareba ga-
moswordeba.
samwuxarod, viTareba konkretuli sap-
roeqto instituciebis gauqmebisa da
maTi saarqivo masalebis gadanawile-
ba-ganadgurebis pirobebSi, kidev ufro
damZimda. praqtikulad SeuZlebelia
moiZioT sabWoTa periodSi agebuli
mniSvnelovani obieqtebis srulfasova-
ni masala, romelic Seicavs sakonkur-
so davalebas, saproeqto dokumenta-
cias, ganmartebiT baraTsa da ganxilvis
procesis stenografiul Canawerebs.
12
v. beriZe, qarTuli xelovneba, qarTuli
xelovnebis istroiis institutis Sromebi,
4
# , Tb., 1955, gv 61, sqolio 1.
130

nawili dokumentaciisa inaxeba moskovisa da sanqt-peterburgis arqivebSi, nawili

ki SesaZlebelia inaxebodes saqarTveloSi, Tumca, maTi moZieba garkveuli mizeze-
bis gamo, SeuZlebelia. amas arTulebs is viTarebac, rom dokumentacia gadanawile-
bulia sxvadasxva instituciebsa da fondebSi.
sabWoTa arqiteqturam arsebuli cenzurisa da CarCoebis farglebSi moaxerxa
Seeqmna saintereso nimuSebi, romlebmac didwilad ganapiroba saqarTvelos qala-
qebis ieri. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, Tumca faqtobrivad, kvlevisa da yurad-
Rebis miRmaa darCenili saqarTvelos kurortebi. samwuxarod, sabWoTa arqiteq-
turis kvleva, rogorc Cans, kidev ufro garTuldeba, radgan faqtobrivad, Cvens
Tvalwin mimdinareobs rogorc konkretuli obieqtebis, ise mTeli arqiteqturu-
li ansamblebis ganadgureba. maTi did nawili ar aris Sefasebuli da praqtikulad,
„usaxelod“ qreba.
 131

Tamar Amashukeli
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

The Past, Present and Future of Research

of the Georgian Soviet Architecture

Present paper covers the problems connected to the process of research of the Soviet architecture. It is
worth mentioning that the issues of detailed study and scarcity of available material still remain urgent.
Despite distance in time, up until now, scrupulous research of the Soviet architecture that would make it
possible to create a big picture of the field based on combination of art research and the political, social
and economic contexts has produced insufficient results.
It’s hard and basically impossible to recreate a logical chain of changes that were done to the Soviet
architecture studying solely the style characteristics, since these changes were in all phases conducted
in an artificial and guided way. They were determined by an absolutely different goal. On the one hand,
the changes of the architectural style were following the goal of completely ignoring the essence of
professional criticism. On the other hand absence of the criteria for changes, which is part of the political
process, does not allow the researchers to produce a substantiated analysis of a specific object or entire
process.
Another problem that emerged in the past, was mentioned by Vakhtang Beridze already in 1955 and still
remains urgent, relates to the scarcity of the material. Unfortunately, the situation has worsened since dis-
mantling of specific design institutions and disposal of their archival materials. Due to that process it is im-
possible to obtain complete data about important sites which were constructed during the Soviet period.
Soviet architecture that was created under existing censorship and limitations managed to produce inter-
esting masterpieces, which largely determined architectural appearances of Georgian cities. Among them
Georgian resorts are of particular interest thanks to their engineering and industrial style that originated
in the Soviet times. Nowadays they are left out from the research and attention. Unfortunately, since re-
cently study of the Soviet architecture has become even more complicated due to the fact that specific
objects and entire architectural ensembles are being destroyed with majority of them not being properly
evaluated and lost forever.
132

sofio CitoreliZe
giorgi CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa
da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli kvleviTi centri

sawarmoo keramika mxatvar murTaz abaSiZis SemoqmedebaSi

XX saukunis qarTuli keramika farTo speqtriT xasiaTdeba da is rogorc xalxur,

ise profesiul nawarms moicavs. profesiul keramikaSi pirobiTad, SeiZleba ori
mimarTuleba gamovyoT: individualur-SemoqmedebiTi1 da sawarmoo keramika2. ga-
moyenebiT-dekoratiuli xelovnebis aRniSnuli dargis orive mimarTuleba3 dRei-
saTvis aqtiur kvleva-Seswavlas saWiroebs. es ufro metad e. w. sawarmoo kerami-
kas exeba, romlis Sesaxeb informacia, am Temaze daweril, isedac mwir samecniero
SromebSi TiTqmis ugulebelyofilia. mcire ram aris cnobili iq moRvawe mxatv-
rebsa da warmoebul produqciaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom keramikulma sawarmoebma
saqarTveloSi sul ramdenime aTeuli weli ifunqcionira da am drois ganmavlo-
baSi bolomde ver moxerxda gamarTuli sawarmoo bazis Seqmna da warmoebisTvis
saWiro uamravi problebis daZleva (rac TavisTavad uaryofiTad aisaxa produq-
ciis mxatvrul xarisxzec), am pirobebSic ki Seiqmna iseTi nimuSebi, romlebic nam-
dvilad saWroebs saTanado Seswavlas. miT ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom
saqarTveloSi arsebul sxvadasxva sawarmoSi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, muSaobdnen ke-
ramikosebi (murTaz abaSiZe, nikoloz luarsabiSvili, elene megreliSvili, meri
jalaRania da sxvebi), romelTa SemoqmedebiTma moRvaweobam mniSvnelovani kvali
daatyveso XX saukunis meore naxevris qarTuli keramikis ganviTarebis istorias.
keramikuli sawarmoebidan Sevexebi saburTalos saSen masalaTa kombinats, iq war-
moebuli produqciis ganxilvas ki mxatvar-keramikos murTaz abaSiZis4 namuSev-
1
am jgufSi SeiZleba gavaerTianoT Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis keramikis eqsperimentu-
li saxelosnos mxatvrebi da mis gareT, damoukideblad moRvawe keramikosebis Semoqmedeba.
2
saqarTvelos keramikul sawarmoebSi (saburTalos saSen masalaTa kombinati, Tbilisis
keramikuli kombinati, Tbilisis kafelis filebis qarxana da sxv.) damzadebuli mxatvru-
li nawarmi.
3
miuxedavad zemoT mocemuli klasifikaciisa, mkveTri zRvari am or mimarTulebas So-
ris mainc ar arsebobs, vinaidan mxatvrebi, romlebic individualuri Semoqmedebis jgufs
miekuTvnebian, garkveuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, keramikul kombinatSic muSaobdnen. amas-
Tanave, aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom sawarmoo kombinatebs da maT Soris Tbilisis sa-
Sen masalaTa kombinats, SemoqmedebiTi kavSiri hqonda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiasTan,
Tbilisis teqnikuri esTetikis kvleviT institutsa da kvleviT sawarmoo gaerTianeba sa-
qorgteqsaSeni masalebis institutTan da a.S. maTTan TanamSromlobis Sedegad kombinatSi
bevri, axali nimuSis formis warmoeba dainerga, romelsac am dawesebulebebSi momuSave
qarTveli mxatvar-keramikosebi qmnidnen.
4
murTaz abaSiZe (1927-2004) saCxeris raionis sofel WalaSi daibada. 1954 wels daamTavra
Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis keramikis fakulteti (pedagogebi: z. maisuraZe, a. ficxe-
lauri, d. ciciSvili). igi saintereso, mravalmxrivi interesebis mqone xelovania. muSaob-
da, rogorc dekoratiul-gamoyenebiT, ise monumentur keramikaSi, aseve karikaturisa da
plakatis ganxriT. 1959 wlidan monawileobda yofili ssrk–sa da sazRvargareT (belgia,
saberZneTi, italia, kanada, portugalia) gamarTul gamofenebSi. 1975 wlidan misi namu-
Sevrebi eqponirebuli iyo saerTaSoriso samrewvelo gamofenebze monrealSi, londonSi,
lionSi, hanoiSi, Teiransa da sxva qalaqebSi.

rebis magaliTze Sevecdebi. misi Semo-
qmedeba wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tbilisis
saburTalos saSen masalaTa kombinatis
teqnologiuri SesaZleblobebis kval-
dakval viTardeboda da yvela is siaxle,
rac sawarmoSi dainerga, mxatvris Semo-
qmedebazec aisaxa, da piriqiTac, kera-
mikosis SemoqmedebiTma da mxatvrul-
ma Ziebebma garkveuli kvali daamCnia
seriul sawarmoo produqcias5.
cnobilia, rom SedarebiTD didi warmado-
bis adgilobrivi keramikuli sawarmoe-
bis daarseba 1930-iani wlebis bolosa da
1940-iani wlebis dasawyisidan daiwyo.
magaliTad, 1939-1940 ww-Si safuZveli
Caeyara pirveli sacdeli qarxnis mSe-
neblobas q. maxaraZeSi (ozurgeTi), ro-
melic eqspluataciaSi 1942 wlidan Se-
vida6. 1949 wels TbilisSi saZirkveli
Caeyara faifur-faiansis did sawarmos
m. abaSiZis namuSevrebs miRebuli aqvs
oTxi diplomi italiis (faencis) keramikis
saerTaSoriso gamofenaze 1969, 1970, 1972,
1974; poloneTis 1975 wlis keramikis saer-
TaSoriso gamofenis diplomi; 1978, 1979,
1985 wlebSi ssrk saxalxo meurneobis mi-
RwevaTa gamofenis vercxlis, brinjaos da
oqros medlebi da sxva jildoebi. 1980 wels
mas saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli mxatvris
wodeba mieniWa. saqarTvelos enciklopedia,
t. I, Tb., 1993 w. gv. 24; n. yifiani, m. abaSiZe,
gamofenis katalogi, Tb., 1978; А. Какабадзе,
Современная Грузинская керамика, М., 1984.
5
masalad warmodgenilia mxatvris ojaxis
kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli da saqarT-
velos erovnuli muzeumis, d. SevardnaZis
saxelobis erovnuli galereis fondebSi
daculi im namuSevrebis nawili, romle-
bic mxatvarma kombinatSi muSaobis wlebSi
Seasrula. mxatvris ojaxSi SevZeli aseve,
gavcnobodi kombinatTan arsebuli sagamo-
feno darbazis nimuSTa sapasporto monace-
mebsac.
6
sawarmoSi ver moxerxda mxatvruli da
sayofacxovrebo nimuSebis warmoebisaTvis
saWiro bazis Seqmna. qarxana uSvebda fai-
furis eleqtro gorgolaWebs, Weris roze-
tebs da sxva teqnikur nawarms. m. xananaSvi-
li, faifuri, Tb., 1960, gv.86.
133
_ Tbilisis (navTluRis) keramikul kom-
binats7. 1953 wlidan keramikis da fai-
furis mxatvruli nawarmis gamoSveba
Tbilisis (RrmaRelis) kafelis filebis
qarxanam daiwyo. 1955 w. Tbilisis sabur-
Talos aguris qarxnis bazaze (saburTa-
los saSen masalaTa kombinati) Seiqmna
faifuris keramikuli saamqro da a. S.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sawarmoo kera-
mikaze saubrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia is
uaryofiTi mxareebi, rac warmoebas uka-
vSirdeba. sawarmos CarCoebi da masiuri
warmoeba, mxatvris Tavisufal Semoqme-
debas garkveul siZneleebs uqmnida, uye-
nebda Sesabamis moTxovnebs (warmoebuli
nimuSi unda iyos praqtikuli, gaTvlili
momxmarebelTa farTo masebis gemovne-
baze, dasamzadeblad martivi, sawarmoeb-
lad rac SeiZleba iafi da a. S.). amasTana-
ve, axladdaarsebul adgilobriv kombi-
natebSi mxatvrebs bevri sxva sirTulis
gadalaxvac uxdebodaT. maT Soris war-
moebasTan dakavSirebuli teqnologiu-
ri problemebisac8. Tumca, im dros (1930-
40-iani wlebi), rodesac saqarTveloSi
ar arsebobda sawarmoo baza, sadac mxat-
vars sakuTari nimuSis eskizis masaliT
Sesrulebis saSualeba miecemoda, am ti-
7
kombinati sanitarul-teqnikuri nawarmis
gamosaSvebad iyo daproeqtebuli, xolo
saWurWle nawarmis damzadeba am proeqtiT
gaTvaliswinebuli ar yofila. Tbilisis
keramikul kombinatSi naxevarfaifuris
WurWlis gamoSveba 1954 wlidan daiwyes. m.
xananaSvili, faifuri, Tb., 1960, gv.86.
8
aRniSnulis Sesaxeb ixsenebs keramikosi ra-
isa ekalaZe: `akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg,
(1958 w.) saburTalos saSen masalaTa kombi-
natSi xuTi weli vimuSave, faifuris masaliT
vakeTebdi nakeTobebs. vfiqrob rom, war-
moeba damRupvelia Semoqmedi mxatvrisTvis.
maSin miT umetes, rodesac ar gvyavda Sems-
rulebeli ostatebi, yvela vinc kombinatSi
vmuSaobdiT samxatvro akademia damTavre-
buli profesionali mxatvrebi viyaviT. ami-
tom CvenTvis Zneli iyo seriul nimuSebze
muSaoba.~ interviu mxatvar-keramikos raisa
ekalaZesTan, 2015 w., xelnaweris uflebiT.
134
pis sawarmoo kombinatebi da maTTan ar-
sebuli mxatvruli saxelosnoebis daar-
seba marTlac mniSvnelovani movlena
iyo. akademiis kursdamTavrebuli pro-
fesionali mxatvrebi aqtiurad dasaqmd-
nen zemoT xsenebul sawarmoebSi.
Tbilisis saSen masalaTa kombinati sa-
qarTveloSi im dros arsebuli kombi-
natebidan, SedarebiT mcire masStabis
sawarmos warmoadgenda, romlis produ-
qciaSic utilitarul nawarmTan erTad,
mniSvnelovani adgili mxatvrul-deko-
ratiuli daniSnulebis nimuSebs ekava.
igi erT-erT cnobil sawarmod iTvlebo-
da da misi warmatebebi araerTxel aRin-
iSna imdroindeli presis furclebze,
rac udavod, profesionali mxatvrebis
masiuri produqciis nawarmisadmi Semo-
qmedebiTma midgomam ganapiroba.
dReisaTvis, axlo warsulSi arsebuli
kombinatis Sesaxeb informaciis Segro-
veba arc Tu ioli saqme aRmoCnda. viTa-
rebas arTulebs daxuruli kombinatis
dakarguli saarqivo masalebi, warmoe-
buli nimuSebis gabneuli etalonebi
da rTulad mosaZiebeli realizebuli
produqcia9.
rogorc aRvniSneT, 1955 wels, teqno-
log varlam CargeiSvilisa da mxatvar
grigol lomiZis iniciativiT, moxda
saburTalos mSrali wnexvis aguris
qarxnis keramikuli saamqros rekonstu-
qcia. xolo, 1956-58 wlebSi is kidev 549
kvadratuli metriT gafarTovda. gaixs-
na axali samxatvro, mosaWiqurebeli,
9
Tbilisis saSen masalaTa kombinatTan 1970-
iani wlebis bolos aSenda 400 kvadratuli
metri farTis sagamofeno darbazi. Senobis
pirvel sarTulze ganTavsebuli iyo maRa-
zia, sadac kombinatSi damzadebuli nawarmi
iyideboda, meore sarTulze ki gamofenili
iyo ramdenime mxatvrisa da dizaineris 600
unikaluri namuSevari. 1990-ian wlebSi kom-
binatis araswori privatizaciis gamo, saga-
mofeno darbazi upatronod da umoqmedoT
darCa. gaZarcvuli Senobidan gaifanta da
daikarga bevri namuSevaric. m. abaSiZis arqi-
vidan, xelnaweris uflebiT.
fotokeramikuli, sagamomwvo da damxa-
risxebeli saamqro, mza nawarmis sawyobi,
aSenda maRali mwarmoeblobis Rumeli10.
am dros kombinatSi samuSaod miiwvies
samxatvro akademiis axalkusdamTavre-
buli keramikosi mxatvrebi levan yifi-
ani, dimitri kobiaSvili, medea CixlaZe,
raisa ekalaZe da sxvebi. maT Soris iyo
mxatvari murTaz abaSiZec, romelic
1961 wlidan amave sawarmos mTavari
mxatvari gaxda da misi arsebobis bolo
wlebamde iq imuSava.
kombinatSi misuli mxatvari aqtiurad
CaerTo sawarmos saqmianobaSi. 1950-iani
wlebis bolos igi ukve araerTi etalo-
nis avtoria11. mxatvris pirveli namu-
Sevrebi, warmoebuli produqciis Se-
sabamisad, ZiriTadad faifurisa da na-
xevarfaifuris masaliT Sesrulebuli
nimuSebia. esaa masiuri warmoebisaTvis
gaTvlili, martivi formis suvenirebi,
sayvavile larnakebi, doqebi, kaTxebi da
sxva yofiTi Tu dekoratiuli daniSnu-
lebis nakeTobebi. xSirad mxatvari war-
moebaSi danergil erT nimuSs gansxvave-
buli dekoriT amkobs da erTgvarovan
formas naxatiT amravalferovnebs. ma-
galiTad gamodgeba faifuris masaliT
Sesrulebuli sura, romelsac sxva-
dasxva ornamentis Sesabamisad, mxatvari
gansxvavebuli saxelebiT `asaTaurebs~ _
`CuqurTma~, `gedi~, `sufruli~, mercxa-
li~ (1958w.). mxatvari, axali teqnolo-
giuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT, cdilobs
daZlios is xarvezebi, rac, mxatvruli
TvalsazrisiT, arasasurveli Sedegis
momtania. pirvel rigSi es exeboda fai-
furis warmoebisTvis gamoyebenul da-
balxarisxovan nedleuls, romlidanac
10
g. gvaZabia, fiqrebi TixaSi iZerweba, gaz.
`Tbilisi~, 1959, 22 aprili, gv. 3.
11
am periodSi iwarmoeboda daaxloebiT
50 dasaxelebis, ZiriTadad utilitaruli
daniSnulebis faifuris nakeToba. e. Savgu-
liZe, warmoeba da mxatvrebi, `sabWoTa xe-
lovneba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 75.

mZime, monacrisfro, moyviTalo kecis
nakeTobebi mzaddeboda (faifuris mTa-
vari saxasiaTo niSani ki kecis gamWvir-
valoba, simsubuqe da siTeTrea)12. Sesa-
bamisad, teqnologiuri siaxleebidan
erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli sawar-
moSi Savi moelvare moWiqvisa (1963 wli-
dan)13 da yavisferi mqrqali WiquriT
sada moWiqvis danergva aRmoCnda. Savma
da yavisferma ferma garkveulwilad,
dafara kecis teqnologiuri xarveze-
bi da axali uCveulo mxatvruli saxe da
faqtura SesZina nakeTobebs. Savad mo-
WiqurebisaTvis gamoyenebuli iyo ad-
gilobrivi nedleuli _ andeziti. ni-
muSebi mTlianad ifareboda WiqurebiT,
zog SemTxvevebSi imkoboda Wiqurzeda
saRebavebiTa da oqros varayiT. kera-
mikos murTaz abaSiZis SemoqmedebaSic
gvxvdeba aRniSnuli teqnologiiT Ses-
rulebuli nakeTobebi, maT Soris orma
namuSevarma, liqioris servizebma _
`TinaTini~ da `narnari~, sayovelTao mo-
woneba daimsaxura, miniWebuli hqonda
xarisxis niSani da wlebis ganmavlobaSi
warmatebiT iyideboda sazRvargareT
gamarTul mxatvrul gamofenebze14. faq-
turis siucxoviTa da kecis simsubuqiT
12
`faifuris masaliT bevr mxatvars gvin-
doda muSaoba, vswavlobdiT kidec. maSin
akademiidan yofili sabWoTa kavSiris fai-
furis did sawarmoebSi, ramdenime TviT,
specialurad gvagzavnidnen saswavlo pra-
qtikebze, magram saqarTveloSi ar gvqonda
masaliT muSaobis saSualeba. Cven sawar-
moebSi imdenad dabalxarisxovani moyviTa-
lo, moyavisfro, sqeli kecis nimuSebi mzad-
deboda, mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT ar iyo
momgebiani, ver iZleoda sasurvel Sedegs.~
interviu mxatvar-keramikos romuald cu-
xiSvilTan, 2015 w., xelnaweris uflebiT.
13
es teqnologia SemuSavda kvleviTi sawar-
moo gaerTianebis institutis mier da pir-
velad dainerga Tbilisis saSen masalaTa
kombinatis faifuris saamqroSi. e. Savgu-
liZe, warmoeba da mxatvrebi, `sabWoTa xe-
lovneba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 76.
14
iqve, gv. 76.
135
gamorCeulia mqrqali yavisferi Wiqu-
riT dafaruli naxevarfaifuris nimu-
Sebic _ suvenirebi: `baduri~ (1962w.),
`luka~ (1960-iani wlebi) da sxv.
aseve, teqnologiur siaxles warmoad-
genda kecze spilenZis mavTulis ga-
moyenebiT miRebuli dekoratiuli ga-
mosaxulebebic, aseTebia: saxile lar-
naki `amerika~, dekoratiuli larnakebi
`gio~, `lia~ da sxvebi. formis uCveulo
xasiaTiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs kera-
mikosis dekoratiuli larnaki ,,orTa-
va~ (sur. 1). did-patara ori samkuTxe-
dis formis larnaki acdenili kuTxiTaa
erTmaneTze mimagrebuli. samkuTxedi
formis xazobrioba gawonasworebulia
larnakebis odnav gamoberili, mrgvali
formebiT. nakeTobis ZiriTadi nawili
TeTri ferisaa, moWiquli, yelis nawi-
li da tuCi _ mwvane. TeTr fonze spi-
lenZis mavTulis teqnologiis gamoye-
nebiT Seqmnilia dekoratiuli abstra-
qtuli ornamenti, romelic organulad
esadageba nimuSis formas da mxtvruli
TvalsazrisiT, esTetikur mimzidvelo-
bas matebs nakeTobas.
faifurisa da naxevarfaifuris nakeTo-
bebi mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi arc Tu mci-
re raodenobiTaa warmodgenili. gvxv-
deba 1960-ian_70-ian wlebSic (doqebi:
`avaza~ (1964w.), `winandali~ (1967w.), `me-
texi~ (1966w.), `broweuli~ (1971w.), wylis
sasmisi `uwera~ (1970w.), Rvinisa da konia-
kis boTlebi `iberia~, `mxedari~, `lxini~
(1970 w.), Cais nakrebi `Cai~ (1975w.), `Semo-
qmedi~ (1976w.) da sxv.
rogorc dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xe-
lovnebis mkvlevari kiti maCabeli aRn-
iSnavs, `mxatvar-keramikosTa mier didi
ostatobiT, maRal mxatvrul doneze
Sesrulebuli modelebi, aseve daxvewili
teqnikiT unda sruldebodes seriuli
warmoebis pirobebSi. mxolod amgvarad
warmoiSveba harmonia maRalprofesiul
keramikul xelovnebasa da sawarmoo
136
produqcias Soris~15. faifuri ki qarTu-
li keramikuli warmoebisaTvis ucxo ma-
salas warmoadgenda (qveyanaSi ar iyo
misi warmoebis gamocdileba, sawarmoebi
muSaobdnen Semotanili nedleuliTa da
arasaTanado teqnikuri aRWurvilobiT
da a. S.) da igi ver gaxda Cveni mxatvruli
sinamdvilis organuli nawili. Sesaba-
misad, XX saukunis meore naxevarSi, erov-
nuli gamomsaxvelobiTi formisa da mxat-
vruli saxis Ziebis procesSi, keramikose-
bis umravlesoba tradiciul, mravalsau-
kunovani istoriis mqone masalas, wiTel
Tixas miubrunda. raRa Tqma unda, sawar-
moebis produqciis mxatvruli saxis gan-
viTarebisTvisac, gansxvavebul perspe-
qtivas saxavda wiTeli Tixis warmoebaSi
danergva. masala, Tavisi ganusazRvreli
mxatvruli SesaZleblobebiTa da Seda-
rebiT advilad sawarmoo teqnologiuri
sqemiT, gacilebiT did SemoqmedebiT dia-
pazons aZlevda iq momuSave mxatvrebsac.
Tbilisis saSen masalaTa kombinatSi wi-
Teli Tixis warmoeba 1961 wlidan dai-
nerga. 1962 wels aqve aSenda orsarTu-
liani keramikuli saamqro, romelsac ma-
saliT qsnis karierebi amaragebda. same-
Tuneo dazgis gverdiT, TandaTan aTvi-
sebuli iqna formis Seqmnis sxva meTo-
debic, rogoricaa Camosxma da dayali-
beba16. kombinatis produqciazec asaxva
hpova im teqnologiurma da mxatvrulma
Ziebebma, rac am periodis keramikas zo-
gadad axasiaTebda. kerZod, sawarmoSi
dainerga Sebolvis teqnika, nimuSebis
feradi da aRdgeniTi WiqurebiT Semko-
bis meTodi. garda teqnologiuri Ziebe-
bisa, sawarmos mxatvarTa SemoqmedebaSi
Taviseburi, saintereso gardasaxva hpo-
va istoriuli keramikis moxatulobamac
da saerTod, mravalferovanma, mdidar-
15
k. maCabeli, gamoyenebiTi xelovneba, kre-
buli, qarTuli sabWoTa saxviTi xelovneba,
Tb., 1973, gv. 275.
16
e. SavguliZe, warmoeba da mxatvrebi, `sa-
bWoTa xelovneba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 76.
ma kulturulma memkvidreobam (Wedu-
roba, reliefi, naqargoba da sxv.).
murTaz abaSiZis Semoqmedebis ZiriTa-
di gamomsaxvelobiTi masalac wiTeli
Tixaa, romliTac keramikosma araer-
Ti namuSevari Seasrula (sur. 2, 3). maT
Soris terakotis, feradi WiqurebiTa
da maiolikis saRebavebiT daferili:
doqebi, kaTxebi, Tasebi da sxva nimuSe-
bi (dekoratiuli doqebi: `Semodgoma~
(1970w.), `mcxeTa~ (1973w.), `naTia~ (1975w.),
`weronisi~ (1977w.), `gurjaani~ (1978w.),
sayvavile larnakebi: `sinaTle~ (1970w.),
`marine~ (1975w.), `RvTaeba~ (1978w.), saxi-
le larnaki `cisferi~ (1970w.), suveniri
`marani~ (1975w.) da sxv.) (sur. 4). misTvis
gansakuTrebiT saintereso ki SebolviT
miRebuli nakeTobebis Savi feris keci
da masTan mxatvrulad Sexamebuli `fe-
radi naxatia~. `naxati~ ki marTlac mra-
valferovania: geometriuli jvarxazo-
vani da yvavilovani motivebi, abstaq-
tuli gamosaxulebebi Tu figuratiuli
saxeebi (sur. 5, 6, 7, 8).
mxatvris mniSvnelovan namuSevrebs mie-
kuTvneba arqeologiuri, istoriuli
keramikuli nimuSebis interpretaciiT
Seqmnili suvenirebi, dekoratiuli lar-
nakebi da sxva nakeTobebi. keramikosi
didi SemoqmedebiTi ostatobiT argebs
`istorul masalas~ Tanamedrove kera-
mikul namuSevrebs (sur. 9). am tipis ni-
muSebi mxatvruli xedviTa da Sesrule-
bis maneriT Tanamedrove iers atarebs,
magram TviToeul nakeTobas sakuTari
istoriuli mexsiereba aqvs, romelTanac
asociaciurad xan muqi, Savad Sebolili
keci, xan nakawr-xazovani ornamentebis
geometriuli wyoba, xanac morbenali
irmis, cxenisa da mxedris sqematur-gra-
fikuli gamosaxulebebi gvaaxlovebs. ma-
galiTad gamodgeba momcro zomis, qoT-
nis formis suveniri mrgval Zirze (sur.
10). nakeTobas aqvs zomierad gamoberili
mucli da dabali yeli, romelic odnav
gadmoweuli momrgvalebuli piris pro-

filiT bolovdeba. nimuSis ZiriTadi
nawili dekorirebulia frizebad ganla-
gebuli geometriuli da figuruli ga-
mosaxulebebiT. or, gansxvavebuli feris
xazs Soris moqceulia, SedarebiT ganier
zolSi, TeTrad daferil fonze warmod-
genili, ritmulad ganmeorebadi cxenisa
da mxedris figurebi. naxati Sesrule-
bulia gravirebuli xaziT da moxatulia
cisferi da Rvinisferi aRdgeniTi Wiqu-
rebiT. nakeTobis piri da Sida mxarec,
aseve Rvinisferi aRdgeniTi WiquriTaa
daferili, riTac feradovan kavSirSia
gareTa mxaris ZiriTad SemkulobasTan.
amgvari gadawyvetiT kompozicia Sekru-
lia da erTgvar dasrulebul saxes iZens.
keramikosis namuSevrebze arc Tu iS-
viaTad SexvdebiT qarTuli taZrebis
reliefuri CuqurTmidan mxatvrulad
gadmoRebul saxeebs. moculobiT for-
maze morgebuli gamosaxulebebi, Semoq-
medebiTad gaazrebuli, feriT aJRere-
buli erovnuli xasiaTis keramikul de-
koradaa qceuli (dekoratiuli larnaki
`faskunji~) (sur. 11).
1960-iani wlebis keramikosTa Semoqme-
debaSi qarTuli keramikis erovnuli
xasiaTis Ziebis procesSi, saintereso
saxe miiRo Sebolil kecze ganTavsebul-
ma xevsurulma ornamentma. aRniSnuli
ornamentuli motivi marTlac orga-
nulad moergo murTaz abaSiZis kerami-
kul nakeTobebs. am tipis namuSevrebSi
gvxiblavs sworxazovani gamosaxulebe-
bis ritmi, nimuSis zedapirze maTi pro-
porciuli ganawileba da Sav fonTan
Sexamebuli, feradi Wiqurebis zomieri
gamoyeneba (suveniri `jvari~ (1960-iani
wlebi), dekoratiuli larnaki (1960-iani
wlebi), Cafi `yelsabami~ (1976 w.), larna-
ki `inguri~ (1982w.) da sxv.). aRniSnul Te-
masTan dakavSirebiT, geometriul orna-
mentTan erTad, mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi
gvxvdeba dasmuli mxatvruli amocanis
sxvagvari interpretaciebic. magali-
137
Tad, nimuSebze warmodgenilia yofiTi
scena xevsuri qal-vaJis gamosaxulebiT,
sadac xevsuruli erovnuli samosi, Ta-
visi dekoratiuli xasiaTiT, nakeTobis
ZiriTadi ornametia (sur. 12). am Temis
sruliad gansxvavebuli xedviT Seqmni-
li nimuSia dekoratiuli doqi `xevsuri
gogona~ (sur. 13). mxatvarma Savi kecis
fonze, Caketil kvadratul formasTan
miaxloebul marTkuTxed medalionSi
xevsuri gogonas pirobiT-ganzogade-
buli portretuli gamosaxuleba war-
moadgina. gamosaxuleba nimuSis ZiriTad
dekors warmoadgens, romlis `fons~
kecze gravirebiT Seqmnili sigrZivi
xazebis wyoba da comSi CakveTili da
reliefurad daZerwili kopebi qmnis.
kompozicia am SemTxvevaSic aqcentire-
buli da Sekrulia feris saSualebiT.
esaa firuzisferi Wiquris saRebavi,
romliTac `moCarCoebulia~ nimuSis de-
korirebuli nawili, xolo portretis
fonad feris gamoyenebiTa da naxatis
ganmeorebiT igi feradovani laqebis sa-
xiT, aqcentebad gadanawilebulia doqis
muclis irgvliv, sam adgilze.
rogorc aRvniSneT, sawarmos produq-
ciaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava de-
koratiuli daniSnulebis, interieris
Sesamkob nakeTobebs. 1970-ian wlebSi ke-
ramikosis SemoqmedebaSi mravladaa war-
mogdenili iatakze dasadgmeli dekora-
tiuli larnakebi, romelic faqtobri-
vad dazguri qandakebis funqcias iTav-
sebda. nimuSebis umravlesoba Sebolili
keramikaa, moxatuli feradi WiquriT
Sesrulebuli, gansxvavebuli siuJetu-
ri gamosaxulebebiT. am tipis nimuSia de-
koratiuli larnaki `cxenburTi~ (sur.
14). larnaki warmoadgens wagrZelebul
cilindrul formas, romelic Ziris-
ken odnav viwrovdeba. nakeTobis mxrebi
yels TandaTan uerTdeba. yeli Sedare-
biT viwroa da bolovdeba odnav ganie-
ri, zomierad gaSlili piriT. yelze, or
138
mopirdapire mxares, wyvili rgolebiT,
gakeTebuli aqvs saxelurebi. larnakis
tanis ZiriTadi nawili dekorirebulia.
masze gamosaxulia cxenburTis TamaSis
scena, romlis siuJeti wriulad, nimuSis
irgvliv viTardeba. aRdgeniTi WiquriT
Seqmnil xazovan-ornamentuli CarCoTi
SemosazRvruli are SigniT kidev Semo-
farglulia wiTeli saRebaviT Seqmnili
foniT. saRebavi `dadebulia~ daRarul,
reliefurad uswormasworo kecis ze-
dapirze, rac erTgvarad aneitralebs
wiTeli feris intensiur JReradobas,
masze gravirebuli, grafikuli xaziTa
da Savi feris konturiT, Seqmnilia cxe-
nebisa da mxedrebis forma, romelic Se-
vsebulia yavisferi, TeTri da Rvinisfe-
ri WiqurebiT. moqnili xaziTa da loka-
luri, mkveTri ferebis monacvleobiTi
ganlagebiT Seqmnilia plastikuri for-
ma, naxati dinamiuri da STambeWdavia.
faifuris, naxevarfaifurisa da wiTe-
li Tixas nakeTobebTan erTad, dekora-
tiuli formebis Sesaqmnelad sawarmoSi
mzaddeboda Samotis nakeTobebic17. mur-
Taz abaSiZem am masaliT araerTi dekora-
tiuli larnaki, doqi da samSvenisi Seqna.
keramikosi dekorad umetesad, masalis
uxeS faqturas iyenebs. xSirad Samotis
kecis `erTferovan~ zedapirs, mxatvari
nimuSis SigniTa mxridan mkveTri Sefe-
rilobis Wiquris feriT `avsebs~, rac
maT gansxvavebul, mimzidvel iers gana-
pirobebs.
sawarmoSi mzaddeboda dekoratiuli
daniSnulebis samSvenisebic. mxatvris
am tipis zogi namuSevari Tematurad da
Sesrulebis maneriTac aRniSnuli pe-
riodis sabWoTa qarxnebSi warmoebul
mcire zomis skulpturebs mogvagonebs
(gogona ConguriT, gogona doqiT da
17
masala faqtobrivad dekoratiul-gamo-
yenebiTi xelovnebisaTvis axali iyo, ro-
melic manamde umetesad mSeneblobaSi ga-
moiyeneboda.
sxv.). Tavisi xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT Se-
darebiT warmatebulad SeiZleba CaiT-
valos samSvenisebi: `avaza~, `mjdomare~
da `arabi qalebi~ (sur. 15).
Tbilisis saSen masalaTa kombinatma
1990-ian wlebamde ifunqcionira. sawar-
moSi muSaobis wlebSi mxatvarma 500-ze
meti nimuSi-etaloni Seqmna. misi mra-
vali namuSevari danergili iyo war-
moebaSi da warmatebiT iyideboda ad-
gilobriv bazarze. gahqondaT da didi
mowonebiT sargeblobda safrangeTSi,
poloneTSi, CexoslovakiaSi, TurqeTSi,
vietnamSi, iaponiasa da sxva qveynebSi.
XX saukunis profesiul keramikul xe-
lovnebas qarTul kulturaSi gamor-
Ceuli adgili ukavia. sawarmoo kerami-
ka ki misi erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawi-
lia, romlis Seswavlis gareSe dekora-
tiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis am dar-
gis istoria srulyofili ver iqneba. sa-
qarTvelos sxvadsxva raonSi, mocemul
periodSi, ramdenime keramikuli kombi-
nati arsebobda, maT gansxvavebuli te-
qnikuri baza da aRWurviloba hqondaT,
maragdeboda sxvadsxva nedleuliT, rac
TavisTavad aisaxa nawarmis mxatvrul xa-
risxzec. amasTanve, gansakuTrebiT didi
mniSvneloba hqonda ama Tu im sawarmoSi
momuSave keramikosi-mxatvrebis Semoq-
medebiT xedvasac. isini bevrs muSaobd-
nen produqciis mxatvruli donis asa-
maRleblad da garkveul xelweras amC-
nevdnen warmoebul produqcias.
winaswari kvlevebiT mopovebuli masa-
lis Sesabamisad, am etapze mxolod sa-
burTalos keramikuli kombinatiT da
misi mTavari mxatvris murTaz abaSiZis
Semoqmedebis mcire nawilis ganxilviT
Semovifargle. Tumca, yvela sawarmos
produqcia da masTan dakavSirebuli
mxatvar-keramikosTa Semoqmedeba saTa-
nado Seswavlas saWiroebs, rac momavli
kvlevis sagania.
 139

Sophio Chitorelidze
George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation

Industrial Ceramic Works of the Painter Murtaz Abashidze

The present paper discusses ceramic produce of the Tbilisi enterprise of construction materials on the
example of the painter Murtaz Abashidze. As known, in 1940-50s ceramic enterprises of a relatively large
capacity started functioning in Georgia designating specific sections to production of artistic and design
samples. In 1955 a workshop of ceramic porcelain was launched at the Tbilisi Brick Factory in the Saburta-
lo district (Saburtalo group of enterprises of construction materials). The following year a group of artists
and graduates of the Tbilisi State Academy of Art was invited to work there as painters. Ceramist Murtaz
Abashidze, who was among them, worked at the workshop since 1961 in the position of a chief painter.
Being actively involved in the activities of the enterprise from the very first day, he stayed there until the
workshop seized its existence. By the end of 1950s Abashidze had produced numerous prototypes. The
first works of the ceramist (manufactured products) were mainly made of the porcelain and semi-por-
celain materials. These were simple form souvenirs that were designed for mass production: the flower
vases, glasses, goblets and other everyday or decorative items. For production of artistic forms the painter
addressed many technological novelties, such as creation of decorations on the crocks by the use of a cop-
per wire, simple-glazing by black and brown pale glazes etc. Articles of porcelain and semi-porcelain were
mainly made in 1960-1970. However the main expressive material of M. Abashidze became red clay. The
significant works of the ceramist include souvenirs made in red clay, interpretations of archaeological and
historic ceramic specimens, decorative vases etc. His works often bear the images which are artistically
copied from the wall relief ornaments of Georgian churches, geometric motifs with crosses of Khevsurian
fabrics and figures clad in national dresses. The works that were created in 1970s unite multiple deco-
rative sculptural vases where smoky crocks are adorned by topical figures executed in colored glaze. For
creation of decorative forms the artist used material chamotte. He applied it in numerous vases, jugs and
ornaments/decorations. Tbilisi enterprise of construction materials stopped functioning in 1990s. While
at the enterprise the artist created more than 500 samples and etalons. Many of the works were produced
by the enterprise and successfully sold on local as well as foreign markets.
140

1. dekoratiuli larnaki `orTava~, faiansi, 1960-iani ww., kerZo koleqcia

Decorative vase “Double-headed”, glazed crockery, 1960s, private collection

2. dekoratiuli larnaki, Tixa, feradi 3. tolCa, Tixa, feradi Wiqurebi, 1975,

Wiqurebi, 1979, sem, erovnuli galerea sem, erovnuli galerea
Decorative vase, clay, colored glazes, 1979, GNM, Jug, clay, colored glazes, 1975, GNM, National
National Gallery Gallery
 141

4. xilis larnaki, Wiqurqveda feradi saRebavebi, gamWvirvale

Wiquri, 1976, sem, erovnuli galerea
Fruit bowl, painted earthenware, covered with glaze, 1976, GNM,
National Gallery

5. dekoratiuli larnaki, Tixa Sebolili, fera- 6. Tasi, Tixa Sebolili, aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi,
di da aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi, kerZo koleqcia 1977, sem, erovnuli galerea
Decorative vase, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware Cup, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired in
fired in reducing kiln, colored glazes, private collection reducing kiln, 1977, GNM, National Gallery
142

7. larnaki, Tixa Sebolili, feradi da aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi,

1970-iani ww., kerZo koleqcia
Vase, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired in reducing kiln, 1970s,
private collection

8. doqi, Tixa Sebolili, aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi, 9. suveniri, Tixa Sebolili, aRdgeniTi

1977, sem, erovnuli galerea Wiqurebi, 1960-iani ww., kerZo koleqcia
Jug, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired in Souvenir, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired
reducing kiln, 1977, GNM, National Gallery in reducing kiln, 1960s, private collection
 143

10. suveniri, Tixa Sebolili, aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi, 1960-iani wlebi, ker-

Zo koleqcia
Souvenir, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired in reducing kiln, 1960s,
private collection

11. dekoratiuli larnaki `faskunji~, 12. dekoratiuli WurWeli, Tixa, minanqari,

Sebolili Tixa, aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi,
1960-iani ww., kerZo koleqcia
Decorative vase “Firebird”, smoke-stained and glazed
earthenware fired in reducing kiln, 1960s, private
collection
aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi, 1970, sem, erovnuli galerea
Decorative vessels, glazed earthenware in enamel colors,
fired in reducing kiln, 1970, GNM, National Gallery
144

13. doqi, Tixa Sebolili, aRdgeniTi 14. dekoratiuli larnaki `cxenburTi~,

Wiqurebi, kerZo koleqcia Tixa Sebolili, feradi da aRdgeniTi Wiqurebi,
Jug, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware fired 1970-iani ww, sem, erovnuli galerea
in reducing kiln, private collection Decorative vase “Polo”, smoke-stained and glazed earthenware
fired in reducing kiln, 1970s, GNM, National Gallery

15. `arabi qalebi~, faiansi, Wiqurqveda da Wiqurzeda

saRebavebi, kerZo koleqcia
“Arab Women”, glazed crockery, colored, private collection
 145

Temur qanTaria-jabadari
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

winamZRoli da xalxi
(qristianis da komunistis xedva)

1917 wels ruseTSi, revoluciis gziT, saxelmwifos saTaveSi Caudga bolSevikebis

partia v. leninis xelmZRvanelobiT, romlis politika da zogadad msoflxedve-
loba agebuli iyo marqsisa da engelsis komunistur Teoriaze. ruseTis samxedro
eqspansiis gziT, msoflios erT meeqvseds da maT Soris saqarTvelosac am ideo-
logiis praqtikuli nawilis sakuTar Tavze gamocda mouwia.
am Teorias sakacobrio problemaTa samudamod gadawyvetis ambicia hqonda da mas-
Si xelovnebisTvisac moinaxa adgili. ukiduresma materializmma da praqtikaSi
totalitarul sistemad qceulma saxelmwifom xelovnebis funqcia politikur
ideaTa masebisaTvis agitacia-propagandiT gansazRvra, es ki saSualebas gvaZle-
vs, xelovnebisve saSualebiT, ukeT da Rrmad gavigoT am ideologiis raobrivi sa-
kiTxebi, misi yvela niuansis gaTvaliswinebiT.
saboloo jamSi, komunizmi sxva araferi gamodga, Tu ara instrumenti Zalaufle-
bis mopovebisTvis, xolo Semdeg misi gamtkicebisTvis. bolSevik-komunistebs sZu-
ldaT yvela vinc mcireodeni damoukideblobiTac ki gamoirCeoda, maT inteleq-
tualur da materialur safrTxed aRiqvamdnen, faqtobrivad aseTad gamocxadda
sazogadoebrivi e. w. „Zveli wyobis“ umravlesi elementi („gadmonaSTebi“). pirvel
rigSi es SeexoT maT, visac materialuri kapitali hqondaT _ mesakuTreebs, bur-
Juazias, kapitalistebs, kulakebs da sxva... maT mohyva saxelmwifo _ biurokratTa
da politikosTa saxiT, da maT „damqaSad aRqmuli“ kultura da religia.
da, ai mivadeqiT mTavars _ komunizmisa da religiis konfliqts, romlis Taobazec
oriod sityviT Cem dakvirvebas mogaxsenebT.
marqsizmisTvis fuZemdeblur „komunistur manifestSi“ sityva religia Semdeg
konteqstSi Cans: „is braldebani komunizmis winaaRmdeg, rac wamoyenebulia re-
ligiuri, filosofiuri da saerTod ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT, ufro dawvri-
lebiTi ganxilvis Rirsni ar arian“1. TiTqos religia materialisturi TeoriiT,
imdenad araraobad, imdenad naTlad uaryofiT, mxilebul, diskreditirebul
moZRvrebad miiCnies, rom masze saubaric ki daenanaT. Tumca marqss manamde eTqva
„hegelianuri filosofiis sakuTrebis kritikaSi“ – „religia xalxis opiumia~- o.
bolSevik-komunistebis xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvlis Semdeg religiis kriti-
kas gacilebiT didi adgili da yuradReba daeTmo. masTan brZola Zaladobrivi
gzebis garda, rac taZrebis daxurvas, dangrevasa da morwmuneTa mimarT repre-
siebs moicavda, propagandis gziT, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargebs daevalaT, gan-
sakuTrebiT iseT dargebs, romlebsac xalxTa masebze meti wvdoma hqonda. aseTe-
bia kino, plakati da monumenturi qandakeba.

1
k. marqsi, f. engelsi, komunisturi partiis manifesti (1848 w), Tb., 1954, gv. 63.
146
gavixsenoT mag., antireligiuri ganwyo-
bis matarebeli filmebi am drois sa-
bWoTa kinodan: eklesias dascinian i.
protazanovis filmSi „wminda iorgenis
dRe“ (`Праздник святого Иоргена~, 1918 w.,
gaxmovanebulia 1930 wels), romelSic
gaqilikebulia da mxilebulia ekle-
sia, rogorc organizebuli aferiz-
mis sistema, farsi; a. panteleevis an-
tireligiuri satiraa „mama serafime“
(Отец Серафим, 1922w.)2; antireligiur
ganwyobilebebs komunisturi xeli-
suflebis mxridan gadmoscems Ziga ver-
tovis animacia: „sabWoTa saTamaSoebi“
(„Советские игрушки“,1924w.) (sur. 1) _
eklesia (samRvdeloeba) aq moxseniebu-
lia epiTetiT „mkvdari“, naCvenebia ro-
gorc qristianuli religiis da kapita-
listTa msaxuri; missave dokumentur
filmSi „msoflios meeqvsedi nawili“
(„Шестая часть мира“,1926w.) _ is zoga-
dad negatiurad gaSuqebul warsulSi
eqceva, SamanizmTan, jadoqrobasTan,
ritualur msxverplSewirvasTan, is-
lamTan da budizmTan erTad, rogorc
crurwmenebis damnergavi; eklesias Ta-
viseburad exeba s. eizenSteini filmSi
„oqtomberi“(„Октябрь“,1927w.) is Cndeba
jer rogorc mefis ruseTis simboluri
„zurgi“ (kadri: aleqsandre III-is Zeg-
lis fonad moskovis macxovris taZa-
ria), mere rogorc droebiTi mTavrobis
makurTxebeli; momdevno namuSevarSi
„Zveli da axali“ an `generaluri xazi“
(„Старое и Новое“ an `Генеральная линия~,
1929w.) eizenSteini qristianebs utvino
Txebs adarebs da aseTnairad, pirdapir
dascinis maT. saqarTveloSi, am mxriv,
Semdegi suraTia: ruseTidan Camosuli
reJisoris i. perestianis filmSi „arse-
na jorjiaSvili“ (general griaznovis
mkvleloba) (1921w.) _ muSaTa gamcemi,
2
JorJ saduli, Всеобщая история кино, t. IV, gv.
245.
„iuda“ _ qristiani morwmunea, rasac
misi eklesiis win pirjvris gadawera mo-
wmobs; i. perestianis filmSi „wiTeli
eSmakunebi“ („Красные дьяволята“, 1923w.)
maxnos kriminalur jgufs mRvdeli mas-
pinZlobs (sur. 2); zaqaria beriSvilis
filmSi „sakani № 79“ (1929 w.) scenaSi
sasamarTlos dawyebis win mJRavndeba
araerTgvarovani ganwyoba qristianu-
li eklesiis mimarT (sur. 3); mixeil ka-
latoziSvilis filmSi „jim SvanTe“
(marili svaneTs, 1930w.) qristianuli
eklesia warmarTuli crurwmenis simb-
oloa, xalxis mier Sewiruli fuli mis
momxveWelobasac amxels (sur. 4); saqar-
TveloSi yvelaze antireligiur fil-
mad albaT m. Wiaurelis „xabarda“ (ganze
gadeq! 1931w.) SegviZlia miviCnioT. masSi
eklesiis misamarTiT pirdapir aris ga-
moxatuli Seuracyofa, filmis ganmav-
lobaSi ki taZris ngreva mimdinareobs
(sur. 5); mogvianebiT, isev WiaurelTan,
„arsena“-Si (1937 w.) rusuli imperializ-
mis samsaxurSi mdgomi eklesia, wamlavs
gmir arsenas da Ralatobs ers (sur. 6).
plastikidan, uamravTagan erTi, sakma-
risad naTeli nimuSia saqarTvelos is-
toriul dedaqalaqSi, mcxeTis jvarTan
e. i. uZvelesi siwmindis siaxloves dad-
gmuli, moqandake i. Sadris leninis mo-
numenti (1927 w.)3 (sur. 7).
(rad gamocxadda religia?) religiis
kritikisas komunisturi sistema, Tavad
bolSevikebi xelovnebaSic da zogadad-
ac Semdegi gamomuSavebuli kliSeebiT
xelmZRvanelobdnen: eklesia warsulSi
saxelmwifos, imave feodalebis, aris-
tokratebis samsaxurSi mdgomi dawese-
buleba iyo, Raribi xalxis ukeT samar-
Tavad mogonili; religia Tanasworobis
da demokratiis sawinaaRmdegod _ jer
monaTmflobelobis, Semdeg feodaliz-
mis, ierarqiis samsaxurSi dgas, raTa
3
iqve, gv. 252.

imave feodalTa qmedebebi gaamarTlos;
religia „tradiciis“, cru Rirebule-
bebis saxeliT, progresis mowinaaRm-
dege da Semaferxebelia; religia ada-
mians realobas wyvets, da, Sesabamisad,
fizikurad uunaros da usaqmurs xdis;
metafizika, miRmiuri samyaros arsebo-
ba, rasac qristianoba qadagebs, sinamd-
vileSi faruli nekrofiliaa. saqarTve-
loSi amas daerTo eklesiis imperialis-
turi mefis ruseTis samsaxurSi Cadgo-
ma. es CamonaTvali sxvadasxva konteqst-
Si da sxvadsxva dros sxvadasxvagvarad
interpretirdeboda, Tumca Zireulad
ar Secvlila.
(rad miiCnevda Tavs komunizmi?) bol-
Sevik-komunistebs, maTi batonobis man-
Zilze gamoumuSavdaT erTi Tviseba, is-
ini sakuTar srulyofilebas sxvis na-
klze miTiTebiT warmoCendnen. amitom
yovelTvis, da maT Soris eklesiis kri-
tikis drosac, momdevno sityva, scena,
taqti, taepi Tu sxva... komunizmis dade-
biT mxareebze miTiTebas eTmoboda.
maT aqac hqondaT sakuTari, religiis
Sesaxeb arsebuli kliSeebis sapirisp-
iro, Tumca aseve martivi kliSeebi, wi-
nas kontrastuli: komunizmi yovelTvis
progresul, siaxlisaken mswraf, ener-
giul, saxalxo, demokratiul, Tanaswor,
yovelgvari winaswari ganwyobebisagan
da crurwmenebisagan Tavisufal, mec-
nierul, yovelTvis marTal, realis-
tur, racionalur da qmediTunarian Za-
lad warmogviCenda sakuTar Tavs.
magram iyo Tu ara ase? — vsvam ormag
kiTxvas: iyo Tu ara eklesia iseTi, ro-
goradac is komunist-bolSevikebma da-
gvanaxes da iyo Tu ara komunizmi da iy-
vnen Tu ara Tavad bolSevikebi iseTebi,
rogoradac Tavi mohqondaT? xelovne-
baTmcodneobam pasuxi kvlav istoriu-
li, statistikuri da sxva monacemebis
saSualebiT ki ar unda eZios, aramed sa-
147
xviTi xelovnebis nimuSebis daxmarebiT.
unda gaverkveT Tu ras amboben isini
amis Taobaze.
aviRoT komunizmisa da qristianobisaT-
vis uaRresad mniSvnelovani _ ierar-
qia-demokratiisa da xalxisa da pirovne-
bis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi. swred
am Temis sailustraciod SevarCie erTi
mxriv, qristianobaSi arsebuli saxviTi
modeli, kerZod, „uflis serobis“ xate-
bani da, meore mxriv, bolSevikuri epo-
qis aRiarebuli da cnobili qmnileba.
daviwyoT pirveliT.
Tu gavixsenebT saero Tu sakulto si-
vrceebSi am Temaze Seqmnil freskebs,
xatebs, dawyebuli dasavluri, Tugind
leonardo da vinCis „uflis serobiT“
(„Ultima Cena“ _ 460 × 880 sm, milani)
(sur. 8), damTavrebuli aRmosavleT-
qristianuli gamosaxulebebiT, Tundac
daviTgarejas udabnos monastris ked-
lebze gamosaxuli `uflis serobiT~
(sur. 9), umravlesad yvelgan erT saTq-
melsa da Sesabamis sqemas aRmovaCenT.
aviRoT da vinCis namuSevarSi macxova-
ri Tavis 12 mociqulTan erTad iyofs
trapezs; kompozicia „standartuli“
sqemisaa: frizulad, horizontalze
gaSlili gamosaxuleba, centrSi magida
da mis ukan, Cvensken saxiT msxdomi mo-
ciqulni da macxovari. sufra Tanab-
rad ekuTvnis mis wevrebs _ vizualu-
rad mociqulni da macxovari Tanabari
zomisa da simaRlis arian. ierarqiuli
sxvaoba macxovarsa da mis mowafeebs
Soris leonardosTan gamJRavnebu-
lia qristes figuris kompoziciur da
perspeqtiul centrSi ganTavsebiT, Se-
sabamisad, mis irgvliv interieris gan-
lagebiT (mag., macxovris ukan gaWrili
sarkmlebi, yvela xazi masTan midis da
sxv...) da macxovris figuris myar kom-
poziciur-geometriul formaSi (sam-
kuTxedSi) moqceviT. sufra Cveni mxri-
dan gaxsnilia, meti TxrobiTobisa da
148
reprezentaciulobisaTvis, amave dros,
renesansisaTvis saxasiaTo humanisturi
midgomis niSnad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
gaxsniloba Cvenc gvaaxlovebs da mozia-
res (sufris Tanamonawileebs) gvxdis aq
aRsrulebuli saidumlosi.
garejSi ierarqiuli sxvaoba kidev
ufro minimumamde dadis, gamosaxuleba-
Si gazrdilia pirobiToba _ neitralu-
ri foni, konturiT Sekruli pirobiTi
forma, ayiravebuli perspeqtiva. macxo-
vris gazrdili figura sufris kidisken
inacvlebs, mociqulTa jgufisgan gamo-
yofili, didi wriuli jvrovani Saravan-
diT Tavze, magram is dominacias uTmobs
Soreulad ovalis an wris motivis mqo-
ne (kuTxeebSi momrgvalebuli) amoyi-
revebul pirobiT sufras, rac ZiriTad
yuradRebas momarTavs sufraze da mis
zeda mxares Camomwkrivebul macxovarsa
da mociqulTa frizul jaWvze. sxva dan-
arCeniT xateba struqturulad mihyveba
serobis tradiciul Txrobas: Cvensken
gaxsnili sufra, met-naklebi ierarqiu-
li Tanasworoba da sxva...
bibliaSi es is Tavia, sadac macxovari
RvTaebriv evqaristias aRasrulebs, ev-
qaristias anu samadlobels, romelic
kacobriobas umsxverplo ritualis sa-
xiT mogveca. es Tavi sxva ramiTac aris
CvenTvis saintereso.
amgvari gamosaxulebis SeqmnisaTvis wi-
napiroba, Sesabamisi ideaa is fraza, ro-
melic macxovarma warmoTqva am sufra-
ze: „Tqvens Soris ufrosi umcrosiviT
iyos, xolo vinc ufrosobs _ msaxuri-
viT“4.
amdenad, igi aq Tavis mowafeebs, sxva
yvelaferTan erTad, esaubra morCile-
bis, msaxurebis, Tavkacobis _ ierarqiis
qristianul wesze, romlic uzogadesad
4
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Sadri,
1986, №10. gv. 669; aseve В. М. Зименко, Образ
великого Ленина в произведениях советского изобра­
зительного искусства, М., 1962, gv. 21.
gamoixata formulT: yvelaze maRali
yvelaze mdablis msaxuria. e. i. is mra-
valSriani ierarqia, Turme, pasuxism-
geblobis xarisxTa ganawileba yofila,
sadac vertikali, sinamdvileSi erTma-
neTze urTierTdamokidebul element-
Ta organizebuli uwyveti erTobaa, ise-
Tive rogorc wrebrunva.
am yvelafris Semdeg cota ucnauria,
ratom gamoiyvanes qristianoba uTa-
nasworobis, klasTa mtrobisa da Cag-
vris religiad?
da isic gasarkvevia, ra SemogvTavazes
sanacvlod?
amaSi gasarkvevad saukeTesod meCvene-
ba rusuli oficiozis mier imTaviTve
aRiarebuli, da Semdgomac damkvid-
rebul,5 pirveli leninis ordenosa-
ni mxatvris6 isaak brodskis daxatuli
suraTis „lenini smolniSi“ («Ленин в
Смольном»,7 1930w.) (sur. 10) misi Sedare-
ba „uflis serobasTan“, Tundac zemoT
moxseniebul da vinCisTan.
ratom?
sinamdvileSi maT bevri ram aaxlovebs
erTmaneTTan: orive kacobriobis mxs-
nelze gviyveba, orive SemTxvevaSi me-
siasTan gvaqvs saqme, kacobriobis gan-
viTarebis axali etapis avangardSi rom
idga, saxviTi TvalsazrisiT, orive Se-
darebiT mWidrod aris Casmuli gark-
veul sasuraTe sivrceSi, frizuli-ho-
rizontaluri kompoziciuri wyobiT,
orivesTan magida-sufraa da Sesabamisi
ideis prezentireba maTTvis SedarebiT
mSvid da ukonfliqto garemoSi xde-
5
lukas saxareba, Tavi 22-26. ix. veb.: http://
www.orthodoxy.ge/tserili/gadasatseri/akhali/luka/
luka-22.htm
6
В. М. Зименко, Образ великого Ленина, М., 1962, gv.
16-18-20.
7
„is gaxda pirveli mxatvari mTel ssrk-Si,
romelsac gadaeca leninis ordeni. „Власти-
тель муз…“ _ https://little-histories.org/2014/10/23/
stalin_poster/#prettyPhoto

ba. aq mTavrdeba msgavsebebi da iwyeba
sxvaobebi.
beladis portretis xatva brodskim
leninis gardacvalebamde gacilebiT
adre daiwyo8.
lenini zis oTaxSi, romelSic misi bol-
Sevikuri fraqciis Stabi iyo mowyobi-
li (smolnis sasaxle sankt-peterbur-
gSi), iq sadac muSebTan, samxedroebTan
erTad momzadda 1917 wlis oqtombris
revolucia9. pirveli, rac TvalSi gvxv-
deba, isaa, rom macxovrisagan gansxvave-
biT, is absoluturad martoa. mis simar-
toves gavigebdi, magram am martokacis
samuSao mrgvali magidis garSemo mxat-
vari did cariel sivrces tovebs: ada-
mianTaTvis savarZels, divans da skams
dgams, _ sul 6 dasajdomi adgilia. sa-
Sineli, lamis nekrofiluri sicivis yu-
rebisas usiamovno grZnoba gvipyrobs
_ sagnebi, romlebic amzadebs adgils
sicocxlisaTvis, ar aris am sicocxliT
Sevsebuli, amitom Cndeba naklebobis,
sicarielisa da usicocxlobis gancda;
am efeqts aZlierebs mxatvris mier Ser-
Ceuli civi koloriti da zedmiwevniT
realisturad gamowerili faqturebi.
leninic Zalian ucnauria _ is raRacas
TavisTvis fiqrobs da wers, faqtobri-
vad zurgiT, saxis profiliT Cvensken.
8
http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/ru/collection/_show/
image/_id/331
9
Seqmnis istoria: „ukve 1921 wels mxatvars
eZleva nebarTva naturidan xatos iliCi. is
kominternis II kongresis oficialuri qroni-
kiori xdeba... isaak izrailis Ze am unikalur
SesaZleblobas iyenebs 100%-iT, is dauRle-
lad, erTi meoreze miyolebiT xatavs sura-
Tebs iliCze: „lenini kremlis fonze“ (1923),
kominternis II kongresis sadResaswaulo ga-
xsna“ (1924), „lenini smolnis fonze“ (1925),
„leninis gamosvla putilovis qarxnis muSaTa
mitingze 1917 wlis maisSi“ (1929). magram metad
gamoirCa tilo „lenini smolniSi“, 1930 weli.“
ix. statia isaak brodskize: „Властитель муз…“ _
https://little-histories.org/2014/10/23/stalin_poster/
149
da mivdivarT daskvnamde: adamiani, ro-
melic kacobriobis TanasworobisaTvis
ibrZvis da mis ganTavisuflebas, daax-
loebasa da gaerTianebas cdilobs (in-
ternacionalis saxeliT), xalxis megoba-
ri da demokratia, misTvis yvelaze kom-
fortul, arakonfliqtur (megobrul)
garemoSi, Tavis TanamoazreTa StabSic
ki absoluturad martoa; skamebi, sadac
misi Tanamoazreni _ „mociqulni“ unda
isxdnen, daubadebeli/ardamdgari si-
cocxlis molodiniT, ardadgomiT, si-
carieleze da sikvdilze laparakoben.
kacobriobis Saravandmosili axali
mxsneli, Tundac erTi da ganumeorebe-
li, ukvdavi lenini macxovariviT ver
gviyofs trapezs, piriqiT, zurgs gva-
qcevs, arc ki gvimCnevs; Tumca ras gag-
viyofs, erTaderTi, rac aqvs CvenTvis
mosacemi, misi nawerebia, bloknotebad
da gazeTebad magidaze romaa mimofan-
tuli. am dros, Zalauneburad ityvi,
rom im „metafizikuri“ macxovris suf-
ra gacilebiT vitaluria, radgan masze
miwieri sakvebisTvisac moinaxa blo-
mad adgili. leninis xelSi moTavsebul
bloknotSi Tu ra iwereba, CvenTvis ab-
soluturad damalulia, gaurkvevelia,
ras wers Cvensken lamis zurgiT mot-
rialebuli da sakuTar TavSi Cabrune-
buli xalxTa mxsneli: misgan ganapire-
buli kacobriobis momavali ganviTa-
rebis gegmaze muSaobs Tu sulac saku-
Tar dRiurs avsebs; faqtobrivad, Cven
masTan ver mivdivarT, ver vuerTdebiT,
ver vgebulobT vin aris is, mxsneli Tu
mteri, radgan amis saSualeba Tavad ar
mogvca. magram misi gansakuTrebuloba
saTuo ar xdeba, radgan is erTaderTi
cocxali arsebaa am suraTze; ironiu-
lia, magram miukarebloba da martooba
aris kidec misi gamorCeuloba. Tu ve-
cdebiT teqstad vTqvaT, rasac suraTi
gviyveba, gamova: am viTarebaSi Cven verc
150

mivuaxlovdebiT mas, verc gavugebT mas da verc miviRebT misgan rames, is unda
viwamoT, davemorCiloT da gavyveT.
es ara Tu demokratiuli, aramed piriqiT, antidemokratiulia, metic, is iRebs
Zvel models (serobisa) da mas amoyirevenbuli SinaarsiT gviCvenebs.
daskvna aseTi Tu iqneba: komunizmi racionalizmis saxeliT qadagebda monobas da
uares ierarqias da fanatizms, man amoayirava gageba erTi yvelasTvis, yvela er-
TisTvis sasargeblod.
Tumca, am suraTSi mJRavndeba is macduri Tviseba komunizmisa, romelic gviCvenebs,
rom sicariele, romelic suraTze Sevsebas saWiroebs, albaT bevrs xiblavda ki-
dec, radgan qmnida gancdas, rom beladTan SeiZleba yvela dajdes, vinc ginda
miuaxlovdes — es unda yofiliyo is erTaderTi iluzia, rac amdeni xani amarT-
lebda am reJims.

Temur Kantaria-Jabadari
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

A Leader and People (Visions of a Christian and a Communist)

The article focuses on opposition of Communist and Christian world-view models. The materials which
were used by the Bolsheviks for illustration of anti-religious feelings are taken from the cinematography.
The article analysis the major topics of conflict between these two sides and highlights differences of
the vertical and horizontal systems, the theme of hierarchy and public democracy, chiefs/leaders of Com-
munism and Christianity. It attempts to present a personal point of view of the author and evaluates ste-
reotypical statements through comparative and stylistic analyses of the selected famous art works (relig.:
“Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci and commun.: “Lenin in Smolny” by Isaak Brodsky).
 151

1. „Советские игрушки“ („sabWoTa saTamaSoebi“) 1924, reJisori Z. vertovi

Soviet Toys, 1924, director Dziga Vertov

2. „Красные дьяволята“ („wiTeli eSmakunebi“), 1923, reJisori i. perestiani

Red Devils, 1923, director Ivan Perestiani
152

3. „sakani №79“ 1929, reJisori zaqaria beriSvili

Cell #79, 1929, director Zaqaria Berishvili

4. „jim SvanTe“ (marili svaneTs) 1930, reJisori m. kalatoziSvili

Jim Shvante (Salt for Svanetia), 1930, director Mikheil Kalatozishvili
 153

5. „xabarda“ (ganze gadeq!) 1931, reJisori m. Wiaureli

Khabarda (Step Aside!), 1931, director Mikheil Chiaureli

6. „arsena“ 1937, reJisori m. Wiaureli

Arsena, 1937, director Mikheil Chiaureli
154

8. i. Sadri, v. i. leninis monumenti zahesSi, 1927

I. Shadr, V. I. Lenin’s Monument at the Zemo Avchala Hydroelectric Station, 1927

8. leonardo da vinCi, seroba uflisa (L’Ultima Cena), 460 × 880 sm, milani, XV s-is bolo
Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (L’Ultima Cena), 460x880 cm, Milan, late 15th century
 155

9. seroba uflisa, daviTgareja, XI s. The Last Supper, David Gareja, 11th century

10. isaak brodski, lenini smolniSi (Ленин в Смольном), 1930

Isaak Brodsky, Lenin in Smolny, 1930
156

qeTevan ruxaZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

garemos dizaini _ xelovnebaTa sinTezi arqiteqturasTan

(marika izorias Semoqmedebis mixedviT)

esTetikuri garemo arqiteqturis, saxviTi da dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelov-

nebis sinTezis urTierTqmedebis Sedegia, romlis mizania adamiani aziaros samy-
aros mSvenierebas, gansazRvros misi adgili da roli am sivrceSi. Zalze rTulia
arqiteqturul garemoSi, iqneba es interieris, eqsterieris Tu landSaftis sivr-
ce, Seitano Seni xelwera, Tqva Seni sityva ise rom ar daarRvio bunebaSi ukve arse-
buli wonasworoba da harmonia, Seerwya arqiteqtoris Canafiqrs, gaxde am garemos
Tanaziari, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi ki misi dominanti – maorganizebeli elementi.
yvelaze did siZneles mainc istoriulad Camoyalibebul garemoSi SeWra war-
moadgens. mosamzadebeli samuSaos Sesrulebisas aseTi proeqtebi yovelTvis gan-
sakuTrebul midgomas saWiroebs da did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. Ees samuSao bevrad
met faqtors moicavs, vidre mxatvris profesiul doneze damokidebuli Semdgo-
mi etapi. adamianis sacxovrebeli garemos formirebaSi, arqiteqturuli iqneba is
Tu landSafturi, mxatvrisa da arqiteqtorisTvis upirvelesia fsiqologiuri
kuTxiT midgoma, radgan garemo Cveni cxovrebis erT-erTi warmmarTveli da au-
cilebeli pirobaa. G
garemo intimuri cnebaa da misi „ego“ – adamiania, radgan swored garemos dizaini
qmnis adamianis xasiaTis ganwyobas da fsiqotipis formirebas. amdenad arqiteq-
torsa da mxatvars ZaluZT Seqmnan „sevdis morevSi“ CaZiruli, an agresiuli sivr-
ce, anda adamianis cxovreba maradiul dResaswaulad aqcion. ukanasknel xans Ta-
namedrove garemos dizainma – urbanulma Tu landSaftur-sivrciTma, gasaocari
cvlilebebi ganicada. gadasxvaferda TviTgamoxatvis saSualebebic: wina planzea
wamoweuli feri da ganaTeba, rogorc emociebis wyaro. es ori mZlavri faqtori
mxatvris xelSi ukve instrumentad iqca, Camoyalibda rogorc axali mimarTule-
ba, rogorc dargi, romelic saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas zRaprul-asociaciuri
garemo, romelic weliwadis droebisa da dRe-Ramis monacvleobiT icvleba, ro-
gorc sulieri arseba cocxlobs, sunTqavs da urTierTobs mnaxvelTan.
arqiteqtorisa da mxatvris mier Seqmnili esTetikuri garemo organulad ganu-
yofelia qveynis kulturuli cxovrebisagan da gansazRvravs am sivrceSi adamia-
nis yofas, xasiaTs, cxovrebis ritms da xSir SemTxvevaSi, momavalsac. dekora-
tiul-gaformebiTi xelovnebis praqtika saSualebas iZleva Tvali mivadevnoT
rogor xdeba transformacia, rogor iqceva mxatvrul-dekoratiuli xelovnebis
nimuSi landSafturi, an arqiteqturuli garemos mZlavr dominantad, romelic
wyvets damoukidebel arsebobas da am sivrcis ganuyofel, organul nawilad iqce-
va. sainteresoa ganvixiloT arqiteqtorisa da mxatvris SemoqmedebaTa sinTezis
urTierTSejerebis safuZvelze, maTi adgili da roli am procesSi. maTi damoki-
debuleba procesisadmi, ganviTarebis gzebi da Sedegebi. magaliTisTvis ganvi-
xiloT mxatvar marika izorias da misi SemoiqmedebiTi jgufis moRvaweoba.

yovelTvis interesiT vadevnebdi Tvals
axalgazrda mxatvris, amJamad ukve Cemi
kolegis marika izorias SemoqmedebiT
gzas. gzas – viwro sagamofeno sivrci-
dan – did, garemos dizainSi da mis dama-
jerebel damkvidrebas am sferoSi.
yovelive amas win uZRoda marika izo-
rias xangrZlivi, nayofieri moRvaweoba
keramikis dargSi. misi namuSevrebis um-
ravlesoba warmodgenilia qvis masiT da
Sereuli teqnikiT Sesrulebuli deko-
ratiuli plastikis saxiT. am masis te-
qnologiuri receptura avtoriseulia
da xangrZlivi Sromis, eqsperimentebis
Sedegs warmoadgens. gamoyenebulia qs-
nis, Casoviaris, perevisis Tixebi, TeT-
ri cecxlgamZle aguris fxvnili, Tal-
ki, kvarcis qviSa da bazalti. zedapiris
gaformebisas igi mimarTavs nedl Wiqu-
rebs, metalTa oqsidebs, vercxlis qlo-
rids da TviT metals _ spilenZs.
mravalfiguriani kompozicia miZRvnaa
qarTvelTa uzenaesi mzis deda-RvTaeba
„nanas“-admi. erTi SexedviT, aq ori, sru-
liad gansxvavebuli figurebis jgufia
warmodgenili. erTi statikuri, mqrqal
Tbil tonalobaSi gadawyvetili (sur.1),
meore dinamikuri, saocrad eqspresiu-
li, romelic monoqromul feradovan
gamaSia Sesrulebuli (sur.2). eE s figure-
bi gamoZaxilia im Zveli qal-RvTaebebis
gamosaxulebebisa, mravlad rom gvxvde-
ba msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi da
rasakvirvelia, saqarTveloSic. mcire
plastikis am Sedevrebis simboloTa da
kompoziciis saocari urTierTmsgavseba
kidev ufro metad migvaniSnebs adamianTa
modgmis erTian maradiul RvTiur sawyis-
sa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis etapebs.
marika izorias kompoziciebze saubri-
sas albaT, gansakuTrebiT unda aRin-
iSnos statikuri jgufis figurebis
xazgasmuli monumenturoba da daxvewi-
li sisadave. TiTeuli figura damou-
kidebeli kompoziciaa Tavisi sadgame-
157
biT, romlebic warmarTul-ritualur
sakurTxevlebadac SeiZleba aRviqvaT
(sur.3). Tumca ornamenti orive jgufis
am namuSevrebSi ZiriTadad formis ga-
movlenis elementia, is Tavisuflad
efineba zedapirs, magram sruliad ar
tvirTavs, ar amZimebs kompozicias. al-
baT, swored es semantikuri ornamentia
im faruli Sinagani eqspresiulobisa da
dramatizmis gasaRebi, romelic ase War-
bad igrZnoba am maradiuli mlocvele-
bis figurebSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia is
garemoebac, rom Cvens epoqaSi ornamen-
tis simboloTa ideuri aqtualuroba
sakmaod Sesustda (Tu mTlianad ar ga-
qra) – dekoratiuli funqciis xarjze.
axla mnaxveli sakmaod momzadebuli
unda iyos imisTvis, rom gaigos ornamen-
tis simboloTa idumali da saintereso
ena, raTa mixvdes, rom xelapyrobili
locva, xeldasxma–gardmovlena uZve-
lesi ritualuri wesia. swored amitom
dgas mlocvel-mavedrebeli figurebis
erTi jgufi zeaweuli xelebiT, meore
ki ritualur rokvas _ ferxuls asru-
lebs. aq ukve poeturi reminiscenciebis
dinebas mivyvebiT, „mze Sina“ da „li-
leo“ gvaxsendeba, mzis maradiuli sadi-
deblebi gvexmianeba saukuneTa qartexi-
lebidan. uyureb warmarTuli RvTaebe-
bis gamosaxulebebs da Senc jadosnur
samyaroSi xvdebi. maTi morTulobis
simboloebi Rrma da idumali ezoTeru-
li Sinaarsis matarebelia: figuris Ta-
vebi – rkali – mzea, wylisa da samyaros
gamosaxulebebiT. mkerdis samkauli, es
ideur-simboluri maxvili _ avi sule-
bisgan mcvelia. sartyeli, qvena da zena
samyaros gamyofi elementi, Zalaufle-
bis, Zlevamosilebis, nayofierebis da
samyaros macocxlebeli wylis simb-
oloa, romelic gars ertymis da asazr-
doebs yovelives1, suliersa Tu usu-
los. TiToeul xazs, dekoris umcires
1
i. surgulaZe, qarTuli xalxuri ornamen-
tis simbolika, Tb., 1986, gv.90,102.
158
detalsac ki semantikuri mniSvneloba
eniWeba. aA q vxvdebiT jvars, borjRals,
rac mzis, cecxlis, sinaTlis, samyaros
simboloebia2. varskvlaviseburi orna-
mentuli niSnis simbolika bunebis de-
da-RvTaebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, sam-
kuTxedebi mTebia, talRiseburi xazi
_ zigzagi, gveli – wylis stiqiis aRm-
niSvneli3. dResac SemorCenilia mrava-
li rwmena da legenda, romelic gvels
miawers misnobasTan dakavSirebul ri-
tualebs.A aseve misnobis instituts
ukavSirdeba figurebis centrSi da
gverdebze spiralisa da rkalis gamosa-
xulebebi, romlebsac astralis xvre-
lad, karibWed aRiqvamdnen da adamianis
zeciur samyarosTan damakavSireblad
Tvlidnen4, vinaidan maT TviTonac am
samyaros ganuyofel nawilad miaCndaT
Tavi.A adamianebma icodnen, rom Tixa
cocxali substanciaa da mas erTguleba
da rudunebiT mopyroba sWirdeba. Tixa
ar gpatiobs arafers, is ver itans mer-
kantilurobas. Tixa unda giyvardes, ase
miaCndaT odiTganve.
gana Tixisgan ar Seqmna RmerTma adamiani?..
amitomacaa ase mistikuri es dargi – meTu-
neoba. keramika xom xelovnebis sami Ziri-
Tadi dargis, qandakebis, ferwerisa da
grafikis cecxlSi nawrTobi derivatia...
albaT amitomac iqmneboda odiTganve
RmerTqalebi, deda-RvTaebebi am misti-
kuri masalisagan – da bolos gebadebaT
albaT kiTxvebi: da mainc raSia am namu-
Sevrebis dedaazri?.. nostalgia geneti-
kur fesvebze?.. an sakraluri anbaniT Ta-
namedroveTa daintereseba?.. Tu pasuxi
mzis warmarTi RvTaebis Zaxilze?.. amas
albaT mnaxveli TviTon ityvis…. CemTvis
ki es oTxi stiqiis: haeris, wylis, miwisa
da cecxlis dResaswauli – keramikaa!..
2
iqve, gv. 70-72.
3
iqve, gv. 110-113.
4
iqve, gv. 111-116.
yovelive es winaTqmaa mxatvris Semiq-
medebiTi moRvaweobis gzaze, romlis
Semdgomi etapebic axla unda ganvi-
xiloT. garemos dizainis art-obieqtis
ramdenime Zalze saintereso arqiteq-
turuli da mxatvrul-esTetikuri saxis
gadawyveta, romelTa Sesaxebac visaub-
rebT, ekuTvniT interieris arqiteqto-
rebs – S.wilosans da s.maisuraZes, xolo
mxatvrul-dekoratiuli gaformeba ma-
rika da nana izoriebs. eA s obieqtebia sa-
cxovrebeli binebis abazanis vitraJebi,
batikiT gaformebuli kari da gamyofi
kedeli xevsurul motivebze Seqmnili
buxriT. gansakuTrebulad gamovyofdi-
kompania „xareba-“s ramdenime obieqts.
vicodi, rom kompaniis „xareba“ ofisSi
damxvdeboda pano – minis, sarkis mozai-
kis, keramikis, xis da ferweruli Canar-
TebiT. kedlis gaformebis masalebis
CamoTvlili mravalferovneba gabnevs,
TiTqos unda geucxovos es kaleidosko-
puri siWrele, magram adgilze misuls,
karis gaRebisTanave gxvdeba pano, rome-
lic saocrad gawonasworebuli, daxvewi-
li gemovnebiTaa Sesrulebuli (sur.4).
Semosasvlelis am patara sivrceSi ia-
takidan Weramde aziduli pano masSta-
buri SeusabamobiT TiTqos aseve unda
iwvevdes siviwrovis, simZimis usiamo-
vno SegrZnebas. aq ki, kompoziciis yve-
la nacnobi kanonis darRveviT, piriqiT
xdeba – pano TiTqos zrdis, afarToebs,
sinaTliT, sixaruliT avsebs sivrces –
Sesasvlelad gepatiJebaT da ukve zRur-
blidan gangawyobT, gmuxtavT dadebiTi
emociiT... da Tqvenc mzad xarT am patara
zRapruli garemos nawilad iqceT.
marika izorias adreuli SemoqmedebiTi
muSaoba keramikaSi da misi gataceba mi-
Tosuri samyaroTi, sakralur niSan-sim-
boloTa idumali jadosnuri eniT, gax-
da inspiraciis wyaro am panos „sicocx-
lis xis“ kosmogoniur-simboluri da
dekoratiuli gadawyvetisaTvis. amiT

iyo ganpirobebuli masalaTa farTo
diapazoni da faqturebis SerCevac.
pano Sereuli teqnikiTaa Sesrulebuli:
monacvleobs tradiciuli kedlis mxat-
vroba, reliefuri keramikis CanarTebi,
minis plastikuri formebi, xe da sarke
– mozaikis saxiT. roca masalasa da fa-
qturaze vsaubrobT ar SeiZleba gverdi
avuaroT iseT saintereso faqturul ma-
salas, rogoricaa sarke, romlis mozai-
kur CanarTebs feradovani speqtris
gacocxleba, sivrcis ganaTeba da gazr-
da SeuZlia. igi vizualurad TiTqosda
itevs mTel Tavis mravalferovan seman-
tikas, romelsac mecnierebi astralur
rwmena-warmodgenebs miaweren. sarkes,
rogorc adamianis bedis ganmgebel da
miRmiur samyarosTan damakavSirebel
magiur-religiur sagans, amuletebisa
da avgarozebis rigsac miakuTvnebdnen.
mas patroni sicocxleSi da sikvdilis
Semdegac unda daecva. niSandoblivia,
rom eTnografiul yofasa da xalxur
TqmulebebSi sarkis movaleobas xSirad
wyali asrulebs5. swored es aris ganmsa-
zRvreli kompoziciis fonis, ferisa da
masalisaTvis. aseve simboluria panos
kompoziciis SuaSi sakraluri xis, ro-
gorc sami sknelis maradiuli ipostasis
xateba da astralur mnaTobTa CarTvac.
astralur simboloTa rigs ganekuTv-
nebian Tevzebic, simbolur datvirT-
vas atarebs TviT feric. ZiriTad do-
minantebs cisferi, rogorc kosmosisa
da wylis samyaros, xolo oqrosfridan
yavisframde Sualeduri tonaluri
gradaciebi Suasknelis aRmniSvnelia6.
idumali, jadosnuri enis simboloebi-
Taa gadmocemuli pirvelsawyisi mara-
diuli samyaros Seqmna, ca da mnaTobe-
bi, wyali – sicocxlis uSreti wyaro da
wylis binadarni.
5
g. gociriZe, jadosnuri sarke, qarTuli
eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT, anTropo-
logiuri kvlevani, Tb., 2010, gv. 212-223.
6
i.surgulaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 169-176.
159
mTeli kompozicia gadawyvetilia swor-
xazovani vertikaluri sibrtyeebis, ro-
gorc kosmosSi aWrilis srbola, xolo
maT Soris mbrunavi sibrtyeebi, viTarc
maradiuli moZraobis aRmniSvneli da
wminda xis, samyaros dedaboZis irgvliv
wylis talRebs adevnebuli saRvTo Te-
vzebis mistikur-ritualuri ferxuli.
sarkis dekoratiuli fragmentebi Can-
arTebis saxiT, romliTac umTavresad
wylis samyaroa gadmocemuli, funqci-
ur datvirTvasac asrulebs, siRrmes
matebs ofisis viwro avansivrces, ai-
reklavs sinaTlis sxivs da ferad aqcen-
tebs, wylis sivrcis dinebis SegrZnebas
ufro amZafrebs, acocxlebs mTel kom-
pozicias da misi grafikuli naxatis
diagonaluri sibrtyeebis moZraobis,
brunvis ritms aCqarebs (sur.5).
mTeli pano miTosur samyarodaa war-
modgenili, romlis yoveli grafikuli
xazi da sibrtye zecaSi mzisken miisw-
rafvis. mze _ igive wre, rogorc mcve-
li avisagan, sivrceSi ixsneba da iRebs
mcenareuli ornamentis saxes. yoveli
geometriuli forma semantikur sim-
boloebad gvevlineba da sicocxlis
sawyisebTan dakavSirebul haers, wyals,
dedamiwas gamoxatavs. Tema ixsneba am
simboloebis kompoziciuri TanwyobiT,
raSic Cans avtoris konceftualuri
xedva. pano aRqmisTanave „ikiTxeba“ ze-
modan qvemoT _ kosmosidan dedamiwis
sirRmisaken. qvemodan zemoT mimarTu-
li wylisa da Tevzebis aRmasvla RvTiu-
ri movlenis gamoxatulebaa da amgvarad
uerTdeba maradiuli wrebrunvis cik-
ls. panos TiToeuli fragmenti dasru-
lebuli kompoziciaa, romelsac Tavisi
masala, faqtura, feri gaaCnia da Tavis-
Tavad, damoukideblad SeuZlia iarse-
bos. magram ara – TiTqos raRac uxilavi
sicocxlis sawyisi, RvTiuri Zala erT
mTlianobaSi kravs, suls STaberavs, ai-
tacebs da daatrialebs maradiuli xis
irgvliv zeaRma mdinare wylis Wavls,
160
mSobliur stiqias mindobil saRvTo
TevzebTan erTad.
am namuSevarSi Tanamedrove xelovanis
SemoqmedebiTi meTodi ufro asociaci-
uria, rac qmnis farTo sivrces indivi-
dualuri aRqmisaTvis. pano gvabrunebs
im pirvelqmnil idumal miTosur samy-
aroSi, sadac waSlilia adamianisa da
bunebis urTierTWidili, daZabuloba,
sadac mxolod wonasworoba, harmonia
da RvTiuri silamaze sufevs.
albaT umarTebulo iqneba oriod si-
tyviT ar SevexoT am ofisis interieris
dizainis avtors _ axalgazrda arqite-
qtor sofo maisuraZes da mis Semoqme-
debas, es misi pirveli nabijebia (masve
ekuTvnis gorgasalis 1# -Si mdebare maRa-
zia-baris gaformeba da yazbegSi sastu-
mro „xareba“).
kibis baqnidan SedixarT ofisis momcro
sivrceSi, sadac Sesavleli karis mopir-
dapire kedlis mTel simaRleze aRmar-
Tulia zemoT ganxiluli mxatvruli
pano. igi TiTqos gegebebaT da migaci-
lebT ofisSi. ofiss uWiravs arcTu ise
didi erTiani sivrce, romelic gazr-
dilia gamyofi tixrebis aRebis xar-
jze. Tavisufali gegmareba saSualebas
aZlevs arqiteqtorsa da mxatvars, uSu-
alod panos kolorits dauqvemdebaron
saofise garemos mxatvrul-esTetikuri
gadawyveta. ofisis interieri gafor-
mebulia minimalistur stilSi. samuSao
sivrce universaluria. marcxena kede-
li mTlianad samzareulos karadas uka-
via. karadis Tavze Weramdea aRmarTuli
ulamazesi naturaluri marmarilos
pano lurji xazovani CanarTebiT, rome-
lic Tavisi mdidari faqturiT, feriTa
da mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiT samza-
reulos sivrcis funqciur datvirT-
vas SeumCnevels xdis da mTel samuSao
garemos sastumro oTaxis iers aniWebs.
amdenad, ofisSi marmarilos pano ukve
meore maorganizebel elementad gvev-
lineba. panos da marmarilos ferebis _
cisfris da lurjis mravaljeradi sin-
kopa interieris mxatvar-arqiteqtors
aiZulebs miusadagos mas avejisa da ked-
lis feric. rogorc vnaxeT, interieris
feradovani gadawyveta, am SemTxvevaSi,
ZiriTadad dafuZnebulia mxatvruli
panos kompoziciasa da ferze. is war-
moadgens mZlavr dekoratiul aqcents
da maorganizebel elements interieris
mTeli sivrcisTvis. es xazgasmuli sisa-
dave da dominanturi mocisfro-lurji
toni eleganturobas sZens garemos. si-
naTle, romelic Zveleburi maRali fan-
jrebidan iRvreba mTel ofisSi, weliwa-
dis droisa da dRe-Ramis ganmavloba-
Si icvleba. RamiT, roca aq, meidanze,
sxva ubnebisgan gansxvavebiT, Tbilisi
fxizlobs, quCis mxatvruli ganaTeba
Tavisi jadoqruli efeqtebiT, Tanm-
devi musikisa da mxolod am ubnisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli miyruebuli xmauriT,
marTlac rom ganumeorebel xibls ma-
tebs panosa da ofisis sivrces.
ofisis mTeli garemo statusisa da war-
matebis erTgvari gzamkvlevi da ideuri
maCvenebelia, is kompania „xareba“-s sa-
vizito baraTia.
amave kompanias ekuTvnis bari-maRazia
gorgasalis 1# -Si, romlis vitrinis vit-
raJis kompoziciis avtori da Semsru-
lebelia marika izoria. mis SeqmnaSi mo-
nawileobda nana izoriac, romelic am
interierSi gamofenili dekoratiuli
fardagis avtori da Semqmnelia.
Zalze sainteresoa vitraJis Sesrule-
bis teqnologia. gamoyenebulia meta-
lis oqsidebi, kvarcis qviSa, minanqari
da oqros lustra, zednadebi da feradi
minis reliefuri, xis tixrebiani, naxev-
rad gamWvirvale vitraJi. maqsimalurad
mqrqali ganaTebis efeqti, saukeTeso
saSualebaa barSi intimuri garemos Se-
saqmnelad.
bari-maRaziis ararealuri zRapruli
garemos SegrZnebas amZafrebs vitrin-

is `sendviCis~ teqnikiT Sesrulebuli
mxatvruli minis feradi aTinaTi, rom-
lis gama mkveTrad reagirebs Suq-Crdi-
lis cvlilebaze. sivrceSi daRvrili
sinaTlis sxivi dRisiT sicocxlis sixa-
ruliT, RamiT ki idumalebiT da zRap-
ruli Suq-CrdiliT avsebs mTels bars.
gansakuTrebiT ki moelvare fardags,
romelicAbaris siRrmeSi, gamyofi ked-
lis RiobSi karis Semcvlel moZrav tix-
radaa Sekiduli. nana izorias tradici-
uli fardagi qarTuli xurjinis moti-
vebzea Sesrulebuli. xelovani ar Rala-
tobs Tavis individualur xelweras da
xalxuri ornamentis transformirebas
axdens, moelvare feradi mZivebiT qar-
gavs mas (sur.6), riTac sruliad mou-
lodnel, uCveulo iers aniWebs baris
siRrmeSi arsebul gasasvlels. am arcTu
ise didi sivrcis marjvena mxares, vit-
rinasTan metalis xazgasmulad marti-
vi konstruqciaa (avtori-arqiteqtori
s.maisuraZe), romelic vizualur-esTe-
tikuris garda, funqciur datvirTva-
sac iTavsebs, erTgvar dgamsac warmoad-
gens sasmelis boTlebisTvis. kompozi-
ciis es TvalSi sacemi pragmatuloba
da konstruqtivizmi myis gvafxizlebs,
zRapridan kvlav realobaSi, barSi gvab-
runebs.
aq gansakuTrebuli atmosferoa saRa-
moobiT, roca sivrce ivseba xalxiT,
idumalebiT da poetur-mistikuri au-
riT. odnav Teatralizebuli, momxib-
lavi dizaini, amas damatebuli Tbili,
mokrZalebuli momsaxureoba _ esaa
swored is, rac aiZulebs momxmarebels,
rom kvlav da kvlav estumros am patara
bar-maRazias (sur.7).
Semdegi gansaxilveli obieqtia saxli
vakeSi, xevsurul motivebze Seqmnili
arqiteqturulad naqandakari buxriT.
sacxovrebeli bina gadawyvetilia mini-
malistur stilSi. aq daculia am sti-
lis ZiriTadi principi: yvela aucile-
161
beli elementis gansazRvruloba, praq-
tikuli saWiroeba, sisadave da araferi
zedmeti. Tumca interieris dizainis
avtori, mainc gamoricxavs zedmet sim-
kacres da saSualebas aZlevs saxviTi da
gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis mxatvrebs sa-
kuTari poeturi muxti Seitanon proe-
qtis dizainSi. interieris xasiaTs gan-
sazRvravs didi, Tavisufali, maRali
sivrce, farTe panoramuli fanjrebiT
da feradi vitraJiT WerSi. misi T
F avSeka-
vebuli gama monoqromul palitras qm-
nis, nacrisfris gradaciebiT – muqidan,
moTeTro-nacrisframde Werze, iatakze
xe da qva-granitia buxris irgvliv. e E s
universaluri bunebrivi masalebi, ro-
melTa gamoyeneba misaRebia yvela saxis
dizainSi, gansakuTrebul xibls matebs
garemos. minis saerTo feradovani gama
saocrad uxdeba Tbili gradaciebis
mqone nacrisferi tonalobis rbil
avejs da magidebsa da skamebs, romle-
bic muqi feris aqcentebad ikiTxeba
(sur.8). aseTi, sworad ganawilebuli,
gawonasworebuli maxvilebi interie-
ris saerTo feradovnebas metad usvams
xazs, gansazRvravs binaSi komfortsa
da pozitiur emociebs. WerSi damon-
taJebuli ganaTeba aseve xazgasmulad
minimalistur stilSia gadawyvetili.
saxuravze terasaa – sazafxulo baRiT,
sadac SeiZleba sasaimovno garemoSi, me-
gobrul atmosferoSi gaataro dro. in-
terieri da terasac sazafxulo baRiT
Tanamedrove, saocrad lakoniuri da
respeqtabeluria. am proeqtSi igrZno-
ba qalis mier Seqmnili dizaini, rome-
lic yovelTvis gamoirCeva maqsimaluri
sisadaviT, daxvewili gemovnebiTa da
lirikuli simyudroviT.
interieris yvela elementi sivrceSi
damoukideblad, Tumca imavdroulad,
erTi mTlianobis nawilad ikiTxeba.
sivrcis centrs warmoadgens mZlavri
162
mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli moculoba,
skulptura _ gamyofi kedeli-buxari.
is proeqtis gansakuTrebul da yvela-
ze momxiblav elementad iqca. buxars
binaSi mravalfunqciuri _ gaTbobis
da gamyofi kedlis datvirTva aqvs. is
samzareulos sastumro oTaxisgan zo-
nirebas axdens da interieris erT-erT
mTavar mxatvrul-esTetikur datvir-
Tvas asrulebs (sur.9). kedeli-buxari
warmoadgens dekoratiul-monumentur
sivrciT art-obiets, romlis kompozi-
ciis avtori da Semsrulebeli marika
izoriaa. rac Seexeba Werze fanjris
vitraJs, is nana izorias ekuTvnis. inte-
riers gansakuTrebulad uxdeba sastu-
mro oTaxis mxares, buxris marjvena ke-
delze dakidebuli mxatvar aleqs ber-
diSevis xis panoramul CarCoebSi Cas-
muli, molurjo-nacrisferi grafiku-
li namuSevari. igi organulad erwymis
ukve Camoyalibebul garemos da TiTqos
buxris tonalobisa da ritmis erTgvar
logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens.
marika izorias SemoqmedebaSi gansakuT-
rebulad gvinda gamovyoT am binis monu-
mentur-dekoratiuli gaformeba. sxva
art-obieqtebisagan es namuSevari sru-
liad gamoirCeva SedarebiT mkacri da
TavSekavebuli ieriT. masSi SeigrZnoba
erTgvarad SeumCneveli, faruli sevda,
asociaciuri mogonebebi xevsureTis
warsulze, mTis mkacr, Seuval tradi-
ciebze, erTurTs gadajaWvul warmar-
Tuli da qristianuli religiebis ga-
moZaxilze. aA mdenad interieris am Ziri-
Tadi elementis da centris kompozi-
ciis filosofiis fesvebi istoriisa da
eTnografiis wiaRSi unda veZioT.
vizualuri informacia, romliTac da-
tvirTulia marika izorias es namu-
Sevari mowodebulia Tanamedrove mxa-
tvruli eniT. amitom mnaxveli marti-
vad amoicnobs art-obieqtebis simbo-
lur-ezoTerul Sinaarss. igi gvexmareba
vpovoT da ganvimsWvaloT poetur-ro-
mantikuli garemos „adgilis suliT.“ bu-
nebrioba, TavSekavebuli tonaluri gra-
dacia, xazgasmulad mkacri grafika – es
xevsuruli koSkebis mkacri geometriz-
mis, qvis ruxi, monacrisfro tonalobi-
sa da xis muqi, CaSavebuli Zelebis erT-
gvari gamoZaxilia. nairgvaria erTobli-
vad gamoyenebuli masalebi – qva, TeTri
marmarilos CanarTebi, cecxlis alze
moelvare naWedi spilenZi, keramika-Sa-
moTi, faiansi, keramikuli Semferavebi
– kobaltis oqsidi, Wiquris aRdgeniTi
gamowva – cecxliT jadoqroba. xevsu-
ruli koSkis fasadis imitaciaa fiqalis
faqtura, romliTac mopirkeTebulia
buxris fasadi. ormxriv moqmedi cecxli
_ kerad, xolo piloni dedaboZis xate-
bad aRiqmeba. buxris ukana, samzareulos
mxare qarTuli „glexuri darbazis“ da-
magvirgvinebel Weris formas mogvago-
nebs. arqiteqturuli skulpturis SuaSi
Cadgmuli jvris Savi grafikuli gamosa-
xuleba – gzajvaredinis, samyaros oTxi
mxaris mimaniSnebelia (sur.10).
fasadiT darbazisken mimarTuli buxris
kompozicia xevsureTis mkacri bunebis
nakarnaxevia – didi samkuTxa sibrtyee-
biT agebuli misi zedapiri qveda areze
vertikaluri solisebri sibrtyeebiT
yalibdeba da Tavisi daRaruli naxa-
tiT fiqlis „krakleseburi“7 faqturis
imitacias axdens. buxris mopirkeTebis
saocrad bunebrivi ruxi feradovneba
Taviseburad iwvevs kldovani masivis
STabeWdilebas. igi cocxldeba mraval-
gvari semantikuri asociaciebiTac. so-
liseburi sibrtyeebi gansakuTrebiT aR-
vivebs mnaxvelis fantazias. igi TiTqos-
da zecidan movlenili RvTaebrivi cecx-
lis maCvenebeli gzaa, romlis uqrobel
maradiulobas spilenZis ori cecxlo-
vani Tvali darajobs. buxris sadgamze
xelis mtevnis anabeWdi, romelic war-
7
krakle _ keramikuli nakeTobis teqnolo-
giuri damuSavebis meTodi, romelic iwvevs
misi zedapiris dabJRalvas

marTul xanaSi qalRmerTis kompleqsSi
Sedioda da ukana mxares jvari sakralu-
robas aniWebs mTel kompozicias. ori-
ve erTad, xeli da jvari, xazs usvams am
arqiteqturuli skulpturis mniSvne-
lovanebas Tanamedrove interierSi. sim-
boluria buxris mopirkeTbaSi CarTuli
TeTri marmariloc _ am feris qvas xe-
vsureTSi magiur-apotropeuli daniS-
nuleba hqonda da xalxis TavSeyris ad-
gilebSi avi Tvalis sawinaaRmdegod, sax-
lis karibWis, an wyaros Tavze Semodebd-
nen. kompoziciaSi gamoyenebuli ferTa
gamac xevsuruli speqtrisgan Sedgeba:
esaa Savi, lurji, mowiTalo, sisvi (ruxi
nacrisferi), yviTeli tonebi8. es simbo-
luri reminiscenciebi araTu CarCoebSi
aqcevs xelovans, aramed piriqiT, misi
Tavisuflebis sawindaric xdeba.
marika izorias sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi
xelwera aqvs, romelic ukve sacnobia
da mas Tavisi Taobis sxva mxatvrebisgan
TvalnaTliv gamoarCevs. miuxedavad,
keramikis dargSi moRvaweobis mniSvne-
lovani miRwevebisa, razec utyuarad
metyvelebs gamofenebi, konferenciebi,
konkursebsa da vorqSofebSi aRiare-
buli warmatebebi, igi gansakuTrebul
SemoqmedebiT aRmavlobas aRwevs eqste-
rierisa da interieris dekoratiul-mo-
numenturi gaformebisas. aA q misi, ro-
gorc Semoqmedisa da ostatis xelwera
kidev ufro mravalferovnad da Zlie-
rad vlindeba. mxatvari aq TiTqos Tavi-
suflad sunTqavs, siRrmiseulad ixsne-
ba da sruli sisavsiT warmoaCens Tavis
Sinagan samyaros, codnas, profesiona-
lizmsa da SesaZleblobebs. ar SeiZleba
gverdi avuaroT marika da nana izorie-
bis sruliad sxva teqnikebiT Sesrule-
bul vitraJebs. tifanis teqnikiT awyo-
bili vitraJis ori viwro zoli sacxo-
vrebeli binis abazanis kedlis mTel
8
v. bardaveliZe, g.Citaia, qarTuli xalxuri
ornamenti, 1, xevsuruli, Tb., 1939, gv.9-10.
163
sigrZezea aziduli da sarkisa da saSxa-
pis minaze airekleba. maTi yoveli mxri-
dan dacemuli sxivi irgvliv yvelafers
ucvlis fers da molurjo-moiisfro
naTebiT avsebs abazanis mTel sivrces.
adgil-adgil aelvarebul mooqrosf-
ro-narinjisfer feradovan aqcentebs
siTbo da xalisi Seaqvs abazanis moliv-
live silurjeSi (sur. 11). meore vitra-
Jis sruliad gasxvavebuli teqnika uC-
veuloa Tavisi mxatvruli efeqtebiT.
avtor-Semsrulebeli amjerad mxolod
nana izoriaa.
vitraJi warmoadgens sacxovrebeli bi-
nis didi pilonebiani sastumro oTaxi-
dan samzareuloSi gasasvleli, kedlis
mTel simaRleze aRmarTuli asimet-
riuli karis minebs Sua moqceul bati-
kas. uCveulobis gancdas misi kompozi-
cia, feradovani gama da faqturac iwve-
vs, rasac minis gamWvirvaleba siRrmes
matebs da feradi sinaTliT avsebs. igi
xdeba interieris mZlavri maorganize-
beli elementi, romlis feris JRerado-
bas kamertoniviT imeorebs sastumro
oTaxis dgam-aveji (sur. 12).
marika izorias erT-erTi bolo namu-
Sevaria yazbegSi, sastumros „xareba“
saaqto darbazis mxatvruli gaformeba.
esaa triptiqi, sami dasrulebuli, da-
moukidebeli, abstraqtul-dekoratiu-
li xasiaTis naturmorti. isini ganlage-
bulia sxvadasxva feradovan sibrtyob-
riv laqebze, romelic erT mTliano-
baSi aRiqmeba da interieris sivrcis
vizualur da fsiqologiur dominantad
yalibdeba. aA m namuSevrebis forma arat-
radiciulia, magram sxva obieqtebis ms-
gavsad, aqac erTmaneTs enacvleba da av-
sebs masalaTa farTo diapazoni; feradi
minis CanarTebi, sarkis mozaika, relie-
fi, romelic zogan horeliefuricaa da
kedlis mxatvroba, Sesrulebuli tempe-
risa da akrilis laJvardisferi lur-
jidan mooqrosfro yviTlamde ayvani-
164

li TiTqmis yvela tonaluri gradaciis saRebavebiT. maTi saSualebiT mxatvari

naturmortebis simbolurobas, uCveulo xmovanebas aRwevs da aseTive metyvels
xdis Semomfarglav sivrcesac (sur. 13,14,15).
saxviTi, dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi da monumenturi xelovnebis obieqtebis arqi-
teqturasTan konteqstSi ganxilvam garkveulwilad dagvanaxa Tanamedrove etapze
mxatvris roli am dargebis sinTezirebis proceSi. mxolod garemosTan (iqneba es
interieri, eqsterieri Tu landSafti) uerTierTTanxmobasa da teqnikur-teqno-
logiur sirTuleebTan WidilSi miRweuli warmatebaa arqiteqtorisa da mxatvris
SemoqmedebiTi aliansis aRmavlobis sawindari. maTi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba ga-
remos dizainSi urTierTgamomdinarea da Sedegi erT mTlian process asaxavs. am
sferos mxatvruli problemebi xelovnebis dargebis sivrcesTan Serwymisa da eqs-
perimentuli Ziebebis gziT unda gadawydes, rac wina pirobaa imisa, rom garemos
dizainma Rirseuli adgili daimkvidros Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi.

Ketevan Rukhadze 
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Environmental Design - Synthesis of Art Forms and Architecture

(Based on the works of Marika Izoria)

The issues of the latest trends of the environmental design in Georgia are discussed on the example of
a creative group, which is represented by Marika and Nana Izoria, and architects: Shorena Tsilosani and
Sophiko Maisuradze. Their works are produced in a context of architecture, decorative, applied and monu-
mental art objects. The paper attempts to present the role of contemporary artists in creation of the syn-
thesis of these sectors as well as their involvement in combining technological innovations and artistic
creative quests that are currently taking place and without which development of modern environmental
design, be it an interior, exterior or landscape, would not be possible.
General discussion of the issue of environmental design and artistic interpretation of the field showed
that creative work of architects and artists is interconnected making the outcome to reflect on the whole
process. Artificial synthesis and experimental investigation, solving of current creative problems of the
contemporary environmental design which form prerequisites for a modern phase and consider the cen-
turies old Georgian art can only be conducted this way.
The article describes artistic designs of the following architectural objects: office of the company “Khare-
ba” in Old Tbilisi (“Meidan”), shop and a bar Gorgasali N1, Hotel in Kazbegi, residential apartment in Vake,
where the dividing wall is decorated with a piece made based on Khevsurian motifs etc.
 165

1. marika izoria, qalis figura,

Sebolili Tixa, 2001, 38X17X12sm
Marika Izoria, Female Figure, black ceramic, 2001,
38X17X12

2. marika izoria, ritualuri rokva, naxevradSebolili Tixa, vercxlis nitrati 2002, 22X5X4sm
Marika Izoria, Ritualistic Dance, semi-black ceramic, silver nitrate, 2002, 22X5X4
166

3. marika izoria, xari, naxevradSebolili Tixa,

feradi Wiquri, 2000, 14X16X7sm.
Marika Izoria, Bull, semi-black ceramic, colored glass,
2000, 14X16X7

4. marika da nana izoriebi, pano, Sereuli

teqnika, kompaniis `xareba~ ofisis interieris
mxatvruli gaformeba, arqiteqtori sofiko
maisuraZe, 2017, 3 kv.m.
Marika and Nana Izoria, decorated panel, mixed technique,
interior design at the office of the company “Khareba”,
architect Sophiko Maisuradze, 2017, 3 sq.m.
 167

5. marika da nana izoriebi, pano, fragmenti, Sereuli

teqnika, kompaniis `xareba~ ofisis interieris
mxatvruli gaformeba, 2017
Marika and Nana Izoria, decorated panel, fragment, mixed
technique, interior design at the office of the company “Khareba”,
2017

6. nana izoria, tixari-fardagi, interieri,

bari-maRazia, kompania `xareba~,
arqiteqtori sofiko maisuraZe, 2016, 2 kv. m.
Nana Izoria, partition rug, interior of a bar and a shop of the
company “Khareba”, architect Sophiko Maisuradze, 2016, 2 sq.m.
168

7. marika da nana izoria, vitraJi, kompaniis `xareba~ ofisis fasadis mxatvruli

gaformeba, arqiteqtori sofiko maisuraZe, 2016
Marika and Nana Izoria, stained glass, artistic decoration of the facade of the company “Khareba”’s office,
architect Sophiko Maisuradze, 2016

8. marika da nana izoriebi, dekoratiuli kedeli-buxari, interieri, Sereuli teqnika,

2013, 35 kv.m., kerZo koleqcia
Marika and Nana Izoria, decorative wall and fireplace, interior, mixed technique, 2013, 35 sq.m.,
private collection
 169

9. marika da nana izoriebi, dekoratiuli kedeli-buxari, fasadi, interieri,

Sereuli teqnika, 2013, kerZo koleqcia
Marika and Nana Izoria, decorative wall and fireplace, facade, interior, mixed technique, 2013, private collection

10. marika da nana izoriebi, dekoratiuli kedeli-buxari, ukana mxare, interieri,

Sereuli teqnika, 2013, kerZo koleqcia
Marika and Nana Izoria, decorative wall and fireplace, rear facade, interior, mixed technique, 2013,
private collection
170

11. marika da nana izoriebi, gamWoli kedeli, vitraJebi interiersa da

eqsterierSi, feradi mina, liToni, 2012, 2 kv.m., kerZo koleqcia
Marika and Nana Izoria, wall, stained-glass windows in the exterior and interior,
colored glass, metal, 2012, 2 sq.m., private collection

12. nana izoria, karis dizaini, interieri, batika, mina, 2011, 2.80X1.50, kerZo koleqcia
Nana Izoria, door design, interior, batik, glass, 2011, 2.80X1.50, private collection
 171

13. marika izoria, Tanamedrove arti, triptiqi, naturmorti-1,Sereuli

teqnika, sastumro `xareba~ yazbegSi, 2017, 1.20X86
Marika Izoria, Modern Art, Triptych, Still Life — 1, mixed technique, hotel “Khareba” in Kazbe-
gi, 2017, 1.20X86

14. marika da nana izoriebi, Tanamedrove arti, triptiqi, naturmorti-2, Sereuli

teqnika, sastumro “xareba” yazbegSi, 2017, 1.20X86
Marika and Nana Izoria, Modern Art, Triptych, Still Life — 2, mixed technique, hotel “Khareba” in Kazbegi, 2017,
1.20X86
172

15. marika da nana izoriebi, Tanamedrove arti, triptiqi, naturmorti-3, Sereuli teqnika, sastumro
`xareba~ yazbegSi, 2017, 1.20X86
Marika and Nana Izoria, Modern Art, Triptych, Still Life — 3, mixed technique, hotel “Khareba”, Kazbegi, 2017, 1.20X86
 173

inga (klara) qaraia

apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

sauniversiteto muzeumebis roli akademiur swavlebasa da

sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi

sauniversiteto muzeumi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan saganmanaTleblo re-

surs-centrs im umaRlesi dawesebulebisaTvis, romelsac surs maqsimaluri Sede-
gi miiRos swavlebasa da kvlevaSi, aseve, moizidos axali auditoria ara mxolod
Tavisi regionidan, aramed ucxoeTidanac. aqedan gamomdinare, aseT muzeumebs
aqvT unikaluri SesaZlebloba, garda sxvadasxva tipis koleqciebis mcvelTa fun-
qciisa, „Seasrulon erTgvari xidis rolic codnis gavrcelebisa da mecnierebis
interpretaciis mimarTulebiT“1.
UMAC-is2 (muzeumebis saerTaSoriso sabWos/ICOM-is sauniversiteto muzeumebisa
da koleqciebis saerTaSoriso komiteti) ganmartebiT, „sauniversiteto muzeu-
mebi miekuTvneba sxvadasxva profilis specializebuli saganmanaTleblo muzeu-
mebis jgufs, romlebic iqmneba saswavlo procesisa da kvleviTi saqmianobis gau-
mjobesebis mizniT“3, rac, analogiurad sxva tipis muzeumebisa, xorcieldeba
koleqciebis Segrovebis, sistematizaciis, kvlevis, swavlebis, demonstrirebisa
da interpretaciis meSveobiT.
istoriulad, moyolebuli jer kidev aRorZinebis epoqidan, sauniversiteto swa-
vlebis procesi mudam mWidrod ukavSirdeboda muzeumis saganmanaTleblo Sesa-
Zleblobebs, rogorc akademiuri sivrcis kvleviTi TuU saswavlo procesis mate-
rialur bazas. xolo ganmanaTlebelTa epoqaSi (XVIII s.), roca farTod ganviTarda
muzeumis xelmisawvdomobis koncefcia da mis daniSnulebad miiCneuli iqna sazo-
gadoebis interesis gaRviveba koleqciebSi gaSualebuli codnisadmi, samuzeumo
saqmianoba ganixileboda eqsponatTa vizualur saSualebad gamoyenebis meTodad
mecnierebis miRwevebis gavrcelebisa da swavlis procesSi4.
istoriuli cnobebiTve, pirveli sauniversiteto muzeumebi da maTi saswavlo
koleqciebi XVI-XVII saukuneebSi Seiqmna samedicino da saafTiaqo ganaTlebis miz-
niT (Hortus medicus/samedicino botanikuri baRebi, Theatrum anatomicum/anatomiu-
ri Teatri). pirveli Theatrum anatomicum daarsda 1594 wels paduas universitetSi
(italia), sadac eqsponirebuli iyo anatomiuri nimuSebi, cvilis figurebi, uZve-
lesi namarxi zoologiuri da sxva masalebi. xolo mogvianebiT (XVII saukunidan),
1
Managing university museums.  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 2001, gv. 3.
2
UMAC (ICOM International Committee for University Museums and Collections) warmoadgens Ria forums yve-
lasTvis, vinc asocirebulia akademiur muzeumebTan, galereebTan da koleqciebTan (her-
bariumebisa da botanikuri baRebis CaTvliT). komiteti advokatirebas uwevs yvela tipis
sauniversiteto muzeumebsa da koleqciebs globalur doneze. UMAC misiaa: sazogadoebis
sakeTildReod, xeli Seuwyos sauniversiteto muzeumebisa da koleqciebis, rogorc kvle-
vasTan, ganaTlebasa da kulturuli, istoriuli, bunebrivi da mecnieruli memkvidreobis
dacvasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani resursebis mdgrad ganviTarebas.
3
http://umac.icom.museum/about-umac/what-is-umac/
4
R. Sandell & E. Nightingale, Museums, equality, and social justice, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012, gv.14.
174
anatomiuri Teatrebi gaixsna boloniis,
feraras (italia), leidenisa (niderlan-
debi, sur. 1) da monpelies (safrangeTi)
universitetebSi (maTi nawili dRemde
Semonaxulia). male muzeumis msgavsi
modeli gaiTavises mxatvrebma, moqan-
dakeebma da arqiteqtorebmac, gaCnda
fizikisa da qimiis kabinet-muzeumebi5.
miuxedavad amisa, pirvel sazogadoeb-
riv sauniversiteto muzeumad miCneu-
lia did britaneTSi, oqsfordis uni-
versitetis bazaze daarsebuli eSmo-
lis muzeumi (Ashmolean Museum  in Oxford’s
University), romelic 1682 wels Seiqmna
da iTvleba „Tanamedrove samuzeumo
dawesebulebasTan miaxloebul yvelaze
adreul formad“ ara mxolod did bri-
taneTSi, aramed msoflioSic6. eSmolis
muzeumis (sur. 2, 3) pirvel nagebobaSi
(cabinet of curiosities) ganTavsda elias eS-
molis (cnobili ingliseli politikosi
da koleqcioneri, 1617-1692) mier 1677
wels oqsfordis universitetisaTvis
saCuqrad gadacemuli siZveleTa kole-
qcia (sxvadasxva epoqis monetebi, wig-
nebi, graviurebi, geologiuri nimuSebi
da zoologiuri nimuSebi, romlebic man
sxvadasxva dros SeiZina mogzaurebi-
sa da koleqcionerebisagan), aseve, misi
megobris, jon tradeskant-umcrosis
(1608-1662) mier Segrovebuli nimuSe-
bi7. daarsebidan 150 wlis manZilze eSmo-
lis muzeumi fokusirebuli iyo oqsfor-
dis universitetis sabunebismetyvelo
kvlevebze, magram XIX saukunidan, mas
Semdeg, rac universitetis koleqciebi
gadanawilda oqsfordis oTx muzeumSi,
5
V. J Danilov, University and college museums, galleries,
and related facilities: A descriptive directory.  Westport,
Conn: Greenwood Press, 1996, gv.11.
6
P. Boylan, Universities and Museums: past, present and
future, Museum Management and Curatorship, vol. 18, no.
1, 1999, gv. 43.
7
A. MacGregor, The Ashmolean Museum. A brief history
of the museum and its collections. Ashmolean Museum
& Jonathan Horne Publications, London, 2001, gv.12.
eSmolis muzeumi gadakeTda arqeolo-
giisa da xelovnebis profilis muzeumad
(Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology),
romlis galereebSi, 2009-2011 wlebSi Ca-
tarebuli sruli renovaciis Semdeg am-
Jamad daculia Zvelegvipturi da anti-
kuri xelovnebis koleqcia, aRorZinebis
epoqis ostatTa (miqelanjelo, rafae-
li, leonardo da vinCi) grafikuli namu-
Sevrebi, jorjones, rubensis, rembrand-
tis, loren terneris, ogiust renuarisa
da pablo pikasos qmnilebebi, antikuri
periodis qandakebis nimuSebi, cnobili
ingliseli arqeologis artur evansis
(eSmolis muzeumis kuratori 1884-1905
wlebSi) mier Segrovebuli minosis epo-
qis siZveleTa koleqcia, numizmatikis,
Suasaukuneebis saomari aRWurvilobis
mdidari koleqciebi (sur. 4) da sxva8.
eSmolis muzeumis daarsebiT Seiqmna
sauniversiteto swavlebaSi muzeumis
koleqciebis gamoyenebis pirveli pre-
cedenti da aA m praqtikam saTave dau-
do muzeumis axal tips _ saswavlo
muzeums. momdevno, XVIII–XIX saukuneebSi
analogiuri muzeumebi iqmneboda uni-
versitetebis wesdebis Sesabamisad, swa-
vlis procesisa da sagamofeno saqmiano-
bis ganviTarebis kvaldakval _ kerZo
pirebis, mecnierTa da mecenat-filanT-
ropebis iniciativiT. kembrijis (1727),
glazgos (1807), manCesteris (1888) uni-
versitetebSi saswavlo muzeumebi war-
moadgenda instituciis struqturis
Semadgenel nawils da Tavdapirvelad
damxmare daniSnuleba gaaCnda _ saswa-
vlo muzeumis koleqciebi warmoadgen-
da bazas da materialur resursebs
samecniero kvlevebisaTvis, vinaidan
pirveli sauniversiteto muzeumebi Zi-
riTadad dargobriv principze yalib-
deboda (mineralogiuri, zoologiuri,
botanikuri, teqnologiuri kabinetebi,
natifi xelovnebis, siZveleTa saswavlo
8
https://www.ashmolean.org/history-ashmolean

muzeumebi da sxv.), magram droTa ganma-
vlobaSi, viTareba Seicvala.
XIX saukunis Suaxanebidan evropis sau-
niversiteto muzeumebi ukve ayalibe-
ben TavianT koncefcias, koleqciebis
dakompleqtebisa da sistematizaciis
principebsa da formebs, aseve, unika-
luri masalebis eqsponirebisa da far-
To sazogadoebisaTvis maTi wardgenis
meTodebs, rac sayovelTao xelmisawv-
domobisa da Riaobis princips emyareba.
amasTan, maTi saqmianoba maleve gacda
universitetis kampusis farglebs _
sauniversiteto muzeumebi ukve emsaxu-
rebian qalaqebisa da Temebis mosaxleo-
bas da avrceleben kulturul codnas
sxvadasxva samizne auditorias Soris9.
mogvianebiT, XX saukunidan, sul ufro
da ufro myarad mkvidrdeba azri imis
Taobaze, rom sauniversiteto muzeu-
mebi aramxolod warmatebiT aTavseben
samecniero da saganmanaTleblo saq-
mianobas, aramed SeswevT unari, Seas-
rulon mniSvnelovani roli sauniver-
siteto ganaTlebaSi, mecnierebis, kul-
turisa da xelovnebis ganviTarebaSic.
XXI saukuneSi sauniversiteto muzeume-
bi agrZeleben gansakuTrebuli rolis
Sesrulebas obieqtze orientirebul
swavlebaSi10 (tradicia, romelic sc-
deba boloniis universitetis Seqmnis
istoriis farglebs), da imavdroulad,
iTavseben mniSvnelovan socialur da
9
P.C. Ritterbush, Art and science as influences on the early
development of natural history collections. Proceedings of
the Biological Society of Washington 1969, gv. 84.
10
obieqtze orientirebuli swavleba/Ob-
ject-based learning (OBL) _ swavlebisadmi midgoma,
roca sakiTxis Rrmad Seswavlis gasaadvileb-
lad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva obieqtebi (sagne-
bi). rogorc wesi, meTodi moicavs saswavlo
sivrceSi studentebis muSaobas da kvlevas
fizikur artefaqtebTan mWidro kontaqtiT.
am SemTxvevaSi, obieqtebi gamoiyeneba ro-
gorc multisensoruli „azrovnebis instru-
mentebi“ _ swavlisa da studentTa CarTu-
lobis xelSesawyobad (avtoris SeniSvna).
175
kulturul funqciebs farTo sazoga-
doebisTvis _ warmoadgenen Ria insti-
tuciebs, romlebic myisierad pasuxoben
sazogadoebis kulturul moTxovneb-
sac. metic, sazogadoebisken mimarTuli
saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba dRes bevri
sauniversiteto muzeumis mier ganixi-
leba maTi misiis ganuyofel nawilad da
rig SemTxvevaSi, iTvaliswinebs Tanamed-
rove sabazro midgomebsac11; im garemoe-
baTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rom XXI saukunis
muzeumi ukve aRar kmayofildeba tra-
diciuli midgomebiT da Tavs aRar miiC-
nevs mxolod unikaluri nimuSebis saca-
vad an reprezentatorad, aramed xSirad
gardaiqmneba ideebis muzeumebad da
cdilobs maqsimalurad moergos audi-
toriis saWiroebebsa da moTxovnebs12.
UMAC-is monacemebiT, amJamad evropis
kontinentze sauniversiteto muzeume-
bisa da galereebis raodenoba 12.950-s
aWarbebs (evropaSi maTi gansakuTrebu-
li simravliT gamoirCeva didi britane-
Ti, sadac sxvadasxva profilis 400 sau-
niversiteto muzeumia), xolo amerikis
kontinentze _ 3500-s (maT Soris, aSS-Si
_ 1652). maTi koleqciebis simdidre da
mravalferovneba saocrad STambeWda-
via da moicavs bevr unikalur nivTier
mtkicebulebas sabunebismetyvelo Tu
humanitaruli, istoriuli mecniere-
bebisa da xelovnebis sferodan (sur. 5,
6, 7). aA mitomac, araerTi sauniversite-
to muzeumi Sesulia UNESCO-s msoflio
memkvidreobis nusxaSi: paduas univer-
siteti (Orto Botanico, italia), koimbras
universiteti (Universidade de Coimbra,
11
M. Lourenço, Contributions to the history of university
museums and collections in Europe, Museologia, vol. 3.
2004, gv. 17-26.
12
i. qaraia muzeologiis ganviTarebis Tana-
medrove Teoriuli da praqtikuli aspeqte-
bi, II samecniero konferenciis _ „kultura
da xelovneba“: kvleva da marTva“, masalebi,
baTumis xelovnebis saxelmwifo universi-
tetis gamocema, 2017, gv. 429.
176
portugalia), alkalas universiteti
(Universidad de Alcalá, espaneTi)13 da sxv.
msoflios sauniversiteto muzeume-
bis Sesaxeb informaciis moZiebis gaa-
dvilebis mizniT, UMAC-is mier Seiqm-
na monacemTa baza/Worldwide Database of
University Museums and Collections14, rome-
lic koleqciebisda mixedviT, moica-
vs 7 farTo da yovlismocvel Tematur
sferos, rac, Tavis mxriv, iyofa ufro
konkretul sagnebad da procentulad
Semdegnairad nawildeba:
• bunebis istoria da sabunebismetyve-
lo mecnierebebi (33.4%);
• kulturis istoria da xelovneba
(24.7%);
• mecniereba da teqnologiebi (14.2%);
• istoria da arqeologia (10.3%);
• medicina (10.1%);
• eTnologia da anTropologia (3.9%);
• sxva mecnierebebi (3.3%).
rogorc wesi, am koleqciebis klasifika-
cia emyareba disciplinur kriteriumebs
da artefaqtebis Taviseburebebs. Sesaba-
misad, UMAC-is monacemTa bazis mixedviT,
dRes sauniversiteto muzeumebs Sori-
saa istoriuli, tradiciuli da axali
tipis sxvadasxva muzeumebi: anatomiuri
Teatrebi da arqeologiuri muzeume-
bi, sabunebismetyvelo da xelovnebis
muzeumebi, istoriuli muzeumebi, pla-
netariumebi, agrokulturuli muzeu-
mebi, dendrariumebi (Arboretums/arbo-
retumebi) da akvariumebi, arqivebi da
saxl-muzeumebi, samecniero da xelovne-
bis centrebi, Tanamedrove xelovnebis
galereebi, saavadmyofoebTan arsebuli
muzeumebi, ekomuzeumebi, aseve speci-
fikuri koleqciebi, romlebic daculia
akademiur departamentebsa da institu-
ciebSi an universitetis biblioTekebSi.
13
http://umac.icom.museum/resources/universities-world
-heritage/
14
http://university-museums-and-collections.net/search
pirveli sauniversiteto muzeumis _
oqsfordis universitetis eSmolis
muzeumis gaxsnidan oTxi saukunis Sem-
deg, sauniversiteto muzeumebi dRes
ukve msxvil damoukidebel kulturul
centrebad gvevlinebian, romlebic same-
cniero da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas
warmatebiT uTavseben aqtualur so-
ciokulturul funqciasac. saamisod
„maT gaaCniaT instrumentebi _ aqvT
realuri sagnebi da laboratoriebi, hy-
avT WeSmariti mkvlevarebi, aqvT wvdoma
codnasTan, romlis produqti amJamad
iwarmoeba da amitom, nebismier sxva ins-
tituciasTan SedarebiT, imyofebian ga-
cilebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSi, raTa
asaxon koleqciebis dakompleqtebis,
Seswavlisa da interpretirebis rTuli
sakiTxebi Tanamedrove samecniero, ar-
tistul, kulturul masalebsa Tu ara-
materialur memkvidreobaSi“15.
u
U kanaskneli wlebis muzeologiuri
kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom im nivTebs da
koleqciebs, romlebic qmnian sauniver-
siteto muzeumebs (sur. 8, 9), udavod
gaaCniaT mdidari informacia da poten-
ciali sxvadasxva istoriebis Txrobis
TvalsazrisiT. sauniversiteto sivr-
ceSi organizebul mudmiv da droebiT
gamofenebze es koleqciebi warmoaCenen
specifikuri sagnebisa da discipline-
bis amsaxvel didaqtikur nimuSebs. ima-
vdroulad, xels uwyoben Tanamedrove
kvlevebs, gansakuTrebiT sabunebisme-
tyvelo mecnierebebis, xelovnebis, ar-
qeologiisa da istoriis mimarTulebiT,
aseve aqtiurad monawileoben im uni-
versitetis kulturuli memkvidreobis
formirebasa da asaxvaSi, romelsac Tvi-
Ton miekuTvnebian.
rac Seexeba kvleviT saqmianobas, magali-
Tad, miCiganis saxelmwifo universite-
15
M. Lourenço, Contributions to the history of uni-
versity museums and collections, Museologia, vol. 3.
2004, gv. 13.

tis mecnierebisa da kulturis muzeumis
praqtikiT, sauniversiteto muzeumSi
igi SeiZleba warimarTos sxvadasxva mi-
marTulebiT. kerZod, SeuTavsdes ro-
gorc swavlebas muzeologiis samagist-
ro programis studentebisaTvis, aseve
saganmanaTleblo muSaobas sxva momij-
nave da Tundac sabunebismetyvelo spe-
cialobebis studentTaTvis, romlebic
iReben faseul informacias aramxolod
muzeumSi dacul kulturul resurseb-
sa da samuzeumo saqmianobis specifikur
mxareebze, aramed muzeumis rolsa da ga-
vlenebze sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi16.
sauniversiteto muzeumebis avtorite-
ti mudam imdenad maRali iyo, rom be-
vri qveynis samecniero sazogadoebas
(sabunebismetyvelo, mineralogiuri,
geografiuli, istoriuli da sxv.) da
kerZo pirebs (mecenatebi, filanTrope-
bi, mecnierebi) araerTxel gadauciaT
saCuqrad maTTvis calkeuli samuzeu-
mo nivTebi Tu mTeli koleqciebi da
dRemde patronaJsac uweven. sauniver-
siteto muzeumebis arsebobis isto-
ria mraval aseT faqts afiqsirebs da
msgavsi praqtika dRemde grZeldeba. am
TvalsazrisiT, udavod sainteresoa ha-
meris muzeumi, romelic amJamad kali-
forniis universitetis (UCLA, los-an-
jelesi, aSS) SemadgenlobaSi Sedis da
erTdroulad warmoadgens samxatvro
muzeums da kulturis centrsac. cno-
bil amerikel mewarmes da qvelmoqmed
armand hamers17 (1898-1990) mudam surda,
16
http://museum.msu.edu/?q=node/3
17
armand hameri, romlis saxeli asocire-
buli iyo aSS erT-erT udides navTobkom-
paniasTan (Occidental Petroleum), farTo sazoga-
doebisaTvis cnobilia xelovnebis nimuSe-
bis koleqciiT, romlis nawili TbilisSic,
S. amiranaSvilis sax. xelovnebis muzeumSi
gamoifina 1986 wels saxelwodebiT `xuTi
saukunis Sedevrebi“. gamofenam didi inte-
resi gamoiwvia da warmoadgenda e. w. „blok-
basteruli“ gamofenis pirvel precedents
qarTul kulturul sivrceSi. armand hame-
177
rom mis mier wlebis manZilze Segrove-
buli koleqcia rac SeiZleba met ada-
mians enaxa. sakuTari nebis aRsrulebiT
da 1990 wels vestvudSi muzeumis gaxs-
niT hamerma erTgvarad gaagrZela aSS-
Si muzeumebis Seqmnis tradicia, roca
xelovnebis pirveli muzeumebi swored
mecenatTa kerZo koleqciebis safuZ-
velze fuZndeboda. 1994 wels, armand
hameris gardaicvalebidan (1990) ramde-
nime wlis Semdeg, hameris muzeumi, rom-
lis SemadgenlobaSi, sxva amerikuli
muzeumebis msgavsad, Sedioda kvlevi-
Ti centri, biblioTeka, wignis maRazia,
administraciuli ofisebi da Sida ezo,
kaliforniis universitets SeuerTda
griunvaldis grafikuli xelovnebis
centrsa18 da franklin merfis saxelo-
bis skulpturis baRTan19 erTad.
sauniversiteto sivrceSi integrire-
bis Semdeg h H ameris muzeumma (sur.10)
kidev ufro gaafarTova Tavisi moR-
vaweobis sfero da dRes sakmaod did
rols asrulebs kaliforniis univer-
sitetis inteleqtualur cxovrebaSi
_ warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze mniS-
vnelovan dawesebulebas los-anjele-
ris mier Segrovebuli koleqciis Semadgen-
loba xuT saukunes moicavs da aerTianebs
XV-XX saukuneebSi moRvawe amerikeli Tu
dasavleTevropeli mxatvrebis (rafaeli,
miqelanjelo, rembrandti, ticiani, ru-
bensi, goia, pikaso, Jan-batist koro, Saga-
li da sxv.) namuSevrebs, aseve, Tanamedrove
vizualuri xelovnebis, arqiteqturisa da
dizainis nimuSebs (avtoris SeniSvna).
18
UCLA Grunwald Center for the Graphic Art Seiqmna
1956 wels biznesmen fred griunvaldis mier
kaliforniis universitetisaTvis grafiku-
li namuSevrebis sakuTari koleqciis saCuq-
rad gadacemis safuZvelze. https://hammer.ucla.
edu/blog/2017/06/episode-1-who-was-fred-grunwald/
19
Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden at UCLA Seiqm-
na kaliforniis universitetis yofili kan-
cleris TaosnobiT (1967), romlis saxelsac
baRi atarebs. igi wamoadgens universitetis
qandakebebis koleqciis sacavs, sadac ganTa-
vsebulia al. kolderis, henri muris, ogiust
rodenis, xuan miros da sxvaTa namuSevrebi.
178
sis kulturul cxovrebaSi (muzeumis
vizitiorTa raodenoba weliwadSi 200
000-s aWarbebs). muzeumma saxeli gaiTqva
sxvadasxva tipis gamofenebisa da sazo-
gadoebaze orientirebuli specialuri
programebis simravliT: sauniversite-
to koleqciis mudmiv gamofenebTan er-
Tad, weliwadSi 20 masStaburi droebiTi
eqspozicia da 300 sxvadasxva xasiaTis
RonisZieba sazogadoebriv-saganmanaT-
leblo programebis, simpoziumebis, le-
qciebis, demonstrirebis, seminarebis,
vorkSopebis, koncertebisa da filmebis
Cvenebis CaTvliT, rac 2014 wlidan ufa-
soa muzeumis yvela vizitiorisaTvis.
tradiciulad, g G asul wlebSi hameris
muzeumi, sxva sauniversiteto muzeu-
mebis msgavsad, orientirebuli iyo
ufro im akademiuri sivrcis swavle-
biT gaTvaliswinebul programebsa da
koleqciebze, sadac TviTon arsebobs
(kaliforniis universiteti). istoriu-
li konteqstis mqone masalebis (sur.11)
eqsponirebasTan erTad (xelovnebis ni-
muSebis mudmivi gamofena aRorZinebis
xanidan XX saukunis CaTvliT), muzeumi
sagamofeno sivrces intensiurad uT-
mobs axalgazrda, naklebad cnobil
mxatvrebs sakuTari, xSirad sakmaod
ambiciuri proeqtebis, ideebisa Tu
koncefciebis gansaxorcieleblad da
farTo auditoriis winaSe warsadgenad.
vinaidan hameris muzeums miaCnia, rom
„xelovnebasa da axal ideebs SeuZliaT
gaaciskrovnon Cveni cxovreba da aaSe-
non ufro samarTliani msoflio“20.
2005 wlidan hameris muzeumTan moqmedi
art-rezidencia (sur.12) yovelwliu-
rad iwvevs 30 xelovans, mwerlebsa da
kreatiulad moazrovne axalgazrdebs
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan. muzeu-
mis sivrceSi muSaobis pirobebis Seqm-
nisa da sakuTari xelovnebis prezenta-
ciis garda, muzeumi rezidentebs uqmnis
SesaZleblobas gaecnon kaliforniis
20
https://hammer.ucla.edu
universitetis moRvaweobas leqcia-se-
minarebis, studentebsa da leqtoreb-
Tan Sexvedrebis organizebis, muzeumis
kuratorebTan mWidro TanamSromlobi-
sa da koleqciebis kvlevis meSveobiT21.
garda amisa, hameris saswavlo centri
(Hammer Study Hall) universitetis stu-
dentebisaTvis axorcielebs sxvadasxva
saxis specialur programebs, romelic
gansxvavebul aqtivobebs sTavazobs
maT. magaliTisaTvis, centris 2017 wlis
9 dekembris studenturi programis ga-
nacxadi ase gamoiyureba: studentebo,
modiT hameris saswavlo studiaSi! Cven
gvaqvs komfortuli garemo, rac auci-
lebelia produqtiuli swavlisaTvis,
aseve, SemogTavazebT ramdenime gasar-
Tob aqtivobas Tqveni gantvirTvisaT-
vis: Wi-Fi da eleqtronul saSualebaTa
SeuzRudavi raodenoba, Neuro-s ufaso
gamagrilebeli sasmelebi, wynari da
sasiamovno musika, hameris axalgazr-
debis mier SemuSavebuli art-breiqebi,
namcxvrebi an tortis naWrebi yavasTan
erTad ufasod kafe AMMO-dan22.
mravalricxovan da mravalferovan aq-
tivobaTa meSveobiT,H hameris muzeumi
warmatebiT axorcielebs sakuTar mi-
sias _ ganaviTaros xelovanTa kriti-
kuli roli kulturis, mecnierebisa da
sazogadoebis ganviTarebis yvela aspe-
qtSi. imadroulad, cdilobs iqces Ria
forumad kulturuli, politikuri da
socialuri problemebis kvlevisaTvis,
risTvisac, universitetis xelSewyobiT,
axorcielebs mravalricxovan sazoga-
doebriv-saganmanaTleblo programebs,
romelTa speqtri sakmaod farToa da
vizitiorebs maspinZlobs yoveldRe
(orSabaTis garda). es programebi moi-
cavs rogorc uSualod koleqciebTan
dakavSirebul aqtivobebs, aseve sxva-
dasxva tipis popularul RonisZiebebs,
21
https://hammer.ucla.edu/artist-residencies/
22
https://hammer.ucla.edu/PROGRAMS-EVENTS/2017/12
/DEFAULT-TITLE/

romlebic gamiznulia gansxvavebuli
kategoriis auditoriis interesebisa
da moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.
maT Sorisaa wignis klubi Libros Schmibros,
virtualuri TamaSebis festivali, me-
ditaciis yovelkvireuli programa,
„hameris saubrebi,“ romelic moicavs
avtoritetul kulturul, politikur
da inteleqtualur liderebTan dialo-
gs da did interess iwvevs ara mxolod
studentTa Soris, aramed farTo sazo-
gadoebaSic (magaliTad, 2003 wlis mart-
Si, uSualod siriis dabombvis Rames ha-
meris muzeumSi 2000 adamiani Seikriba
gor vidalis23 mosasmenad, romelic am
regionSi gaCaRebuli omis peripetiebze
saubrobda). muzeumi axorcielebs yo-
velwliur Ria sazafxulo koncertebis
serias, sabavSvo proeqtis farglebSi
yovelwliurad iwvevs cnobil los-an-
jelesel mxatvrebs vorkSopebis Casa-
tareblad, samuSao procesis CvenebiT
mozardebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis,
awyobs cnobil pirovnebaTa mier popu-
larul sabavSvo nawarmoebTa kiTxvis
saRamoebs galereis sivrceSi da sxv.
hameris muzeums ekuTvnis araerTi ini-
ciativa, romlebic kidev ufro zrdis
muzeumis (Sesabamisad, kaliforniis uni-
versitetis) mniSvnelobas da popula-
robas qalaqis (da aramxolod mis) kul-
turul sivrceSi. kerZod, 2014 wlidan
hameris muzeumis TaosnobiT dafuZn-
da los-anjelesel mxatvarTa bienale,
romlis programas SemdegSi SeuerTd-
nen mTeli kaliforniis Statis xelova-
nebic. hameris muzeumsa da xelovnebis
sxva galereebSi organizebuli gamofe-
nebis seriam da masTan dakavSirebulma
RonisZiebebma (satelituri gamofena,
hameris muzeumis mier dawesebuli mTa-
vari prizi daTvalierebaze gamarjvebu-
23
gor vidali (1925-2012) — cnobili ameri-
keli mwerali, kulturuli da politikuri
moRvawe.
179
li mxatvrisaTvis _ katalogis gamoce-
ma, fuladi jildo 100 000 aSS dolaris
odenobiT da sxv.) bienale maleve aqcia
Tanamedrove xelovnebis mravalfero-
vnebis demonstrirebis mniSvnelovan
da maRalkvalificiur platformad,
xolo los-anjelesi _ axali, ganviTa-
rebadi xelovnebis dedaqalaqad. hameris
muzeumis inicirebiTve, aseve gaimarTa
30 saukeTeso mxatvris gamofena veneciis
Boardwalk-Si, Mohn Family Foundation-Tan
TanamSromlobiT dawesda sami yovelw-
liuri jildo los-anjelesSi moRvawe
mxatvrebisaTvis: fondis premia (100 000
aSS dolari) da premia karieruli miRwe-
vebisaTvis (25 000 aSS dolari) gaicema
damoukidebeli profesiuli Jiuris ga-
dawyvetilebis safuZvelze, xolo premia
sazogadoebrivi aRiarebisaTvis (25 000
aSS dolari) mxatvars eniWeba muzeumis
auditoriis _ gamofenis vizitiorTa
sayovelTao gamokiTxvis safuZvelze24.
SesaZloa bevri ram im procesidan, rac
Tanamedrove sauniversiteto muzeumeb-
Si (da zogadad, msoflio samuzeumo si-
vrceSi) mimdinareobs, zogjer gaugebari
(an miuRebelic) iyos akademiuri sazoga-
doebis im nawilisaTvis, vinc orienti-
rebulia swavlebis tradiciul formeb-
sa da meTodebze, magram, „marketinguli
kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom amgvari progra-
mebis ganxorcieleba xels uwyobs xelo-
vnebis, mecnierebisa da TviT muzeumis
araelitarul aRqmas, amyarebs kavSirs
sazogadoebasTan da muzeums gardaqmnis
farTo auditoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan
da saWiro obieqtad, romelic cdilobs
gaaumjobesos komunikaciis saSualebe-
bi vizitioris codnis donisa da intere-
sebis gaTvaliswinebiT an gauRvivos maT
axali interesebi25“.
24
https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/?month=12
&day=15&year=2017
i. qaraia, saganmanaTleblo programebi aSS
25
muzeumebSi, Tsu, American Studies, V saerTaSo-
180
udavoa, muzeumebsa da universitetebs
Soris uwyveti urTierTkavSiri arse-
bobs muzeumebisa da TviT universitete-
bis formirebis periodidan. Sesabamisad,
wlebis ganmavlobaSi gansakuTrebuli
TanmimdevrulobiT xorcieldeboda ur-
TierTqmedeba studentebTan _ sauni-
versiteto muzeumebi orientirebulni
iyvnen akademiuri swavlebis programis
warmatebiT aTvisebasa da im unar-Cveve-
bis gamomuSavebaze, rac uzrunvelyof-
da studentTa profesiuli momzadebis
srulyofas arCeul specialobaSi, aseve,
asrulebda garkveuli saganmanaTleblo
centris rols mecnierebis sxvadasxva
dargSi codnis gavrcelebis mimarTu-
lebiT. dD a mainc, dRes ukve aSkaraa, rom
universitetisa da muzeumis urTierT-
qmedebis es xarisxi aRaraa sakmarisi da
saWiroebs konceftualur gadaazrebas
Tanamedrove samecniero poziciidan.
vinaidan, „sul ufro da ufro naTeli
xdeba cvlilebebi universitetebis ins-
tituciur kavSirSi sazogadoebasTan da
saxelmwifosTan, maTi sociokulturu-
li funqciis intensifikacia, saerTaSo-
riso da regionaluri urTierTqmede-
bebis sistema“26. mimdinareobs kvleviTi
problematikis ganaxleba, kompleqsur
interdisciplinarul mimarTulebaTa
aqtualizacia.
g
G lobalizacia ganapirobebs integra-
ciuli procesebis gaaqtiurebas mec-
nierebaSi, magram ar gamoricxavs masSi
mecnierTa individualur Tvalsazris-
sa da sxvadasxva samecniero skolebTan
dakavSirebuli tradiciebis diferen-
ciaciis arsebobas da ganviTarebas.
aqedan gamomdinare, materialur-teq-
nikuri da finansuri problemebis gar-
da, dRes sauniversiteto muzeumebi
riso konferenciis masalebis krebuli, Tb.,
2008, gv. 415
26
Б.Б. Пиотровский, Эрмитаж: История и коллекции, М.,
1980. gv. 16.
araerTi mniSvnelovani gamowvevis win-
aSe dganan. samuzeumo saqmis eqspertTa
azriT, maT Soris upirveles problemad
miiCneva muzeumebisa da maTi mSobliuri
instituciebis urTierTmimarTebis sa-
kiTxebi. kerZod:
• sauniversiteto muzeumebis umrav-
lesobaTa gamofenebi dRes xSirad
mxolod mcire narativs iZleva maT
warsul Tu amJamindel kavSirze
mSobliur universitetTan. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom am muzeumebis saqmiano-
ba mimarTulia ama Tu im sagnis an dis-
ciplinis istoriis progresisaken, am
procesSi TviT universitetis mniS-
vnelovani roli xSirad saTanadod
ar fasdeba an TiTqos saerTod ar
arsebobs. maSin, roca es koleqciebi
(codnis specifikuri materialuri
mtkicebulebebi) ZiriTadad eyrd-
noba maT instituciaSi dagrovil
gamocdilebas, „warmoadgenen sauni-
versiteto kvlevis Sedegebs, rasac
Tanamedrove samyaros uamrav garR-
vevasa da aRmoCenamde mivyavarT“27;
• Tavis mxriv, isic aSkaraa, rom xSi-
rad TviT universitetebi da sxva
steikholderebic ver acnobiereben
sauniversiteto sivrceSi arsebuli
muzeumis Tanamedrove rols maTi
instituciis ganviTarebaSi, radgan,
rogorc wesi, xSirad miiCneven mas
mxolod Zveli da adreuli, Tundac
unikaluri koleqciebis sacavad;
• gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 1980-1990-
ian wlebSi evropis universitetebSi
ganxorcielebul umaRlesi ganaT-
lebis struqturul Zvrebs Sedegad
mohyva cvlilebebi sauniversiteto
muzeumebSic, radgan es koreqtire-
ba daemTxva cvlilebebs obieqtze
orientirebul swavlebebSi. studen-
tTa swavleba Seicvala rogorc Si-
27
Kozak Z. R., The Role of University Museums and Her-
itage in the 21st Century, The Museum Review, Volume1,
Number 1, 2016, gv.4 .

naarsiT, ise meTodologiurad, ris
gamoc Zveli koleqciebis kvlevis in-
teresebma ukana planze gadainacvla
da maTi gamoyenebac saTuo aRmoCnda;
• mas Semdeg, rac universitetebma gaa-
farToves axali kvlevebi da aqcenti
gadaitanes masTan dakavSirebul obie-
qtebze, sazogadoebaSi gaCnda kiTxve-
bi ara mxolod sauniversiteto kole-
qciebis, aramed TviT muzeumebis Ta-
namedrove rolTan dakavSirebiTac.
1980-iani wlebis krizisis Semdeg, uni-
versitetis muzeumebi „iZulebulni
arian“ daarwmunon TavianTi mSobliu-
ri dawesebulebebi maTi koleqciebis
faseulobasa da aqtualurobaSi ro-
gorc universitetis Sida sivrceSi,
aseve sazogadoebaSic, risTvisac maT
sakmaod didi Zalisxmeva uwevT;
• amasTan, Catarebuli kvlevebi cxa-
dyofs, rom universitetebTan ar-
sebul bevr muzeums xSirad ar aqvs
mkafiod Camoyalibebuli sakuTari
miznebi da faseulobebi, ar gaaCnia
zustad gansazRvruli Sidasauni-
versiteto funqcia da misia, romlis
formulirebam universiteti da far-
To sazogadoeba unda daarwmunos
maTi arsebobis aucileblobaSi.
aA seve, gasaTvaliswinebelia is gare-
moebac, rom karga xania (XX saukunis
meore naxevridan), msoflio samuzeu-
mo Tanamegobroba msjelobs muzeume-
bis Tanamedrove rolze sociumis gan-
viTarebaSi da Tavis mxriv, SeTanxmda,
rom zogadad, muzeumis profesio-
nalebs mTel msoflioSi sWirdebaT
gacilebiT meti unarebis ganviTareba
sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. saamisod:
• muzeumis profesionalebma unda mo-
usminon im sazogadoebas, romel-
sac emsaxurebian da gaanalizon misi
moTxovnebi;
• maT unda ganaaxlon TavianTi codna
da gadaaxalison sakuTari gamocdi-
leba, xedva da faseulobebi;
181
• muzeumis profesionalebi unda ic-
nobdnen axal tendenciebs da ideebs,
raTa SeiZinon axali kompetenciebi,
iyvnen inspirirebulni, rac uzrun-
velyofs mudmiv CarTulobas sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi da Sesabamisad,
xels Seuwyobs muzeumebis socialu-
ri funqciis amaRlebas.
zemoaRniSnulidan aSkaraa, rom, imi-
saTvis, raTa gaxdnen aqtualurebi,
instituciuri memkvidreobis gacno-
bierebasTan erTad, aucilebelia cv-
lilebebi sauniversiteto muzeume-
bis moRvaweobaSic _ isini unda gar-
daiqmnan cocxal, dinamikur organiz-
mebad da TavianTi aqtivobebi unda ga-
naviTaron XXI saukunis sazogadoebis
mzardi moTxovnebis Sesabamisad28, im
garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rom:
• sauniversiteto muzeumebis poten-
ciali gansxvavdeba sxva tipis muzeu-
mebisagan, radgan masSi daculi kole-
qciebi Sedgeba erT-erTi yvelaze
Zveli, iSviaTi da gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis mqone sagnebisagan _
warmoadgens swavlebisa da codnis
im progresis materialur mtkice-
bulebas, rac, institucionaluri
memkvidreobis TvalsazrisiT, Sida
faseulobaa maTi mSobliuri univer-
sitetisaTvis, xolo farTo sazo-
gadoebisaTvis iZens didaqtikur da
kulturul mniSvnelobas;
• institucionaluri memkvidreobis
aRiarebis, Seswavlisa da gamosafe-
nad sworad SerCevis gziT, sauniver-
siteto muzeumebs SeuZliaT iqcnen
sxva muzeumebisgan gansxvavebul si-
vrceebad, risTvisac, aucilebelia,
universitetebma „uzrunvelyon sa-
28
i. qaraia muzeologiis ganviTarebis Ta-
namedrove Teoriuli da praqtikuli aspe-
qtebi, II samecniero konferencia „kultura
da xelovneba“: kvleva da marTva“, masalebi,
baTumis xelovnebis saxelmwifo universi-
tetis gamocema, 2017, gv. 430.
182
zogadoebasTan mWidro urTierToba
maTi gare imijis Sesaqmnelad29;“
• „sammagi misiis“ (kvleva, swavleba
da interpretacia) uzrunvelyofis
garda, institucionaluri memkvid-
reobis aRiarebam sauniversiteto
muzeumebs SeiZleba Seuqmnas Sesa-
Zlebloba Seasrulon axali, gark-
veuli samewarmeo rolic, rac uSu-
alod daukavSirdeba maT mSobliur
institucias;
• aucilebelia koleqcionirebisa da
gamofenebis organizebisadmi pro-
gresuli midgoma, rac pozitiurad
imoqmedebs ara mxolod sauniversi-
teto muzeumis, aramed TviT univer-
sitetis ara-arqaul, aRqmaze, romel-
sac SeuZlia swavleba ganavrcos Sua
saukuneebis tradiciebis SeTavsebiT
Tanamedrove kvlevebSi monawileo-
basTan, rac, Tavis mxriv, adreuli
fondebis aRiarebasTan erTad, sau-
niversiteto muzeumsac gardaqmnis
aqtualur instituciad.
sauniversiteto muzeumebisa da
galereebis yuradReba imTaviTve
koncentrirebuli iyo kuratorul
kvlevebsa da istoriuli mexsierebis
Semcveli, paraduli, dekoratiuli
Tu didaqtikuri koleqciebis eqspo-
nirebaze. mecnierTaTvis es koleq-
ciebi warmoadgenda faseul kvleviT
resursebs, xolo studentebisaTvis
_ dasvenebis adgils da uqmnida maT
swavlis, vizualuri codnis, kriti-
kuli azrovnebisa da Semoqmedebi-
Ti unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis Sesa-
Zleblobebs. magram, rogorc arsebu-
li situacia cxadyofs, Tanamedrove
sauniversiteto muzeumebs mouwevT
gardaqmnan TavianTi saqmianoba XXI
saukunis sazogadoebis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad, rac saTanadod unda ai-
29
P. Boylan, Universities & Museums: past, present and
future. Museum Management and Curatorship, 18/1, 1999,
gv. 53.
saxos maT moqnil misiaSic. rogorc
magaliTad, oqsfordis universite-
tis eSmolis muzeumis xelovnebisa
da arqeologiis misias da faseulo-
bebs30 warmoadgens:
• viyoT msoflioSi saukeTeso xelo-
vnebisa da arqeologiis sauniversi-
teto muzeumi.
• mudmivad eWvqveS davayenoT is, rasac
vakeTebT da mTavar gamowvevad miviC-
nioT am samuSaos ukeT Sesruleba;
• viyoT inteleqtualurad ambiciure-
bi da Tanmimdevrulebi;
• auditoriisaTvis Cveni koleqciebis
gacnobis uzrunvelvyofam (rogorc
muzeumSi, aseve internetSi) Seqm-
nas meti inspiraciis SesaZlebloba,
iyos gacilebiT ufro sasargeblo da
mniSvnelovani;
• viyoT swavlebisa da kvlevis Zlieri
centri:
• maqsimalurad gamoviyenoT Cveni uni-
versiteti da xeli SevuwyoT mis mier
Cvens maqsimalurad gamoyenebas.
ukanasknel wlebSi, msoflio samuzeumo
Tanamegobroba gansakuTrebul yurad-
Rebas amaxvilebs muzeumebis (maT Soris,
sauniversiteto muzeumebis) rolze sa-
zogadoebis mdgrad ganviTarebaSi, maT
funqciebsa da gamowvevebze Tanamed-
rove cvalebad samyaroSi31. am sakiTxebs
eZRvneba muzeumis yovelwliuri saer-
TaSoriso dRis (18 maisi) Temebi, saer-
TaSoriso forumebi da konferenciebi,
sadac mimdinareobs diskusiebi sazo-
gadoebisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvne-
lobis sxvadasxva problemis gadaWraSi
muzeumis CarTulobis gzebze. magali-
Tad, ICOM-is mier 2016 wlis muzeumis
saerTaSoriso dRisaTvis SerCeul Te-
mas warmoadgenda „muzeumebi da kul-
30
https://www.ashmolean.org/about
31
http://network.icom.museum/imd2012/imd-2012/mu-
seums-in-a-changing-world/

turuli landSaftebi“. Sesabamisad, am
dReebSi msoflios muzeumebis TiTqmis
yvela gamofena, saganmanaTleblo pro-
grama da konferencia eZRvneboda kul-
turuli landSaftebis interpreta-
ciis sakiTxebs, aseve, muzeumebis misiis
gaazrebas maTi dacvisa da ganviTarebis
sakiTxebSi. milanSi gamarTuli ICOM-
is 24-e generaluri konferenciisa da
31-e generaluri asambleis (2016 wlis
3-6 ivlisi) Temasac „muzeumebi da kul-
turuli landSaftebi“ warmoadgenda
da ICOM-is 31 saerTaSoriso komitetis,
maT Soris UMAC-is (sauniversiteto
muzeumebisa da koleqciebis saerTa-
Soriso komiteti) konferenciebic fo-
kusirebuli iyo im rolis gaanalizeba-
ze, rac muzeums ekisreba kulturuli
landSaftebis Seswavlis, dacvis, popu-
larizaciisa da ganviTarebis saqmeSi.
UMAC-is konferenciis Tematika moica-
vda Semdeg sadiskusio sakiTxebs: ro-
gor unda Seuwyon xeli sauniversiteto
muzeumebma kulturuli landSaftebis
Seswavlas? rogoria maTi wvlili war-
sulis landSaftebis analizSi? rogor
SevinarCunoT kulturuli landSaf-
tebi? SeuZlia Tu ara sauiniversiteto
koleqciebze dafuZnebul samecniero
da pedagogiur saqmianobas xeli Seuwyos
kulturuli landSaftis Tanamedrove
da samomavlo saxis formirebas, aseve
mis ganviTarebas? ra meTodebiT axdenen
gavlenas sauniversiteto koleqciebi
garemomcvel kulturul landSaftze
rogorc universitets SigniT, aseve
mis farglebs gareT? SeuZliaT Tu ara
sauniversiteto muzeumebs moeqcnen
virtualuri kulturuli landSaftis
farglebSi?32
Temis aqtualuroba ganapiroba ukanas-
kneli wlebis msoflio ekologiurma
krizisma, saidanac erT-erT SesaZlo ga-
32
http://umac.icom.museum/activities/conferences/
183
mosavlad miCneulia unikaluri kultu-
ruli landSaftebis aRdgena, dacva da
ganviTareba33. amitomac, „am Temis inter-
pretacia muzeumebisTvis (maT Soris
sauniversiteto muzeumebisaTvisac)
warmoadgens rogorc SesaZleblobas,
aseve gamowvevas, radgan maT mouwevT
axleburad gaiazron sakuTari misia da
gazardon instituciis kulturul-so-
cialuri roli“34. ICOM-is 31-e generalu-
ri asambleis mier miRebuli rezolucia
muzeumebs akisrebs garemomcveli kul-
turuli landSaftebis ganviTarebisaT-
vis xelSewyobis pasuxismgeblobas maTi
codnisa da kompetenciis farglebSi.
aucilebeli da sasurvelia, msoflio
samuzeumo Tanamegobrobis mier nakisri
pasuxismgeblobebi saTanadod gaiTavi-
son Cveni qveynis muzeumebmac (maT So-
ris saqarTvelos sauniversiteto sivr-
ceSi arsebulma xuTma muzeummac. pir-
vel rigSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxat-
vro akademiis muzeumma), sadac daculia
moZravi kulturuli memkvidreobis
bevri unikaluri nimuSi, romlebic fas-
daudebel informacias Seicavs qveynis
mravalferovani kulturis Seswavlisa
da kvlevisaTvis. miT umetes, saqarT-
velo warmoadgens kulturuli da is-
toriuli lanSaftebis qveyanas, sadac
saukuneTa manZilze, msoflios xalxTa
sxva jgufebis msgavsad, qarTvelebmac
Seqmnes TavianTi garemo _ kulturuli
landSaftebi, romlebic bunebriv gare-
mosTan erTad, moicavs istoriul ad-
gilebs, nagebobebs da sxva kulturul
RirsSesaniSnaobebs35.
33
http://whc.unesco.org/en/culturallandscape/
34
iQ . qaraia, muzeumebi da kulturuli lan-
Saftebi, III samecniero konferenciis masa-
lebi, Tb., 2016, gv. 87.
35
I. Karaia, The role of university museums in the study
of cultural landscapes, 16th Annual UMAC Conference
University museums, collections, and cultural landscapes,
book of abstracts, Libraria Editrice Universita di Padova
(Italy), 2016, gv. 47.
184
e
E s magaliTi da sazogadoebaze orienti-
rebuli sxva programebi cxadyofs, rom
dRes samuzeumo sivrceSi, iseve, rogorc
TviT universitetebSi (samecniero-sa-
ganmanaTleblo kompleqsebSi), mimdina-
reobs mniSvnelovani struqturuli
cvlilebebi. maTi gare modifikaciis
mravalferovnebis miRma Zevs gacile-
biT Rrma, zogadi da saerTo procesebi,
romlebic meTodologiuri transfor-
maciis xasiaTisaa 36 da asaxvas poulobs
sxvadasxva muzeologiur kvlevebSi. am
konteqstSi msoflios bevri universi-
tetis mier muzeummcodneoba (muzeo-
logia)37 ganixileba rogorc mudmivad
ganviTarebadi interdisciplinaruli
mecniereba, rac vlindeba iseT mecnie-
rebaTa meTodologiuri principebis
gamoyenebaSi, rogoricaa istoria, her-
menevtika, kulturologia, pedagogika,
fsiqologia, aqsiologia, gnoseolo-
gia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, litera-
turaTmcodneoba, lingvistika da a.
S. amitomac, 1970-ian wlebSi ICOFOM-is
(muzeologiis saerTaSoriso komiteti)
iniciativiT, muzeologia aRiarebuli
iqna sauniversiteto disciplinad da
CarTulia bevri universitetis saswa-
vlo programaSi, maT Soris, lesteris
(sur. 13), manCesteris, londonis (didi
britaneTi) universitetebSi, romelTa
mier SemuSavebuli meTodologiuri sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi warmatebiT gamoiye-
neba analogiuri kursis (Museum Study)
mqone msoflios yvela universitetSi.
36
P. Boylan, Universities & Museums: past, present and
future, gv. 45
37
muzeologia/muzeummcodneoba
Museology) warmoadgens samecniero discip-
linas, romelic ikvlevs muzeumebis ganvi-
Tarebis istorias, samuzeumo saqmis Teo-
rias da meTodologias, muzeumis socialur
funqciebs, sakuTari kulturuli memkvid-
reobisadmi sazogadoebis damokidebulebis
aspeqtebs, aseve, am memkvidreobis gavlenas
Tanamedrove sociokulturul realobaze.
es garemoeba didwilad gamiznulia,
erTi mxriv, muzeumis fenomenis univer-
salobis gaazrebisaTvis, meore mxriv,
sauniversiteto ganaTlebis ganviTa-
rebisa da srulyofisaTvis, raTa tra-
diciulad Rrma, fundamenturi da sis-
temuri codnis miRebasTan erTad, Sei-
qmnas swrafad cvalebad samyaroze ade-
qvaturad reagirebis SesaZleblobac.
vinaidan, „muzeumis, rogorc ideebisa
da warmodgenebis sistemis roli erov-
nuli identobis, eTnikur, kulturul
da politikur ganzomilebebSi sakuTa-
ri erovnebisadmi damokidebulebisa da
aseve adamianTa TviTidentobis formi-
rebaSi, dRes aRiarebulia yvela muzeo-
logisa Tu kulturologis mier“38.
bunebrivia, Tanamedrove samyaroSi ar-
sebuli sociokulturuli situacia
garkveul cvlilebebs iTxovs muzeum-
mcodneobis swavlebis procesSic (sa-
bakalavro da samagistro programebis
doneze), ris gamoc,A Sinaarsis cvlile-
basTan erTad, muzeologiur ganaTle-
baSi gaCnda sakmaod specifikuri amoca-
nebi, romelTa ganxorcielebaSi aqtiu-
rad SeiZleba CaerTos sauniversiteto
muzeumebis resursebic. es muzeumebi
TavianTi adgil-mdebareobiT dakavSi-
rebulni arian universitetebTan, ro-
melTa sivrce emsaxureba ara mxolod
samecniero sazogadoebas _ studen-
tebsa da TanamSromlebs, aramed qala-
qisa da regionis mTel mosaxleobas39 da
Sesabamisad, iZenen mravalSriani saswa-
vlo sivrcis, aseve, kulturuli cent-
38
T. Šola, „What is museology?  Papers in Museology, 1,
(ingl. Stockholm, 1992, gv. 49.
39
magaliTad, miCiganis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis muzeumis misiiT, miCiganis Statis
teritoriaze mdebareoba mas avaldebu-
lebs sakuTari koleqciebi, saganaTleblo
programebi, gamofenebi, kvleva sazoga-
doebas warudginos garesamyarosTan miCi-
ganis mimarTebis WrilSi. http://museum.msu.
edu/?q=node/3
 185

ris mniSvnelobas _ centrisa, sadac kulturuli cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferos

urTierTqmedeba mimdinareobs.
am konteqstidan gamomdinare, sauniversiteto muzeumi unikaluria sakuTari
mravalfunqciurobiT da warmoadgens xelmisawvdom sivrces kvleviTi da sagan-
manaTleblo saqmianobisaTvis. amasTan, igi axdens ara marto mSobliuri univer-
sitetis farglebSi mimdinare samecniero saqmianobisa da miRwevebis demonstri-
rebas, aramed waradgens institucionalur memkvidreobas rogorc Sidasauniver-
siteto sivrceSi, aseve mis potenciur samizne auditoriasTan; magaliTad, e. w.
milenialebTan (ingl. Millennials anu mileniumis Taoba warmoadgens 1981-dan 2000
wlis dasawyisSi dabadebulTa, 18-35 wlis asakis axalgazrdebis Taobas, romlebic
ZiriTadad socialuri qselebis _ Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram da sxvaTa meS-
veobiT iReben informacias gare samyaroze), romlebic dRes arian universitetis
studentebi (sur. 14), surT hqondeT wvdoma mis SinaarsTan eqspertul doneze da
xSirad ar cnoben institucionalur avtoritetebs, aqtiurad ganixilaven maT
upiratesobebsa da naklovanebebs. sagulisxmoa, rom „msoflios wamyvani kompa-
niebi (da maT Soris muzeumebic) cdiloben am samizne auditoriis aTvisebas mile-
nialebis survilebisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT da maTze morgebiT, orien-
tirebulni arian milenialebTan megobruli urTierTobebis damyarebasa da maTi
specifikuri moTxovnebis prognozirebaze sakuTari auditoriis gafarToebis
mizniT“40. gamomdinare im garemoebidan, rom XXI saukunis muzeumi aRar kmayofil-
deba tradiciuli midgomebiT da Tavs aRar miiCnevs mxolod unikaluri nimuSebis
sacavad an reprezentatorad, aramed xSirad gardaiqmneba ideebis muzeumebad da
cdilobs maqsimalurad moergos auditoriis saWiroebebsa da moTxovnebs.
rogor miusadagos sauniversiteto muzeumma Tavisi saqmianoba mSobliur uni-
versitets, romelic warmoadgens dinamikur da mudmivad ganviTarebad institu-
cias? rogor daikavos Rirseuli adgili mis sivrceSi? rogor asaxavs muzeumis
eqspozicia universitetis Sinaarss da miRwevebs, an rogor gvevlineba misi imijis
xelSemwyob faqtorad? rogor asrulebs muzeumi sakuTar misias da rogor usa-
dagebs mas universitetis strategiul ganviTarebas? rogor iyenebs muzeumi uni-
versitetis resursebs da ramdenad uwyobs xels mis mier muzeumis maqsimalurad
gamoyenebas? muSaobs Tu ara muzeumi inovaciuri da kreatiuli ideebis waxalise-
bis mimarTulebiT? ramdenad pasuxobs muzeumi farTo sazogadoebis sul ufro da
ufro mzard moTxovnebs? da a. S. esaa kiTxvebi, razec pasuxi unda gaeces sauniver-
siteto muzeumis mier. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi ver SeZlebs akademiur sivrcesa
da sazogadoebaSi im misiis efeqturad ganxorcielebas, rac Tanamedrove muzeums
ekisreba bunebrivi da istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebisa da in-
terpretaciis, aseve, sazogadoebis harmoniuli da mdgradi ganviTarebis saqmeSi.

l. qaraia, mileniumis Taoba da muzeumebi, III samecniero konferenciis masalebi, saqar-

40

Tvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagentos gamocema, Tb., 2016, gv. 78.
186

Inga (Klara) Karaia

Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Role of University Museums in Academic Teaching

and Development of the Society

A university museum represents significant educational resource-center for the high education institu-
tions which aim at getting maximum results during the process of learning and research, as well as
attracting new audiences not only from the regions but abroad as well. Correspondingly in addition to
protecting of various types of collections these kinds of museums have a unique opportunity to serve as
a platform in terms of knowledge and science interpretation.
Since opening of the first university museum (Ashmolean Museum at the Oxford University, 1682) during
four centuries of their existence similar institutions are involved in numerous activities including collect-
ing, research, teaching, displaying and interpretation. The contemporary university museums represent
powerful independent scientific, learning and education centers, which not only successfully complete the
scientific and educational activities but also have important socio-cultural function as well. Nowadays
practices of the university museums (there are more than 12,950 university museums only in Europe)
confidently prove their huge role not only in the higher education but generally in the development of
culture and art too.
Today university museums face an important challenge as their collections house specific tangible evi-
dences of experiences collected in their “parent” institutions. It is clear that often the universities or other
stakeholders were not able to acknowledge the role of the university museums in the development of
higher education institutions and in fact, of the society. In order to remain important and worthy along
with acknowledgment of the institutional heritage it is also necessary to incorporate changes in the ac-
tivities of the university museums as well. They must be transformed into the lively, dynamic bodies; their
activities have to develop in response to the growing needs of 21st century society.
 187

1. Theatrum anatomicum/anatomiuri Teatri, leidenis universiteti (niderlandebi), XVII s-is graviura

Theatrum anatomicum, Leiden University, Netherlands, engraving of the 17Th c.

2. oqsfordis universitetis eSmolis muzeumi, graviura, 1845, © Oxford University

Ashmolean museum of Oxford University, Gravure, 1845, © Oxford University
188

3. oqsfordis universitetis pedagogebi da studentebi muzeumSi (didi britaneTi), 1884

Oxford University students and teachers at the museum, Great Britain, 1884

4. oqsfordis universitetis eSmolis muzeumis mudmivi eqspozicia (didi britaneTi)

Permanent exhibition of the Ashmolean museum at the Oxford University, Great Britain, © Oxford University
 189

5. miunxenis samxatvro akademiis muzeumi (germania)

Museum of the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, Germany

6. harvardis universitetis xelovnebis muzeumi (aSS), © Jim Harrison

Art Museum of the Harvard University, USA, © Jim Harrison
190

7. londonis universitetis Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumi (didi britaneTi)

Contemporary Art Museum of the London University, Great Britain

8. londonis universitetis muzeumebi, ideebis prezentacia (didi britaneTi)

Presentation of ideas at the London University Museums, Great Britain, © London University Museums
 191

9. tartus universitetis istoriis muzeumi (estoneTi)

History Museum of the Tartu University, Estonia

10. kaliforniis universitetis hameris muzeumi (los anjelesi, aSS)

Hammer Museum of the California University, Los Angeles, USA
192

11. kaliforniis universitetis hameris muzeumi (los anjelesi, aSS)

Hammer Museum of the California University, Los Angeles, USA

12. art-rezidencia kaliforniis universitetis hameris muzeumSi

Art-residency at the Hammer Museum of the California University, Los Angeles, USA
 193

15. muzeologiis virtualuri samagistro programa lesteris universitetSi (didi britaneTi)

Virtual MA Program of Museology at the Leicester University, Great Britain

16. milenialebi getis muzeumSi (aSS)

Millennials at the Getty Museum, USA
194

mariam daviTaSvili
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

kvleviTi proeqti _ pioltelo, jovani anCeskis meTodis

gamoyenebiT*

gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi, frangma struqturalistma filosofosma, Jak

lakanma Tavisi axali Teoria sam nawilad dahyo da Seusabama maT saxelwodebebi:
warmosaxviTi, simboluri da realuri1. adamianis azrovnebaSi warmoqmnils man
uwoda warmosaxviTi, mis gareT arsebuls-realuri. aA m ori mediumis damakavSire-
bels, enas ki _ simboluri. lakanis triadaSi rolebi martivadaa gadanawilebuli
_ adamianis tvini qmnis warmosaxviT raobas, romelic simboluri mediumis, enis
saSualebiT iTargmneba realur gare samyaroSi, an piriqiT, realuri gare samyaro
aisaxeba adamianis warmosaxvaSi enis gziT.
Jak lakanis filosofiur triadas ganvixilav cifrul fotografiasa da augmen-
tur realobasTan mimarTebaSi.
slovenielma fsiqoanalitikosma slavoi JiJekma 50 wlis Semdeg, lakanis triadis
TiToeul segments epoqis yvelaze popularuli sityva `virtualuri“ daumata da
axali triada miiRo. JiJeki Seecada lakanis klasifikacia cifruli samyarosTvis
miesadagebina, risTvisac mas sul erTi, umniSvnelo sityvis damateba dasWirda,
raTa naTlad eCvenebina is gardasaxva, romelic naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi
ganxorcielda.
Tu Tanamedrove teqnologiebis mkvlevarebs davujerebT, paradigma kvlav ic-
vleba, oRond amjerad realobis teqnologiuri zrdis xarjze.
Cven droSi (Augmented) – inglisurad „damatebiTi“ aris is saxlewodeba, romelic
Tanamedrove teqnomanebma gansazRvres. lakanis da JiJekis klasifikacias Tu ga-
vagrZelebT, SegviZlia imis Tqma, rom „damatebiTi realoba“ aris yvelaferi is,
rasac aRviqvamT ara salaparako enis, rogorc simboluri mediumis, aramed damx-
mare mowyobilobebis saSualebiT2.
aRniSnul Temaze samuSaod milanis politeqnikur universitetSi gavecani Zalian
saintereso meTods, romelic italieli dizaineris jovani anCeskis wignSi „L’ogget-
to della raffigurazione“ aris warmodgenili.
sawyisi etapi proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad, warmoadgens Tavad ideas, romelic
abstraqtulad arsebobs adamianis warmosaxvaSi. aucilebelia adamianma daiwyos
Canaxatebis, monaxazebis, sqemebis sxvadasxva variantebis momzadeba da gaiazros
sakuTari idea d D a materialuri gaxados is. rodesac idea garkveul etapze iqneba
gamokveTili, amis Semdeg unda moxdes ideis gansxeuleba, gardaqmna sxeulebri-
vad –anCeskis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am process hqvia „uxilavis Cveneba“ – „Mostrare
l’invisibile“3 (sur.1).
1
* ganasakuTrebuli madloba milanis politeqnikur universitets
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lacan/#RegThe
2
http://www.lacan.com/essays/?page_id=454
3
L’oggetto della raffigurazione,  Giovanni Anceschi, 1992

mosamzadebeli samuSao
mosamzadebel procesSi unda moxdes
sqemebis, mapingis Teoriuli gaazreba
da detalebis dazusteba. amisTvis ga-
moiyeneba geometriis sxvadasxva meTo-
debi: aqsonometria, perspeqtivi. obi-
eqtis gamosaxva unda moxdes: fronta-
lurad, profilurad, zedxedSi. aseve
dazustdes obieqtis yvela detali.
niSnebi
ideis gamosaxvisTvis erT-erTi sasur-
veli meTodia kontrastis Cveneba. mox-
des garkveuli zonis, kodis, elemente-
bis kontrastuli gansxvavebebis war-
moCena (sur. 2,3.). ganisazRvros sivrci-
Ti niSnebi, gamoikveTos niSanTa alego-
riuli elementebi: piqtograma, logo-
grama, grafikuli sistemebi, ideograma,
fonograma, anbani – rogorc niSanTa
sistema (sur. 2,3.).
Capire –gaazreba, mixvedra
rodesac dazustdeba sqemebi, niSanTa
sistemebi da ideis yvela SesaZlo de-
tali, Semdeg etapze iwyeba aRmoCena,
Seswavla, povna, siRmiseuli wvdoma, jo-
vani anCeskis sityvebiT rom avRniSnoT,
unda gaxde konan doili, Serlok holm-
si, froidi – iwyeba kvlevis procesi.
es etapi aris saSualeba, gaigo _ Capire,
anu mianiWo sagnebs gansazRvruli adgi-
li am axali codnisTvis. eE s Tema moica-
vs iseT terminebs, rogoricaa Sinagani
distancia, momavlis perspeqtiva, men-
taluri forma. sasurvelia grZnobde
sivrces, dinamikas, lokacias, pozicias,
kompozicias. mTlianobaSi SeigrZnobde
samyaros qoreografias (sur.4).
teqsti da gamosaxuleba
gamosaxulebis mTavari taqsonomiis-
Tvis (klasifikaciisTvis) mTavaria te-
qstobrivi, verbaluri sistemebi kar-
gad iyos gamosaxulebasTan, ilustra-
ciasTan dakavSirebuli. teqstualuri
195
aluziis vizualur sistemasTan kavSirs
SeiZelba ikonogenia vuwodoT.
taqsonomia SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos
istoriul konteqstSi, mxatvrulad, pro-
eqtis saxiT, teqnikurad, anTropolo-
giurad an fsiqologiuri kvlevis saxiT.
umTavresi amocana aris saboloo miz-
nis miRweva – sagnis universalurobis
danaxva, mTlianobaSi aRqma, mTlianobis
miRweva. mocemuli etapebiT miaRwio
mTavar mizans. w
D ignSi mocemulia samy-
aros mTlianobis ilustraciebi (sur.5).
kvleviTi proeqti
proeqtisTvis SevarCie milanis erT-er-
Ti gareubani – pioltelo. sivrcis mT-
lianobaSi aRqmisTvis internetidan mo-
vniSne ruka da avRniSne ramdenime punq-
ti: avtobusis gaCereba, supermarketi,
kinoTeatri, eklesia.
proeqtisTvis samuSao formatSi war-
modgenilia: foto, video fragmentebi,
3600-iani fotografia, xma, teqsturi
fragmentebi. radgan fotografs dak-
virvebis procesSi mxolod erTi xedvi-
Ti centri aqvs, SevecadeT, es xedviTi
centri mxolod erTi wertilidan da-
fiqsirebuli ar yofiliyo.
quCebi
gegmis Tanaxmad, daviwye am teritoriis
fotografireba da Zalian ucnairad mo-
meCvena, rom adamianebi TiTqmis ar moZ-
raoben quCaSi: arc samuSao dReebSi da
arc SabaT-kviras. es iyo gansacvifrebe-
li sicariele. pioltelo Sedgeba 2 nawi-
lisgan: axali da Zveli pioltelo, magram
sicariele yvelgan SesamCnevia (sur.10.).
gadaviRe 3600-isiani xedebi (sur.6,7).
jovani anCeskis wignis Tanaxmad, gadavi-
Re sacxovrebeli Senobebis geometriu-
li rakursebi (sur. 8,9).
calke gamovyavi quCebis saxelwodebe-
bi, rogorc teqsti urbanul sivrceSi,
es quCebi garkveul asociaciebs iwvevs
196

CemSi da mimaniSnebs, rom var qveyanaSi, romelic mxatvrobis TvalsazrisiT, mso-

flioSi gamorCeulia (sur.11).

xalxi quCaSi
quCaSi moZraobda mxolod sazogadoebis garkveuli nawili, unda aRiniSnos, rom
piolteloSi, mkvidri mosaxleobis garda, cxovrobda 130 eTnosis adamiani da maT
italielebi „eqstra komunitarebs“ eZaxian (sur.12,13). xolo italielTa ZiriTadi
nawili moZraobs manqaniT.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas sazogadoebriv transportze, sadac patara video fragmen-
ti gadaviRe.
Zveli pioltelos nawili CemTvis gacilebiT STambeWdavia _ sant andreas ekle-
siis mimdebare teritoria (sur.14) da Sida, italiuri ezoebi, sadac RmrTismSob-
lis mcire, miniaturuli qandakebebi aris ganTavsebuli.
es qandakebebi simboluri miniSnebaa am qveynis tradiciaze, kulturasa da reli-
giaze (sur.15).
pioltelo warmodgenilia, rogorc adamianebisgan dacarielebuli sivrce, ada-
mianebi cxovroben am dasaxlebaSi, magram maTi arseboba SeumCnevelia.
pioltelo qmnis ara mxolod erTi konkretuli dasaxlebis saxes, aramed Tanamed-
rove sazogadoebis asociacias. yvela Caketilia sakuTar saxlSi, Semcirebulia so-
cialuri urTierTobebi da adamianebi cxovroben internetis epoqaSi, romelic qm-
nis mudmivi komunikaciis iluzias. rogorc Tanamedrove xelovnebis da mediis kri-
tikosi boris groisi ambobs: `xelovnebis procesi sul ufro da ufro metad emsga-
vseba sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebis fsiqodramas“4. dRes aRarsadaa erTiani erovnuli
stili, ar arsebobs fundamenturi ganxeTqileba, aRaraa globaluri ideologiu-
ri brZola. yY oveli xelovani, warmoadgens mxolod da mxolod sakuTar Tavs. Cven
vcxovrobT neoliberalizmis da individualizmis epoqaSi, sadac irRveva yvela
politikuri da kulturuli erToba. eE s aris epoqa, sadac yvela yvelas konkuren-
tia, sadac rogorc mxatvars, ise avtors uyureben imis mixedviT, Tu Tavad rogor
axdens sajaro sivrceSi sakuTari Tavis reprezentacias. is arafers gamoxatavs sa-
kuTari Tavis garda.
axalgazrda Taobas araferi daukargavs imdenad, ramdenadac gaizarda kultu-
raSi, sadac aravin aravis usmens, aravin aravis uyurebs da sadac yvelas raRacis
Tqma unda. dRes yvelas raRacis demonstrireba surs, es, raRac azriT, selfis
kulturaa. dRes interneti – esaa facebook-ze megobrebTan socializacia. adamia-
nebi zedmetad komunikabeluriebi arian, maT Soris internetis gamoc, romelic
gamudmebuli komunikaciis iluzias qmnis.
Tuki visaubrebT saxelovnebo Semoqmedebaze, mgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSi erTader-
Ti SesaZlo reaqcia –es refleqsiaa, politikuri reaqcia, radgan socializmze
saubari jer kidev adrea, adamianebi jer isev zedmetad arian garTulni indivi-
dualizmiT.
proeqtis farglebSi, drois simciris miuxedavad, Sevecade Cems mier gadaRebuli
fotoebi damekavSirebina Jak lakanis triadasTan: warmosaxviTTan, simbolurTan da
realurTan, da gamomeyenebina jovani anCeskis meTodi arCeul Tematikaze samuSaod.

4
http://inrussia.com/contemporary-art-in-a-selfie-world
 197

Mariam Davitashvili
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Research Project: Pioltello. Application of Giovanni Anceschi Method

Research project “Pioltello” focuses on a trio of terms from the psychoanalytic theory of Jacques Lacan:
Imaginary, Symbolic and Real.
50 years later, philosopher Slavoj Žižek added to Lacan’s triad a very popular word Virtual and determined
a new triad desiring to appropriate Lacan’s classification to the digital world. Augmented reality  (AR)
belongs to one of the forms of digital realities. Moreover, according to classifications of Lacan and Žižek,
“supplemented reality” turns into definition, which one can perceive not through the spoken language, but
all types of digital devices.
While working on the project the author uses Giovanni Ancesci’s very interesting method that is described
in his book “L’Oggetto della Reffigurazione”.
198

1. `uxilavis Cveneba~ („Mostrare l’invisibile“), italiuri graviura, 1658

Italian engraving „Mostrare l’invisibile“, 1658

2-3. niSanTa sistemis gaanalizeba Analysis of a sign system

 199

3. samyaros qoreografia Choreography of the universe

200

5. egvipturi kosmograma Egyptian cosmogram

6. axali pioltelo. 3600-iani panoramuli fotoebi New Pioltello, 3600 degree panoramic photos

7. Zveli pioltelo. 3600-iani panoramuli fotoebi Old Pioltello, 3600 degree panoramic photos
 201

8. sacxovrebeli Senobebis geometriuli rakursebi Geometric views of the residential buildings

9. sacxovrebeli Senobebis geometriuli rakursebi Geometric views of the residential buildings

202

10. sicariele Emptiness

11. quCebis saxelwodebebi Names of the streets

 203

12. xalxi quCaSi People in the streets

13. xalxi quCaSi People in the streets

204

14. Zveli pioltelo Old Pioltello

15. RmrTismSoblis mcire zomis qandakebebi quCebsa da ezoebSi

Small sculptures of St. Mary in the streets and yards
 205

luka miqelaZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

evkliduri geometriis evolucia cifrul modelirebaSi,

cifruli samyaros dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi

XX saukuneSi dawyebulma cifruli teqnologiebis ganviTrebam kacobrioba miiy-

vana im etapze, sadac ukan dasabrunebeli wertili didi xania daikarga, rac imas
niSnavs, rom gsurs Tu ara, cifruli samyaros nawili xar. geometria is mecniere-
baa, romelmac adamians abstraqtulad daawyebina azrovneba, ris Sedegadac, sam-
ganzomilebiani sivrce daimorCila. adamiani saukuneebis manZilze anviTarebda
geometriul unarebs, rac XX saukuneSi cifrul modelirebaSi gardaisaxa.
ra aris cifruli modelireba? cifruli modelireba evkliduri geometriis im
warmosaxviTi cnebebiT manipulirebaa, rogoricaa wertili, monakveTi da sibr-
tye. evkliduri geometria gveubneba, rom wertilma SesaZlebelia iarsebos da or
wertils Soris SesaZlebelia gaivlos mxolod erTi wrfe da am wrfis gavlebis
mxolod erTi varianti arsebobs. nebismier sam wertils Soris SesaZlebelia iar-
sebos mxolod erTma sibrtyem. rogorc ar unda gadaaadgilo es wertilebi.
Tu sibrtyeze arsebobs ori wertili da maT Soris gavlebulia wrfe, am wrfis us-
asrulo gagrZelebiT wertilebi mudam am sibrtyeze darCeba. Tu ori wrfe gadaik-
veTeba maSin maTi gadakveTa moxdeba mxolod erT wertilSi. Tu ori sibrtye ga-
daikveTeba, maSin maTi gadakveTa moxdeba mxolod erT wrfeze. am postulatebidan
materialur samyaroSi arc erTi arsebobs.
sainteresoa, rom wertilis, monakveTis da sibrtyis arseboba da Sesabamisad maTi
danaxva mxolod virtualur samyaroSi moxda, cifruli modelirebis Seqmnis da
daxvewis safuZvelze. SesaZlebeli gaxda maTi virtualur sivrceSi manipulireba
sxvadasxva samganzomilebiani programebiT. cufrul modelirebaSi wertils daer-
qva _ verteqsi, wertilebs Soris arsebul wrfes – eji, xolo sibrtyes _ feisi an
poligoni. swored virtualur samganzomilebian sivrceSi wertilebis anu verte-
qsebis gadaadgilebiT, sasurvel adgilze dalagebiT, da maT Soris mravali sibr-
tyis gaCeniT, xdeba nebismieri zedapiris Seqmna. aseTi tipis modelirebas poligo-
naluri modelireba ewodeba da dResdReobiT is modelirebis wamyvani sistemaa.
ra mniSvneloba eniWeba cifrul modelirebas? samganzomilebiani printerebis
Seqmnamde da maT daxvewamde, SegveZlo da axlac SegviZlia ekranis saSualebiT
vimogzauroT virtualur samyaroSi, magram axla ukve SesaZlebelia cifruli
modelebis dabeWdva da materialur samyaroSi gadmotana. damyarda Zalian sain-
tereso kavSiri gonebaSi ideis dabadebasa da mis materializacias Soris da piri-
qiT _ materialuris virtualurad gardaqmnas Soris. dRes modelebis beWdvisas
plastamass iyeneben. is, rom cifruli modelis dabeWdva aseT mokle droSi gaxde-
boda realoba, gvafiqrebs, rom ramdenime weliwadSi SesaZlebeli iqneba persona-
luri samganzomilebiani printeriT internetidan gadmoviweroT faili da saxli-
dan gausvlelad davbeWdoT nebismieri nivTi da ara marto plastmasis.
internet sivrcidan ukve SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva, dasabeWdad gamzadebuli obie-
qtebis failebis CamotvirTva, magram gansakuTrebuli kamaTi gamoiwvia cecxlsas-
206
roli iaraRis dasabeWdad gamzadebuli
failis gavrcelebam. Tavad gansazRv-
reT, ra Sedegebs gamoiwvevs es...
cifruli teqnologiebi imdenad swra-
fad viTardeba, rom rig SemTxvevaSi ma-
regulirebeli sistemebi saerTod ar
arsebobs da rogorc yovelTvis, yvela
movlenas uku movlena axlavs Tan.
udaoa, rom momavali cifrul teqno-
logiebs ekuTvnis da is jer arnaxul mw-
vervalebamde aiyvans kacobriobas. amis
niSnebi ukve Cans _ TiToeuli Cvengani
ukve sargeblobs am SesaZleblobebiT.
cifruli modelireba geometriuli mo-
delirebis is ganviTarebaa, romelic ada-
mians sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi unarebis
vizualizaciaSi, xolo Semdgom, mis mate-
rializaciaSi daexmareba. es is teqnolo-
giaa, romelmac rogorc ujredma daiwyo
gayofa, Tavadve daiwyo ganviTareba da
evolucia. imas rac viTardeba da ixvewe-
ba, Sesabamisad, eZleva arsebobis ufleba.
adamiani cocxali biologiuri arsebaa
da igi planetaze arsebul garemosTan
axdens adaptirebas, amgvarad arsebobis
ufleba eZleva mas, vinc adaptirdeba
mocemul garemoSi. ganviTarebis im ver-
siaSi, sadac cifruli teqnologia usw-
rafesad viTardeba idealur pirobebSi,
adamians kvlavac mis emociur da menta-
lur, moqnil, magram Zalze myar badesTn
uxdeba mudmivi brZola. cifruli samy-
aro idealuria da misi SesaZleblobebi
usazRvro. ra Sansebi aqvs adamians? cxa-
dia, adamiani, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi
evoluciuri ganvTrebis am safexurze,
Tavis biologiur sxeuls ver datovebs
da gonebriv SesaZleblobebs ver ganavi-
Tarebs im siswrafiT da efeqturobiT,
rogoriTac cifruli teqnologiebi
viTardeba. Tumca, arian mecnierebi,
romlebic ukve cdiloben adamianis mex-
siereba cifrul matarebelze gadaita-
non da amiT adamians ukvdaveba SesZinon.
adamians rCeba mxolod Tavisi gonebis
aramaterialuri, magram mainc aRqmadi
sulieri samyaro, sadac goneba axdens
modelirebas. adamianis gonebaSi ideis
gaCena Zalian saintereso procesia, da
swored idea, rogorc aseTi, aris is, rac
ar SeuZlia cifrul gonebas gauCndes.
arsebobs Teoria romlis Tanaxmadac,
adamianma bunebaSi arsebuli magaliTe-
biT ixelmZRvanela yvelaferSi rac Se-
qmna, anu realurad gansxvavebuli ara-
feri gaukeTebia. miTologiuri arsebe-
bic ki arsebuli cxovelebis an adamiane-
bis nazavia.
arsebobs sxvadasxva versia imisa, Tu ra
Seqmna adamianma yvelaze mniSvnelova-
ni. zogierTi mecnieris azriT, es aris
borbali, zogierTs antibiotiki miaCnia
kacobriobis udides aRmoCenad. calsaxa
pasuxi am kiTxvas ver gaecema, magram yu-
radRebas gavamaxvileb geometriaze, gan-
sakuTrebiT ki evkliduri geometriis im
postulatze, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tu
ori gadakveTili wrfis yvela kuTxe to-
lia, maSin kuTxeebi marTia da wrfeebi
perpendikularuli. marTi kuTxe gaxla-
vT is aRmoCena, riTac Seiqmna adamianis
samyaro, es damtkicebas ar saWiroebs,
sakmarisia mimovixedoT da yvelaferSi
davinaxavT marT kuTxes. marTi kuTxe si-
vrcis organizebis idealuri saSuale-
baa, is martivi kodia, riTac nebismieri
Semoqmedi xelmZRvanelobs.
adamianisTvis didi gamowvevaa, survili,
Seqmnas is, risi analogic bunebaSi ar
moiZebneba. rodesac vfiqrob, SeuZlia
Tu ara xelovans warmoidginos is, rac
arasdros unaxavs, erTi saxumaro Se-
kiTxva maxsendeba adamze da evaze. mxat-
vrebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi sxva-
dasxvagvarad gamosaxavdnen adams da
evas, romlebic, Tu biblias davujerebT,
RmerTis mier Seqmnili pirveli adamia-
nebi iyvnen. SekiTxva aseTia _ hqondaT
Tu ara mtvrisgan Seqmnil adamsa da evas
Wipi? am kiTxvaze pasuxi Tavad gansazRv-
reT, xolo Cemi azriT, adamianis mTavari
monapovari _ abstraqtuli azrovnebaa.
 207

Luka Mikeladze
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Evolution of Euclidean Geometry in the Digital Modeling.

Positive and Negative Sides of the Digital World

The article is dedicated to evolution of the Euclidean geometry and its introduction into digital mode-
ling at the end of the 20th century. Before generating of 3D digital programs, Euclid’s main concepts such
as a point, segment and flatness were used as imaginary elements that could only be transmitted in a
graphic form on a plane surface of a paper. Nowadays these elements are widely applied in a virtual space
to create any three-dimensional models, manipulate with points or vertices. The polygonal modeling is
entirely based on Euclidean geometry representing a surface which is obtained through a combination
of spots between specific points. Development of digital technologies plays a huge role in the modern
life. However positive things may have negative aspects as well. Rapid advancement of digital world is an
irreversible process that makes one reflect about the dangers of emergence of the digital mind leading to
complete replacement of the human one. The history may repeat itself. Digital mind may become a new
step in human evolution resembling the process when homo sapiens “defeated” the Neanderthal, homo
erectus and the other human species. Development of the world depends on environmental conditions
and from this point of view the digital technologies are no exception. In fact conditions for development
of these technologies are ideal, whereas environment of our development remains unchanged. The hu-
mans who are biological creatures require certain conditions for their existence. But at the same time they
also have spiritual needs development of which happen based on many other factors including creative
and abstract thinking. Consequently, development of spiritual and mental sides of humans forms a path of
evolution, which in the end remains the only way to keep them engaged in the digital world.
208

venera gociriZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis ramdenime tendencia Tamar

meliqiSvilis Semoqmedebis magaliTze

Tanamedrove qarTuli dazguri xelovnebis kvleva mniSvnelovan mxatvrul dis-

kurss qmnis da ferwerul amocanebTan erTad, identobis formirebis process ki-
dev ufro TvalsaCinos xdis.
1990-2000-iani wlebis mxatvrobis ganxilva mniSvnelovania imdenad ramdenadac sa-
bWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelom, rogorc damoukidebelma saxelmwi-
fom ganagrZo arseboba da mopovebuli Tavisufleba qarTvel xelovanTa Semoqme-
debiTi procesebis, erTgvari amosunTqvis saSualebad iqca. saukunis dasasruls
saxviT xelovnebaSi mimdinareobda mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis plastikuri
interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli sawyise-
bis individualuri gaazrebisa da samganzomilebiani obieqtebis Seqmnis procesi.
am wlebSi moRvawe qarTveli mxatvrebis namuSevrebis ganxilvisas ikveTeba is ten-
denciebi, romlebic am Taobis (Tamar meliqiSvili, daviT aleqsiZe, vaxo buRaZe,
miSa gogriWiani, maka batiaSvili, sofo CxikvaZe, guranda qlibaZe, TuTu kilaZe
da sxv.) SemoqmedTa garkveuli nawilisaTvis saerToa da mxatvarTa gansxvavebuli
xelweris miuxedavad, am periodis mxatvrobis saerTo suraTs qmnis.
Tanamedrove mxatvrebis Sedarebisas, ara mxolod ikveTeba is Zireuli niSnebi, ri-
Tic epoqis saerTo suraTi ixateba, aramed msgavseba Temis arCevanSic ikiTxeba. iq-
neba es nius seria, urbanuli peizaJebi, yofis amsaxveli epizodebi Tu religiuri
Tematikis variaciebi.
Tanamedrove cxovrebis ritmma, socialurma Tu politikurma problemebma didi
gavlena iqonia sazogadoebis cnobierze, gemovnebis Camoyalibebasa da aRqmis
unarze. swored droiT gamowveulma moTxovnilebebma Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi
didi xarisxobrivi aRreva gamoiwvia da amitomac, `kitCis~ fonze, nawilobriv ga-
batonebul ugemovnobaSi, mkveTrad gamokveTili xelweris mqone mxatvris Tamar
meliqiSvilis Semoqmedebis kvlevam saintereso Sedegi aCvena. statiaSi Cven swo-
red am mxatvris Semoqmedebis mxatvrul-stilistur maxasiaTeblebze visaubrebT
da amdenad, Tanamedrove ferweris zogad maxasiaTeblebzec.
1990-2000-iani wlebSi moRvawe SemoqmedTa mTavari Tema, SeiZleba iTqvas, warsu-
liT nasazrdoebi aqtualuri awmyoa, magram gamosaxulebebSi araferia naTqvami
konkretul faqtebze, istoriul movlenebze, omze, krizisze da a.S. Tumca mnaxve-
li namuSevrebis daTvalierebisas grZnobs TiToeuli mxatvris personalur isto-
rias, dakavSirebuls konkretul epizodTan, romelic sxvadasxva formiT viTar-
deba da saTqmelis Sesabamisad ganivrcoba. mnaxvelisTvis Tavs iyris mis irgvliv
gavrcobili urTierTobebi, movlenebi da am yvelaferTan dakavSirebuli mogone-
bebi, romlebic ferweruli namuSevrebis inspiraciad iqca da CvenTvis `gadmodin-
da~. suraTebSi ikiTxeba TiToeuli mxatvris mikro samyaro, romelsac iribi miniS-
nebebiT moaqvs ganvlili da dRevandeli atmosfero. unda aRiniSnos, rom ferwera

am perodis mxatvrebisTvis aqtiur saa-
zrovno mocemulobas warmoadgens da
kvlav Tanamedrove xelovnebis erT-erT
wamyvan saSualebad rCeba.
rogorc xelovnebaTmcodne xaTuna xa-
buliani Tavis sadisertacio naSrom-
Si1 aRniSnavs, am periodis qarTuli
xelovnebis speqtri individualuri
artsituli arCevanebis krebulia, sai-
danac SeiZleba gavigoT romeli gza
airCia TiToeulma mxatvarma sakuTari
gamocdilebis Tanamedrove tenden-
ciebTan dasakavSireblad. es suraTi
ki sakmaod mravalferovani Cans ise-
Ti patara qveynis pirobaze, rogoric
saqarTveloa, sadac aRmoCnda adgili
mravali tendenciis gaazrebisTvis.
xelovanTa individualuri arCevane-
bis krebuli qmnis, rogorc im perio-
dis mxatvruli sivrcis ganmsazRvrel
saxes, ise dRevandeli epoqis suraTs.
xelovanis arCevanis Tavisuflebis
fonze miRebuli gadawyvetileba, rom
TiToeul Semoqmeds SeuZlia gansxvave-
buli da misTvis yvelaze Sesabamisi sti-
li, media da formati airCios, aZlevs
saSualebas sakuTari sivrce gaafarTo-
vos, Tavi mimdinare mxatvrul proce-
sebSi moniSnos. dRvandeli realoba ki
Zalian gansxvavebulia perestroikis
periodis SezRuduli garemosgan, sa-
dac SesaZleblobebis veli jer kidev
gauxseli iyo da aseve gansxvavebulia
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisisgan, roca
artistTa aqtivoba mxolod mimdinare
procesebze cnobieri Tu spontanuri
reaqciebisgan Sedgeboda.
dRevandeli xelovnebis formaTa usa-
zRvro mravalferovnebisa da siWre-
lis fonze Tamar meliqiSvili mkafiod
1
x. xabuliani, vizualuri niSnebis trans-
formacia: mxatvruli formebi da koncef-
ciebi postmodernistuli xelovnebis qar-
Tul versiaSi, sadisertacio naSromi, Tb.,
2016, gv. 75-76.
209
deklarirebuli pirovnuli da Semo-
qmedebiTi TavisuflebiT gamoirCeva.
mxatvris mravalferovani Semoqmedeba
moicavs, rogorc ferwerul, aseve gra-
fikul namuSevrebs, kinosa da Teatris
mxatvrobas, fotografias, musikaluri
klipebisTvis Seqmnil eskizebs da wig-
nis ilustraciebs, Tumca mis Semoqme-
debaSi mTavari adgili ferweras uWi-
ravs. xelovnebis uamravi Tanamedrove
Teoriidan da koncefciidan, is mxolod
misTvis sagulisxmo niSnebs iazrebs da
sakuTar paradigmaSi aqcevs. T.meliqiS-
vili Tanmimdevrulad, suraTis yvela
nawilSi, TiToeul detalSi icavs mis
mierve miRebul mxatvrul pirobiTobas.
suraTebis kompoziciuri gadawyveta
Tumca martivi da naTelia, formismier
idealizaciasaa moklebuli. swored
amitom kompoziciebi, gamosaxulebebi
gamartivebulia, ar aris bolomde da-
muSavebuli, TiTqos uwono da msubuqia.
formis gadmocemisas pirobiTobis maRa-
li xarisxia. Rrma sazrisebiT dafarul
ideebs mxatvari martivi formebiT gad-
mogvcems. aseve pirobiTia garemos aRwe-
ra, rogorc interieris, ise peizaJis
SemTxvevaSi. sivrce imdenadaa ganzoga-
debuli, ramdenadac nagulisxmevia moq-
medebis adgili da amasTanave imdenadaa
moklebuli konkretikas, rom ar iqmneba
irealuri garemos STabeWdileba.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia laJvardis-
feris, molurjo, mocisfro tonebis
mdidari gradaciebi, romelTa saSuale-
biTac mxatvris ferweruli alRo, misi
ferTan mgrZnobiare damokidebuleba
mJRavndeba. laJvardisferi, moiisfro
feris saSualebiT is qmnis axal, misi
pirovnebis gamomxatvel ferwerul ka-
nonzomierebas.
namuSevrebis intensiuri molurjo-mo-
cisfro laJvardisferi toni er-
Tdroulad xdeba formis Semqmenelic
da amave dros funqciuri mniSvnelo-
bis miniWebiT gardaisaxeba xan fonad,
210
xanac faqturad. feri, intensiurobi-
dan gamomdinare, inarCunebs dekora-
tiulobas da amave dros, namuSevrebis
mTlianobasac gansazRvravs.
mxatvari monoqromuli da amave dros
„naTebadi~ ferebis mravalricxovan
niuansTa gamovleniT agebs sivrcobriv
planebs da Tavad feris, lokaluri fe-
rebis saSualebiT gadmocems ganaTebas,
romelic ukiduresad ganzogadebulia
da mxolod igulisxmeba, feri TavisTa-
vad atarebs sinaTles. es aris feris, ro-
gorc absoluturi feris maqsimaluri
efeqtis gamovlenis mcdeloba. swored
feris saSualebiT mxatvari axerxebs
namuSevris kolorituli erTianobis
Seqmnas da mas moiazrebs mocemulobis
maorganizebel mTavar elementad, ris
gamoc feri ar aRiqmeba mxolod de-
koratiul elementad da feradovani
aqcentebi isev STabeWdilebis gamZaf-
rebis iaraRadaa qceuli. am azriT,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lurji mxatvris
palitris ZiriTadi feria, romelic
gradaciuli mravalferovnebiT, simbo-
lur-esTtikuri mniSvnelobiTaa gaje-
rebuli, amitom namuSevrebze ferwera
da `Suq-wera~ ganuyofelia. feri la-
mis Suqis funqcias iTavsebs da arse-
biTad materialurs sagnobriv faqtu-
rulobas ukargavs. namuSevrebze Tavad
feri ganapirobebs sinaTlis arsebobas,
feri Tavadaa SuqmnaTi da realurad,
ganaTebis wyaro arc ki igulisxmeba.
miuxedavad, imisa, rom namuSevrebze ar
gvxvdeba ganaTebis realuri da konkre-
tuli wyaro, figurebis modelireba ki
zogjer Suq-Crdilis gareSea, raoden
paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, absolu-
turad ar igrZnoba sinaTlis nakle-
boba. piriqiT, sinaTle zogjer War-
badac ki iRvreba, rasac ganapirobebs
Tavad feris sinaTliT gajerebuloba.
ferTan gansakuTrebuli damokidebu-
leba mJRavndeba amave periodSi moRvawe
mxatvar vaxo buRaZis SemoqmedebaSic.
mxatvari STagonebas iRebs misi uSualo
garemodan, im adgilebidan, sadac mTe-
li cxovreba gaatara. erT-erT ferwe-
rul tiloze (sur.1), sadac Zalian piro-
biTad gamosaxuli saxlis, quCis silue-
ti ikveTeba, cxadad Cans is mxatvruli
amocanebi Tu problmebi, romlebic sa-
xasiaToa am periodis xelovnebisTvis.
kompozicias bundovnad gamoxatuli
detalebi qmnis da calkeuli elemen-
tebis urTierTmimarTebebi, Sida kavSi-
rebi avtoris Canafiqris gaxsnas kidev
ufro arTulebs. tiloze monacisfro,
movardisfro da molurjo laqobrivi
ganawileba da gamosaxulebis gamomsa-
xveloba nostalgiur, lirikul da dra-
matiul ganwyobas gviqmnis. am araerTg-
varovani ferweruli koloritiT mZime
da amave dros Zalian intimuri sivrcis
iluzia iqmneba; quCis kuTxe ki, erTg-
var Cixad gadaiqceva da saxlebis for-
maTa SepirispirebiT Tu dakavSirebiT
erTdroulad nacnob da ucxo adgilad
gardaiqmneba. mxatvari TiTqos Zerwavs
formas da haeris miraJs gviqmnis, ma-
gram miuxedavad am warmosaxviTi simsu-
buqisa, namuSevars Sekruli, mkvrivi
teqtonika aqvs. da mainc, aq araferia
gansazRvruli da dakonkretebuli arc
quCa, arc saxlis forma, zoma, masala,
faqtura, mdebareoba, magram Zalian sa-
grZnobia atmosfero da garemo. v.buRa-
Zis msgavsad, T.meliqiSvilic 2016 wels
Sesrulebul namuSevrze (sur.2) saTq-
mels SefarviT, garkveuli qveteqste-
biT gvTavazobs, misi sametyvelo enac
pirobiTisa da konkretulis zRvarzea,
datvirTuli romantikuli impulsebi-
Ta da simbolisturi idumalebiT.
namuSevrebis Sedarebisas kidev ufro
TvalnaTliv warmoCndeba is tendencie-
bi, romlebic saxasiaToa dRevandeli
qarTuli mxatvruli azrovnebisTvis.
TiToeul namuSevarSi mxatvris pirov-
nuli `me~ ikveTeba, isini pirobiTi same-
tyvelo eniT da ganzogadebis maRali

xarisxiT TiTqos sakuTar pirovnul is-
toriebs yvebian, sakuTar asociaciebs
CvenTvisac saziaros xdian da gvibiZ-
geben maTTan erTad warmovidginoT,
ganvicadoT, vifiqroT... vizualuri sa-
xe-xatebiT saTqmelis gadmocema, qvete-
qstebiT sazrisebis simbolur-metafo-
ruli metyveleba, maradiuli Tu yofi-
Ti Temebis pirovnul prizmaSi gatareba
da uSualo kontaqti mayurebelTan am
periodis mxatvrobis maxasiaTebel niS-
nad rom yalibdeba, mimdinare mxatvru-
li procesebis saintereso da mraval-
ferovan panoramul suraTs qmnis.
T.meliqiSvilis namuSevrebSi cxaddeba
erTgvarad sensitiuri yofiTi gare-
mosa da personaJebis romantikul sa-
myaroSi moTavsebis mcdeloba, magram
Tavad garemo arasdrosaa gaidialebu-
li. suraTebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebu-
lia ara konkretul personaze, aramed
pozebze, Jestebze, figuris, rogorc
formis warmoCenaze, romelsac Tavi-
si xasiaTi gaaCnia. amitomac, figurebi
erTdroulad konkretul da abstra-
girebul sivrceTa Soris arseboben da
fonis ganuyofel nawilad aRiqmebian.
igive mimarTebis danaxva SegviZlia s.
CxikvaZis da T. meliqiSvilis nius Te-
maze Seqmnil namuSevrebze, sadac kom-
poziciis saerTo struqtura ikveTeba.
aqtualizdeba masalis, rogorc faqtu-
ris, feris, rogorc dekoratiuli ele-
mentis, figuris, rogorc plastikuri
moculobis mqone formis da ferwe-
ra-grafikis sinTezi. T. meliqiSvilis
namuSevarSi (sur.3) saxatavi sibrtyis
nawili `SiSvladaa~ (xeluxleblad) da-
tovebuli, amitom saxatavi masalis faq-
tura fonis organul nawilad moizreba
da ferwerul koloritsac gansazRvra-
vs. s.CxikvaZesTan (sur.4) suraTis forma
da koloriti personaJis mdgomareobis
gadmocemas emsaxureba da intimurobis
xarisxs zrdis, meliqiSvilTan ki am mx-
riv, naklebi intimurobaa, rasac Tavad
211
suraTis Ria tonaluri gadawyveta ga-
napirobebs. Tuki meliqiSvilTan liri-
kul-sensitiur atmosferos formaTa
da ferTa `simsubuqe~ qmnis, s.CxikvaZes-
Tan piriqiT, kompoziciaSi Semavali yo-
veli detali dramatuli atmosferos
SeqmnisTvisaa momarTuli da Tumca,
zewris qveda nawilSi mcire oqrosferi
dekoratiuli motivebi SeiniSneba, es
imdenad ver uwevs winaaRmdegobas su-
raTze gabatonebul mZime atmosferos
da Zalian frTxilad, faqizad amsubu-
qebs mas. gabneuli ganaTebis efeqti ki
damTrgunvel ganwyobas ganapirobebs,
maSin, roca meliqiSvili sivrcis Ria-
obiT, sagrZnobi haeriTa da nagulisx-
mevi sinaTliT sapirispiro, sensitiuri
atmosferos efeqts qmnis. orive mxat-
vari mnaxvels siuJetis gagebis, misi in-
terpretirebis Tavisuflebas aZlevs
da TiToeul mnaxvelSi gansxvavebul
asociaciebs warmoSobs. es niSani ki,
dRevandeli Tanamedrove xelovnebis
erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia _ mayure-
bels, rogorc mimRebs dautovos inter-
pretirebis Tavisufleba. mxatvrebi sa-
xis nakvTebis gamoukveTavad cdiloben
pirovnuli ieri mianiWon figurebs da
amas mxolod feris aqcentirebiT, od-
nav miniSnebuli detalebiT axerxeben.
T.melqiSvili Tavisi xelwerisTvis da-
maxasiaTebel pirobiTobas bunebrivad
uxamebs bolomde dauwerel, mxolod
moniSnul figurebs da swored am ur-
TierTmimarTebiT iqmneba intimuri
garemos SegrZneba, romelic swored
gamomsaxvelobis TvalsazrisiT, ar-
sebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba yofiTs, ro-
gorc yofiTi Janris cnebas. mxatvari
cdilobs gaacocxlos sagnobrivi sa-
myaro da TiToeuli asaxuli obieqtis
Tvisebriv maxasiaTeblebs gausvas xazi.
swored pirobiTi eniT warmoCena da
ganzogadebis maRali xarisxi, aRrmavebs
da zedapiridan wamowevs namuSevris Si-
naars, misgan momdinare STabeWdilebas.
212
mxatvari cdilobs garemo da foni
adamianis, figuris Tanafard nawilad
moiazros da gamomsaxvelobiT erTian,
pirobiT sistemas dauqvemdebaros. ko-
loritis meSveobiT ki, aqcenti myudro
intimuri garemos Seqmnaze keTdeba da
foni figuris ganuyofel nawilad aRi-
qmeba. aseve saxasiaToa erTi suraTis
farglebSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli meTo-
dis sinTezi da saxatavi masalis faqtu-
ris zedapiris siSiSvle, rac gamoixa-
teba dauferavi fragmentebis erTian
kompoziciaSi moazrebiT. namuSevrebSi
waSlilia zRvari saRebavs, rogorc ma-
salasa da rogorc feris substancias
Soris. feri mxatvris mxatvruli sa-
myaros esTetikuri kodis matarebeli
substanciaa.
ferisa da formis urTierTdamokide-
bulebiT mxatvari sakuTari mxatvruli
Ziebebisa da esTetikuri miswrafebebis
realizebas aRwevs. kompoziciebSi fer-
Ta kontrastuli wyvilebi ar atarebs
disonansul xasiaTs, iseve, rogorc civi
da Tbili tonebis urTierTmimarTeba.
es kontrastebi, romlebic sazogadod
namuSevris eqspresiul mxares gansazR-
vravs, masTan ganwyobis mTavar `Semqme-
nelebad~ moiazreba. forma arasdrosaa
danawevrebuli, is mTliania da fonTan
mimarTebiT harmoniuli. swored yvela
elementis erTianad moazreba ganapiro-
bebs namuSevrebis monumentur xasiaTs,
sadac cxaddeba mxatvris msoflSegrZ-
neba da msoflaRqma.
T.meliqiSvilis namuSevrebi, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom maTSi maRali doziT
igrZnoba abstragirebis xarisxi, for-
malurad ar ganekuTvneba abstraqciis
Janrs, magram misi `winaTgrZnobiTaa~
gaJRenTili. feradovani laqebis ur-
TierTmimarTebas TiTqos damoukidebe-
li saxasiaTo detalis funqcia aqvs da
amdenad, mTelis ganmsazRvreli rolic
akisria. xSir SemTxevaSi mxatvari for-
mas mxolod feris, erTiani laqis ga-
mosaxviT qmnis da formis Sesaqmenlad
konturis xazs iSviTad mimarTavs. fe-
radovan laqebs formis sisrulis mniS-
vneloba aqvs da amdenad, kompoziciuri
niSnis funqciac. avtori axerxebs ga-
moavlinos Tavad saRebavis faqturu-
li mxare da mastixinis saSulebiT misi
funqciuri mniSvnelobidan gamomdina-
re, gansazRvros rogorc saRebavis ze-
dapiri, ise, monasamis xasiaTi; amitom
erTi saRebavis farglebSi gamovleni-
lia sxvadasxva masalis Tvisebrivi ma-
xasiaTebeli. ase magaliTad: zeTis pas-
tozuroba da simkveTre gardasaxulia
xan pastelis faqturuli zedapiris ga-
movleniT, fxvieri da mSrali efeqtiT,
xanac akvarelis gamWvirvale struqtu-
riT, swored amitom, zeTis saRebavis
`simZime~ amsubuqebuli da saWiroebi-
samebr gardaqmnilia. mTavari ki isaa,
rom zeTis saRebavis faqturuli gada-
TamaSebiT mxatvari saRebavis Tvisebe-
bis maqsimalur gamoyenebas axerxebs da
es `gardaqmnebi~ harmoniul erTianoba-
Si mohyavs da amdenad, mxatvris indivi-
dualuri xelwera amiTac sacnobi xde-
ba. feradovani laqebis erTi SexedviT
`mousvenari~ da amave dros zusti, Ta-
visufali dadeba/ganawileba spontanu-
ri kompoziciis STabeWdilebas qmnis da
nawarmoebs dinamikur xasiaTs aniWebs.
namuSevrebiT miRebul STabeWdilebas,
emociur muxts tiloebze aqcentebis
monacvleoba gansazRvravs, sadac zo-
gjer figuratiuli motivi dominirebs,
zogan ki abstraqtuli.
figuraTa Cacmuloba, arqiteqturuli
detalebis moniSvna, Sinagani dinamika
nawarmoebis erTiani sistemis ganuyofe-
li nawilia. mxatvris namuSevrebSi Ti-
Toeuli figura Tu sagani ideas, Sinaars
gadmoscems da SeCerebuli wamis fiqsa-
ciiT drosa da sivrceSi mudmivi myo-
fobis gancdas iwvevs. T. meliqiSvilis
xelwerisTvis damaxasiaTebeli pirobi-
Toba, personaJebis ganzogadebuloba,

weris maneris Taviseburebani erTian,
daunawevrebel mxatvrul sistemas qm-
nis. mxatvari bolomde arasodes wyde-
ba realobas, namuSevrebi mayureblis
ganwyobasa da cnobierze zemoqmedebs.
mxatvari feris aqcentirebiT yuradRe-
bas amaxvilebs feris funqciur mniSvne-
lobaze da arcki cdilobs realistu-
ri faqturis gadmocemas; is TiToeuli
sagnis Taviseburebebs mxatvrulad iaz-
rebs da gancdil/miRebul STabeWdile-
bas garkveul elementebad Slis, Sede-
gad ki, saxatav sibrtyeze konkretulis,
mTelis ganzogadebul formas/Sinaars
gvTavazobs, sruliad axal mxatvrul
konteqstSi ganixilavs mas. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, namuSevrebze sagnis racio-
naluri mxare adgils uTmobs emocias.
konkretulisa da zogadis niSan-Tvi-
sebebis SerwymiT axali mxatvruli es-
Tetika iqmneba da erTi SexedviT yofi-
Ti scena mxatvruli realobis nawilad
iqceva. TiTqos Cveulebrivi epizodi,
SeCerebuli kadris efeqtiT mexsiere-
baSi rCeba da usasrulo asociaciebs
badebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom namu-
Sevrebze asaxulia `raRac ambebi~, is
arasdrosaa naratiuli, TxrobiTi xasia-
Tis an ilustraciuli, amas ki mxatvari
formis, iseve, rogorc Sinaarsis ganzo-
gadebis gziT axerxebs. T.meliqiSvili
cdilobs saTqmeli sufTa ferweruli
eniT gadmosces ise, rom mayurebelsac
ar dasWirdes konkretuli siuJetis
Sinaarsi masSi gasarkvevad. mxatvris
nawarmoebis faseuloba avtoris Semoq-
medebiTi TavisuflebiT, mxatvruli in-
tuiciis mkafio gamoxatviT, mxatvruli
gemovnebiT ganisazRvreba.
Tamar meliqiSvili religiuri Janris
namuSevrebSi Zveli, maradiuli Temebis
axleburi gadaazrebis saSualebas gv-
Tavazobs da am Tematikaze Seqmnili su-
raTebi interpretaciuli mravalfero-
vnebiT gamoirCeva. mxatvari religiur
JanrSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebSi xSi-
213
rad ubrundeba erTsa da imave Temas da
gansxvavebuli gadawyvetiT gvTavazobs
mas. es Temebia: `xareba~ (sur.5), `sai-
dumlo seroba~ (sur.6), maxarebelTa ga-
mosaxulebebi, `mogvebi~, wminda sebas-
tiane, `adami da eva~. ufro xSirad ki xa-
rebis epizods ubrundeba. sainteresoa,
rom guranda qlibaZec, T.meliqiSvilis
msgavsad, 2000-ian wlebSi aqtiurad qm-
nis angelozis gamosaxulebebs (sur.7).
am gamosaxulebaTa Sedarebebi gvaZlevs
saSualebas msgavseba-gansxvavebebze vi-
saubroT, es ki upirvelesad personaJ-
Tan damokidebulebaSi mJRavndeba. ori-
ve mxatvris amocanas angelozis tra-
gizmis pirovnul gancdebamde dayvana
warmoadgens. g. qlibaZes surs mnaxveli
angelozis mimarT TanagrZnobiT aavsos
(maSin, roca Tavad personaJi amas ar
iTxovs) da amiT nawarmoebis sazrisTan
metad daakavSiros, daaxlovos; es T.
meliqiSvilis namuSevarTan (sur.8) sa-
ziaro kalapots qmnis. mnaxvelis rolis
mniSvnelovnebis gansazRvra, rogorc
zemoT aRvniSneT, am periodis mxat-
vrobis erT-erT tendenciad ikveTeba.
SemoqmedTa namuSevrebi gamoirCeva ara
marto mxatvruli formis siZlieriT,
aramed grZnobiT, eqspresiiT, savse xa-
tovani samyaroTi. saxviTi saSualebe-
biT mxatvrebi gadmogvcemen TavianT
damokidebulebas cxovrebaSi mimdina-
re procesebisadmi, isini aanalizeben
maT da aniWeben sakuTar emociur Se-
ferilobas. orive mxatvris Semoqmede-
bis arsebiTi Tvisebaa arseboba droi-
sa da sivrcis gareSe, igavuri Txroba,
metaforuli ena, ironiaSi, groteskSi
gamosaxuli kritika, rac am periodis
qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erT maxasia-
Tebel niSnad SeiZleba moviazroT.
qristianul Temaze Seqmnili dazguri
nawarmoebebi T.meliqiSvilis xelweris-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebebiT
xasiaTdeba. mxatvari cdilobs saxviTi
214
xelovnebis dargebi _ ferwera da gra-
fika erTian mxatvrul sistemaSi moia-
zros da saxatav sibrtyeze gaaerTianos;
maTi sinTezi ki imdenad organulia, rom
rTuli saTqmelia, sad iwyeba ferwera
da sad mTavrdeba grafika. saxatav sibr-
tyed xSirad gamoyenebulia brinjis
qaRaldi, romelzec figurebis for-
mas zeTis saRebavi qmnis da dauferavi
nawilebi koloritul harmoniaSi modis
ferwerasTan, anu faqtura ferweris
rols TamaSobs. zogjer mxatvari sasu-
raTe sibrtyeze rTavs namuSevris sa-
Taurebs (`balTazari~ (sur.9), `xareba~,
adami da eva~, `anonsi~, `seroba~da a.S.)
es xelnaweri teqstebi TiTqos erTgvar
instruqciebs, miniSnebebs warmoadgens
da kaligrafiuli TvalsazrisiT, iseve
rogorc feradovani gadawyvetiT, Sesa-
bamisobaSi modis mxatvrul pirobiTo-
basTan.
saxarebis kompoziciaTa stilistika
amJRavnebs axali epoqis specifikur
niSanTa gamocdilebis gadaazrebas da
sakuTar mxatvrul sistemaSi ganxor-
cilebas; amasTanave religiur Temati-
kaze Sesrulebul ferwerul namuSev-
rebSi igrZnoba 80-ianelTa Taobis mo-
napovris codna/gaTvaliswineba da es
namuSevrebi Tanamedrove xelovnebis
saintereso nimuSebad warmogvidgeba.
xarebaTa kompoziciebi, Tumca varia-
ciulad gansxvavebulia (cvalebadia
detalebi, feradovneba, xazis xasiaTi,
garemo), 2000-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul
namuSevrebSi ucvlelia orfiguriani
kompoziciebis struqtura _ RmrTism-
Sobelsa da mTavarangelozs Soris ur-
TierToba, sakraluri aqti. fers, iseve,
rogorc sxva Janris namuSevrebSi udi-
desi mniSvneloba eniWeba, religiur
siuJetebSi ki simboluri datvirTvac.
swored feradovani gadawyvetiT, fe-
radovani aqcentebiT ganisazRvreba
namuSevris emociuri mxare da kolori-
tuli erTianobiT iqmneba erTiani, har-
moniuli atmosfero, garemo. figuraTa
siluetebi da formebi feris, rogorc
erTiani qsovilis aucilebeli, saWiro
elementebia. mxatvruli ganzogadebis
xarisxi imdenad maRalia, rom fers cne-
bis simboluri, informaciuli funqcia
ekisreba da gardaiqmneba sakraluri
informaciis mxatvrul substanciad,
Suqad, sinaTled, absolutur tonad.
Sinaarsobrivad TiTqos advilad gasa-
gebi mxatvruli forma dakavSirebulia
saTqmelis saxe-niSnebiT gadmocemas-
Tan, saidanac axali emocia ibadeba da
aqve mJRavndeba mxatvris damokidebu-
leba ama Tu im movlenis mimarT. T.me-
liqiSvili Tavisi gadmosaxedidan gv-
Tavazobs situaciis Sefasebas, Tumca
amavdroulad mnaxvelSic Tanamonawi-
leobas, gancdis simZafres, asociaciur
aqtiurobas moiTxovs.
namuSevrebSi Cans naxatis flobis os-
tatoba _ xazi, tipaJi, Jestikulacia,
ferweruli gadawyveta kompoziciis
emociur-saxasiaTo wakiTxvis simZaf-
res avlens. adamianTa saxis gadmoce-
misas mxatvari gaurbis dakonkretebas
da iZleva personaJis zogad xats, ami-
tom misi personaJebi Tavisi Sinagani
dinamikiTa da emociuri mdgomareo-
biT ufro gamoirCevian, vidre indivi-
dualuri niSan-TvisebebiT.
rogorc statiidan gamoikveTa, Cve-
ni Tanamedrove qarTuli dazguri xe-
lovneba stiluri mravalferovnebiT
xasiaTdeba. magram, mxatvruli gadawy-
vetis variaciebisa, formisa da Sinaar-
sis urTierTdamokidebulebis uamrav
interpretacias Soris, dRemde ucvle-
li rCeba iseTi niuansebi, konstante-
bi, romlebic Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas,
Cvens erovnul mxatvrul sistemas gan-
sazRvravs. kompoziciis gadawyvetis
lakoniuroba da mxatvruli saxis esTe-
tizireba, pirobiTi sametyvelo ena, ni-
San-simboloebiT saTqmelis gadmocema,
 215

feris gansakuTrebuli datvirTva, grafikisa da ferweris sinTezi, asociaciur

kavSirebze damyarebuli mxatvruli forma, dRevandeli mxatvrobis saxasiaTo
niSnebia. Tamar meliqiSvili ki, am periodis mkveTrad gamoxatuli xelweris mqone
mxatvaria, romelic dResdReobiT contemporary-is epoqaSi gabatonebuli kiCisa da
nihilizmis fonze, qmnis axal qarTul mxatvrul esTetikas da Tanamedrove xelov-
nebis konteqstSi kvlav momarTulia Seqmnas mSvenieri, esTetizirebuli, ara ngre-
vasa da agresiaze agebuli, aramed liriul-romantizebuli mxatvruli samyaro.

Venera Gotsiridze
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

Several Trends of Modern Georgian Painting

on an Example of Tamar Melikishvili’s Works

The article examines artworks of still active Georgian artists who worked in different genres in the 1990s
of the 20th century. It demonstrates the trends of that time based on the examples of Tamar Melikishvili’s
works. The characteristic features of that time include laconicism of composition, describing of a content
through symbols, application of a special meaning of the colors, aesthetics of the forms, synthesis of
painting and graphic work, conditionality and associative relations, attempts to establish direct contact
with the audience and sharing of impressions.
216

1. vaxo buRaZe, usaTauro, 2014 Vakho Bughadze, Untitled, 2014

2. Tamar meliqiSvili, bebiaCemis saxli, 2016 Tamar Melikishvili, The House of My Grandma, 2016
 217

3. Tamar meliqiSvili, niu, 2015 Tamar Melikishvili, Nude, 2015

4. sofo CxikvaZe, niu, 2000-iani ww. Sopo Chkhikvadze, Nude, 2000s

218

5. Tamar meliqiSvili, xareba, 1990-iani ww.

Tamar Melikishvili, Annunciation, 1990s

6. Tamar meliqiSvili, saidumlo seroba, 2000-iani ww. Tamar Melikishvili, The Last Supper, 2000s
 219

7. guranda qlibaZe, angelozi, 2012

Guranda Klibadze, The Angel, 2012

8. Tamar meliqiSvili, angelozi, 2016

Tamar Melikishvili, The Angel, 2016
220

9. Tamar meliqiSvili, balTazari, 1990-iani ww.

Tamar Melikishvili, Balthazar, 1990s
 221

mariam miqaZe
apolon quTaTelaZis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

religiisa da politikis kveTaze

(1990-iani wlebis qarTuli postmodernistuli vizualuri
xelovnebis erTi aspeqti)

rogorc mxatvrulma movlenebma aCvena, xelovneba arasdros yofila socialurad

iseTi aqtiuri da garemos mimarT kritikuli, rogorc XX saukuneSi. amgvari iner-
cia XXI saukuneSic, SeiZleba etapobrivi saxecvliT, Tumca kidev ufro ikrebs
Zalas da radikalur saxes iZens. xelovnebis funqcias didi xania aRar warmoad-
gens mxolod maRal materiebze, sulierebaze saubari. man samyaros gamowvevebze
_ globalizaciaze, konsumerizmze, komercializaciaze, epoqis teqnogenuroba-
ze, socio-politikur, ekologiur sakiTxebze da amis fonze, Seryeul Rirebule-
bebze msjeloba/kritikis, problemaTa dafiqsirebis roli itvirTa.
am mocemulobaSi, sakulto xelovnebis pararelurad arsebuli, xelovanTa subieq-
turi interpretaciebiT nasazrdoeb sekularul xelovnebaSi gaCenili religiuri
konteqstebi gansakuTrebulad sayuradRebo, simptomatur niSnebs avlens. axali
araa, rom postmodernistuli xelovneba da religiur/spiritualuri aspeqtebi,
Tavis TavSive konfrontaciulobas warmoSobs. cxadia, amis mizezi modernistul
TeoriebSi unda veZioT, sadac religiasa da xelovnebas Soris erTgvari distancia
mkafiod iqna dafiqsirebuli. filosofiuri eWvebi RvTaebriobaze da religiisad-
mi skepticizmi Riad gacxadda XIX saukunis evropaSi da kulminaciad iqca fridrix
nicSes ganaCenSi _ `RmerTi mokvda~, ramac aCvena, rom mokvda idea RmerTis Sesaxeb
da religias aRar hqonda iseTi Zlieri moraluri avtoriteti, rogorc adre. XX
saukuneSi es procesebi gamZafrda _ ideebi, romlebic kvebavda xelovnebas, mom-
dinareobda ara Teologiidan, aramed Tanamedrove filosofiidan, liberaluri
da radikaluri politikidan. xelovneba SeuerTda progresul, racionalur seku-
larizms da radikalur subieqturobas, sadac religiisaTvis adgili sul ufro
naklebi rCeboda. am Teoriebs kidev ufro amwvavebs postmodernizmi, romlis dis-
kursiTac religia xazgasmiT kvalificirdeba rogorc azrovnebis moZvelebuli
forma, xelovanis inteleqtualuri sisustis maCvenebeli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
religia tabuirebuli Tema gaxda art samyaroSi CarTuli adamianebisaTvis. xelo-
vanebis Tu xelovnebis istorikosebisaTvis am Temebze muSaoba naklebprestiJu-
lad miiCneva, maSin roca namuSevari, romelic Seicavs religiis kritikas, postmo-
dernizmisaTvis saxasiaTo ironias da provokaciulobas, xSir SemTxvevaSi saxelo-
vnebo sivrceSi miRebulia da metic, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSi eqceva.
Tumca, sainteresoa, rom miuxedavad religiur/spiritualur TemaTa tabuirebisa,
maTi magaliTebi mudmivad iCens Tavs modernistul Tu postmodernistul xelo-
vnebaSi. gamomsaxveloba sxvadasxvagvaria: vxvdebiT advilad sacnob, specifikur
religiur ikonografiasac, magram ufro xSirad spiritualuri aspeqtebis arse-
boba, interpretaciaTa cda SeiniSneba gamomsaxvelobiT enaSi, formebSi, masaleb-
222
Si, romlebic, erTi SexedviT, moklebu-
lia aSkara religiurobas1. erTgvarad,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xelovanebi meta-
fizikuri ideebis, religiur/spiri-
tualuri sazrisebis gadmosacemad fa-
rul, gaumJRavnebel, kodirebul enas
mimarTaven. es SeniRbuli spiritualu-
ri mniSvnelobebi, rasac religiis is-
torikosi mirCa eliade aRwers rogorc
sakraluris `komuflaJs~2, SesaZloa
aRiarebuli iqnas xelovanis mxridan an
piriqiT, uaryos is. dasaSvebia isic, rom
latenturi spiritualuri waxnagebis
arseboba namuSevarSi, SesaZloa, Tavad
artistsac ar hqondes calsaxad gaa-
zrebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, amgvari
mocemulobebi kvlevis dros gansakuT-
rebulad sagulisxmo xdeba da damate-
biT kiTxvebsa da amocanebs badebs.
XX saukunis qarTuli xelovnebis gan-
viTarebis xazSi religiuri Temebi
sporadulad avlens Tavs3. am TemebiT
1
SemTxveviTi rodia, rom XX saukuneSi
yvelaze metad spiritualuri plastebis ar-
seboba abstraqtul xelovnebaSi gacxadda.
Teosofiam da msgavsma „filosofiebma“
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina abstraqci-
is pionerebis _ vasili kandinskis, kazimir
maleviCis da pit mondrianis xelovnebaze.
am gziT mxatvrebi cdilobdnen abstraqtu-
li zedapirebiT, formebiTa da ferebiT
mnaxvelSi spiritualuri gancdebi Tu med-
itaciuri SegrZnebebi gamoewviaT. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom mogvianebiT, 1940-50-ian wlebSi
es funqcia abstraqtulma eqspresionizmma
aiRo sakuTar Tavze. R. Rosenblum, Modern Paint-
ing and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rot-
hko, New York, 1975.
2
D. Allen, Myth and Religion in Mircea Eliade, 1998, gv. 273.
3
suraTebi religiur Temebze Seqmnili aqvT
g. gabaSvilsa da al. mrevliSvils. amasTan, n.
firosmanaSvilis, d. kakabaZisa da S. qiqoZis
xelovnebaSi mniSvnelovani religiuri im-
pulsebis aRmoCenaa SesaZlebeli. mogvi-
anebiT, 1970-ian wlebSi religiuri Tematika
Cndeba r. Tarxan-mouravTan, al. banZelaZ-
esTan, l. cucqiriZesTan, T. jafariZesTan,
e. onianTn, a. varazTan.
siRrmiseuli da aqtiuri daintereseba
ki 1980-iani wlebidan iwyeba, rodesac
axalma Taobam _ `80-ianelebma~4 didi
inteleqtualuri muSaobisa da formi-
seuli Ziebis sinTeziT, SeZles urTu-
lesi Teologiuri Temebis vizualiza-
cia, xelovnebis gziT, siRrmiseuli sa-
zrisebis gaazreba daiwyes da istoriisa
da religiis konteqstSi dasves kiTxve-
bi identobis Sesaxeb, rogorc erTgvari
aqti xelovnebis winaswarmetyveluri
bunebisa _ artistuli intuicia sabWo-
Ta sistemis dasasrulis Sesaxeb.
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, postsa-
bWoTa saqarTveloSi, sadac axladmopo-
vebuli Tavisufleba da misi gaazreba,
imaze metad rTuli aRmoCnda, vidre war-
moedginaT, krizisis mZime periodi dad-
ga. Sesabamisi socialur-politikuri da
zogadad Tematuri siWrele aisaxa kidec
vizualur xelovnebaSi. amasTan, 1980-
iani wlebis bolosa da 1990-iani wlebis
dasawyisSi postmodernistuli praqti-
kebisaTvis saxasiaTo formatebis (obieq-
ti, instalacia, video arti, performan-
si da a.S) Semosvlam, SedarebiT metma in-
formaciulma gaxsnlobam, siaxlisadmi
interesma, mxatvruli garemos gansakuT-
rebulad energiuli muxti gansazRvra5.
4
es termini CvenSi „samuSao“ saxiT dam-
kvidrda, Tumca jerjerobiT mainc bundo-
vani rCeba da ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli
vin da ra kriteriumiT moiazreba am nakadSi
da zogadad raSi mdgomareobs am mxatvru-
li movlenebis raoba (mocemul SemTxvevaSi
terminSi „80-ianelebi“, Cvens sakvlev Temas-
Tan mimarTebiT, igulisxmebian l.WoRoSvi-
li, i. farjiani, g. buRaZe da m. abramiSvili).
5
es Cveni kvlevis specifikuri mocemulobaa,
radgan am statiis farglebSi, Cven swored im
artmediebSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebs ganvix-
ilavT, romelic 1990-iani wlebis postsabWo-
Ta sivrcisaTvis axlebur, alternatiul
formad gamoiyureboda da Cvens sakvlev _
religiur TemasTan mimarTebaSi, damatebi-
Ti kiTxvebisa da ufro meti winaaRmdegobis
gamCenia, vidre es SesaZloa tradiciul for-
maSi gamovlindes.

marTalia, am periodSi, religiuri Tema
araa xSiri, Tumca ramdenime magali-
Tic ki, garemos ambivalenturobisa da
araerTgavrovnebis gamo, sayuradRebo
plastebis gamxsnelia.
saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriisa da qar-
Tuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis swored
am specifikuri periodis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT, gansakuTrebulad sainteresod
avlens Tavs religiur da politikur
TemaTa kveTa. es statia swored am Tema-
zea koncentrirebuli. SevecadeT gveC-
venebina, rogor warmoaCens vizualuri
xelovneba problemas _ religia, ro-
gorc politika. miT ufro, rom poli-
tikis religiasTan gaTanabreba, ufro
zustad ki Canacvleba da am mimarTebis
xelovnebis enaze Targmna, XX saukunis
totalitaruli reJimebis kulturuli
diskursebisaTvis saxasiaTo movlenaa
da miTologiuri azrovnebis, rituale-
bisa da religiur simboloTa sisteme-
bis gamoyenebiT xasiaTdeba. cnobilia,
rom sabWoTa modelSi marTlmadideb-
luri rwmena dogmaturma marqsistul-
ma ideologiam Caanacvla da mesianuri
religiis mniSvnelobad transformir-
da, rac vizualur xelovnebaSic aisa-
xa da socialisturi realizmi swored
marTlmadideblur ikonografias iye-
nebs Zalauflebis saCveneblad. es Cvens
gamocdilebaSi sabWoTa warsulis saxiT
arsebobs da misi Zala imdenad Zlieri
aRmoCnda, rom postsabWoTa sazoga-
doebis cnobierebaSic ki ar kargavs aq-
tualurobas.
Tu bolSevizmma Tavi axal religiad
gamoacxada da 70 wliani aTeizmis xana
dadga, postsabWoTa sivrceSi 1990-iani
wlebidan, Tavisufleba axalmopovebu-
li qveynisaTvis, religia praqtikulad,
identobis erTaderTi Zlieri ganmsa-
zRvreli aRmoCnda. filosofosi zaza
firaliSvili 1990-ian wlebSi miRebul
suraTs religiuri cxovrebis `bums~
223
ukavSirebs6. cxadia, aseT mocemulobaSi
politikis mxridan religiuri grZno-
bebiT manipulireba SemTxveviTi rodia.
Tanamedrove vizualuri xelovnebis is-
toriaSi am Temebze kritikuli pozicie-
bis dafiqsireba dasavluri samyarosaT-
vis xSiria. aRmoCnda, rom am problemebs
qarTveli xelovanebi 1990-ian wlebSive
exebian da gvTavazoben garkveul in-
terpretacias _ ganzogadebuls, Tu
lokaluri konteqtidan amosuls, rac
vizualuri xelovnebis eniT garkveuli
kritikuli Sefasebis mcdelobebad Se-
gviZlia ganvixiloT. Temas luka lasa-
reiSvlis, gia rigvavasa da konstantine
sulaberiZis namuSevarTa magaliTebze
ganvixilavT da SevecdebiT, davakvir-
deT Tu ra mizniT, ra xerxiT, romeli
mxatvruli formiT iyeneben artistebi
namuSevrebSi religiur konteqsts.
Tanamedrove samyaros diskursi _ sai-
dumlo seroba atomur kafeSi
luka lasareiSvilis mxatvrul praq-
tikaSi postmodernistuli xelovnebis
sametyvelo ena mas Semdeg Cndeba, rac igi
dasavleTTan pirdapir kavSirze gadis7.
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, germania-
Si gadasvlis Semdgom, xelovani insta-
laciiT interesdeba8. icvleba namuSe-
6
saubari religiaze: zaza firaliSvili
_ religia, saxelmwifo da liberalizmi
_ Tabula Tenevision _ https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=wlXg_2XwDeo
7
interviu leonid baJanovTan: „...[saqarTve-
loSi] modernizmi didxans gagrZelda, con-
temporary art mxatvrul praqtikaSi mniSvnelo-
vani dagvianebiT gavrcelda. gia eZgveraZe
erT-erTi pirveli iyo, gia rigvava _ Semde-
gi Taobaa. iseTi mxatvrebi, rogoric lasa-
reiSvilia, icvlebodnen ukve dasavleTSi
wasvlis Semdeg, sadac ecnobodnen contempo-
rary art-s.“(Targm. x.xabuliani). http://viperson.
ru/articles/ekzistentsialnaya-strategiya-i-eticheska-
ya-pozitsiya
8
cxadia, dasavleTSi wasvlis mizezi swo-
red es iyo _ mieRo is gamocdilebebi, ra-
sac adgilobrivi sivrce ver aZlevda, miT
224
varTa Tematikac, globaluri proble-
mebi mTavar saazrovno arealad iqceva.
amis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa instalacia
`saidumlo seroba~ (sur. 1), romelic
mxatvarma 1994 wels qalaq kiolnSi, (Gal-
lery Jule Kewenig, Frechen-Bachem (In the Sho-
wroom of Gallery Johnen & Schöttle) warmoad-
gina da globalur socio-politikur
problemebze saubars am saxarebiseuli
siuJetis axal realobaSi transformi-
rebuli aqtis reJimSi Seecada9.
erTi SexedviT, es kafes interieris imi-
taciaa _ sivrceSi sami TeTri momcro
magida da 12 skamia warmodgenili, sadac
aSkara miniSneba religiur konteqst-
Si Tanamedrove problemaTa gaazre-
bisa naklebad ikveTeba. Weridan Tavi-
suflad daSvebuli 12 suraTi am scenas
gars ejareba da maTi Sinaarsi proble-
mis gaxsnas iwyebs. trafaretuli beW-
dviT, negativis principis simulaciiT
gadatanili gamosaxulebebi monoqro-
mul popartul imijebs emsgavseba. ti-
loze qviSis Sereva faqturulobasa da
samxedro komuflaJis xakisferi tona-
lobis replikas amZafrebs, rac namuSe-
vrebze gamosaxuli Temebis konceptSi
erTiandeba _ atomuri iaraRis pirveli
gamoyeneba atlantikis okeaneSi (sur. 2),
ufro, rom misi interesi tradiciuli mx-
atvrobisagan gansxvavebuli Tu alterna-
tiuli formebis keTebis mimarT jer kidev
saqarTveloSi ikveTeboda da mxatvari aq-
tiurad qmnida abstraqciebs, Tumca saz-
RvargareT wasvlis Semdgom is nel-nela
Sordeba am tipis mxatvrobas da axali for-
matebis mosinjvas cdilobs.
9
Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi, am Temis
(saidumlo serobis) ferweruli inter-
pretaciebi, 1980-iani wlebidan gia buRaZis
mxatvrul-konceftualuri suraTebis sax-
iT Cndeba. urTulesi saxarebiseuli siu-
Jetis Rrma Teologiuri sazrisebis Zieba,
amavdroulad, Temis Tanamedrove epoqis
diskursSi danaxva da am konteqstSi dRes
arsebuli problemebis farulTqmis gziT
aqtualizeba, mxatvris mudmivi fiqris sa-
gans warmoadgens.
birTvuli afeTqeba CernobilSi (sur.
3), sabWoTa tankebis gamoCena avRaneTSi,
samxedro sasaflao da a.S. _ teqnolo-
giuri progresisa da politikis tra-
gikul gadakveTaze migvaniSnebs. esaa
erTgvari imitacia sakurTxevlis xate-
bis rigis naratiuli xasiaTisa, romle-
bic maradiul ciklurobas asaxavs, rac
Tanamedrove epoqis dramatul aqtebs
bibliur siuJetTa Txrobas amsgavsebs
da epoqis diskursis kritikuli Sefa-
sebis mcdelobad SeiZleba ganvixiloT.
instalaciis sivrcis konstruirebas
TeTr iatakze aqtiuri wiTeli jvris
forma gansazRvravs, rogorc globa-
lur sakiTxTa problemurobis mZafri
vizualuri niSani. scenas zemodan rka-
li da misgan gadmosuli sxivebismagva-
ri forma asrulebs, rogorc imitacia
globusis meridianebisa, rac scenaSi
arsebuli Txrobis wriul dinamikaze
amaxvilebs yuradRebas da namuSevris
Sinaarsobrivi sistemis Semkvrelia _
instalacia artistis mier danaxuli
realobis mikromodeli xdeba. sagu-
lisxmoa, rom `ukanaskneli serobis~
lasareiSviliseul variantSi, Tu ins-
talacias am bibliuri scenis ikonogra-
fiis mixedviT SevxedavT, mecamete skami
ar gvxvdeba, arc qristesa da iudas ad-
gilzea miTiTeba, riTic artisti Tavs
aridebs ambis ilustraciulobas da
interpretaciis farTo xedvas arCevs
_ qaoturi samyaros am mikromodelSi
binaruli opoziciebis alegoriulad,
konkretul amqveyniur faqtebSi proe-
cirebas da maTi gamovlinebis laten-
tur xasiaTs usvams xazs.
instalaciis formasTan erTad, Semo-
dis kidev erTi mxatvruli praqtika _
l. lasareiSvilis `saidumlo serobis~
mnaxvelebi instalaciis sivrceSi xvde-
bian, sadac imitirebul kafeSi Camoj-
domac SeuZliaT, iwyeba suraTTa aRq-
mis procesi da swored am garemoSi maT
umaspinZldebian RviniTa da puriT, am-

gvarad TamaSdeba evqaristiuli aqti _
erTgvarad Semodis ritualis elemen-
ti da mnaxveli TviTon xdeba perfor-
meri, rac postmodernistuli xelov-
nebis maxasiaTebelia10. performansis
SemTxvevaSi, ritualuri qmedebisaTvis
instalaciis sivrcis gamoyeneba, kidev
ufro uwyobs xels imitirebuli spiri-
tualizebuli efeqtebis gaZlierebas,
miT ufro, rom namuSevarSi garkveuli
religiuri siuJetis transformaciiT
xdeba Sinaarsobrivi gaxsna da ritualic
swored religiur praqtikas axlavs
Tan. Cans, rom es `atomuri kafea~ _ mZi-
me Tanamedrove realobis vizualiza-
cia, tragikuli faqtebiT gajerebuli
sakomunikacio are, sadac imitirdeba
saidumlo serobis Zireuli Teolo-
giuri aspeqti _ pirveli ziareba, da
amis fonze, Cveulebrivma obieqtebma
Tu qmedebebma SesaZloa, gansakuTrebu-
li mniSvneloba SeiZinos, Camoyalibdes
erTgvari ritualuri ceremoniis at-
mosfero, sadac samyaroSi arsebuli ua-
ryofiTi Zalis gaazreba/gacnobierebas
simulaciuri saxe eZleva.
swored zemoT axsnili principiT _ si-
vrcis suraTebiT SemozRudviTa da am
namuSevrebTan recipientis komunika-
ciiT, instalaciis wriuli struqtu-
10
ritualuri qmedebis saxelovnebo praqt-
kaSi Semotanis TvalsaCino magaliTi ger-
maneli artisti iozef boisia. is 1960-70-ian
wlebSi akeTebs mTel rig performansebs
gansazRvrul sivrceebSi, xan mxolod Tvi-
Ton, xan procesSi sxva adamianebsac rTavs
da amiT SesaZloa CavTvaloT, rom artis-
ti, erTgvarad, mRvdlis an Samanis rols
iTavsebs. misi gavlena dResac Zalian didia.
Tanamedrove xelovanebi, magaliTad marina
abramoviCi, linda montano, volfgang lei-
bi, swored, is artistebi arian, romelnic
muSaoben ritualuri aqtivobebiT. cxadia,
l. lasareiSvili ase Sors ar midis da misi
roli, rogorc performeris aq ar aris ar-
sebiTad ganmsazRvreli, Tumca, ziarebis aq-
tis Semotana postmodernistuli artistu-
li aqtivobebis gaazrebis mcdelobas gavs.
225
riT, Sida centraluri ares sakomunika-
cio plastad qceviT, l. lasareiSvilis
namuSevari mark rodkos kapelis (1964-
1967) (sur. 4) instalaciis xelovneba-
Si interpretirebul saxes emsgavseba.
rodko sagangebod, oqtogonze agebu-
li samlocvelos imitaciiT, sivrceSi
spiritualur SegrZnebebze provoci-
rebs, triptiqonis wyobis mqone, muqi,
monoqromuli uzarmazari suraTebis
warmodgeniT, mayurebels tradiciuli
sakurTxevlis xatebTan asociaciisken
ubiZgebs, mxolod ara konkretuli re-
ligiuri konfesiis kuTvnilebis niSniT.
rodkos rTuli artistuli sistema me-
ditaciisken xsnis gzas da metafizikuri
ideebis danaSrevebs efuZneba11. cxadia,
l. lasareiSvilis namuSevari sruliad
ar cdilobs am tipis interpretacias,
ar flobs spiritualur siRrmiTobas
da metafizikur planSi gasvlis ideas,
aq artisti absoluturad sxva Sinaar-
sobriv aqcentebzea koncentrirebu-
li. Tumca, principi sivrcis gancdisa
da instalaciis agebulebiTi struq-
turisa _ suraTebTan bmaSi myofobiT
problemis gaanalizebis procesi Sed-
ges, Tundac ironizirebuli gaTamaSe-
biT anda gulwrfeli mcdelobiT, l.
11
art kritikosis robert rosenblumis
azriT, 1940-50-ian wlebSi, abstraqtul-
ma eqspresionistebma barnet niumanma da
mark rodkom gaagrZeles romantikuli in-
teresi amaRlebulis mimarT, imediT, rom
mayurebelSi gaaRviZebdnen TiTqmis reli-
giur xedviT gamocdilebas didi zomis us-
agno tiloebiT, rac Tavis TavSi im modern-
istuli artistuli poziciis gagrZelebas
warmoadgenda, rac vasili kandinskisTan,
kazimir maleviCTan da pit mondrianTan
Cndeba _ ideas/molodins, rom mnaxvelSi
abstraqtul zedapirebsa da formebze da-
kvirvebam/Wvretam, Rrma meditaciuri Seg-
rZnebebi gamoiwvios. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
am artistuli xedvis erTgvar kulminacias
swored rodkos kapela warmoadgens. R. Rosen-
blum, Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition:
Friedrich to Rothko, 1975.
226
lasareiSvilTan praqtikulad, rodkos
kapelis sistemis sxva konteqstSi Cve-
nebis cdas emsgavseba (miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom m. rodkosa da l. lasareiSvilis
suraTebis vizualuri mxare sruliad
gansxavdeba erTmaneTisgan da mxolod
sivrceSi maTi, rogorc xatebis rigis
gaazrebaa msgavsi). rasakvirvelia, mark
rodko amas sruliad sxva masStabiT
axorcielebs, Tumca Cven, am SemTxveva-
Si, namuSevarTa ideuri, Tu struqtu-
ruli principis garkveul siaxloves
ganvixilavT, rac sakuTriv l. lasareiS-
vilis instalaciis gamomsaxvelobiTi
enisa, Tu mayurebelTa aRqmis procesis
interpretaciaSi gvexmareba.
sabWoTa warsulis mqone mxatvris Ta-
namedrove artis enis gacnoba/gacnobi-
erebis procesis kargi vizualizaciaa
instalaciaSi dazguri suraTebis Car-
Tvac. faqtobrivad, l. lasareiSvilis
tradiciuli mediumi _ mxatvroba, ro-
melic misi kargad SeTvisebuli warsu-
li gamocdilebaa, realobis ilustri-
rebul variants gvTavazobs da kveTaSia
postmodernistul tendenciebTan,
meore mxriv, axal formebTan _ insta-
laciis xelovnebisa da performansis
cakleul niSnebTan. realur sivrceSi
saidumlo serobis siuJeti transfor-
mirebulia Tanamedrove droiT per-
cefciaSi, riTic postmodernistuli
samyaros gamanadgurebel inerciaze
keTdeba aqcenti. artisti cdilobs
mayurebels aCvenos qristes ukanaskne-
li serobis konteqstSi arsebuli rea-
lobis problemuroba. religia im dozi-
Taa interpretirebuli namuSevarSi, ra
doziTac dasWirda xelovans sakuTriv
Tanamedrove samyaros dramatuli aspe-
qtis aqtualizebisaTvis. instalaciis
saxelwodebac `saidumlo/ukanasknli
seroba, atomuri kafe~ sityvaTa TamaSs
emsgavseba da religiur konotaciasTan
erTad, Tu misgan damoukideblad, glo-
balur problemaTa prezentirebasa da
maT gamZafrebaze aqvs pretenzia.
Ты можешь положиться на меня
k. kaWarava Tavis statiaSi `qarTuli
avangardis istoriisTvis~,12 roca ad-
gilobivi art-scenis garkveul siste-
matizaciasa da aRweras cdilobs, imTa-
viTve Semohyavs 1987 wels moskovidan
TbilisSi Camosuli gia rigvavas per-
sona, rogorc `Cveni sinamdvilisaTvis
moulodneli, sakmaod uCveulo osta-
ti~, da mis Semoqmedebas afasebs, ro-
gorc dazRveuls `zogadsabWouri re-
gionalizmis konformistuli konteqs-
tebisgan~ da Cvens pirobebSi misi xelo-
vnebis revoluciurobas usvams xazs,13
rac SemTxveviTi rodia. gia rigvavas
Tanamedrove xelovnebiT daintereseba
ukavSirdeba moskovis andergraundisa-
gan miRebul STabeWdilebas, ramac mas
kidec gaumZafra vizualur xelovneba-
Si garkvevis survili14.
cxadia, gia rigvavas xelovnebis gaa-
nalizebisas, mniSvnelovan faqtorad
vlindeba moskovis xelovnebis konte-
qsti. miT ufro, rom video arti sru-
liad moskovuri artistuli sivrcidan
provocirebul movlenas warmoadgens
12
k. kaWarava, qarTuli avangardis istori-
isTvis, statiebi, 2006, gv.100.
13
k. kaWarava, „xelovneba, romelic saint-
eresoa yvelasaTvis“, statiebi, 2006, gv. 136.
14
am mizniT, is abarebs surikovis saxelo-
bis moskovis xelovnebis saxelmwifo insti-
tutSi (ferweris fakulteti) da fundamen-
tur Teoriul Tu praqtikul muSaobas iw-
yebs. amgvarad, saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli
mxatvris (g. rigvava am periodisTvis ukve
namyofia evropaSi da garkveuli warmodge-
na aqvs Tanamedrove xelovnebis specifikasa
da dasavlur tendenciebze) xelovneba ukve
mniSvnelovan Teoriul bazis efuZneba: da-
muSavebuli aqvs inglisurenovani liter-
atura da xeli miuwvdeba im informaciaze,
rac adgilobrivi xelovanebisaTvis siax-
les warmoadgens, amitomac, bunebrvia, rom
am periodSi k. kaWaravas msgavsad, isic qa-
rTveli mxatvrebisaTvis informaciis mom-
wodebel-interpretatoris rols iTavsebs.

da racionalur-socialuri kritikis
Temebze akeTebs ganacxads. bunebrivia,
1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi postsabWo-
Ta moskovuri xelovneba im gamowveve-
bis winaSe dgas, rasac saerTaSoriso
konteqstSi integracia warmoadgens.
moskovis art sivrceSi axali teqnolo-
giebi gansakuTrebulad popularuli
xdeba, ramac, cxadia, bevri, sivrcisaT-
vis araorganuli da uxarisxo namuSeva-
ri warmoSva. swored am rTul mxatvrul
procesebs emTxveva gia rigvavas video
artiT dainteresebac da Sesabamisad, am
problematuri tendenciebis fargleb-
Si, misi xelovnebis mxatvruli amoca-
nebis da xarisxis Sesaxeb ismeva kiTxva.
xelovnebaTmcodne milena orlova gia
rigvavas misvlas axal teqnologiebam-
de swored am simptomisagan mijnavs da
ambobs, rom axali mediebiT daintere-
sebul xelovanTagan, lamis mxolod is
aRmoCnda erTaderTi, vis artistul ga-
dawyvetaSic arCeuli sametyvelo enis
aqtualuroba momdinareobda sakuTari
mxatvruli proeqtis logikidan da es ar
warmoadgenda Zveli ideebis axal medi-
ebSi meqanikurad warmoCenis mcdelobas,
rac sakuTriv tradiciul teqnikaSic
sakmarisad warmatebiT SeiZleba ganxor-
cieldes15. es azri sruliad damajereb-
lad JRers, radgan 1993 wels galerist
marat germanis mier organzebuli poli-
tikuri xasiaTis gamofenaSi _ `xelo-
vneba, rogorc xelisufleba da xeli-
sufleba, rogorc xelovneba~ („Седьмому
съезду народных депутатов посвящается“,
Центральный Дом Художника, Москва) wamo-
Wrilma problematikam g. rigvava kri-
tikuli, Zalian zusti politikur/so-
cialuri mesijisa da misi adeqvaturi
mxatvruli formis Ziebis winaSe daayena,
rac aqamde ar warmoadgenda aqtualur
Temas misi saazrovno arealisaTvis. ar-
tisti dadga mayurebelTan sxva tipis
15
Гия Ригвава; Критика, М.Орлова _ http://www.
persona.rin.ru/view/f//22001/rigvava-gija
227
komunikaciis saWiroebis winaSe, ramac
igi logikurad miiyvana alternatiul
enamde _ video artis sametyvelo niSan-
Ta sistemebamde16. swored am gamowvevis
Sedegs waradgens g. rigvava am gamofe-
naze video artis saxiT. xelovani Tavad
Cndeba monitorze da uwyvetad imeorebs
frazas: `ar daujeroT maT, isini ityue-
bian!~ (“Не верьте им, они все врут“) (sur. 5).
xazgasasmelia artistis funqcia _ aq
is performerad warmogvidgeba da saku-
Tari Tavis prezentirebiT, video artis
konceptis verbalizacias axdens, rac
namuSevars videoperformansis Janrs
miakuTvnebs. m. orlova azustebs da am
aqts teleperformansad moixseniebs,
rac uSualod namuSevris ideis gaxs-
nisTvis xdeba arsebiTi _ es telega-
dacemis formatia, romelSic `sagange-
bo~ gancxadebis mudmivi cirkulireba
xdeba. am video namuSevarma gia rigavavs
moskovis saxelovnebo sivrceSi gansa-
kuTrebuli aRiareba moutana, mesiji
da mxatvruli forma Zalian zusti da
Zlieri aRmoCnda, rac swored, video
artis formatiTaa miRweuli. artisti
am specifikiT muSaobas agrZelebs da
momdevno gamofenaze warmoadgens namu-
Sevars, romelic swored CvenTvis sain-
tereso problemas _ religiisa da po-
litikis kveTas exeba.
sagulisxmoa, rom Tu pirvel video per-
formansSi (“Не верьте им, они все врут“)
televizoridan `diqtoris~ Ria kriti-
ka ismis, gzavnili sruliad naTeli da
16
miT ufro, rom g. rigvavas artistuli ga-
mocdileba Tanmimdevrulad itevs dasav-
luri mxatvruli praqtikebis: „arte pove-
ras“ tradiebSi _ „Raribi“ masalebiT eqs-
perimentirebas, minimalisturi xelovnebis
midgomebs, „axali velurebis“ mxatvrobiT
dainteresebas, zogadad postmodernis-
tul aRqmas suraTis fenomenTan dakavSir-
debiT, rac xelovanisaTvis erTgvari bazisi
aRmoCnda video artis enasTan samuSaod da
praqtikulad, axali mediebi misi mxatvru-
li Ziebebis logikur gagrZelebad iqca.
228
zustia, m. germanis am proeqtis rigiT
meore gamofenaze `konversia~, xelovani
waradgens igive principze dafuZnebul
videoperformanss, romelSic kvlav Ta-
vadaa performeri, mxolod am SemTxve-
vaSi igi cvlis pozicias _ aq artisti
politikosis rols irgebs: g. rigvavas
gamosaxuleba Tavze SaravandiT Cndeba
ekranze da dausruleblad warmoTqvams
frazas: `SegiZlia Cemi imedi gqondes~
(`Ты можешь положиться на меня“) (sur. 6),
rasac, pirveli video performansis
Riad kritikuli xasiaTisgan gansxvave-
biT, ironiis toni Semoaqvs da avtoris,
rogorc `wmindanad~ warmoCenili `po-
litikosis~, imitacia namuSevris pro-
vokaciul xasiaTs gansazRvravs.
video performansis zogadi mxatvru-
li saxe erTmniSvnelovnad martivia _
axlo kadriT, neitralur fonze fron-
talurad mdgomi performeri, mayure-
belisaken momarTuli mzeriT, damaje-
rebeli, mSvidi xmis tembriT, erTgvari
reprezentaciuli xasiaTiT, `wmindanis
moZravi xatis~ imitaciaa, romelic, ima-
vdroulad, saarCevno moZravi baneris
funqciTacaa datvirTuli. realuri ga-
mosaxulebisa da kompiuteruli grafi-
kis sinTezi _ aqtiuri cisferi Saravan-
di, rogorc `danamati~, aRrmavebs namu-
Sevris ironiul JReradobas. es `wmin-
danis gamocxadebis~ simulaciaa, rasac
teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, muqi foni da
artistisaken mimarTuli ganaTeba, ki-
dev ufro usvams xazs da politikosis
groteskul saxes warmoqmnis. tavto-
logiuri verbaluri demonstraciisa
da gamosaxulebis cikluri reprezen-
taciuloba, winasaarCevnod mesiad mo-
vlenili politikosis reCitativia,
romelic individualurad mimarTavs
mnaxvels da yvela gamomsaxvelobiTi
xerxi mayurebelze STabeWdilebis mo-
xdeniskenaa mimarTuli, rac masmediisa
da sazogadoebis komunikaciis princip-
sac refleqsirebs. procesi amgvaria:
gamosaxuleba kontaqtze gamodis, `ga-
nacxads~ akeTebs da qreba. Semdeg kvlav
inTeba ekrani, igive kadri Cndeba da ase
dausruleblad _ vizualuri da ver-
baluri diskursis kveTa aq formulis
donemdea dayvanili da garkveul rit-
mulobas efuZneba, rac namuSevars gan-
sakuTrebul sisxartesa da lakoniuro-
bas sZens _ artistis mesiji gamofenis
konteqstTan mimarTebiT aqtualizir-
deba da Zalian zust saxes iZens.
gia rigvavas video performansis same-
tyvelo ena brius naumanis videoinsta-
laciis „Anthro/Socio“ (sur. 7) konceptis
mxatvruli verbalizaciis principTan
avlens msgavsebas, ris warmoCenasac,
Cvens mier ganxiluli namuSevris aRq-
mis sisrulemde mivyavarT. amis Sesaxeb
Tavad g. rigvavac saubrobs da xazs us-
vams brius naumanis namuSevris naxvisas
aRZrul gancdasa da misgan miRebul
STabeWdilebaze, rogorc Zlieri Zalis
mqone gamomsaxvelobaze, ramac, faq-
tobrivad, misi video namuSevrebis same-
tyvelo ena gansazRvra17. gamosaxulebis
mayureblisaken momarTva, mzeriTi kon-
taqti, misgan warmoTqmuli dausruleb-
lad cirkulirebuli fraza da am gziT
mnaxvelze zegavlenis moxdena _ nau-
maniseuli is Zireuli konstruqciaa,
romelsac gia rigvava namuSevris Seqm-
nisaTvis `masalad~ iyenebs. cxadia, bri-
us naumanTan azrobrivi maxvilebi gan-
sxvavebulia da bevrad mZafr eqspresias
avlens (xazgasasmelia, rom es videoins-
talaciaa) _ monitorTa gamravleba
da Sesabamisad ramdenime xmovani rigi,
ritmis dinamikuroba frazebs (Feed me,
Help me, Eat me, Hurt me…) skandirebad
gardaqmnis da namuSevris gansakuTre-
bul intensivobas gansazRvravs, pra-
qtikulad, agresiul formad avlens,
maSin, roca gia rigvavas es principi sa-
17
irina popiaSvilis interviu gia rigva-
vasTan (2012) _ https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=S7iNd4F33Xk

kuTari konteqstisaTvis mosaxerxebel
CarCoebamde dahyavs _ frazis mSvidi,
monotonuri ritmis cirkulacia, po-
litikosisaTvis aucilebeli damaje-
rebloba, mayurebelTan, satelevizio
gadacemis formatis imitaciiT, komuni-
kaciis damyarebis saSualeba xdeba.
gia rigvavas video performansi postmo-
dernistuli kulturisaTvis saxasia-
To simulirebuli realobaa, sakuTriv
formati _ teleekranidan gadmocemu-
li `informacia~, misi mowodebis sisw-
rafe, provocirebs problemas _ masme-
dias warmoaCens, rogorc sazogadoebis
cnobierebaze momxden Zlier iaraRs. gia
rigvava afiqsirebs sakuTar pozicias
da sazogadoebis mxridan politikosis,
rogorc gadamrCenel mesiad, superg-
mirad miRebis, Zalian sxart, ironiul
kritikas gvTavazobs.
beladis „xati“
cnobilia, rom vizualur xelovnebaSi
socialisturi realizmis hibriduli
fenomeni, sabWoTa miTisa da paTosis
verbalizacias sakuTar meqanikur same-
tyvelo enaSi gaerTianebuli sxvadasxva
epoqisa da stilis mxatvruli sistemis
niSnebis meSveobiT axdenda (antikuri
xelovnebis formis idealizacia, re-
nesansisaTvis saxasiaTo monumenturi
ena, barokuli mizanscenebi da a.S.). sa-
xieria isic, rom politikis propagan-
dad qceul, oficialur xelovnebaSi,
sabWoTa sistemis mier SeTxzuli axa-
li komunisturi religiis vizualize-
ba marTlmadidebluri ikonografiis
principis meSveobiT xdeboda, sadac me-
siad movlenili beladi Tayvaniscemis
obieqtad iyo gaazrebuli da bibliuri
personaJis rols irgebda.
swored am fenomenis kvlevisa da warsu-
lis gadaazrebis erTgvar mcdelobad
vlindeba, ukve potsabWoTa periodSi,
kote sulaberiZis artistuli komenta-
ri (1990-iani wlebis bolo) _ sabWoTa
229
drois, seriuli, tipuri socrealis-
turi nimuSi stalinis portretisa, ro-
melic xelovanma, marTlmadidebluri
xatis simulaciiT, `Wedur perangSi~
warmoadgina, da mis win, rogorc erTg-
vari `fsevdo biblia~, wigni _ `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~ moaTavsa (sur. 8). namu-
Sevari interpretirebs sabWour miTs
beladis kultis Sesaxeb da SeiZleba
iTqvas, soc-artis sagangebod ekleq-
turi mxatvruli sistemiT vizualuri
azrovnebis nimuSs warmoadgens, ro-
melsac artisti postsabWoTa sivrceze
refleqsirebiT amuSavebs da amiT axal
saazrovno problematikaze akeTebs ar-
tistul komentars. soc-arts, romelic
1970-1980-iani wlebis rusuli araofi-
cialuri, e.w. sabWouri nonkonformis-
tuli xelovnebaa, boris groisi ganixi-
lavs, rogorc postutopiur mxatvrul
movlenas. movlenas, romelic ironiu-
lad parodirebs da opozicionirebs
oficialur mxatvrul models _ socia-
listur realizms18. es ki Tavs avlens da
axal droiT konteqstTan modis kveTaSi
kote sulaberiZis xelovnebaSic. mos-
koveli mxatvrebis _ vitali komarisa
da aleqsandre melamidis SefasebiT, vis
saxelebTanacaa dakavSirebuli es ar-
tistuli reaqcia, soc-arti sovieturi
interpretaciaa dasavluri postmo-
dernizmisa,19 rogorc amerikuli pop-
artis erTgvari analogi. marTlac,
orive SemTxvevaSi maskulturis konte-
qstidan xdeba amosvla _ Tu pop arti
yoveldRiur miTTan, gavrcelebul ni-
SanTa sistemebTan _ reklamebidan amo-
Rebul kliSeebze muSaobs da zedapi-
rul socialur Rirebulebebze akeTebs
komentars, pop-artis `sabWouri analo-
18
B. Groys,The Total Art of Stalinism: Avant-Garde, Aesthetic
Dictatorship, and Beyond, 2011, gv.10.
19
soc-artis sinTezirebuli saxeli vizual-
izirebs Tavad ideas _ „soc“ aRebulia so-
cialisturi realizmidan (socrealizimi),
xolo „art“ pop-artis replikaa.
230
gi~, soc-arti _ sabWoTa simboloebiT
`TamaSobs~, kombinirebs mas sxvadasxva
stilTan _ xSir SemTxvevaSi socrea-
lizmTan, sxva semiotikur sistemebTan
da amgvari ekleqturobiT parodirebs
masze, cdilobs Ria kritikulobiT aC-
venos sabWoTa sazogadoebis masobrivi
ideologia. kote sulaberiZis xelov-
neba, romelic swored pop-artistuli
midgomebiTa da socialisturi realiz-
mis imitaciebis sinTezirebiT metyve-
lebs, rig SemTxvevebSi, garkveulwilad
soc-artis niSnebs avlens, rac cxadad
vlindeba beladis `xatis~ SemTxvevaSi
_ masTan sabWouri miTi narativia, sta-
lini ki motivis saxes iZens, da niSnebis
TamaSiT stalinis miTis religiasTan
groteskuli gadakveTa xdeba. am provo-
kaciuli mimarTebiT _ marTlmadideb-
luri xatis `karkasSi~ beladis gamosa-
xulebis proecirebiT, sabWoTa siste-
mis miTologizirebuli saxis satiruli
mxileba xdeba.
soc-artis sametyvelo enaSi, sabWoTa
ideologiis kritikis mizniT, reli-
giuri ikonografiebis _ xatis mniSvne-
lobebi da sxva semiotikuri sistemebis
kombinaciebi saxasiaTo tendenciaa20.
20
erT-erTi Tamami artisti am Tvalsaz-
risiT aleqsandre kosolapovia, romelic
kritikuli diskursis SeqmnisaTvis iyenebs
provokaciul mimarTebebs _ religiur
konteqsts qristianuli ikonografiis meS-
veobiT. sabWoTa politikasTan mimarTebaSi
sainteresoa, jer kidev sabWoTa sivrceSi
Seqmnili misi konceptualuri fotografia
seriidan „deda-ruseTi“(1982) (sur. 9), sadac
wminda sebastianes martvilobis ambavi gaT-
amaSebulia sabWoTa sistemis mTavar simbo-
losTan _ namgalTan da urosTan mimarTe-
baSi, rogorc vizaulizacia artistis ra-
dikaluri poziciisa. identur Tematikaze
muSaobs vagrik baxCaniani, romlis namuSe-
varzec „jvarcma“(1980) (sur. 10), sabWoTa
kavSiris umaRlesi jildo _ leninis orde-
ni, qristes saxes ufaravs. am Temis variacia
ki gamovlinda moskovSi, andrei saxarovis
sazogadoebriv centrSi gamarTul skanda-
kote sulaberiZis namuSevrSi aRebuli
xatis forma mkafiod, martivi alegori-
uli vizualzaciiT aCvenebs stalinuri
sistemis muSaobis Zireul meqanizms _
postsabWoTa droiTi aRqmis distan-
ciiT cdilobs mxatvrul formaSi gar-
daqmnas miTi axali komunisturi reli-
giisa da beladis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb.
suraTi _ mza nimuSi, sabWoTa sistemis
artefaqti, romelic TavisTavad ukve
kitCia, Sinaarsobrivad konfliqtur
formaSi eqceva (mTavari saxasiaTo niSa-
ni soc-artisa). xatis citireba _ stali-
nis, rogorc sulieri lideris TeTr ki-
telSi gamosaxuli fsevdo heroikuli
figuris aluminis firfitiT Semojar-
va, gaazrebul ekleqtizms qmnis, kidev
ufro amZafrebs kitCuri imijis esTeti-
kas da ironiul afsurdamde midis.
es saxe-xati, romelic faqtobrivad,
postsabWoTa droiTi poziciidan, post
totalitarul sivrceSi stalinuri
niSnebis `reinkarnaciaa~, sabWoTa war-
sulis ironiul-kritikul gaazrebis
mcdelobad ikiTxeba. dRes ukve sabWo-
Ta sistemasTan dakavSirebuli sim-
boloebis mniSvnelobebi, erTi mxriv,
aRaraa mZlavri, Tumca, saubroben cno-
bierebaze, romelic 70 wlianma reJimma
Camoayaliba da jer kidev Zlieria. am
imijSi gaxsnili sabWoTa sistemisaT-
vis saxasiaTo kultis mniSvnelovnebis
`gaSiSvleba~, beladis mesiasTan gaigi-
veba, migvaniSnebs rogorc warsulze,
aseve postsabWoTa cnobierebaSi Rrmad
daleqil problemaze. diskursis ga-
farToebiT, namuSevari SeiZleba inter-
pretirdes, rogorc erTgvari parodia
socialisturi realizmis Canacvlebi-
sa fsevdo-religiuri kulturiT, rac
1990-ian wlebSi gamZafrebuli proce-
sia da axal RirebulebaTa sistemis Se-
qmnaze aqvs pretenzia. es problematika
lurad cnobil gamofenaze: „frTxilad, re-
ligia!“ 2003, (sur.11).

mxatvrul formaSi zustad aisaxa da
miTebis gadakveTaze beladis `xatad~
formulirda.
Tu Cvens sakvlev Temas panoramulad
SevxedavT da wamoweuli problemis Zi-
reul kiTxvas davubrundebiT _ ro-
gor vlindeba religiuri konteqsti,
ra adgili uWiravs da rogor iyenebs mas
Tanamedrove qarTveli xelovani _ aR-
moCndeba rom, Cvens mier moyvanili ma-
galiTebi 1990-ian wlebSi gamovlenil
erT aspeqtis saxavs: qarTul versiaSi
religiuri konteqstis gamoyeneba ar-
tistebis mxridan gvxvdeba ara rogorc
spiritualur sazrisebze gamavali mniS-
vnelobebi, Rrma, religiur sakiTxebSi
Sesvlis mcdeloba, transcendentTan
kavSiris Zieba, aramed, rogorc mora-
luri kodis Zebnis, RirebulebaTa sis-
temis Semotanis mcdelobebi, romlis
irgvlivac lagdeba sxva mniSvnelobe-
bi. am artistul ganacxadebSi religias
dakarguli aqvs pirveladi funqcia, aq
artistebisaTvis religia erTgvari mo-
tivi xdeba, gzaa Zireuli konceptis ga-
xsnisaTvis, rom xelovans, miuxedavad
imisa, ra konteqstiT iyenebs mas, gaaC-
nia Zlieri pozicia garemoSi mimdinare
procesebis mimarT. es Tavad artistTa
RirebulebaTa sistema da moraluri ko-
debia, romlebic mnaxvelis Rirebulebe-
bis ierarqias SeiZleba daemTxves, an ara.
gia rigvavasa da kote sulaberiZes es
koncepti martiv formulamde, advilad
wakiTxvad imijamde dahyavT da isini mxo-
lod faqts afiqsireben, rom politikam
religiis funqciis sakuTar Tavze aRe-
ba moaxerxa. orive artisti daufaravad
iyenebs religiur semiotikas _ g. rig-
vavas `Saravandi~ da k. sulaberiZis `xa-
tis perangi~, advilad amocnobadi, kli-
Sirebuli qristianuli ikonografiiT
postmodernistul TamaSad SeiZleba Se-
fasdes, rac metad gavrcelebul midgo-
mas warmoadgens Tanamedrove dasavlu-
231
ri xelovnebisaTvis. maSin, roca luka
lasareiSvilis versiaSi analogiurad
vxedavT problemis dafiqsirebas, ma-
gram, imavdroulad, kidev ufro Sors
wasvlis survili ikiTxeba _ instala-
ciis sivrcis komunikaciis ared qceva
da evqaristiis saidumlos simulacia,
problemebze dafiqrebis, dialogis da
gamosavlis Ziebis erTgvari mcdelobaa.
Sesabamisad, namuSevari ufro met Car-
Tulobasa da interpretacias moiTxovs
mayureblisagan. l. lasareiSvili arc
religiur semiotikas iyenebs Tamamad,
mis instalaciaSi vizualur formaSi
aRmoaCino qristianuli qveteqsti yve-
laze metad rTuldeba _ religiuri
konteqsti namuSevris saxelwodebaSi
cxaddeba da mxatvruli formis inter-
pretaciis gziT latenturi religiuri
mniSvnelobebis vizualizeba xdeba.
sayuradReboa, sakuTriv erTi mocemu-
loba _ luka lasareiSvilisa da gia
rigvavas namuSevrebs erTmniSvnelov-
nad qarTul artsivrces ver mivakuTv-
nebT. maTTvis es Temebi mas Semdeg gaxda
aqtualuri, rac dasavleTTan gavid-
nen pirdapir kavSirze da namuSevrebic
lokaluri art-scenis miRma Cndeba.
swored am pirobebSi, rodesac sabWoTa
warsulis mqone mxatvrebi srulufle-
biani wevrobis pretenziiT dasavlu-
ri art-scenisaken iswrafvian, sainte-
resoa rogor iyeneben isini religias.
ra Tqma unda, maT ician religuri Te-
misadmi dasavluri saxelovnebo sivr-
cis `koniuqtura~ da SeiZleba iTqvas, am
mocemulobas ergebian kidec. aSkaraa,
rom gia rigvavas religia politikuri
Temis ironizaciisTvis sWirdeba da es
mkafiod vlindeba formaSi. luka lasa-
reiSvili ki am politikur oromtrial-
Si da tragikul diskursSi, marTalia
latenturi saxiT, Tumca mainc reli-
gias xedavs moralis, Rirebulebis da
wesrigis wyarod. magram, sagulisxoa,
rom mxatvrul formaSi SeimCneva reli-
232

giur konteqstTan Zalian frTxili Sexeba, religiur semiotikaze uaris Tqma, rom
namuSevari sworxazovnad ar Caeweros religiur sistemebSi da kvalificirdes da-
savluri artsamyarosTvis, rogorc misaRebi xelovneba.
epoqisaTvis aqtualur problemaTa wyvili _ politikisa da religiis Tematuri
sinTezi, xelovanTa poziciis aSkara kritikulobas aCvenebs, rac g. rigvavasa da k.
sulaberiZis sxart artistul komentarebSi arsebuli ironiis siWarbesTan erTad,
kidev ufro saxieri da mZafri xdeba. l. lasareiSvilis instalaciaSi ki problemis
mravalSrian gaxnas vxedavT _ samyaros mZime realobis asaxvidan am faqtTa gaazre-
bis mcdelobamde, sadac ironiisaTvis adgili sul ufro naklebia. magram, mniSvne-
lovania erTi saerTo mkafio maxasiaTebeli _ Tu dasavlel artistebsa da Tundac,
postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebs SevadarebT, aRmoCndeba, rom, qarTuli saxelovnebo
sivrcisagan gansxvavebiT, es artistuli komentarebi iq umeteswilad, agresiul
ironiad, provokaciul, epataJur gamovlinebebad ikveTeba, maSin, roca qarTuli
artefaqtebisaTvis amgvari siTamame ar aris damaxasiaTebeli. es magaliTebi qar-
Tveli xelovanebis erT-erTi pirveli mcdelobebia arsebuli realobis kritiku-
lad gaazrebisa, rac, dasavluri versiebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar aris tradiciuli
Cveni saxelovnebo sivrcisTvis _ SesaZloa, swored esaa erT-erTi mizezi qarTuli
versiebis kritikulobis SedarebiT naklebad radikaluri gamovlinebisa.
 233

Mariam Mikadze
Apollon Kutateladze Tbilisi State Academy of Art

On the Intersection of Religion and Politics

(One Aspect of Georgian Postmodernist Visual Art of the 1990s)

Art has never been so much engaged socially and critically towards its surroundings as during the artistic
events of the 20th century. From this standpoint, religious contexts which were reflected in secular art
originated from artists’ individual interpretations and developed alongside cult art, demonstrating symp-
tomatic signs that are particularly noteworthy.
In the 1990s, the post-Soviet space and its ambivalence defined idiosyncrasy of the environment in Geor-
gia. In this respect, the intersection of religious and political topics became of a particular interest. In
the paper the author attempts to demonstrate ability of visual art to show both religious and political
problems.
History of contemporary visual art knows numerous critical approaches to these topics in the Western art
world. It turned out that the Georgian artists also dealt with these issues already in the 1990s and offerred
certain interpretations of it - generalized ones or those that emerged from the local context and could be
considered to offer critical evaluations. The presented examples including the works of Luka Lasareishvili,
Guia Rigvava and Konstantine Sulaberidze, show a specific aspect of Georgian art of the 1990s, namely an
attempt to introduce a system of values through touching of the religious context.
The research revealed one distinctive feature. While comparing the works of the Western artists and even
of those people from the post-Soviet countries, it becomes obvious that unlike their artistic comments
which are mostly manifested through aggressive irony, provocative and exaggerated manifestations, such
boldness is not characteristic for works of Georgian artists. They present examples of the first attempts to
produce critical assessment of the existing reality, which in contrast to the Western versions, is not tradi-
tional for Georgian artistic environment, maybe one of the reasons for a less radical criticism in Georgian
versions.
234

1. luka lasareiSvili, saidumlo seroba, 1994 Luka Lasareishvili, Last Supper, 1994
 235

2. luka lasareiSvili, atomuri iaraRis

pirveli gamoyeneba atlantikis okeaneSi, 1994
Luka Lasareishvili, The First Atomic Test in the Atlantic
Ocean, 1994

3. luka lasareiSvili, birTvuli

afeTqeba CernobilSi, 1994
Luka Lasareishvili, Nuclear Explosion in
Chernobil, 1994
236

4. mark rodko, usaTauro, 1964-1967 ww.

Mark Rothko, Untitled, 1964-1967

5. gia rigvava, „ar daujroT maT, isini ityuebian!“, 1993

Guia Rigvava, Do Not Believe Them, They All Lie! 1993
 237

6. gia rigvava, „SegiZlia Cemi imedi gqondes“, 1993

Guia Rigvava, You Can Rely On Me, 1993

7. brius naumani, anTro/socio, 1991

Bruce Nauman, Anthro/Socio, 1991
238

8. kostantine sulaberiZe, usaTauro,

1990-iani ww-is bolo
Konstantine Sulaberidze, Untitled, end of the 1990s

9. aleqsandre kosolapovi,
namuSevrebi seriidan
„deda-ruseTi“, 1982
Alexander Kosolapov, works from the
Mother-Russia series, 1982
 239

10. vagrik baxCaniani, jvarcma, 1980

Vagrik Bakhchanyan, Crucifixion, 1980

11. gamofena _ „frTxilad, religia!“ moskovi, 2003

Exhibition — „Caution, Religion!“, Moscow, 2003
ISSN 1512-0899