DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION

IN INDIA
POST INDEPENDENCE

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:-

PROF. TAPATI SAHA RAKESH RATH

ADDITIONAL DEAN M.SC NURSING 1 ST YEAR

SUBMITTED ON:-

21ST JUNE 2020

 INTRODUCTION

On 15th August 1947 India became independent and self govermentation.

Social changes were taking place rapidly but an alarming absence of public health and
sanitary measures continued. The ratio of nurse to patient remained dangerously low. The
opening of nursing schools associated with college gave nursing profession a higher social
and economic status, than it had previously known. T he formation of many commission
and committees, establishment of INC and tremendous work of TNAI brought about change
in nursing education post independence.

TRAINED NURSES ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

TNAI helps the initiation of university level education in India.

Recommendations of the Bhore committee were implemented within year .
• Passing of the INC act
• Deputation of Indian nurses abroad for post basic education
• The TNAI made significant achievements in the field of nursing education. It creates
awareness among nurses through Nursing journal of India and organizing continuing
education programmes.TNAI also offers scholarships to deserving candidates to take up
studies within the country and abroad.

ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL (INC)

• The INC was constituted to establish a uniform standard of education for nurses,
midwives, health visitors and auxiliary nurse midwives. The INC act was passed following
an ordinance on December 31st 1947 . The council was constituted in 1949.
• Main proposes of the council.
• To set standards and to regulate the nursing education of all types in the country.
• To p prescribe and specify minimum requirement for qualifying for a particular course in
nursing.
• Advisory role in the state nursing council
• To collaborate e with state nursing councils, schools and colleges of nursing and
examination board.

STATE REGISTRATION COUNCIL.

FUNCTIONS:
• Inspect and accredit schools of nursing in their state .
• Conduct the examinations
• Prescribe rules of conduct.
• Maintain registers of nurses, midwives, ANM and health visitors in the state.
• The state registration council are autonomous except they do not have power to prescribe
the syllabi for courses.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES PERTAINING TO NURSING

EDUCATION.
• The recommendations given by committees and commission provided guidelines for
improvement and growth of nursing education.
1. Health survey and development committee ( Bhore committee 1946)
• Establishment of nursing college.
• Creation of an all India nursing council.
2. Shetty committee 1954
• Improvement in conditions of training of nurses.
• Minimum requirement for admission to be in accordance with regulation of the INC.
3. Health survey and planning committee (Mudaliar committee 1959-61)
• Three grades of nurses viz. the basic nurses (4yrs), auxillary nurse midwife (2yrs) and
nurses with a degree qualification.
• For GNM minimum entrance qualification matriculation .
• For degree course passed higher secondary or pre university.
• Medium of instruction preferably English in General nursing.
• Degree course should be taught only in English.
4. Mukherjee committee, 1966.
• Training of nurses and ANM’S required for family planning.
5. Kartar singh committee,1972-73
• Multipurpose health worker scheme
• Change in designation of ANM’s and LHV
• Setting up of training division at the ministry of health and family welfare
7. Sarojini varadappan committee, 1990 (A high power committee on nursing and nursing
profession.)
• Two levels of nursing personnel
• Post basic B.Sc nursing degree to continue
• Masters in nursing programme to be increased and strengthened.
• Doctorate in nursing programme to be started in selected university.
• Continuing education and staff development for nurses.

DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATIION

Basic General Nursing And Midwifery Education

1. TRAINING OF DAIS (BIRTH ATTENDANT )
• The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dai in each
village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country
• Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was prescribed, training include theory
and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and
equipments provided by UNICEF.

2. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE

• In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important decisions relating to
future patterns of nursing training in India.One of the important decision was that there
should be only two standard of training nursing and midwifery, subsequently the
curriculum for these courses were prescribed.
• The first course was started at St. Marys Hospital Punjab,1951.The entrance qualification
was up to 7/8 years of schooling.
The period of training was 2 years witch include a 9 month of midwifery and 3 months of
community experience.
• In 1977, as a result of the decision to prepare multipurpose health worker&
vocationalization of higher secondary education, curriculum was revised a designed to have
1.5 year of vocational zed ANM programme and six months of general education. The
entrance qualification was raised from 7th passed to matriculation passed.
• Under multipurpose scheme promotional avenue was opened to senior ANMS for
undergoing six months promotional training for which course was prescribed by INC.

3. LADY HEALTH VISITOR COURSE

• Training of LHV course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and
prescribed by INC in 1951.The entrance qualification was matriculation. The duration was
two and a half years which subsequently reduced to 2 years.

4 . GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE

• GNM course existed since early years of century. In 1951,syllabus was prescribed by INC.
In 1954 a special provision was made for male nurse.In1954 public health was integrated
into basic nursing course.

5.POST-BASIC/POST CERTIFICATE SHORT-TERM COURSES AND DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES

• During 1948-50 four nurses were sent to the U.K.by Govt. of India for mental health
nursing diploma. During 1954 Manzil Medical Health centre, Lucknow gave psychiatric
nursing orientation course of 4 – 6weeks duration. In 1951 a one year course in public
health was started at college of nursing Delhi. Govt. of India felt urgent need for psychiatric
nurses during 1953-54,this resulted in first organized course at All India Institute of
Mental Health.
• In 1962 diploma in pediatric nursing was established at J.J.Group of Hospitals, Bombay. At
present there are many other courses of three months duration which are monitored and
recognized by INC. The ultimate aim of all the post- basic/ post certificate programme is to
improvement of quality of patient care and promotion of health.
UNIVERSITY-LEVEL PROGRAMMES.

1.BASIC BSC NURSING

• First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of
Delhi and CMC Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee
and education commission(1964- 66) and conference & workshop held by TNAI, The WHO
and UGC, some more colleges came up in different state affiliated to different state
university.
• INC prescribes the syllabus which has been revised three times, the last revision was done
in 1981.It was done on basis of the 10+3+2 system of general education. At present the B.Sc
Nursing programme which is recommended by the INC is of four years and have
foundations for future study and specialization in nursing.

2. Post Basic B.Sc Nursing

• The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by the Mudaliar
Committee in1962. Two years post basic certificate B.Sc(N) programme was started in
December 1962.for nurses with diploma in general and midwifery with minimum of 2
years experience. First started by university of Trivandrum. At present there are many
colleges in India offering Pc B.Sc(N) Course.

3. Post Basic Nursing by Distance Education Mode.

• In1985 Indira Gandhi National open university was established. In1992 Post Basic B.Sc
Nursing programme was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by
INC.

4. Post- Graduate Education-M.Sc Nursing

• First two years course in masters of nursing was started at RAK College of Nursing in
1959.and in 1969 in CMC Vellore. At present there are many colleges imparting M.Sc
Nursing degree course in different specialties.
5. M.Phil
• INC felt need for M.Phil programme as early on 1977,for this purpose committee was
appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in
RAK College of nursing Delhi.

6. PhD in Nursing
• Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph. D programme earlier. From1992 Ph D in nursing
is also available in India. MAHI is one of the university having PhD programme.

CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS IN NURSING

1.Non University Programme
• Basic – ANM-GNM
• Advance-Post-Certificate diploma
2. University Programme
• Basic- B.Sc(N)
• Post-Basic B.Sc(Regular)
• Post-Basic B.Sc(N).IGNOU
• Advance: M.Sc (Nursing)
• M. Phil
• Ph.D.