MILITARY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dept. of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

COURSE OUTLINE

Course No. & Title : NAME – 213, Fluid Mechanics

Nature (Core/Major/Elective) : Core
Academic Term : January – June 2018
Credit : 3.00
Course Teachers : Cdre M Munir Hassan, (E), BN
Lec Md Towhidur Rahman
Section : A, B
Campus and room : Room 404, Admin Building
Day and Time : Sunday, 1145-1340
Wednesday, 0900-0955

Rationale: Compulsory Theoretical Course to promote the knowledge of the students

about the characteristics of fluid flow and its implication in the design of Hydraulic
Machineries.

Course Synopsis:
Fluid properties: Classification of Fluid Flows, Density and Specific Gravity, Energy and
specific heats, Compressibility and Bulk Modulus, Viscosity, Surface Tension and
Capillary Effect. Fluid statics and kinematics: Pressure head, Pascal’s law, Instruments
to measure fluid pressure, Total pressure on horizontally, vertically and inclined
immersed surfaces, Pressure on a curved surface, Centre of pressure on an inclined
immersed surface, Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid kinematics,
Streamlines and Streamtubes, Pathlines, Streaklines, Timelines, Refractive and surface
flow visualization techniques, Plots of fluid flow data, Types of motion or deformation
of fluid elements, Vorticity and Rotation, The Reynolds Transport Theorem, Bernoulli’s
equation, Euler’s equation of motion, Limitations of Bernoulli’s equations, Practical
Applications of Bernoulli’s equation, Venturimeter, Discharge through a Venturimeter,
Orifice Meter, Pitot Tube, Discharge over a Rectangular Notch, Discharge over a
Triangular Notch. Continuity, energy and momentum principle: Conservation of Mass,
Mass and Volume flow rates, Moving or deforming control volumes, Incompressible
flow, General Equation of Energy, Newton’s Laws and Conservation of Momentum,
The linear Momentum equation. Friction and flow through pipes, impact of jets: Loss
of head in pipes, Darcy’s and Chezy’s Formula for loss of head in pipes, Graphical
representation of Pressure head and velocity head, Hydraulic Gradient line, Total
Energy Line, Transmission of power through pipes, Time of emptying a tank through a
long pipe, Force of Jet Impinging Normally on fixed, hinged, inclined and moving plate,
Force of jet impinging on a fixed and moving curved vane. Laminar and turbulent
flows: Introduction to boundary layers, drags, and wakes: Drag and Lift, Friction and
Pressure Drag, Drag coefficients of common geometries, Parallel flow over flat plates,
Flow over cylinders and Spheres, Lift. Dimensional analysis, principles of similitude and
model testing: Fundamental Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, Uses of the
principle of Dimensional Homogeneity, Methods of Dimensional Analysis, Rayleigh’s
Method, Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, Selection of Repeating Variables, Advantages of
Model Analysis, Hydraulic Similarity, Procedures for model analysis, Comparative
studies between prototype and undistorted model. Aerofoil and its application:
Theory of wings, Cavitation. Hydraulic machines: Reciprocating and Centrifugal
pumps.

Course Content and Plan:

Wee Topics Lec CT/A

k
What is Fluid? Shear stress in a flowing fluid. Differences 01
between Solid & Fluid. Newtonian & Non-Newtonian Fluid.
Liquids & gases. The continuum concept of a Fluid. Density: 02
Mass density, Specific weight, Relative density, Specific volume.
01
Viscosity: Dynamic & Kinematic viscosity.
Causes of viscosity in gases. Causes of velocity in a liquid. 03
Compressibility & the bulk modulus. Equation of state of a
perfect gas
Statics of fluid systems. Pressure. Pascal’s Law for pressure at a
point. Variation of pressure vertically in fluid under gravity.
Equality of pressure at the same level in a static fluid.
General equation for the variation of pressure due to gravity 05
from point to point in a static fluid. Variation of pressure with
02
altitude in a fluid of constant density & constant temperature.
Pressure & head. The hydrostatic paradox.
Pressure management by manometer. Relative equilibrium. 06
Pressure distribution in a liquid subject to horizontal
acceleration. Effect of vertical acceleration.
Problem solving on manometer. 07
03 Problem solving on manometer. 08
Problem solving of venturimeter. 09 I
04 3.1 Action of fluid pressure on a surface. 3.2 Resultant force 10
and center of pressure on a plane surface under
uniform pressure. 3.3 Resultant force and center of pressure on
a plane surface immersed in a liquid .Problems on Topic 3.3.
3.4 Pressure diagrams. 3.5 Force on a curved surface due to 11
hydrostatic pressure
3.6 Buoyancy. 3.7 Equilibrium of floating bodies. 3.8 Stability of 12
 a submerged body.
Wee Topics Lec CT/A
k
3.9 Stability of floating bodies. 3.10 Determination of the 13 II
metacentric height. 3.11 Determination of the position of the
metacenter relative to the center of buoyancy
05
3.12 Periodic time of oscillation. 3.13 Stability of a vessel 14
carrying liquid in tanks with a free surface
Problem solving class of chapter 3. 15
6.1 Mechanical energy of a flowing fluid. Ex-6.1. 6.2 Steady 16
flow energy equation
6.3 Kinetic energy correction factor. 6.4 Applications of the 17
06
steady flow energy equation. 6.5 Representation of energy
changes in a fluid system.
6.6 The Pitot tube. 6.9 Changes of pressure in a tapering pipe. 18
6.10 Principle of the venturi meter. 6.11 Pipe orifices. 6.12 19
Limitation on the velocity of flow in a pipeline
07 6.15 Elementary theory of notches and weirs. 6.16 The power 20
of a stream of fluid.
Problem solving class on chapter 6. 21

08 Mid-term Break
09 4.1 Fluid flow. 4.2 Uniform flow & steady flow. 4.3 Frame of 22
references 4.4 Real & ideal fluids. 4.5 Compressible &
incompressible flow. 4.6 One, two & three dimensional flow
4.7 Analyzing fluid flow. 4.8 Motion of a fluid particle. 23
Acceleration of a fluid particle.
4.10 Laminar and turbulent flow. Introduction to boundary 24
layer, drag and wake. 4.11 Discharge and mean velocity.
10 4.12 Continuity of flow. 4.13 Continuity equations for three- 25
dimensional flow using Cartesian coordinates
Problem solving class of chapter 4 26
5.12 Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline. 27
11 5.15 Differential form of the continuity & momentum 28 III
equations
5.17 Comparison of CFD methodologies. 5.17.1 Structure of a 29
CFD code.
5.17.2 CFD model considerations. 30
12 8.1 Dimensional analysis. 8.2 Dimensions and units. 8.3 31
Dimensional reasoning, homogeneity and dimensionless
groups. 8.4 Fundamental and derived units and dimensions. 8.5
Additional fundamental dimensions. 8.6 Dimensions of
derivatives and integrals. 8.7 Units of derived quantities. 8.8
Conversion between systems of units, including the treatment
of dimensional constants.
 8.9 Dimensional analysis by the indicial method. 32
8.10 Dimensional analysis by the group method. 8.11 The 33
significance of dimensionless groups.
Wee Topics Lec CT/A
k
13 9.1 Geometric similarity. 34 IV
9.2 Dynamic similarity. 35
9.3 Model studies for flows without a free surface. Introduction 36
to approximate similitude at high Reynolds numbers.
14 9.4 Zone of dependence of Mach number. 9.5 Significance of 37
the pressure coefficient. 9.6 Model studies in cases involving
free surface flow.
9.7 Similarity applied to rotodynamic machines. 38
Cavitation & Hydraulic machines, Pipe, Jet 39
40
15 Reserve Week 41
42

Learning Outcomes (LO): On successful completion of this Lesson, students should be

able to:

1. Explain the physical properties of a fluid and the influence of such properties on
fluid flow
2. Identify the fundamental kinematics of a fluid element,
3. Explain the conservation principle of mass, linear momentum and energy for fluid
flow,
4. Apply the basic applied mathematical tools that support fluid dynamics,
5. Create models of inviscid, steady fluid flow over simple profiles and shapes,
6. Interpret the working principles of different hydraulic machineries.

Teaching-learning and Assessment Strategy: Class lectures, Case studies, Industry

evaluation, Class tests, Assignments and Final exam.
Evaluation Process:
Marks distribution for this course in given below:

1. Term Exam ……………………………………………………. 60%

2. Attendance and Class Performance ………………. 5%
3. Class Test or Assignments ……………………………… 20%
4. Mid Term Exam …………………………………………….. 15%
Total ……………………………………………………………… 100%

Reference Books:
1. 1. A Textbook of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, R.S.
Khurmi, 19th Edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2004.
2. Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Y.A. Cengel and J.M. Cimbala,
1st edition, McGraw Hill Publishers Ltd., 2006.
3. A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, R.K. Bansal, 2005.