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Chapter 4 Education:

Answers to Student Book questions


4.1 How your amazing brain works 4.2 Schools past and future
3 Brain facts:
5 Ancient Egyptian schools:
a) around 3 pounds
a) princesses or members of the nobility
b) water
b) hieroglyphics
c) there are no pain receptors or nerve endings in the
brain c) talking or making mistakes on the papyrus;
beaten with a rod on the back.
d) associations
e) bilingual children have a different brain structure 6 Ancient Indian schools:
to children who learn only one language. a) Rishis or Gurus
5 Multiple intelligences: b) in hermitages deep within forests
a) Harvard University, 1983 c) reading, writing, chanting and memorizing in
Sanskrit; scriptures, mathematics, grammar, yoga
b) nine
and the natural world; practical exploration and
c) kinaesthetic meditation; Sanskrit
d) any two of: learn about nature; love birds and d) any two of: fasting, banishment from lessons and
animals; show concern for the environment and unpleasant chores
enjoy being outdoors; name plants and animals
8
e) drawing, building; making models; reading maps;
school college campus
doing jigsaw puzzles; making cartoons, charts,
posters and floor plans; photography, art and student learner pupil
design teacher tutor professor
f) mathematical-logical (logic smart) vacation holiday break
g) linguistic (word smart) busy hard at work occupied
h) lead and organise groups, empathise with others,
resolve conflicts, cooperate with others
i) ponder questions about life and death, who we are
and our purpose in life; read religious and
philosophical texts in search of answers.

Education
Chapter 4

© HarperCollinsPublishers 2017 1
4.3 How do we learn? 4.4. School and the real world
3 Mrs D’Souza: 3 Adora Vitak:
1: 12
Noun Adjective Verb Adverb
2: Technology should be used to motivate students.
teacher fabulous was … securely
3: Adults can learn from children’s unique approach
fastened
to solving problems and creativity.
hair tall wore always 4: Flying Fingers
net dark- clicked 5: English
skinned 6: Twitter
dresses thick, curly, smelt 4 a) Jeremy is feeling overwhelmed by his schoolwork –
black the exams, coursework and deadlines.
shoes beautiful, comfort b) Anna enjoys the company of her fellow students,
print the sports, break-times and school trips – and even
her teachers. No, she doesn’t think schools should
floors high- were be scrapped.
heeled crying
c) Toffler is almost 70. His age surprises the others
roses tiled because he has radical and controversial ideas.
talcum fastened d) The schools were designed for an industrial age
powder economy – training children to be good factory
workers.
ready
e) In factories, people had to show up on time, work
according to bells and do repetitive tasks. Toffler
5 ‘How the brain learns’: argues that schools today do the same thing.
f) Jeremy would like to work in robotics. He would
a) Key vocabulary: microscopic cells, neurons,
like to learn from an expert robotics engineer.
messages, branches, electrical messages,
connections, neural pathways, feelings and g) Teachers could help out and fill in the gaps left by
emotions, happy, sad, worried, stressed. the experts; go out to workplaces to learn skills;
devise ways of training students in practical skills.
Stress and anxiety, chemicals – adrenalin and
h) Jeremy is a ‘night bird’ and wants to stay up late
cortisol, happy, relaxed, process information.
talking to a robotics engineer somewhere else in
Physical factors – water, dehydration, salts, blood the world online about his design project.
pressure, proteins, fats, vegetables and
i) Anna thinks they could be annoying and
carbohydrates, food additives, sugar, tired, hungry,
disruptive, running about and knocking things
hot, cold, concentration, sitting still, brain breaks,
over.
physical movement, exercise, intelligence not fixed.
j) Schools would be open 24 hours a day.
Conditions for learning – use brain more, People could design their own schedules.
challenge, ambition, stimulate brain, audio, video,
kinaesthetic. 6 Listening ‘between the lines’:
b) Notes arranged using the bullet points given: 1: Jeremy is feeling overwhelmed. This is a recent
phenomenon.
• How emotions affect our learning: emotions have a
big impact. Stress and anxiety make it very difficult 2: Anna feels her grandmother is always asking about
to learn. When you feel threatened or anxious, her grades, which puts her under pressure.
adrenalin and cortisol are released into the body. 3: ‘I like school most of the time’; ‘I love and sports
These affect how you think, feel and behave. This and break-times and school trips, and I even like
affects how our brains process information. most of my teachers!’
Scientists believe we learn best when happy and No, Anna doesn’t want schools shut down.
relaxed.
4: Jeremy talks about how education is organised as
• Food and water for the brain: lots of water – avoids the ‘system.’ He feels that it doesn’t suit the needs
dehydration and a rise in salts and blood pressure;
of the 21st century.
need balance of proteins, fats, vegetables and
carbohydrates; avoid food with additives and 5: Anna doesn’t like the idea of a 24-hour school but
sugar. Jeremy is enthusiastic. Jeremy is a ‘night-bird’ who
• Physical conditions affect the brain: water for likes working late into the night.
neural pathways, rise in salts a problem causing 6: He’s a night-bird; he is 17 years old; he wants to be
Education
Chapter 4

stress. Sitting still for a long time makes it difficult a robotics engineer; he hates repetitive activities at
to concentrate. school.
• Best conditions for learning: being happy and 7: Zara is interested in ideas about education.
relaxed, taking brain-breaks, exercise to increase 8: The education system should be more flexible,
oxygen to the brain, the right food and lots of creative and practical.
water. Knowing that your intelligence is not fixed Students should learn from experts as well as their
and can be stimulated in many ways.
teachers.
Challenge yourself, be imaginative and inquiring.
Try audio, video and kinaesthetic methods for Students should be allowed to work at times that
learning. Avoid learning when stressed or upset. are convenient to them.

2 © HarperCollinsPublishers 2017
Education
Chapter 4

© HarperCollinsPublishers 2017 3

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