CHUA

Analysis
Simplified and Spring Stiffness
Lateral Displacement
Floor Type

Building Model
Type No Core, Core

Picture

Height 9 FL, 40 FL
Modul

Picture

Dimension 3 x 3,3 x 6
Component Ceiling beam S355 steel SHS 80 × 80 × 5
Floor beam S355 steel RHS 160 × 80 × 6.3
Column 1 S355 steel RHS 300 × 200 × 16
Floor slab Concrete C35/45 130 mm thick

Connection
Type HC VC
 Picture

Component Steel plate (x-axis) S460 320 mm×20 mm

Steel plate (y-axis) S460 220 mm×20 mm
Steel Rod
Nut
Stiffness Vertical Connection
Axial Compression
Axial Tension
Shear x (u2)
Shear y (u3)
Horizontal Connection
Axial Compression (x,y)
Horizontal Shear (x,y)
Vertical Shear (x,y)
Conclusion
Translational spring model was developed and
can be generalized
for all inter-module connections by calculating
the stiffness properties
of the structural components in the connection

The horizontal tie plate becomes a critical

component in resisting
lateral loads

Adding steel bracings in themodular units does

not help in increasing
lateral resistance of a modular building when
the column-tocolumn
connection has relatively low tensile capacity
and stiffness.
 Assigning semi-rigid diaphragms to all the
modules at the storey
level can capture the actual behaviour of the
floor slab as compared
to the case where the slabs are modelled using
shell elements.
 THARAKA LACEY

Earthquake Analysis and Design Wind & Earthquake Load

Advanced Corner Supported Modular
Lateral Loads (Case Study)
FEA and Laboratory Testing Connection

No Core Corridor

10 FL 6 FL

2,8 x 4,2 x 10,8 4.95 x 11.885 x 2.95

columns (RHS) 220 x 150 x 14.2
Internal Column type 180 PFC
floor beams 1.8 (300PFC)
bracings type 75 UA

HC HC VC
 Steel Plate 25 mm
Steel Plate 6 mm
Bolt 12 16 18

Horizontal Connection Horizontal & Vertical Connection

Shear x/y u1 Axial
u2 Shear
u3 Shear
r1 Torsion
r2 Bending
r3 Bending

translational stiffness of the vertical inter-

The elements that join at the module to module module connections in the along load direction
connection play a critical role in lateral load was shown to have the greatest effect, while
resisting system in a modular building the rotational stiffness had relatively little
effect.

simplified bi-linear model was suitable for the

(“Hinge 2” as per Figure 5.6) proves to be the present study, a more accurate model which
most likely scenario out of the possibilities considers the friction-slip behaviour would
discussed. allow more precise modelling of the overall
building response

Therefore, slipping of bolts needs to be

expected in an earthquake. As a result, large
slots are not advisable to modular building
with a large building height, as accumulated
slips can result in a very large lateral deflection
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