Plurals nouns:

La mayoría de los sustantivos forman Los sustantivos que terminan en “O, Los sustantivos terminados en “y”
el plural agregando “s” X, Z, S, SS, SH, CH), forman el plural precedida de consonante, reemplaza
agregando “es” “y” por “i” + “es”

Examples: Examples: Examples:

 Flower  Tomato  Dictionary

Flowers Tomatoes Dictionaries
 Day  Box  Family
Days Boxes Families
 Supermarket  Buzz  Spy
Supermarkets Buzzes Spies
 Bus  Country
Buses Countries
 Kiss  City
Kisses Cities
 Brush
Brushes
 Church
Churches

Exceptions:

 Radio
Radios
 Piano
Pianos
 Zoo
Zoos
 Photo
Photos
 Kilo
Kilos
 Tattoo
Tattoos

Los sustantivos terminados en “f” o Algunos sustantivos NO llevan Algunos sustantivos se escriben igual
“fe”, reemplaza “f” o “fe” por “v” + ninguna regla. Cambian la escritura y en singular y plural. NO tienen
“es” debes aprenderlos de memoria. ninguna regla.

Examples: Examples: Examples:

  Knife  Man  Means
Knives Men Means
 Thief  Woman  Species
Women Species
Thieves
 Person  Series
 Life
People Series
Lives  Child  Fish
 Wolf Children Fish
Wolves  Mouse  Sheep
Mice Sheep
Exceptions:  Foot  Deer
Feet Deer
 Chef  Tooth
Chefs Teeth
 Belief  Ox
Oxen
Beliefs  Goose
 Roof Geese
Roofs
 Scarf
Scarfs

Places in a town:

 Bank (Banco)  Hotel (Hotel)

 Bus stop (Paradero de bus)  Library (Biblioteca)
 Restaurant (Restaurante)  Shop (Tienda)
 Station (Estación)  Beach (Playa)
 Car park (Parqueadero)  Night club (Club nocturno)
 Supermarket (Supermercado)  Cinema (Cine)
 Square (La plaza)  Park (Parque)

Prepositions:

 In (En, dentro de)  On the right of (A la derecha de)

 On (Sobre)  On the left of (A la izquierda de)
 On the right (A la derecha)  Near (Cerca de)
 On the left (A la izquierda)  At (En)

There is (Hay en singular) There are (Hay en plural)

There is = There’s There are no tiene contracción

There is a … (Hay un, hay una) There are two … (Hay dos)
There is an … (Hay un, hay una) There are three … (Hay tres)
There is one … (Hay un, hay una) There are four … (Hay cuatro)
Etc …
“A” se usa cuando la siguiente palabra comienza con
sonido de consonante. (Consonantes son todas menos
A – E – I – O – U)
“An” se usa cuando la siguiente palabra comienza por
sonido de vocal.
Examples:
 There is a hotel near the metro station.
 There’s a bank in the square.
 There is a restaurant on the right of the
supermarket.
En la forma negativa usamos:
There is not = There isn’t (No hay en singular)
There is not a … (No hay un, no hay una)
There is not an … (No hay un, no hay una)
There is not one … (No hay un, no hay una)
Examples:
 There is not a metro station near here.
 There isn’t an Internet café on the left of the
supermarket.
 There is not a library on the right.
En la forma interrogativa usamos:
Is there a … ¿Hay un, hay una?
Is there an … ¿Hay un, hay una?
Is there one … ¿Hay un, hay una?
Examples:
 Is there a university on the left?
There are some … (Hay unos, unas, algunos, algunas)
“Some” se usa en la forma afirmativa en plural con
sustantivos en plural.
Examples:
 There are two car parks in this street.
 There are three restaurants in the town.
 There are four cafés in my neighborhood.
 There are some foreign students at my
university.
 There are some small children in my family.
En la forma negativa usamos:
There are not = There aren’t (No hay en plural)
There are not two … (No hay dos)
There are not three … (No hay tres)
There are not four … (No hay cuatro)
Etc …
There are not any … (No hay)
“Any” se usa en la forma negativa en plural con
sustantivos en plural.
Examples:
 There are not two shops in the town.
 There aren’t any beaches in the city.
 There are not any interesting bars.
 There aren’t any Indian restaurants here.
En la forma interrogativa usamos:
Are there two … ¿Hay dos?
Are there three … ¿Hay tres?
Are there four … ¿Hay cuatro?
Etc ...
Are there any … ¿Hay?
“Any” se usa en la forma interrogativa en plural con
sustantivos en plural.
Examples:
 Are there two night clubs in this street?
 Yes, there is. Yes, there are.
No, there isn’t. No, there aren’t.

 Is there a bus stop near here?  Are there any shops near here?
Yes, there is. Yes, there are.
No, there isn’t. No, there aren’t.

 Is there a cinema in the town?  Are there any beautiful parks near your
Yes, there is. house?
No, there isn’t. Yes, there are.
No, there aren’t.