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FIG. 4. Core loss for the HITPERM alloy annealed at 600 °C for 1 h. All FIG. 5. ac permeability is shown as a function of frequency. The sample
experiments were run with a maximum field amplitude, H m 52.5 Oe at room was prepared as a laminated toroid, annealed at 600 °C and measured with a
temperature. field amplitude of 2.5 Oe at room temperature.
loop model, with the phenomenological hysteresis response high temperature ac applications. The larger resistivity ~r
as: 550 m V cm at 300 K! extends the large permeability to
higher frequencies where eddy currents dominate the losses.
B6B m 5 m i ~ H6H m ! 6 n ~ H6H m ! 2 , The resistivity of the nanocrystalline materials is intermedi-
where H m is the ac field amplitude, B m is the induction at ate between the amorphous precursor and crystalline materi-
H m , m 1 is the initial permeability, and v 5 ] m i / ] H. The als of similar composition.
hysteretic contribution to the core loss increases as H m 3 until
saturation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In Fig. 4, the core loss at various frequencies is plotted Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific
versus the maximum induction for the HITPERM alloy. Research, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under Grant
These results are preliminary and are comparable to the room No. F49620-96-1-0454. The U.S. Government is authorized
temperature results of Hiperco 50, a Carpenter Technologies to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental pur-
alloy of nominal composition Fe49Co49V2, which is currently poses notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. Work
used for high temperature applications. Field annealing of carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source,
the nanocrystalline alloy will be helpful by shifting the Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the
curves to higher inductions. We believe the properly opti- U.S DOE. Special thanks to Johnny Kirkland for his help.
mized HITPERM alloy will have better properties than it’s Work carried out in part at Los Alamos National Laboratory,
competitors at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. DEL
it will also have the advantage of better response due to the acknowledges partial support from NEDO project.
lowering of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magneto-
strictive coefficients with increasing temperatures. Therefore, 1
G. Herzer, IEEE Trans. Magn. 26, 1397 ~1990!; G. Herzer, J. Magn.
we should expect even better results for the HITPERM alloy Magn. Mater. 112, 258 ~1992!.
2
Y. Yoshizawa, S. Oguma, and K. Yamauchi, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 6044
at high temperatures up to 650 °C. ~1988!.
If we consider the complex permeability with m 5 m 8 3
K. Suzuki, A. Makino, N. Kataoka, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto, Mater.
1i m 9 , then we can plot the m 8 and m 9 versus frequency as 4
Trans., JIM 32, 93 ~1991!.
shown in Fig. 5. The m 8 term as the real part of the perme- A. Makino, T. Hatanai, Y. Naitoh, T. Bitoh, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto,
IEEE Trans. Magn. 33, 3793 ~1997!.
ability while the m 9 term as the loss term. At the frequency 5
M. A. Willard, D. E. Laughlin, M. E. McHenry, D. Thoma, K. Sickafus, J.
where m 8 has an inflection and m 9 has a peak, we define a O. Cross, and V. G. Harris, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6773 ~1998!.
point called the cutoff frequency, which is ;2 kHz. In the
6
K. Suzuki, A. Makino, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto, J. Appl. Phys. 70,
6232 ~1991!.
HITPERM alloy, the maximum permeability was determined 7
A. Makino, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto, Mater. Trans., JIM 36, 924
to be about 1800. The m 8 permeability values are competi- ~1995!.
tive with those of the Hiperco-50 alloy currently used for 8
Lord Raleigh, Philos. Mag. 23, 225 ~1887!.