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Section A (15 marks)
Answer all questions.

1 The thermochemical equation for the formation of ethane-1,2-diol is shown below,

2C(s) + 3H2 (g) + O2 (g) → CH2 OHCH2 OH(l) ∆𝐻f° = 𝑥 kJ mol−1
Based on the enthalpies changes given in the Table 1 below, determine 𝑥.
Substance ∆𝐻c° / kJ mol−1
Ethane-1,2-diol −1180.0
Carbon −393.7
Hydrogen −285.9
Table 1
A +500.5 B −500.5 C +465.1 D −465.1

2 A student mixed 25.0 cm3 of 4.00 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid with an equal volume of 4.00 mol dm−3
sodium hydroxide solution. The initial temperature of both solutions was 15.0 ℃ . The maximum
temperature recorded was 30.0 ℃.
Based on these results, what is the enthalpy change of neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide solution?
A −62.7 kJ mol−1 B −57.3 kJ mol−1 C −31.4 kJ mol−1 D −15.7 kJ mol−1

3 Which of the following is correct about electrolytic cell and electrochemical cell?
Electrolytic cell
Anode Cathode The flow of electrons
A Positive Negative From negative electrode
to positive electrode
through external circuit
B Positive Negative From positive electrode
to negative electrode
through external circuit
C Negative Positive From negative electrode
to positive electrode
through external circuit
D Negative Positive From positive electrode
to negative electrode
through external circuit
Electrochemical cell
Anode Cathode The flow of electrons
Negative Positive From positive electrode
to negative electrode
through external circuit
Negative Positive From negative electrode
to positive electrode
through external circuit
Positive Negative From positive electrode
to negative electrode
through external circuit
Positive Negative From negative electrode
to positive electrode
through external circuit

4 The redox equation for the reaction in an electrochemical cell is shown below,
5Fe2+ (aq) + MnO− + 3+ 2+
4 (aq) + 8H (aq) → 5Fe (aq) + Mn (aq) + 4H2 O(l)
[Fe2+ ]
If the standard cell voltage is +0.75 V, the ratio of [Fe3+ ] = 0.10 and the concentrations of other ions are
maintained, what is the electromotive force at 25℃?
A +0.46 V B +0.69 V C +0.76 V D +0.81 V

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5 X is a Period 3 element that could react with oxygen to form an oxide, Y which is insoluble in water.
Which of the following statement is correct based on the given information?
A X is aluminium.
B Atomic size of X is larger than sodium.
C Y can only react with acid but not alkali.
D Y can react with sodium hydroxide solution.

6 Which of the following element has the highest melting point?

A Phosphorus B Silicon C Sulphur D Sodium

7 P and Q are Group 2 elements. P shows a very slight reaction with water but it could react vigorously with
steam. Q cannot react with water but only can react with steam at very high temperature to form an oxide
which is insoluble in water. Which of the following are likely to be P and Q?
P Q
A Calcium Magnesium
B Beryllium Magnesium
C Magnesium Beryllium
D Magnesium Calcium

8 When 4.18 g of calcium nitrate is heated at room conditions, a brown gas P and a colourless Q are released.
What is the maximum total volume of gaseous products formed in the reaction?
[Molar volume =24 000 cm3 mol−1 at room conditions]
A 612 cm3 B 1224 cm3 C 1530 cm3 D 2448 cm3

9 X, Y and Z are elements of Group 14. What can be deduced about X, Y and Z based on the information
below?
• X is a metal whereas Y and Z are semimetals.
• The electrical conductivity of Y is higher than that of Z.
• The melting point of Y is lower than that of Z.
A The covalent bond of Y is weaker than that of Z.
B X, Y and Z have the same lattice structure.
C Y has a larger band gap compared to Z.
D The valence band of X has more electrons than that of Y and Z.

10 Which is a common property for germanium and lead compounds?

A Stability of +2 oxidation state of both compounds is due to the inert pair effect.
B Tetrachlorides of both compounds are thermally stable.
C Dioxides of both compounds are amphoteric.
D Monoxides of both compounds are basic.

11 Aqueous K𝑋 reacts with aqueous AgNO3 to form a precipitate which does not dissolve in excess ammonia.
K𝑋 is
A KF B KCl C KBr D KI

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12 Variation of the enthalpy of vaporisation of three elements of Group 17 in the Periodic Table is shown in
the graph below.

The variation is due to an increase in

A covalent bond length B enthalpy of atomisation
C polarisability D intermolecular forces

13 Which of the following is true about transition elements?

A Transition elements are p-block elements.
B All d-block elements are transition elements.
C Transition elements are metals with high density and high conductivity but low melting point.
D Most of the transition elements have the valence electronic configuration of (𝑛 − 1)𝑑1 𝑛𝑠 2 to
(𝑛 − 1)𝑑10 𝑛𝑠 2 .

14 Tris(ethanedioato)nickelate(II) ion is a complex ion with chemical formula of [Ni(C2 O4 )3 ]4− .

Which of the following is correct about the complex ion?
A Its ligand is a bidentate ligand.
B The charge of the ligand is −4.
C It has a tetrahedral shape.
D There are three dative bonds between the centre metal ion and the ligand.

15 The structural formulae of platinum complexes are shown below.

I [Pt(SCN)2 (en)2 ]2+
II [PtCl(NO2 )(NH3 )2 ]
III [Pt(ox)Cl2 ]2−
IV [Pt(EDTA)]4−
Which platinum complexes are octahedral?
A I and II B I and IV C II and III D III and IV

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Section B (15 marks)
Answer all questions.

16 Table 2 below shows information about some of the elements in the Period 3
Element Na Mg Al P S Cl
Atomic radius (nm) 0.186 0.160 0.143 0.110 0.104 0.099
Ionic radius (nm) 0.095 0.065 0.050 0.212 0.184 0.181
Highest oxidation number of
+1 +7
the element in its compound
Table 2
(a) Complete Table 2 to show the highest oxidation number of each element in its compounds. [1]

(b) Explain why the atomic radius of elements in Period 3 decreases from Na to Cl. [3]

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(c) Compare the ionic radius of magnesium ion and sulphide ion. [2]

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(d) Phosphorus could react readily in the presence of oxygen under different conditions to form different
products. Write equations to show the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen under the conditions
suggested below. [2]
Limited oxygen : …………………………………………………………………………………….

Excess oxygen : …………………………………………………………………………………….

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17 Hydrogen halides are compounds formed when halogens (Group 17 elements) react with hydrogen.
The bond polarity of the hydrogen halides decreases from HF to HI.
Table 3 shows the boiling points of hydrogen halides and the bond enthalpies of H − X bonds.
Hydrogen halide HF HCl HBr HI
Boiling point (℃) 19 –85 –67 –35
H − X bond enthalpy (kJ mol−1 ) 562 431 366 299
Table 3

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and hydrogen gas. [1]

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(b) Suggest why the boiling point of HF is much higher than the boiling points of the other hydrogen
halides. [2]

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(c) Compare and explain the relative thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides. [3]

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(d) Write an equation which is used to study the bond enthalpy of hydrogen halides, HX. [1]

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Section C (30 marks)
Answer two questions only.
You may answer all the questions but only the first two answers will be marked.

18 (a) The electrode systems for several half-cells are given in Table 4 below,
Electrode system 𝐄° /𝐕
Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe −0.44
Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe −0.04
Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ +0.77
Table 4
A student wants to determine the standard electrode potential of Fe3+ (aq)|Fe2+ (aq) half-cell.
Based on the electrode systems given in Table 4 and a suitable labelled diagram, explain how he could
do that. Show the calculation to obtain the standard electrode potential of the electrode system. [8]

(b) Sakthis wants to manufacture chlorine using a diaphragm cell in industry.

State the electrolyte he needs to use and describe the reactions that occur in the diaphragm cell.
Support your explanation with suitable equations. [7]

19 (a) (i) What is meant by transition element? [1]

(ii) Ti(III) compounds are coloured but Ti(IV) compounds are colourless. Based on the electron
configurations, explain why both compounds have different colours. [5]

(b) (i) Define the terms complex ion and ligand. [2]
(ii) The structure of an aqueous complex ion which is pale blue in colour is shown below.

Give the IUPAC name of this complex ion, and state its shape. Describe the type of ligand(s)
present(s) in this complex ion. [6]
(iii) Draw the structure of complex ion with formula of [Cu(H2 O)6 ]2+ . [1]

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20 (a) Describe the chemical reaction of Group 2 elements with water. [5]

(b) Explain the solubility of sulphates of Group 2 elements. [3]

(c) Explain the acid-base property and the thermal stability of the oxides of silicon. [7]

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