Q1.

a) Describe open-channel flow and mention scope and purpose of open channel
Hydraulics.
b) From the inflow and outflow to a given channel section, derive the continuity
equation for incompressible, unsteady, non-uniform flow.
c. i) for what specific condition the energy principle is more valid than momentum
principles?
ii) Using the two principles, derive the Bernoulli’s equation for prismatic channels
inclined downward with angle  (large angle) aand non-uniform flow.
iii) Draw the specific energy curve for the channel of section factors Z1, Z2, Z3,
where Z1> Z2>Z3 and angle of inclination  is 200.( WITH NEAT SKETCH).

Q2. a) Derive an equation for determining discharge at critical regime of flow in a

prismatic triangular channel of side slope 1:1 in terms of depth only.
b)

Q3. a) Describe the Gradually Varied Flow (GVF) and write the condition that should be
met (assumed) to analysis GVF.
b) Derive the Dynamic Equation of GVF and classify the flow profiles by giving
analytical and logical justification for each type. Show each of them by neat sketches.
c) if a series of three channels of longitudinal slope (i.e So>Sc) is transmitted to a
channel of slope (So<Sc) and finally enters the channel of slope (So=Sc). at what
transition a Hydraulic jump is formed? why? show by plotting the flow profiles at each
reaches.

Reservoir So>Sc

So<Sc
So=Sc
fig.1

Q4.a) A 6m wide, rectangular channel has a bottom slope S 0 of 0.005 and conveys a
discharge Q of 28 m3/S (n=0.013). At the beginning of the canal the water depth is
critical. (BY Graphical method).
b) A vertical sluice gate is situated on the very wide rectangular channel as shown in
fig.2 below. (Submerged type). The width of the channels (U/s and d/s of the gate)
is 4.0m and the opening of the gate is 1.0m. The coefficient of vena contracta
(Cc=0.80). Determine
i) Flow profiles formed at each point.
 ii) The length of the d/s apron from sluice gate opening to the vertical drop in bed
(A to D). Assuming vena-contracta is just d/s of the sluice gate. Use Direct
integration method with to end points only to compute GVF and take N=3 and
M=3.
Cc
Cd 
a
1  Cc
h1

sluice
4m gate
m
h1=3 m

fig.2

c) Upstream of the sluice gate (fig.1) the water is raised by the gate to 4.0m. Using Direct
Step method to compute the effect of back water curve up to 5% greater than the normal
depth of flow. Take n=0.02 and =1.0.

Q5. a) A sharp-crested suppressed weir is 1.5m long. Calculate the height of the weir
required to pass a flow of 0.75.m/s while maintaining an upstream depth of flow of
1.50m. Cd= 0.611 + 0.08(H1/P).

b) A rectangular channel 3.0m wide can carry a discharge of 3.60m3/s at a normal depth
of 1.2m. Design a side weir so that it will pass a;; the flow in the canal when the
discharge is 2.00m3/s and will divert 0.6m3/s when the canal discharges 3.60m3/s
 2 E  3S  E  Y  E Y 
Given M =    3 sin    and

 ES  Y S  E  S 
3F12
CM = 0.611 1 

F12  2 

Q.6.a) For Rapidly varied Unsteady Flow (RVUF), mention the types of Surge-wave and
show each of them by neat sketches.
b) Derive the equation of absolute velocity of the wave for positive surges moving U/s.

c) In tidal river the depth and velocity of flow are 0.90m and 1.25m/s respectively. If the
channel is assumed as trapezoidal shape of side slope 1:1 and bottom width 2.0m,
determine absolute velocity of the tide-wave moving u/s and the resulting wave discharge
for sudden closure of the gate d/s and the water will raised by 0.4m.