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This paper presents an insight into the speed control of D.C motor using
a fuzzy logic controller to meet the desired speed. Fuzzy logic is one of the most
successful applications of fuzzy set in which the variables are linguistic rather
than numeric. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is based on a set of control rules
(fuzzy rules) among linguistic variables. The personal computer provides the
necessary flexibility in setting any speed profile with the use of fuzzy packages.
Basically a D.C shunt motor has drooping speed-torque characteristics. The
proposed fuzzy controller results in a better response compared to the basic
fuzzy controller and normal response of D.C motor. The step response
parameters can be closely controlled with the help of simple operations within
the controller. The simulation is carried out and the simulation results present
the flexibility of the motor speed control.
V − Ia R a A V − Ia R a
N= . = k.
zϕ P ϕ
Hence, the speed can be controlled by varying,
i) Flux/pole (ϕ ). Field Control Method
ii) Voltage of armature circuit, by varying Ra, Armature Control Method.
A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is based on a set of control rules (fuzzy rules) among
linguistic variables. Usually these rules are expression in the form of conditional
statements (if x is small, then y is large). The execution of these rules is given by the
compositional title. A basic architecture of FLC is shown in Fig 1. This structure
consists of following four modules:
Knowledge base
Decision
Fuzzifier Defuzzifier
making logic
Plant
The block diagram of the dc motor speed control system is as shown in Fig2. The
inputs for the proposed fuzzy logic controller are the speed error (e) and the derivative
of the speed error (de/dt). The output of the controller is the change in the motor
voltage ∆ V. The linguistic variables for the input and output sets are Negative Large
(NL), Negative Small (NS), ZERO, Positive Small (PS) and Positive Large (PL). The
shapes of the fuzzy sets are isosceles triangles and trapezoid for large term sets (NL,
PL) as shown in Fig 3. The Rule Base used in the design of the fuzzy logic controller is
shown in Fig 4. The basic location of the singletons which are at the centre of gravity
of the triangular sets are –3,-1,0,+1,+3 for NL, NS, ZERO, PS, and PL respectively.
e
Error Fuzzy Logic
Ref Speed de/dt
Computer Controller
NL NS ZERO PS PL
PL NL NL
PS ZERO NS NL NL
PL PS ZERO NS NL
PL PL PS ZERO NS
PL PL PS
PL
PS
ZERO
NS
NL
Fig 4: Fuzzy control rules
KNOWLEDGE
BASE
Interference
Fuzzifier Defuzzifier
Engine
Error Interpreter
Dc motor
OUTPUT:
CONCLUSIONS:
The proposed fuzzy logic controller is suitable for speed control of a DC motor. The
personal computer provides the necessary flexibility in setting any speed profile with
the use of fuzzy packages. The proposed fuzzy controller gives better response
compared to the basic fuzzy controller. The step response parameters can be closely
controlled with the help of simple operations within the controller.
REFERENCES:
[1] C.C.Lee, Fuzzy logic in control systems: Fuzzy logic control part-1&2, IEEE
Trans nsystems Man & Cybernatics.
[2] Mattavelli, General purpose Fuzzy Control for DC to DC converter.IEEE Trans
Power Electronics.
[3] Fuzzy Logic Control of a Switched reluctance motor drive.
Bolognani, s.; Zigliotto, M;
Industry Applications, IEEE transactions on volume 32, issue 5, Sept-Oct 1996
Pages: 1063-1068.
[4] W So .C Tse & Y Lee development of Fuzzy Logic Control for DC to DC
converter design, computer simulation & experimental evaluation IEEE trans
on Power Electronics