Industrial Internship Final Report Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Jabatan Kerja Raya JKR

Industrial Internship Final Report Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
Jabatan Kerja Raya JKR
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE HOST COMPANY

Public Works Department also known as Jabatan
Kerja Raya (JKR) as a main implementing agency to
government. JKR objective is to deliver projects with
quality, on time and within cost.
JKR Vision is to become a world-class service provider
and centre of excellence in asset management, project
management and engineering services for the
development of nation's infrastructure through creative
and innovative human capital and state-of-the-art
technology.
JKR Mission is to contribute to the nation-building
through:
 Helping clients deliver policy outcomes and services

through working with them as strategic partners.
 Standardizing processes and systems to deliver

consistent outcomes.
 Providing effective and innovative asset and project

management.
 Strengthening existing engineering competencies.
 Developing human capital and new competencies.
 Upholding integrity in delivering services.
 Building harmonies relationships with the

community.
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 Taking good care of the environment in delivering

services.
JKR administration is supported by three main sectors,

Business Sector, Corporate Sector and Specialist Sector. All
of the above sectors covered for fourteen departments
including JKR Federal Territory, JKR Kesedar and JKR
State. The details are as below:
 Business Sector
 Cawangan Jalan
 Cawangan Kerja Bangunan Am (CKBA)
 Cawangan Kerja Keselamatan
 Cawangan Kerja Kesihatan
 Cawangan Kerja Pendidikan & Pengajian Tinggi
 Cawangan Pengkalan Udara & Maritim (CEPUM)
 Corporate Sector
 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Senggara
 Cawangan Pengurusan Korporat
 Cawangan Pengurusan Projek Kompleks
 JKR Wilayah Persekutuan
 JKR Kesedar
 JKR Negeri
 Specialist Sector
 Cawangan Arkitek
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 Cawangan Kontrak & Ukur Bahan (CKUB)
 Cawangan Jalan & Geoteknik
 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam, Struktur &

Jambatan (CKASJ)
 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Elektrik (CKE)
 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal
 Cawangan Alam Sekitar & Kecekapan Tenaga
Figure 1 : JKR Organization Chart
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1.1.1 History of JKR

For more than 100 years, Public Works Department
(PWD) Malaysia touched many aspects of the nation's life.
We had provided infrastructure and conducive environment
for living, working, playing, and praying. We built roads as a
means of communications, and they have been the main
catalyst in the socio-economic development of the country.
We supplied safe water and had contributed in building a
healthy and progressive nation. Architecture has been playing
a major role in our nation building. some buildings have been
accepted as important landmarks in our country and has
enriched the Malaysian architectural heritage. We are proud
to have contribute significantly in these development. Public
Works Department (PWD) was born in 1872 with Major
J.F.A McNair as the first head of the organization. The events
that lead to the formation of PWD began earlier than 1872
when the British East India Company - trading between
England, India, and China - needed a safe station for refitting
their ships. They found it in Penang. Penang was well
positioned for their purpose. In 1786, they persuaded the
Sultan of Kedah to give up the rights of the island to the
company. They managed to get Penang in 1791 through a
treaty. In 1825, through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, Malacca
reverted to the British in exchange for Bencoolen. Raffles, in
1819, entered into a treaty with Sultan Hussein and
Temenggong Abdul Rahman giving the Bristish the rights to
establish settlements in Singapore. These three territories
(Penang, Malacca, and Singapore) formed the Straits
Settlement in 1826.
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Another reason that brought the British to settle in the region

was because of the tin-rich and fertile cultivation land in
many of the Malay States. The so-called Pangkor
Engagement (1874) paved the way for the British influence
in Malay States. During this year, they managed to make
inroad into Perak, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan. They
posted their Residents and Subordiante Officers to advice the
Malay rulers. Later, Pahang also accepted this residential
system of government. By 1896, the system was
administered centrally with Kuala Lumpur as the seat of
authority. The four states together with Kuala Lumpur was
known as the Federated Malay States.
1.1.2 Corporate Logo
Figure 2 : JKR Corporate Logo
Description
1. Generally, the logo reflects the various fields of work

under the responsibility of the Public Works
Department.
2. Starting from the bottom, the curved black lines

symbolize waterworks and also portray the Public
Works Department as a dynamic organization.
3. The bold black arch-shaped lines symbolize bridge
works and also reflect Public Works Department as an
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organization that basically carries out engineering

works.
4. The straight black line above the arch-shaped lines
symbolized road works.
5. Fourteen (14) black lines above the straight line
symbolize building works and also reflect the 14
states of Malaysia including the Federal Territories.
Colour
1. Yellow symbolize adulthood to portray PWD as one

of the oldest organization created and also reflects the
image of maturity in achieving its objective.
2. Black symbolizes strength / unity as a quality among

the branches of the organization in the
implementation of projects.
3. Grey symbolizes humility in service.
1.2 EXPERIENCES OF JKR

JKR is able to provide expertise and experience in
the design of structural steel and concrete structures, bridges
and so on. Over the years, the company has acquired a track
record in the design of housing and community projects,
high-rise structures and infrastructures. The company
experiences projects include offices and retail development,
bridges, foundation and earthworks.
This company comprises a strong team of professional

personnel with various experiences in design as well as
project management skills. Computer facilities provided by
the company are used extensively for Computer-Aided
design (CAD) and drafting, and those computers are
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regularly maintained and consistently upgraded-adopting the

latest methods in structural analyses and design.
This company believes that it can provide innovative
structure solutions that match the demands of a growing
Malaysian trend towards more sophisticated and creative
designs of buildings. Striving for simplicity of structural
form, which is to be achieved at minimum cost and within
project time limitation is it main goal to be accomplished.
1.2.1 Director General Instructions (Arahan KPKR )
These are the instructions issued by current and

previous JKR Director Generals starting from 1980 until
now. These instructions are meant for the contractors and
consultants that handle JKR projects
The instructions touch on the JKR's policies on project

management and constructions. The instructions are
categorized into five broad topics:
 Project planning
 Pre-contract conditions
 Contract administration
 Maintenance and small scale works
1.2.2 Consultation Services
As a government consultancy, JKR involved :
 Planning and Design Project
 Deliver Professional Input
There are various projects have been done by JKR.

Commonly the types of projects covered for Roadwork,
Government Buildings such as school, offices, quarters,
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mosque and hospital, Jetty, Port and Airport. The clients are
Kementerian Kerja Raya and other government agencies.
 Planning and Design
In planning and designing projects, we started from
collects all the supporting data that could help in analysis
of the projects. Then we continue to the merekabentuk
process and produce a plan. We use design software such
and CADD state-of-the-art computer-aided design and
drafting in order to help us designing architectural,
structural design, road as well as in draw a plan.
 Professional Input
Commonly, Deliver Professional Input such as technical

advices and research. For instant, JKR deliver
suggestions and recommendation to the clients about
measures need to be taken to overcome structural failure
or building failure.
In spite of that, JKR business also covered for :
 Project Management
 Maintenance Management
1.2.3 Project Management
In project management, JKR involved in planning, designing,

implementation and project maintenance. Upon
implementation of projects, JKR take consideration of time,
resources and quality to complete the projects with regarding
to the objective and clients needs. There are two methods in
implementing our projects :
 Convensional
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 Design and build
 Convensional
All planning and design procedure is implement in house.

The construction phase is constructed by the contractor
by tendering process. For monitoring and maintenance,
JKR has choices whether by doing it ourselves or
conferred consulting engineer to work on it.
 Design and Build
For design and build projects, JKR infinite the needs

statement. The process started from planning, design,
construct and maintenance by contractor. In preliminary
construction JKR play a role as quality controller and
maintain the project at certain stages.
1.3 INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVE
The industrial internship program is established by

Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) for a purpose that its
students not only learn about theoretical knowledge from
lecture in university but must also being exposed in the real
industries work. The eight months industrial internship is part
of four years undergraduate in engineering program or three
and half years for business and information technology
studies which every students must complete the program or
else their studies in UTP can be considered as incomplete.
One of its primary goals is to expose the students to an actual

working environment so that the students are able to relate
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the theoretical knowledge gained by lectures and adopt in

real working environment. In addition to that, students also
can develop their work ethics and communication skills
which can only be gained through actual working experience.
At the end of the internship, students will be able to:-
 Apply theoretical knowledge in industrial application

- to apply the theoretical knowledge learned in the
university during the actual work in real industries
world.
 Acquire skills in communication, management and
team-work
- students will develop and polish their soft-skills while
working in everyday tasks and projects.
 Practice ethical and professional work culture
- students will be exposed to implement professional work
ethics in daily life.
 Implement Health Safety and Environment (HSE)
practices at workplace
- at work place there many probabilities that an accidents
can be occur especially at plant, construction site and even
in the office, so students will be aware of the rules and
regulations regarding HSE at the workplace and take a full
responsibility if anything happens If they are not abide the
rules.
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1.4 SCOPE OF WORK, TASKS AND PROJECTS

UNDERTAKEN
Throughout the internship period, I have been
assigned with several projects and those projects are related
covered in the range of civil and structures. Moreover, I also
had been exposed to the flow of projects and exposed to the
document of contract and condition of contract that was
currently undertaken by the company. There are many types
of contract that currently are being practiced throughout the
nation, and each of that has its own advantages and
disadvantages and will be discussed later in the next chapter.
During handling the projects, I was being assisted by the

company’s engineers for their guidance and advices. Those
projects have given a lot of opportunities for me to apply the
knowledge gained during studying at UTP in real work
situation, and in addition to that there are certain skills and
knowledge that can only be acquired during real work
environment under guidance of experienced senior engineers.
Below are some of the activities and projects that I involved

in and the next chapter will explain at each in detail.
 Unit Jambatan, Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam, Struktur

& Jambatan (CKASJ)
 Review Design Bridge for Jalan Semantan to
Istana Pintu 2
 Middle Ring Road Seremban (MRRS), Phase 3
 Review and Check Walking Bearing Program
Menggantikan Jambatan Di Jalan Persekutuan,
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Sungai Mambau, Daerah Seremban FT053/023/40,

Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus.
 Design Calculation for Bank Seat Abutment.
 Unit Kejuruteraan Awam, Cawangan Kejuruteraan

Awam, Struktur & Jambatan (CKASJ)
 Design Roadside Drain 450 mm PC Block Drain
Project Pusat Kegiatan Kemas, Pekan, Pahang.
 Design Pipe and Sump Invert Level Project Pusat
Kegiatan Kemas, Pekan, Pahang.
 Site Visit On Site Detention Cadangan Membina
dan Menyiapkan Projek Tapak Sekolah Rendah
Damansara Damai.
 Design On Site Detention (OSD) - Above and
Below-Ground Storage (Pipe Package) System for
Cadangan Membina dan Menyiapkan Bangunan
Gunasama Persekutuan Klang yang Mengandungi
Sebuah Blok Pentadbiran, Sebuah Pondok
Pengawal, Sebuah Rumah Sampah dan Sebuah
Pencawang Elektrik di atas Lot HS(D) 59398,
Mukim Kapar, Daerah Klang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan.
 Earthworks Cross Section and Longitudinal
Section of Soil (Keratan Tanah) Cadangan
Membina Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan, Seberang
Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang.
 Acceleration and Deceleration Lane (ACDC) for
Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan, Seberang Perai, Pulau
Pinang.
 Prepared Water Reticulation report for Project
Cadangan Mahkamah Piawai Dua Bilik Bicara di
Alor Gajah, Melaka.
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 Design Loop Water Reticulation System for

Cadangan Mahkamah Piawai Dua Bilik Bicara,
Alor Gajah, Melaka.
 PE calculation and Sewer Design for Pusat
Aktiviti Perpaduan, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang.
 Unit Bangunan Am 2, Struktur, Cawangan Kejuruteraan
 Design Beam Floor Plan and Roof Plan Pusat
Aktiviti Perpaduan Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
 Beam Design using STAAD PRO Kompleks
Sukan Komuniti Sandakan, Sabah
 Beam Design using STAAD PRO Pusat Aktiviti
Perpaduan Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
 Design Beam for Floor Plan Guard House Pusat
Aktiviti Perpaduan Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
 Design Staircase Beam for Water Tank R&R
Perasing, Kemaman
 Design Staircase Surau R&R Perasing, Kemaman
 Design Column Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan
Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
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CHAPTER II
INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP PROJECTS AND MAIN
ACTIVITIES
2.1 Unit Jambatan, Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam,

Struktur & Jambatan (CKASJ)
2.1.1 Review design on Bridge for Jalan Semantan to

Istana Pintu 2.
The design covered stiffness at piers, abutment,
supports, temperature, shrinkag and creep (TSC),
shrinkage and creep (SC), skidding and design strain. I
also been introduced to the BS5400 Steel, Concrete and
Composite Bridges and the second reference is Design
Manual for Roads and Bridges. The vertical load on
bearing including dead and live load. The rotation
included in bridge due to pre-stressed force and self-
weight of beam.
2.1.2 Site visit to Project Middle Ring Road Seremban

(MRRS), Phase 3
On 08th December 2009, me with a team of engineers
and technical assistant from Cawangan Kejuruteraan
Awam, Struktur & Jambatan (CKASJ) and Cawangan
Kejuruteraan Ukur Bahan (CKUB) consist of 8 were
together conduct a site visit to Projek Lingkaran Tengah
Seremban Fasa 3, Negeri Sembilan. The purpose of this
site visit is for site visiting in spite to get an idea about
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the current progress of the project. The project is

tendered by Konsortium Temokin Villa-Jelas JV Sdn.
Bhd and VE Consult as the consultant. The purpose of
this project is to provide a comfortable roadways for
Seremban people in spite to cope with many cars using
the existing roads especially in the morning and at the
end of office hour everyday. Middle Ring Roadways
Seremban (MRRS) consist of 3 phases. The project
consist of roads, ramps, flyovers and interchanges along
the allignment.
The phase 3 of project allignment is 10.6 kilometers
dual carriageway roads starting from Jalan Sungai
Ujong Interchange to Temiang Jaya 1 Interchange.
Under this phase 3, construction of 15 bridges/viaducts
and 1 underpass are required at interchanges, rivers and
deep ravine crossing. From this site visit, I get to know
and see the structure of bridge such as pier, abutment,
beam, diapragm and parapet in a real situation and I got
a lot of knowledge about the difficulties and the
problems encountered for each project.
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Figure 3 : VE Consultant, Temokin Villa Jelas JV

Construction and engineers from JKR
Figure 4 : Bridge and Ramp

Figure 5 : 40 beam span for bridge
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Figure 6 : Bridge Components
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 Abutment - An abutment is an end support of a bridge

superstructure. Abutments are used for the following
purposes such as to transmit the loads of from the
superstructure to the foundations, support the bearing
devices, support the backwalls and others. There are
different types of abutments including Footing - Type
Abutments where each has a footing, sill and end dam,
25-30 foot spans. Then, Pile Abutments that consist of
steel or timber and can support spans of any length while
Concrete Abutments is the most permanent type, and can
span any length with a max height of 20 ft.
 Wing Wall - A wing wall is a smaller wall attached or

next to a larger wall or structure. In a bridge, the wing
walls are adjacent to the abutments and act as retaining
walls. The wing walls can either be attached to the
abutment or be independent of it. The soil and fill
supporting the roadway and approach embankment are
retained by the wing walls, which can be at a right angle
to the abutment or splayed at different angles. The wing
walls are generally constructed at the same time and of
the same materials as the abutments. Scour can be a
problem for wing walls and abutments both, as the water
in the stream erodes the supporting soil. Design wing
wall is a part of abutment analysis approach slab included
surcharge and bulk density and covered for main
reinforcement, secondary reinforcement and others.
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 Curtain Wall - defined as thin, usually aluminum-

framed wall, containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or
thin stone. Curtain walling is a vertical building enclosure
which supports no load other than its own weight and the
environmental forces act on it.
 Corbel Wall - a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to

carry any superincumbent weight.
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Figure 7 : Bridge Cross Section
Figure 8 : Parapet Cross Section
2.1.3 Review and Check Walking Bearing Program

Menggantikan Jambatan Di Jalan Persekutuan,
Sungai Mambau, Daerah Seremban FT053/023/40,
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus.
Bearing is a must bridge component calculation in
each design bridge calculation. There are many types
of bearing that been used in bridge design such as
elastomeric bearing, laminated bearing, strip bearing,
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pot bearing, leaf bearing, knuckle bearing and others.

The functions of bearing is to provide a connection to
control the interaction of loadings and movements
between parts of structure usually between
superstructure and substructure.
2.1.4 Design Calculation for Bank Seat Abutment.

This design calculation used rectangular hollow span
(RHS) so it did not require slab. The design covered
calculation of dead load means the loads due to the
mass of the structure. The dead load usually covered
for deck slab, beam and diaphragm while the
superimposed dead load including parapet and
asphaltic concrete. The diaphragm categorized into
two, end and intermediate diaphragm. End diaphragm
influence the midspan moment in a loaded girders in
two ways. While the intermediate diaphragm
increased the live load distribution factor at low skew
angle.
Live load as used in structural engineering means the
portion of the load that result from the function of the
structure for example the live load on a bridge is the
result of traffic and weather conditions. The live load
include HA Load, HB Load, HA+HB Load. Selection
of the design vehicle live loading for the structure
being rated should consider both the basic design
vehicle and all special permit vehicles or applicable
fatigue vehicle so that the maximum legal loads are
applied. Additional effect such as wind, centrifugal
thermal or other forces should be considered where
applicable. Apart from dead and live load calculation
on bridges, the longitudinal load, accidental load due
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to skidding, earth pressure, surcharge also been

considered.
2.2 Unit Kejuruteraan Awam, Cawangan Kejuruteraan

2.2.1 Design Roadside Drain 450 mm PC Block Drain

Project Pusat Kegiatan Kemas, Pekan, Pahang.
The design calculation based on Manual Saliran
Mesra Alam (MSMA) Chapter 13 covered Design
Rainfall and Chapter 14 for Flow Estimating &
Routing. MSMA is the Department of Irrigation and
Drainage Design Manual introduced in January 2001.
It replace the previous 30 years old Planning and
Design Procedure No. 1: Urban Drainage Design
Standard for Peninsular Malaysia 1975. The main
focus of MSMA is to manage the stormwater instead
of draining it away as fast as possible to a more
enviromentally approach known as control/source
approach. This approach utilize retention/detention,
infiltration and purification process. It’s a technical
guide design to assist stakeholders towards achieving
sustainable stormwater management in Malaysia.
The roadside drain is designed as the perimeter drain
at site to cater whole area of site as the catchment.
Roadside drain have variables in sizes such as 450
mm in diameter and 300 mm in diameter. The design
procedures are as stated below :
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1. Design for time of concentration, tc

- the design criteria such as Ld is the length of
longest drain, Lo is length of overland flow, n is
Manning roughness (MSMA Chapter 14 Table
14.2) and S is slope at the overland surface. Then
the value of tc by equation 14.1 :
tc = 107nLo + td
S1/2
td = nLd …..equation 14.
60R2/3S1/2
2. Design rainfall intensities I. The values of a, b, c, d
of the ARI based on the location of the site
(Appendix 13A1).
3. Calculate Qactual = CIA, C design chart 14.3, I
from the intensities above and A is the area of the
catchment in ha.
4. Calculate the Q allow from 450 mm diameter
roadside drain by formula Q = 1/n [AR 2/3 S ½]
R is wetted perimeter
5. The Q actual at site will be compare with the Q
allow for the drain. The Qactual must be lesser than
the Q allow so in the other words the drain that been
calculated be able to cater the discharge at site.
2.2.2 Calculation invert level for pipe and sump Pusat

Kegiatan Kemas, Pekan Pahang
The invert level is the level of the sump that need to be
design as an analysis of the peak flow and capacity of
the drain as well as in the sump to avoid congestion of
the flow and provide smooth flow in the sum. The
invert level in each sum categorized for upstream and
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downstream. The data in the design calculation such as

ground level, length of the drain, gradient and others.
The invert level is the level at each drain categorized
by upstream and downstream for the drain. The water
will flow from pipe to pipe and from pipe to sump.
The principle is water cannot flow from sump to pipe.
1. Locate pipe and sump in drawing
2. Connect and draw the connection of pipe to pipe and
pipe to sump in drawing.
MIN. U/S
TYPE U/S D/S G.L LENGTH GRADIENT DEPTH I.L
PERIMETER P11-
DRAIN S28 P11 S28 4.5 45.569 0.1806 0.3 4.2
3. For example if the pipe 11 to the sump 28 :
P11 – pipe 11
S28 – sump 28
U/S – upstream
D/S – downstream
G.L – ground level
Length – the length between pipe 11 and sump 28
Minimum depth is depend on the type of drain
Upstream Invert Level = Ground Level – Minimum Depth
Downstream Invert Level = Upstream Invert Level –
Gradient
2.2.3 Site Visit On Site Detention Cadangan Membina dan

Menyiapkan Projek Tapak Sekolah Rendah
Damansara Damai.
There are generally two types of OSD. Above ground
and Below ground. The below ground is generally
more costly to construct, and the above ground is
generally "land hungry". An engineer advice is
recommended to assess what are the best and possibly
only alternatives available. Every site is different, and
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the most economical, aesthetic, and environmentally

friendly solution is our aim. The application approach
for this project is below ground storage OSD. The
material used for OSD pipe for this project is HDPE
(High Density Polyethylen) type. For the project, there
are seven numbers of HDPE pipes have been used in
the orientation of five pipes are oriented in vertical and
two pipes in horizontal as the inlet and outlet of the
OSD. The stormwater flows from the football field
nearby will flow into the sump inlet of the OSD. At the
sump inlet, there are a screen to capture the trash from
flowing to the OSD. The OSD is about 1.8 m in
diameter. When the water flows in OSD, it will
discharge through the smaller diameter of outlet pipe
at about 750 mm to be discharged into the nearby drain
slowly. The overfow pipe also is provided in the case
of emergency. The OSD pipe only will in full capacity
when it is raining. The spaces around OSD pipes will
be filled with compacted sand layer by layer until it
will be cover by soil until the top strata. The upper site
of OSD can be use to construct parking bay,
playground or in this project, the netball court will be
construct. Typical photos of some system are below.
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Figure 9 : Below ground OSD (HDPE material)
Below ground system are generally constructed from HDPE

material, high density polyethylene. HDPE is the high
density version of PE plastic. It is harder, stronger and a little
heavier than LDPE, but less ductile. Dishwasher safe.
HDPE is lighter than water, and can be moulded, machined,
and joined together using welding (difficult to glue).
The appearance is wax-like, lustreless and opaque. The use of
UV-stabilizators (carbon black) improves its weather
resistance but turns it black.
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Figure 10 : Inlet of OSD
Figure 11: Complete system of OSD
Above ground
storage
Below ground
Storage
Figure 12 : In this system, water is stored on the grassed area

and in a tank underground.
2.2.4 Design On Site Detention (OSD) - Above and Below-

Ground Storage (Pipe Package) System for
Cadangan Membina dan Menyiapkan Bangunan
Gunasama Persekutuan Klang yang Mengandungi
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Sebuah Blok Pentadbiran, Sebuah Pondok

Pengawal, Sebuah Rumah Sampah dan Sebuah
Pencawang Elektrik di atas Lot HS(D) 59398,
Mukim Kapar, Daerah Klang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan.
On-site Stormwater Detention (OSD) is a way of
ensuring that changes in land use do not cause more
downstream flooding: both in the local drainage
system immediately downstream and along the creeks
and rivers further downstream. The topic covered in
MSMA Chapter 19 for On Site Detention.
The Components of an OSD System covered
Discharge control pit, Storage and Collection network.
The discharge control pit is located at the lowest point
on the site and all flows leaves the site through this pit.
The pit contains an orifice (circular hole) in a stainless
steel plate fixed to the side wall. The orifice is sized to
limit discharge from the site to the maximum
permissible rate. The Storage can be located on the
surface, underground or on a roof. It detains the excess
runoff that cannot immediately pass through the
orifice. The storage fills by overflow from the
discharge control pit and empties quickly though the
pit once the rain eases. The collection network consists
of gutters, pits, pipes and surface grading. It delivers
all site runoff to the discharge pit. The collection
network must carry all run-off: even in the event of a
100-year storm. Run-off from upstream properties
must be diverted around the OSD storage.
As overall the procedure of OSD design as below :
1. Select the storage type i.e above ground, below

ground or combine above and below ground
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2. Determine the area of site
3. Determine the amount of impervious and pervious

area
4. Determine tc and tcs
5. Calculate pre development flow Qp and post

development flow Qa
6. Determine PSD permissible site discharge
7. Determine SSR site storage requirement
8. PSD < SSR ok!
2.2.4 Earthworks Cross Section and Longitudinal Section

of Soil (Keratan Tanah) Cadangan Membina Pusat
Aktiviti Perpaduan, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau
Pinang.
Define the cross section of the soil strata is the

fundamental and necessary step need to be taken
before starting any project on the soil. Firstly, the
project engineer need to do Site Investigation (SI) to
find out the information about soil, site and the strata.
The engineer will find the benchmark to obtain the
level of soil strata in particular point at project site.
The cross section drawing as a function for the
engineers to know the level of soil strata and the
needed amount need to be cut or fill into the strata to
32
level up the soil at the same level. The cross section

drawing as an important method in Earthworks
especially Invert Level for Drainage System Network.
The soil strata cross section is only done for the new
building that will be build in each site. It does not
necessary to do so for the exsting building in term of
renovation.
There are certain guide and notes to be taken in the

earthworks. All the earthworks for cut and fill soil at
project site and building site must be done at the early
stage of construction. The thickness of layer that need
to be filled cannot exceed 300mm. The fill soil need to
be compacted until it acquire 95% Maximum Dry
Density. For the cut soil, the height of the soil cannot
exceed more than 5 metres and the slope must not be
less than linear ratio 1:1.5. Whether for the fill soil the
height cannot exceed 4 metres and the ratio must be
higher than 1:2. All the slope top soil strata need to be
covered quickly by short grass during the
construction.The sand layer strata must at least be
covered by 150mm height thickness of laterite as well
as 50 mm top soil before grow grass.
For project that need more soil to be fill, it acquire

more cost while the cut soil need to follow the guide
from the Ministry of Environment. The lack in cutting
and filling soil will result the building to collapse or
else.
The procedure as stated below :

1. Architest provide Site Plan that covered all the
buidings in the particular project with the provided
level from benchmark.
33
2. Draw a line in horizontal and vertical as the

reference line. 3. Observe all buidings and the level
that come cross with the line.
4. The nearest level is then be plotted.
5. The suggested platform level in this project is 1.6
metres, therefore which level is less than 1.6 metres
must be filled while the level more than 1.6 m, the soil
need to be cut.
6. When the reference line come across the building,
the platform level will rise until 1.75 m.
2.2.5 Acceleration and Deceleration Lane (ACDC) for

Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan, Seberang Perai, Pulau
Pinang.
The design is using the Arahan Teknik Jalan 11/87
(ATJ) Guide to The Design At-Grade Intersections
issued by Cawangan Jalan JKR. This topic is under
Roadworks that covered by Unit Bangunan Am.
Prior research revealed the safety importance of
acceleration and deceleration (ACDC) lane lengths.
The methodology presented herein allows a highway
planner or designer to assess the benefits of
improving the safety of interchanges considered for
reconstruction, or when experiencing higher than
average accident frequencies, without requiring
existing accident records.
Acceleration lane - lane typically in the left side of a
roadway that lets a vehicle increase its speed to where
it can safely merge with traffic.
Deceleration lane - lane typically in the left side of a
roadway that lets a vehicle decrease its speed to
where it can safely stop or turn. A deceleration lane is
a paved or semi-paved lane adjacent to the primary
34
road or street. It is used to improve traffic safety by

allowing drivers to pull off the main road and
decelerate safely so that the traffic behind the turning
vehicle is not slowed or halted. Deceleration lanes
primarily found in suburban settings. Merging is
designed to permit vehicles to enter and exit a
highway without causing disruption in the flow of
traffic. Highways are equipped with on-ramps and
off-ramps, which generally connect to acceleration
and deceleration lanes. Then use the acceleration lane
to match the speed flow, and ease the vehicle into an
appropriate gap before the acceleration lane ends. A
successful merge entails the drivers entering the
highway almost at or at the speed limit, while causing
no disturbance in the speeds of the vehicles behind.
Figure 13 : Example of Acceleration Lane
2.2.6 Prepared Water Reticulation report for Project

Cadangan Mahkamah Piawai Dua Bilik Bicara di
Alor Gajah, Melaka.
The objective of the report is to give information about
the design concept and the design calculation of water
suppy for the particular project. Size of the pipe and
35
tank depends on water supply needed for the project.

The design calculation depends on type of construction
and daily average water supply.
The parameter covered in the design calculation such
as design of flow, flow during fire (300 gallon per
minute), head loss from Hazen-Williams formula and
storage tank. The coefficient for the parameter is taken
from Malaysia Water Association (MWA).
The criteria that need to be calculate is the diameter of
pipe that will flow the water from the main pipe into
the site project. The diameter of main pipes is fixed
depends on the existing main pipe at the site. The
second criteria is to check the main water pressure.
The calculation need data about water pressure test
that has been done by water authorities in a particular
state. The water pressure will result to the safe water
level pressure that been endorsed by water authorities.
2.2.7 Design Loop Water Reticulation System for

Cadangan Mahkamah Piawai Dua Bilik Bicara,
Alor Gajah, Melaka.
The Loop methodology has been used for the past
few years and now the method is not commonly used
in Reticulation System anymore. Now the method
has been replaced with calculation as my previous
task assignment. The Loop Software is under Water
Supply scope covered by Unit Bangunan Am.
LOOP 4.0 is a program that is developed by the
World Bank for simulation, design and optimization
of looped water distribution networks. The program
is free and is in the public domain. The code for
LOOP was developed by Dr Prasad Modak and Juzer
Dhoodia in 1990. LOOP 4.0 can handle up to 1000
36
pipes or 750 nodes and allows inclusion of

pumps/reservoirs, existing as well as parallel pipes,
check valves, pressure reducing valves. The program
runs in MS DOS. But its user friendly data entry
editor, on-line help and a report generation routine
provides a MS Windows like experience.
Loop simulates the hydraulics of a pressurized,
looped (close circuit) water distribution network.
The network is characterized by pipes and nodes.
Data required are the description of the elements, of
the networks such as pipe lengths, diameter, Hazen
William Coefficient (HWC), nodal demands and
ground elevation. Water networks have the nodes
and pipes numbered and coordinated. This allows for
easy re-arrangement of the network layout without
having to manually re-number nodes and pipes. After
the input required have been keyed-in, the Loop
Software will run for the output such as the flow,
velocity and pressure at each pipe and node.
2.2.8 Design Population Equivalent and Sewerage for

Project Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan (PAP), Seberang
Perai, Pulau Pinang.
A manhole is the top opening to an underground
utility vault used to house an access point for
performing maintenance on underground and buried
public utility and other services including sewers. It is
protected by a manhole cover that is a removable
plate forming the lid over the opening of a manhole,
to prevent anyone from falling in and to keep
unauthorized persons out. Manholes are usually
outfitted with metal or polypropylene steps installed
in the inner side of the wall to allow easy descent into
37
the manhole. Manholes are generally found in urban

areas, in streets and occasionally under sidewalks.
They are usually in circular shape to prevent
accidental fall of the cover in the hole. In rural and
undeveloped areas, services such as telephone and
electricity may be carried on pylons rather than
underground.
An inspection chamber for use in sanitary sewer
systems has an integral back-flow prevention valve. I
design for PE calculation for the project.
Figure 14 : The inspector is collecting data

about the IC as the maintenance purpose.
Figure 15 : Example of manhole
38
Figure 16 : Manhole with manhole cover
2.3 Unit Struktur (Bangunan Am 3), Cawangan

Kejuruteraan Awam, Struktur & Jambatan (CKASJ)
 Beam
 Design Floor Beam Hall for Project Kompleks
Sukan Komuniti Sandakan (KSK), Sabah.
 Design Floor Beam for Hall Project Pusat Aktiviti
Perpaduan (PAP), Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang/
 Design Roof Beam for Hall Project Pusat Aktiviti
Perpaduan (PAP), Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang.
 Design Water Tank Beam for Project Lebuhraya
Pantai Timur, Hentian Rehat dan Rawat Perasing.
 Design Floor Beam for Guard House Project Pusat
Aktiviti Perpaduan (PAP), Seberang Perai, Pulau
Pinang
39
The procedure to design beam manually are as stated

below :
1. Architect Drawing from Architectural Department
2. Place beam on Architect Drawing and categorized it
as secondary beam or main beam
3. The load will be transferred from slab to beam then
to column then finally foundation
4. Draw Structural key plan for beam
5. Determine the Qk imposed load from BS 5699
6. Propose suitable size of beam (the size of main
beam must be bigger than secondary beam)
7. Define the slab as 1 way or 2 way slab
[Ly/Lx] < 2; 2 way slab
[Ly/Lx] > 2; 1 way slab
Ly – longest span
Lx – shortest span
8. If the slab is 1 way, the load will be transfer only to
the longest span of beam
9. If the slab is 2 way, the load will be transfer by ratio
in Table 3.15 Bs 8110 to the longest and shortest span
10. The dead load, Gk from the selfweight of
beam+selfweight of slab+finishes
11. The total design load by 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk
12. Draw Shear Force Diagram (SFD) and Bending
Moment Diagram (BMD)
13. deff = h–cover–2link-(dia bar/2)
* cover for ground beam, c = 40 mm
First floor and above, c = 25 mm
14. Stiffness, K = (M/bd2fcu);
* if K<K`=0.156 (singly reinforced)
K>K`=0.156 (doubly reinforced)
15. z = d{0.5+[sqrt 0.25-(K/0.9)] > 0.95d
16. Shear link, vc Table 3.8 BS8110
40
17. Asreq = M/0.87fyz

18. Asprov from Table 1 BS8110
19. Deflection check
 Calculation of Shear Force and Bending Moment

Simply Supported Beam(point load only)
 Shear Force, V = P/2
 Maximum Bending Moment (at the midspan)
M=VxL
Simply Supported (Uniformly Distributed Load)

 Shear Force, V = (w x L)/2
 Maximum Bending Moment at midspan,
M = (w x L2)/8
Figure 17 : Cantilever Beam Detailing
A = Shear Reinforcement
B = Secondary Reinforcement
C = Column Reinforcement
D = Main Reinforcement
41
Figure 18 : Beam Cross Section (250 x 400)
- size of beam
- main reinforcement (tension) 3T20
- secondary reinforcement (compression) 3T16
- shear link R10-200
42
Apart from design beam as manually, I also been introduced

to STAAD PRO SOFTWARE (see appendix) to analysis
beam for projects. ATAAD PRO is Structural Analysis and
Design Software. The software observes for Bending
Moment, Shear Force and Reaction at each support. The
software also will produce the data of Area of reinforcement
required and provided for beam.
Figure 19 : Input data in STAAD PRO
43
Figure 20 : Distribution of Load
44
Figure 21 : Shear Force Diagram (SFD) and Bending

Moment Diagram (BMD)
45
F i g u r e 2
Reactions at support of beam
46
Beam Slab
Figure 23 : Beam and Slab Reinforcement
 Slab
 Design Slab for Project Kompleks Sukan Komuniti
Sandakan (KSK), Sabah.
 Design Slab for Project Pusat Aktiviti Perpaduan
(PAP), Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
Design criteria for Slab as follow :
 thickness, hf = 150 mm to 200 mm
 Cover for slab, c = 25 mm
 Main bar arrangement in Lx direction; short
span
 Secondary bar arrangement on top of the main
bar in Ly direction; long span
 Diameter bar : R10 to R12 commonly used
47
The procedure of slab design are as follow :

1. Refer Table 3.16 BS 8110 to find the condition of slab
i.e : two adjacent edges discontinuous
2. Find moments for slab in x and y direction
i.e : -msx, +msx, -msy, +msy
3. Find K values
4. Find z values
5. Find As required and As provided
6. Deflection check
 Column
 Design Column for Project Pusat Aktiviti
Perpaduan (PAP), Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang
The columns in a structure carry the loads from the
beams and slabs down to the foundations. Therefore
they are primarily compression members although
they may also have to resist bending forces due to the
continuity of the structure. Column has been divided
into two categorized :
 A braced column – where the lateral loads are
resisted by wall or some other form of bracing
48
 An unbraced column – where the lateral loads

are resisted by the bending action of the
columns
With a braced column, the axial forces and moments
are caused by the dead and imposed load only
whereas an unbraced column the loading
arrangements which include the effects of lateral
loads must also be considered.
A column is classified as short if both lex/h and ley/b
are :
 Less than 15 for a braced column
 Less than 10 for unbraced column
The procedure of colund design as stated below :

1. Find stiffness K
* stiffness at beam, ½ K = ½[bh3/12L]
Stiffness at column, K = bh3/12L
2. Analysis column by floor to floor in x-x direction
and y-y direction each
3. Find moment in column along x-x direction and
along y-y direction
4. The detail design calculation of column see
appendix
49
Figure 24 : Casting of column floor by floor
 Staircase
 Design Staircase for Water Tank Project Lebuhraya
Pantai Timur, Hentian Rehat dan Rawat Perasing.
 Design Staircase for Surau Project Lebuhraya
Pantai Timur, Hentian Rehat dan Rawat Perasing
The staircase is a structural element that consist of
threads/steps, riser, going and beam at both end as
supports.
Riser – vertical portion between each thread on the
stair. The riser may be missing for an open stair effect
Going – part of the staircase that is stepped on
Commonly, the value of riser and going been given

by architect.
The staircase is divided into two categories :
 Staircase without landing -
 Staircase with landing
50
The number of step obtained by the height of the

staircase divide by the distance of going. Only
uniform distributed load been considered in analysis
of staircase. The main reinforcement will act at along
the long direction while the secondary reinforcement
lies along short direction.
Figure 25 : Staircase without landing
51
CHAPTER III
LESSON LEARNED AND EXPERIENCES GAINED
3.1 Leadership, team work and individual activities

I have been able to develop my soft skills such as
leadership, teamwork and individual activities by various
activities and projects undertaken during my internship
period. I been able to sharpen my leadership skill by
projects that I have done. My supervisor also asked me to
monitor the progress of the project. Teamworking values
also can be found which built between me and my
colleague and other practical students from other
university for brainstorming ideas and creative solution
when analysis projects. My individual activities such as
hardworking, strive to success and others also can be
develop when I have been assigned various kind of
projects.
3.2 Business values, ethics and management skills

I also been exposed to the business values on how the
time and cost ratio effects the company. For example, if
the project encounter some problems and the project
delay from the time boundary, the company will
experiences some losses in term of expenditure. When
handling projects also, I learnt and adapt on the best
management skill and practice in project management.
The Critical Path Method (CPM) is as guide when
dealing with the project.
52
3.3 Problems or challenges faced and solutions to

overcome them
The problems that I faced such as the change in
architectural drawing. For example while working on
Keratan Tanah for Earthworks, I have been working on
it almost a month since there are lots of changes made
by the architect for the client needs. When there are
changes in architect drawing it will effects all procedure
for Civilworks and Structural Analysis. Then I need to
redesign and redraw it for the client`s needs and cost
more time to modify it. Solution that I have made to
overcome the problem is made some preparation earlier
in conjunction with any changes in the projects.
3.4 Application of Civil Engineering Concept

During handling all the projects I have been involved to
design and to produce all the structures drawing, all the
knowledge that has been gained during lectures and
studies in UTP have been fully applied. All the courses
and subjects learned in UTP are very useful to be used by
the designer such as Reinforced concrete design concept,
Structural Analysis, Foundation and Earth Structure
Design and last but not least Steel structure design.
Regarding with draught and drawing detail, it is an
application based on ACAD autodesk that has been
taught in the first year of the civil engineering courses. It
is very useful and has helped the author a lot to
familiarize with the software that also is used by JKR.
53
3.5 Insight of Design Experience

During internship period, I have been exposed to real
working job. The tasks or jobs given by the supervisor
need to be completed within a period of time. I also been
able to use STAAD PRO SOFTWARE as the main
software used in real job working by designers. Apart
from that, while working for Kompleks Sukan Sandakan, I
have been given a real task when all the data need to be
find by myself as the designer. I also need to seek the data
from the designer in charge and from the draughtperson. It
is quite hard for me for the first time handling the real
projects. But after finished it all, I gained a lot of
knowledge that I did know if I did not do it by myself as
the designer point of view.
3.6 Problems Solving

I also attended meeting at site projects regarding the
problems that contractor encounter. By attending the
meeting, I have been able to grab some knowledge about
the problems and the best solution been suggested by the
experienced senior engineers on the right way to solve it.
54
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 HOST COMPANY JKR
5.1.1 Wide scope of works

Based on my experience in JKR, I have been put
under three different departments. Then the scope of
works also different at each department with different
role and task. So, I really need to adapt the differences
fast to make sure I can catch up with all the projects
handle by the different departments that I involved in.
So in my opinion the practical students need to be
more aware about all the departments that they will be
put in during their internship period in JKR.
5.1.2 Construction Site Exposure

During internship period, the author I have been
involved mostly in analysis design rather than the real
situation at site. Most of the projects which are
handled and designed by me have been done in the
design office in JKR. During my internship, I just
been able to go for site visit for just one or two
projects in spite of many projects that I just done it in
the office. So, the experience gained tare not
sufficient for me so that what has been designed in the
office can be sufficiently understand for how the
construction will be done at site. The idea on the
method of constructions are commonly done at site is
important so that the designed structure can be done
55
easily, feasible, and most importantly to reduce error

and problems.
5.2 STUDENT INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP UNIT

(SIIU) / UTP
5.2.2 Appropriate Placement

Even though this is not the case of me, but there are
several cases where the student is placed at a host
company which has no relevance whatsoever to the
student’s field of study. For the students, they are
hoping to gain an opportunity to apply all theoretical
knowledge that have been collected during studies in
UTP, but if the hosts companies do not have the
criteria in which to allow the students to apply their
knowledge, it is such a big lost and waste of time for
the students after have gone through hardship for
gaining knowledge. It is hoped that the SIIU would be
more considerate and sensitive towards the needs of
the students in the future.
56
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
The eight months period of industrial internship

program has finally come to an end. During internship
period, I have been given the opportunity to exercise
theoretical knowledge gained in the university in real
application in industry. I have been assigned to several
projects which require full application and basic
understanding in structure design in order for me to complete
the project successfully. This exposure has improved my
management skills and also at the same time sharpen the
technical skill which has been gained through out handling
the projects or task assigned.
The experiences gained from the projects also have

enabled me to develop the communication skills and also be a
fast learning person. During the progress of the project, I
need to be alert and to be competent to handle certain
problems regarding with certain projects handled. While most
of the task are done in a group of team of engineers, the
team-work and fluent in communication skills are needed to
understand people what are the thing that need to be
presented and delivered.
Some of the tasks require me to make critical decision

and to assume certain critical matter regarding with technical
skills and other aspects in project handling. I also been
required to schedule the time wisely since many tasks need to
57
be delivered and must commit before the dead line is

reached. These aspect are the most important lesson learned
by the author, which require physically and mentally strong
to face the real challenge and to learn a lot of new things and
knowledge that are not available in university.
In conclusion, the host company JKR has offered me

a full exposure to the trainees to undergo their industrial
internship. With its conducive environment, friendly staff and
proper facilities, it allows and further motivates students to
gain as much knowledge and experiences as possible. This
has allowed the students to achieved the objective of the
industrial internship program successfully.
58
CHAPTER VI
REFERENCES
1. Jabatan Kerja Raya, JKR

2. Design Structural Elements. WMC McKenzie
3. BS8110 : 1997/1985
4. BS 5400
5. BS5950
6. MSMA, Manual Saliran Mesra Alam / Stormwater
Management System
7. Arahan Teknik Jalan, ATJ
59
CHAPTER VII
APPENDICES
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
DRAWINGS
REFERENCES
60

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Jabatan Kerja Raya JKR

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE HOST COMPANY

 Helping clients deliver policy outcomes and services

 Standardizing processes and systems to deliver

 Providing effective and innovative asset and project

 Strengthening existing engineering competencies.

 Developing human capital and new competencies.

 Upholding integrity in delivering services.

 Building harmonies relationships with the

 Taking good care of the environment in delivering

JKR administration is supported by three main sectors,

 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Senggara

 Cawangan Pengurusan Korporat

 Cawangan Pengurusan Projek Kompleks

 JKR Wilayah Persekutuan

 Cawangan Kontrak & Ukur Bahan (CKUB)

 Cawangan Jalan & Geoteknik

 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam, Struktur &

 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Elektrik (CKE)

 Cawangan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal

 Cawangan Alam Sekitar & Kecekapan Tenaga

Figure 1 : JKR Organization Chart

1.1.1 History of JKR

Another reason that brought the British to settle in the region

1.1.2 Corporate Logo

Figure 2 : JKR Corporate Logo

1. Generally, the logo reflects the various fields of work

2. Starting from the bottom, the curved black lines

organization that basically carries out engineering

1. Yellow symbolize adulthood to portray PWD as one

2. Black symbolizes strength / unity as a quality among

1.2 EXPERIENCES OF JKR

This company comprises a strong team of professional

regularly maintained and consistently upgraded-adopting the

1.2.1 Director General Instructions (Arahan KPKR )

These are the instructions issued by current and

The instructions touch on the JKR's policies on project

1.2.2 Consultation Services

As a government consultancy, JKR involved :

 Planning and Design Project

 Deliver Professional Input

There are various projects have been done by JKR.

Commonly, Deliver Professional Input such as technical

In spite of that, JKR business also covered for :

1.2.3 Project Management

In project management, JKR involved in planning, designing,

 Design and build

All planning and design procedure is implement in house.

 Design and Build

For design and build projects, JKR infinite the needs

1.3 INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVE

The industrial internship program is established by

One of its primary goals is to expose the students to an actual

the theoretical knowledge gained by lectures and adopt in

 Apply theoretical knowledge in industrial application

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK, TASKS AND PROJECTS

During handling the projects, I was being assisted by the

Below are some of the activities and projects that I involved

 Unit Jambatan, Cawangan Kejuruteraan Awam, Struktur

Sungai Mambau, Daerah Seremban FT053/023/40,

 Unit Kejuruteraan Awam, Cawangan Kejuruteraan