Chapter 2: Review of Related Studies and Literature

The literature and studies cited in this chapter tackle the different concept,
understanding, and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different development
related to study of soil stabilization from the past up to the present and which serves as
the researchers guide in developing the project. Those that were also included in this
chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present
study.

Related Studies and Literature

In a published journal done by Athira T, Ashish Johnson (International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology )expansive soils denote clayey soil that not only
possess the tendency to swell but also to shrink when the prevailing moisture condition
is allowed to change. There are various methods for improving the properties of
expansive soil. They investigated the effectiveness of coconut husk and lime from
seashells in stabilizing the expansive soil. Coconut husks and lime are commonly
available materials and are also economical. The tests were conducted for various
dosages of coconut shell powder and lime after curing periods of 0, 7 and 28 day in
order to study the drying and wetting properties. From the results it was inferred that
coconut husk powder and lime are effective in improving the properties of expansive
soil.

In a research done by Engr. Pierre Parfan (ARPN Journal of Engineering and

Applied Sciences 2016), it explores an alternative utilization of seashell wastes in clay
soil stabilization in order to reduce environmental pollution. Evaluation of the crushed
seashell (CSS) reveals that it can be considered as a gravel material, with flat but not
elongated particles of 25% of Los Angeles Abrasion loss value. Laboratory testing and
analysis determined that it meets the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) requirements for use as a subbase and base coarse
material at 45% replacement of fine soil aggregate. The CSS addition in clay soil
increases the maximum density using less water than the control group, with the same
compaction energy.

In a published article done by Engr. Hene L. Hapinat (FFTC Agricultural Policy

Articles 2017), the demand for agricultural lime is high, considering its various uses from
agricultural production to processing.This study determines the lime potential of
shellfishes as a promising raw material for lime industry in the Philippines and can be
used as alternatives for commercially produced agricultural lime.

In the study on the properties of expansive clayey soil using Coconut Husk Ash
(CHA) as stabilizer done by Arunav Chakraborty and Swapnaneel Roy (Tezpur University,
Department of Civil Engineering) the volume of wastes generated in the world has
increased over the years due to increase in population, socioeconomic activities and
social development hence utilization of these waste materials in the improvement of
soils is a cost efficient and environmental friendly method. Coconut husk ash (CHA) is
used as a stabilizer to improve the properties of expansive clayey soils. Various
engineering tests like Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), California Bearing Ration
(CBR), Proctor Test, Free Swell Index Test (FSI) were performed at varying percentage of
CHA (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and at varying curing periods (2 days, 4 days and 7 days) to find the
optimum range of CHA to use as stabilizer. It is found that with the increase in the
percentage of CHA the UCS and CBR values increases up to 8% at a curing period of 7
days. It is finally concluded that the optimum range for percentage of CHA to be used as
soil stabilizer is found to be 8%.