PCE203: Plates and Shells S.

Beniwal

PCE203: Plates and Shells

February 16, 2018

1 Rectangular Plates
We have already covered in details.

2 Circular plates with axisymmetry

Plates with constant thickness h and radius R subjected to axisymmetric condition are only
analyzed here. Figure 1 shows an element of plate with dimensions and stress distribution
shown on the respective faces.

Figure 1: Circular plate element with stresses on the faces and the face dimensions.

2.1 Equilibrium Equations

Translational Equilibrium (Forces)

1. Along z-direction (∑ Fz = 0):

The forces in z-direction are due to the stresses parallel to z-direction on the four ver-
tical faces, i.e., σrz , σθz and the applied loading stress σzz = q on the top face, therefore
Z Z Z Z
q dA−
z +
+
σrz dAr+ − −
σrz dAr− + +
σθz dA+
θ −
−
σθz dA−
θ =0

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PCE203: Plates and Shells S. Beniwal

Z +h/2 Z +h/2
1 +
q (r dθ + (r + dr ) dθ ) (dr ) + σrz (r + dr ) dθ dz − σrz r dθ dz
2 −h/2 −h/2
Z +h/2 Z +h/2
+
+ σθz dr dz − σθz dr dz = 0
−h/2 −h/2

  Z +h/2   
dr ∂σrz
q r+ dr dθ + dθ σrz + dr (r + dr ) − σrz r dz
2 −h/2 ∂r
Z +h/2
+ −


+ dr σθz − σθz dz = 0
−h/2
+ −


Since there is no variation along θ-direction (axisymmetric distribution), σθz − σθz =
∂σθz
∂θ dθ = 0, and the equation can be simplified and written as
  Z +h/2  
dr ∂σrz
q r+ dr dθ + dr dθ (r + dr ) + σrz dz = 0
2 −h/2 ∂r

By dividing by (dr dθ ) on both sides and taking the limits dr → 0, dθ → 0, one gets
Z +h/2  
∂σrz
qr + r + σrz dz = 0
−h/2 ∂r

∂ +h/2 +h/2
Z Z
qr + r σrz dz + σrz dz = 0
∂r −h/2 −h/2
R +h/2 R +h/2
We observe that the integral −h/2 σrz dz = −h/2 σrz (1 × dz) = Qrz rz;θ represents the
force on r-plane in z-direction (acting on unit length along θ-direction) due to stress
σrz . Therefore,
∂Qrz
rz;θ
r + Qrzrz;θ + qr = 0
∂r
Or, in the simplest notations,
∂Qr
r + Qr + qr = 0
∂r
 
∂ (rQr )
+ qr = 0 (1)
 ∂r
2. Along r-direction (∑ Fr = 0):
The only forces are due to the normal stresses (σrr ) on r-planes and the force compo-
nents due to the normal and shear stress on θ-planes, therefore,
 Z  Z
dθ dθ
Z Z
σrr+ dAr+ − σrr− dAr− + cos +
σθr dA+ −
dA−
− cos
σθr
2 θ θ 2
 Z  Z
dθ dθ −
+ sin +
σθθ dA+
θ + sin σθθ dA−
θ =0
2 2

+h/2
 Z
dθ
Z Z
σrr+ dAr+ σrr− dAr− + −


− + cos σθr − σθr dr dz
2 −h/2
  Z +h/2
dθ
+ 2sin σθθ dr dz = 0
2 −h/2

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PCE203: Plates and Shells S. Beniwal

Z +h/2     Z +h/2
∂σrr dθ + −


dr dθ (r + dr ) + σrr dz + cos σθr − σθr dr dz
−h/2 ∂r 2 −h/2
  Z +h/2
dθ
+ 2 dr sin σθθ dz = 0
2 −h/2

+ −


Due to axisymmetric nature, σθr − σθr = ∂σ∂θθr dθ = 0, following which divide by
(dr dθ) on both sides and take the limits dr → 0, dθ → 0 to obtain
Z +h/2  
∂σrr
r + σrr + σθθ dz = 0
−h/2 ∂r
∂Qrr
rr;θ
r + Qrr θθ
rr;θ + Qθθ;r = 0
∂r
Or, in the simplest notations,
 
∂ (rNr )
+ Nθ = 0 (2)
 ∂r
3. Along θ-direction (∑ Fθ = 0):
The only forces are due to the force components due to normal and shear stresses (σθθ
and σθr ) on θ-planes and the shear stress on r-planes, therefore,
 Z  Z
dθ dθ
Z Z
− − −
+ +
σrθ dAr − σrθ dAr + cos + +
σθθ dAθ − cos σθθ dA−
2 2 θ
 Z  Z
dθ dθ −
+ sin +
σθr dA+θ + sin σθr dA−
θ =0
2 2

Z +h/2      Z +h/2
∂σrθ dθ + −


dθ σrθ + dr (r + dr ) − σrθ r dz + cos σθθ − σθθ dr dz
−h/2 ∂r 2 −h/2
  Z +h/2
dθ
+ 2sin σθr dr dz = 0
2 −h/2

Z +h/2     Z +h/2
∂σ rθ dθ + −


dr dθ (r + dr ) + σrθ dz + cos dr σθθ − σθθ dz
−h/2 ∂r 2 −h/2
  Z +h/2
dθ
+ 2 dr sin σθr dz = 0
2 −h/2

+ − +


Since, due to axisymmetric distribution, σθθ − σθθ = ∂σ∂θθθ dθ = 0 and σθr = σθr +
∂σθr
∂θ dθ = σθr . Subsequently, dividing by (dr dθ) on both sides and taking the limits
dr → 0, dθ → 0, one gets
Z +h/2  
∂σrθ
r + σrθ + σθr dz = 0 (3)
−h/2 ∂r
Z +h/2 Z +h/2
∂
r σrθ dz + 2 σrθ dz = 0
∂r −h/2 −h/2
R +h/2 R +h/2
Note that the integral −h/2 σrθ dz = −h/2 σrθ (1 × dz) = Qrθ rθ;θ represents the force
on r-plane in θ-direction (acting on unit length along θ-direction) due to stress σrθ .
Therefore,
∂Qrθ
rθ;θ
r + 2Qrθ
rθ;θ = 0
∂r

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PCE203: Plates and Shells S. Beniwal

Assuming r 6= 0,
∂Qrθ
rθ;θ
+ 2rQrθ
r 2
rθ;θ = 0
∂r
 
∂ r2 Qrθ rθ;θ
=0
∂r
c
Qrθ
rθ;θ = 2
r
rθ
In order to avoid a singularity of Qrθ;θ at r = 0, c must be zero, therefore,

Qrθ
rθ;θ = 0 (4)

Alternatively, multiplying both sides of Eq. (3) by r (assume r 6= 0) and clubbing the
integrand in one term, "
#
∂ r2 σrθ
Z +h/2
dz = 0
−h/2 ∂r
Z +h/2
∂
r2 σrθ dz = 0


∂r −h/2

This is possible only when r2 σrθ is independent of r, i.e.,

r2 σrθ = c

And finally the singularity is avoided by having c = 0, implying,

 
σrθ = 0 (5)


Rotational Equilibrium (Moments)
1. Along z-direction (∑ Mz = 0):
Since the forces due to the vertical stresses σrz , σrz and q are parallel to the z-direction,
they cause zero moments along z-direction. There are also zero moments due to stress
distribution corresponding to σrr on each of the faces. The stress distribution σθθ al-
though causes a nonzero moment on each face, yet they cancel each other. The only
moment is caused due to σrθ and σθr , such that

Z +h/2    Z +h/2    
dr dθ ∂σrθ dr
−2 (σθr dr dz) r+ + σrθ + dr (r + dr ) dθ dz
−h/2 2 2 −h/2 ∂r 2
Z +h/2  
dr
+ (σrθ rdθ dz) =0
−h/2 2
Solving, we get
Z +h/2   Z +h/2
∂σrθ
2σrθ + dr dz − 2 σθr dz = 0
−h/2 ∂r −h/2

Neglecting the higher order terms

 
Z +h/2 Z +h/2
σrθ dz − σθr dz = 0 ⇒ σrθ = σθr (6)
−h/2 −h/2

Which is a well known relation.

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PCE203: Plates and Shells S. Beniwal

2. Along θ-direction (∑ Mθ = 0):

The forces due to the stress σrθ are parallel to the θ-direction so they do not have a
moment effect. The forces due to stress σθz and q also have zero moments. The mo-
ments caused by stress σθr cancel the effect of each other on opposite faces. However,
the stresses σrr , σrz andσθθ cause non-zero moments, such that
Z +h/2 Z +h/2   
∂σrr
− (σrr rdθ dz) z + σrr + dr (r + dr ) dθ dz z
−h/2 −h/2 ∂r
Z +h/2   Z +h/2    
dr ∂σrz dr
− (σrz rdθ dz) − σrz + dr (r + dr ) dθ dz
−h/2 2 −h/2 ∂r 2
Z +h/2   
dθ
−2 σθθ dr dz sin z=0
−h/2 2

After solving and taking limits dθ → 0 and dr → 0, we get

Z +h/2   Z +h/2 Z +h/2
∂σrr
σrr + r dz z − rσrz dz − σθθ dz z = 0
−h/2 ∂r −h/2 −h/2

rθ
∂Mrr;θ
rθ θ (−r )
Mrr;θ +r − rQrzrz;θr − Mθθ;r = 0
∂r
 
∂ rMrr;θ rθ
θ (−r )
− rQrz
rz;θr − Mθθ;r = 0
∂r
Or, in simplest notations,
 
∂Mr Mr M
+ − θ − Qr = 0 (7)
 ∂r r r

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