Concept of Mathematical

Modeling of Physical Systems

Dr V S Krushnasamy
Associate Professor
Department of IT
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Mathematical Modeling

• The mathematical description of the dynamic

characteristics of a physical system is called
Mathematical Modeling.
Mathematical Modeling based on
• Physics Based
• Empirical Based
• Mixed Approach

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Transfer Function is the ratio of output to input in
frequency domain
T(s) = C(s)/R(s)

Figure :Block diagram of a transfer function

Properties of Transfer Function

1.The transfer function defined only for a linear

time –invariant system.
2.The transfer function between an input variable
and output variable of a system is defined as the
Laplace transform of the impulse response.
3.All initial conditions of the system set to zero.
4.Transfer function is independent of the input of
the system.
5.The transfer function of a continuous data system
is expressed only as a function of the complex
variable s.It is not a function of real variable.
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Advantages of Transfer Function

• It is the mathematical model and gives the gain of

the system.
• As it uses a LT approach ,it converts integro-
differential time domain equation to simple
algebraic equation.
• Once transfer function is known, any output for
any input can be calculated.
• It helps in determining the important information
about the system(poles ,zeros , CE).
• It helps in the stability analysis of the system.

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Disadvantages of Transfer Function

• It is only valid for TIV system.

• Effect arising due to initial conditions are
totally neglected. Hence initial conditions
loose their importance.
• We cannot predict the internal behavior of the
system using transfer function.

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 Transfer Function Electrical
Network

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