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MIDTERMS REVIEWER
CHAPTER 9
RIZAL’S FIRST SOJOURN IN EUROPE
o The title of DOCTOR OF MEDICINE was not awarded for the official reason that
Rizal failed to settle the needed money for the University fee to present his theses for
graduation.
o Rizal was still a Doctor after graduation, except that the law at that time, state that he
was not allowed to practice his medical profession in the CITY, but only in
the PROVINCE.
o JUNE 19,1885 – On Rizal’s 25th birthday, the UNIVERSIDAD DE MADRID
award him the degree of LICENSIATE IN PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS with a
rating of EXCELLENT.
(1882-1883) Philosophy and Letters
Universal History – Very Good
General Literature – Excellent
CHAPTER 9
RIZAL IN FRANCE & GERMANY
November 26,1884 – Rizal wrote a letter to his family expressing his desire to return to the
Philippines
January 1,1885 – Paciano wrote back to Rizal expressing his disagreement to his desire to
return to the country
1st Week of October,1885 – Rizal proceeded to Paris, France where he learned more about
Ophthalmology.
o Rizal worked as an assistant and apprentice at the Eye Clinic of DR. LOUIS
WECKER, the leading Ophthalmologist of that time in Paris, for 4 months
o After Clinic hours, he devoted his time to learn and master FRENCH,
GERMAN, ITALIAN, ENGLISH, POLISH and GREEK languages
o JUAN LUNA, FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO and the TAVERA
BROTHERS (Both Physicians) – his compatriots in Paris
o JUAN LUNA wholeheartedly lent or gave him money for his daily needs
o Due to financial difficulties, Rizal decided to move in GERMANY
RIZAL’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PAINTINGS OF JUAN LUNA
o THE MONKEY & THE TURTLE – Sketched by Rizal for PAZ PARDO DE
TAVERA, the love then of JUAN LUNA
o THE DEATH OF CLEOPATRA – Rizal posed and portrayed as an EGYPTIAN
PRIEST
o BLOOD COMPACT – Rizal posed and portrayed as CHIEF SIKATUNA of BOHOL
RIZAL’s FRENCH LITERARY WORKS (1885)
o MARIE COLOMBIER; THE PISTOL OF THE LITTLE BAROMESS – A book
review done by Rizal where he was amazed of the author who was a woman writing in a
manly way.
o THE FISHERWOMAN AND THE FISH – Patterned from his readings in French
and German; A conversation between a fisherwoman and a very small fish.
o ALPHOSE DAUDET: TARTARIN SUR LES ALPES – Another book review by Rizal
where he expressed his comments on the characters of the play such as Tartarin and
Bompard.
RIZAL IN GERMANY
o FEBRUARY 1,1886 – The day Rizal left Paris
o FEBRUARY 3,1886 – Arrived in HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, where he entered a
strongly Protestant dominant area and stayed in a BOARDING HOUSE at NO.16
KARLSTRASSE which was managed by a GERMAN LADY NEBEL.
o In Heidelberg, Rizal stated his observations of the manners of Germans, through a letter
to his family, “To the Germans it is a bad taste if one remains aloof and indifferent
especially at social function.”
o Assisted in the Eye Clinic (AUGEN KLINIK) under the direction of OCULIST named
OTTO BECKER
o Rizal later moved to a new boarding house located near the HEIDELBERG
UNIVERSITY
o Due to his appreciation of HEIDELBERG’s beauty, he wrote a poem dated APRIL
22,1886, entitled FLORES DE HEIDELBERG (To the Flowers of Heidelberg)
o APRIL to JUNE 1886 – To relieve him of his sadness and homesickness, Rizal spent
the summer at ODENWALD and WILHEMSFELD, a mountain resort 30 Kilometers
northeast of Heidelberg, Germany.
o Rizal lived in the house of a new friend named PASTOR KARL ULLMER. They
concluded in their discussion that “One should not make enemies of men but instead
should be a means of bringing men closer together in the true spirit of brotherhood.”
o During this time, Rizal already finished his 1st Masterpiece, NOLI ME TANGERE.
o AUGUST 9,1886 – Rizal left Heidelberg and boarded the boat REINSTALL and
travelled to LEIPZIG, GERMANY. After passing in MAINZ, he transferred to a
steamer NIEDEWALD, passing RHINE RIVER, KASTER, FRANKFURT and
finally in LEIPZIG, where he stayed for 2 MONTHS.
o Rizal had frequent correspondence with his bosom friend, PROFESSOR
FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT, who he described as “A historian of the Philippine
Islands, is one of the rare souls”
o Before LEAVING Leipzig in LATE OCTOBER, he translated TWO GERMAN
WORKS to the TAGALOG Language, which he sent to Calamba, namely
“SCHILLER’S WILLIAM TELL” (Swiss Independence) and “HANS
CHRISTIAN ANDERSON’S FAIRY TALES” (for his young nephews and
nieces)
o OCTOBER 29,1886 – Rizal left Leipzig and travelled to DRESDEN where he met
DR. HANS MEYER, Director of the Ethnographic Museum of Dresden, who:
Written the largest encyclopedic dictionaries of Germany
Toured and visited the Philippines
Authored a book on his account of the IGOROTS
o In an informal meeting, Dr.Meyer gave Rizal a copy of the said book
o Rizal also visited the GRAND ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK, ordered built by Elector
FREDRIC THE WISE, to which he said “Truly the crown of Saxony has many jewels
and precious things”
o Rizal decided to move to BERLIN and publish there his novel, NOLI ME TANGERE.
o NOVEMBER 1,1886 – Rizal boarded a train for BERLIN
Rizal mastered the GERMAN LANGUAGE and improved his ENGLISH
Grammar. He also mastered other major languages in Europe
Had access to different libraries such as IMPERIAL LIBRARY in GERMANY
and later, the BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY in ENGLAND.
According to the memoir of MAXIMO VIOLA, while Rizal was in Berlin, he had
acquaintances with well-respected German doctors and scientists such as:
DR. FEODOR JAGOR – A German scientist who visited the Philippines
and authored “TRAVELS IN THE PHILIPPINES” which Rizal read in
Ateneo Municipal when he was still a student
DR. RUDOLF VIRCHOW – one of the famous anthropologists,
President of the ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BERLIN
DR. HANS VIRCHOW – son of Dr. Rudolf, a professor of Descriptive
Anatomy
DR. KARL ERNEST SCHWEIGGER – one of the famous German
Ophthalmologists, Rizal assisted in his clinic
Rizal mastered and learned the German Medical Technique in the field of
Ophthalmology
RIZAL’s WRITINGS IN BERLIN
o JANUARY 26,1887 – Rizal became an official member of the ETHNOGRAPHIC
SOCIETY
o FEBRUARY 7,1887- he joined the ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BERLIN
o Later he was qualified as a member of the GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF BERLIN
after submitting a study entitled TAGALISCHE VERSKUNST
TAGALISCHE VERSKUNST (Tagalog Metrical Art) – published in April
1887 and written in German Language, this was the project Rizal submitted to
the Geographic Society of Berlin. He delivered this through a lecture before the
members and officers of the German Association.
ETNOGRAFIA y ANTROPOLOGIA DE LOS PUEBLOS PRIMITIVOS
(Ethnography and Anthropology of Primitive Towns) – a rare book on
Ethnography and Anthropology translated by Rizal and was sent to Calamba
ETHNOGRAPHE DER INSEL MINDANAO (Ethnography of the
Islands of Mindanao) -a work by BLUMENTRITT about Mindanao which
Rizal translated to the Tagalog Language from German
SIGNIFICANCE OF PALM SUNDAY - written in French in Berlin, Germany
in 1887. Rizal gave importance to the commemoration of Palm Sunday and the
existence of Catholic faith.