Abstract:

Introduction:
History of P&G:

William Procter and James Gamble formed a humble but bold new enterprise. What began as a
small, family-operated soap and candle company grew and thrived, inspired by P&G's purpose of
providing products and services of superior quality and value.

Procter & Gamble Pakistan, headquartered in Karachi, commenced operations in Pakistan in

1991. Our goal was to become the finest global consumer goods company operating locally in
Pakistan. To fulfill this goal, we are serving Pakistani consumers with premium quality brands
including Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Ariel, Safeguard, Pampers and Always that strive to make
everyday lives better.

With commitment came growth, and in 1994 P&D acquired a soap-manufacturing facility
sprawling seven acres of land at Hub, Balochistan. In 2002, the plant tripled its soap-
manufacturing capacity with an investment of $3 million. In 2004, with an initial investment of
about half a million U.S. dollars, a PUR facility was set up with a production capacity of 50
million sachets of the water purifier annually. Today, the Hub plant is equipped with state-of-the-
art manufacturing technologies and quality assurance processes and systems, reflecting the
company's values of safe, hygienic and ethical manufacturing practices.

P&G Pakistan headquarters are consistently upgraded to the company's progressive values.
Investments of $ 1.6 million have taken place in the work-space environment to date. The P&G
Pakistan head office today hosts high-speed digital networks and advanced systems and
facilities.

Products:

We are committed to providing products of consistently excellent quality and standards —

products that have a positive effect on the lives of the world's consumers. As we continue to
succeed in this aim, we can keep growing as a marketing community.

Pentene, Head & Shoulders

Wella

Safegaurd

Ariel

Pampers, Always

And hundreds of products of P&G all over the world

Unilever:

Our brands are trusted everywhere and, by listening to the people who buy them, we've grown
into one of the world's most successful consumer goods companies. In fact, 150 million times a
day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product.

Look in your fridge, or on the bathroom shelf, and you're bound to see one of our well-known
brands. We create market and distribute the products that people choose to feed their families
and keep themselves and their homes clean and fresh.

People's lives are changing fast. As the way we all live and work evolves, our needs and tastes
change too. At Unilever we aim to help people in their daily lives. So we keep developing new
products, improving tried and tested brands and promoting better, more efficient ways of
working.

We have a portfolio of brands that are popular across the globe - as well as regional products and
local varieties of famous-name goods. This diversity comes from two of our key strengths:

• Strong roots in local markets and first-hand knowledge of the local culture.
• World-class business expertise applied internationally to serve consumers
everywhere.

Focusing on performance and productivity, we encourage our people to develop new ideas and
put fresh approaches into practice. Hand in hand with this is a strong sense of responsibility to
the communities we serve. We don't only measure success in financial terms; how we achieve
results is important too. We work hard to conduct our business with integrity - respecting our
employees, our consumers and the environment around us.

Unilever is one of the world's leading suppliers of fast-moving consumer goods. Here are some
recent highlights from our three global divisions - Foods, home care and personal care.

Foods

• The acquisition of Bestfoods in 2000 brought us leadership in the culinary category.

Knorr is now our biggest brand, with €2.3 billion sales in over 100 countries and a
product range covering soups, bouillons, sauces, noodles and complete meals.
• We are the number one producer of frozen foods in Europe, under the Findus brand in
Italy, Birds Eye in the UK and Iglo in other European countries.
• We are the category leader in margarine and spreads in most European countries and
North America, with brands such as Becel (the Netherlands), Flora (UK) and Take
Control (US). We have met consumer demand for healthy foods by launching pro.active,
a spread which contains ingredients that can help reduce cholesterol levels.
• In the branded olive oil category we are a leader, the most important brand being Bertolli.
Appealing to consumers' taste for Mediterranean food, we have launched Bertolli pasta
sauces and dressings.
 • We are the world's leading ice cream producer, with brands such as Algida and Wall's in
Europe, and Ben & Jerry's in the United States. Innovations such as Magnum snack-sizes
and Cornetto miniature and multi-packs have sparked progress.
• We are the largest seller of packet tea in the world through our Lipton and Brooke Bond
brands.

Home & personal care

• We lead the home care market in much of the world, which includes cleansing and
hygiene products.
• Many of our home care products are market leaders including Brilhante, Cif, Comfort,
Domestos, Omo, Skip and Snuggle.
• Within the personal care market, we are global leaders in products for skin cleansing,
deodorants and antiperspirants.
• Our global core brands in the personal care market are Axe, Dove, Lux, Pond's, Rexona
and Sunsilk.
Review:
(Background knowledge of Websites)

Website:

A website (or web site) is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital
assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address in an Internet Protocol-
based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via the Internet or a
private local area network.

A web page is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting
instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A web page may incorporate
elements from other web sites with suitable markup anchors.

Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which
may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for
the user of the web page content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page
content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.

All publicly accessible web sites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.

History

The World Wide Web was created in 1990 by CERN engineer Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April
1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone.

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP other protocols such as file transfer protocol and
the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a
simple directory structure which the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents
were most often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in word
processor formats.

Overview

Organized by function, a website may be

• a personal website
• a commercial website
• a government website
• a non-profit organization website
It could be the work of an individual, a business or other organization, and is typically dedicated
to some particular topic or purpose. Any website can contain a hyperlink to any other website, so
the distinction between individual sites, as perceived by the user, may sometimes be blurred.

Websites are written in, or dynamically converted to, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
and are accessed using a software interface classified as a user agent. Web pages can be viewed
or otherwise accessed from a range of computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various
sizes, including desktop computers, laptops, PDAs and cell phones.

A website is hosted on a computer system known as a web server, also called an HTTP server,
and these terms can also refer to the software that runs on these systems and that retrieves and
delivers the web pages in response to requests from the website users. Apache is the most
commonly used web server software (according to Netcraft statistics) and Microsoft's Internet
Information Server (IIS) is also commonly used.

Website styles
Static website:

A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the format that is sent to a
client web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

Dynamic website:

A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes content automatically and/or frequently
based on certain criteria. The page composition is usually data-driven and collates information ad
hoc each time a page is requested.

Content-based sites:

Some websites derive revenue by selling advertising space on the site (see contextual ads).

Product- or service-based sites:

Some websites derive revenue by offering products or services for sale. In the case of e-
commerce websites, the products or services may be purchased at the website itself, by entering
credit card or other payment information into a payment form on the site. While most business
websites serve as a shop window for existing brick and mortar businesses, it is increasingly the
case that some websites are businesses in their own right; that is, the products they offer are only
available for purchase on the web.
Types of websites

• Affiliate: enabled portal that renders not only its custom CMS but also syndicated
content from other content providers for an agreed fee. There are usually three
relationship tiers. Affiliate Agencies (e.g., Commission Junction), Advertisers (e.g.,
eBay) and consumer (e.g., Yahoo!).
• Archive site: used to preserve valuable electronic content threatened with extinction.
Two examples are: Internet Archive, which since 1996 has preserved billions of old (and
new) web pages; and Google Groups, which in early 2005 was archiving over
845,000,000 messages posted to Usenet news/discussion groups.
• Blog (or web log) site: sites generally used to post online diaries which may include
discussion forums (e.g., blogger, Xanga).
• Content site: sites whose business is the creation and distribution of original content (e.g.,
Slate, About.com).
• Corporate website: used to provide background information about a business,
organization, or service.
• Electronic commerce (eCommerce) site: a site offering goods and services for online
sale and enabling online transactions for such sales.
• Community site: a site where persons with similar interests communicate with each
other, usually by chat or message boards, such as MySpace or Facebook.
• City Site: A site that shows information about a certain city or town and events that takes
place in that town. Usually created by the city council or other "movers and shakers".

• Gripe site: a site devoted to the critique of a person, place, corporation, government, or
institution.
• Humor site: satirizes, parodies or otherwise exists solely to amuse.
• Information site: contains content that is intended to inform visitors, but not necessarily
for commercial purposes, such as: RateMyProfessors.com, Free Internet Lexicon and
Encyclopedia. Most government, educational and non-profit institutions have an
informational site.
• Java applet site: contains software to run over the Web as a Web application.
• Mirror site: A complete reproduction of a website.
• News site: similar to an information site, but dedicated to dispensing news and
commentary.
• Personal homepage: run by an individual or a small group (such as a family) that
contains information or any content that the individual wishes to include. These are
usually uploaded using a web hosting service such as Geocities.
• Phish site: a website created to fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as
passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business
(such as Social Security Administration, PayPal) in an electronic communication (see
Phishing).
• Political site: A site on which people may voice political views.
• Porn site: A site that shows sexually explicit content for enjoyment and relaxation, most
likely in the form of an internet gallery, dating site, blog, or video sharing.
• Rating site: A site on which people can praise or disparage what is featured.
• Review site: A site on which people can post reviews for products or services.
 • School site: a site on which teachers, students, or administrators can post information
about current events at or involving their school. U.S. elementary-high school websites
generally use k12 in the URL, such as kearney.k12.mo.us.
• Video sharing: A site that enables user to upload videos, such as YouTube and Google
Video.
• Search engine site: a site that provides general information and is intended as a gateway
or lookup for other sites. A pure example is Google, and the most widely known
extended type is Yahoo!.
• Shock site: includes images or other material that is intended to be offensive to most
viewers (e.g. rotten.com).
• Warez: a site designed to host and let users download copyrighted materials illegally.
• Web portal: a site that provides a starting point or a gateway to other resources on the
Internet or an intranet.
• Wiki site: a site which users collaboratively edit (such as Wikipedia).

Importance of Website for a business:

There are approximately 970 million Internet users, 15% of the world's population. Thus it is a
most efficient way to get potential customers from all over the world through internet marketing
A user friendly, well designed website is one of the greatest assets imaginable today for any
business, organization or community group. You can definitely generate more business with a
quality website. This may be the first line of communication between you and potential guests.

Nowadays website becomes an essential part of every profession. Website makes strong impact
on the image of your company. It is very important when you are more concern about exploring
your business worldwide.

If you are into the business, an owner of small or medium or big company, or a professional or
free lancer you need to have your own website for many reasons.
The great advantage of website development for a company is that the website will be available
24 hours a day, 7 days a week and can be viewed from anywhere in the world. So anyone can
collect suitable information from the website at any time.

In today's business environment and to beat the competition large companies definitely need to
develop a website. Many business owners use the excuse that their business is "word-of-mouth"
and they do not need a website. But a great way to reinforce the personal recommendations of
other clients is through professional website development.

Website development helps the company to increase product knowledge, maintain

communication between you and potential clients, sell your products or services, generate leads
for the business, and increase the popularity of your company and much more.

Website development could provide all the information about their business, their products and
also have provisions to sell their products online. Customers could be kept informed of up and
coming promotions and product developments.

A website provides added visibility and credibility among consumers. Building and marketing a
website can be done at a very affordable rate. Invest in your business today.
Simple tips for business websites:

A Powerful Communication Tool

Company website is a powerful tool to communicate with your potential customer.

Firstly, focus on who are going to browse your website, your clients and/or business
dealers. Decide on what content to be put on the site. You must have clear idea what
information your website must have. When your clients browse your site, they must feel
they are doing business with the right company.

Know web technology

Web technology is different from print media. Avoid traditional brochure-type approach
to your website. The information in the website must be placed in different manner.
Websites must have right information and must be visible to the browser.

Content v/s Images

“A picture is worth a thousand words” but too many images will only make your website
slower to upload. Avoid using too many big images which may look visually appealing,
but will distract your clients on what to read. You can use clean professional looking
images. Most of the websites that rank on the top of search engine are content based. You
must hire a good content writer having a good experience in search engine friendly
website content writing.

Go global

Identify the objective of your website, know your target clients. Millions of people from
all over the world will browse your website. The information they are looking for may
differ according to the place they live in. It is good to be aware of global market and
implement it to your website. It is very essential to know what people want to know
about your products and services.

Highlight Texts

Highlight free offers, guarantee, etc. This will attract your clients’ attention. Right
information at the right place in your website will grab the attention of the browser.
Think from the point of view of your customer. Use simple language instead of business
jargons which may not be understood by the browsers. They are not interested on how
well the design is made of your website. They must get complete information of your
business.
Don’t confuse the browser

Imagine you are standing on a broad street with hundreds of hoarding flashing
advertisement. The lights of the hoarding looks attractive, but you would hardly
remember any name on the hoarding as you pass by. Remember, your website is not a
hoarding. It is useful to use the tips before flash web site designing. Too much of flashy
images will only confuse the browser.

Avoid choosing jazzy colors

Make right choice of colors for your website. By adding too many colors on your
website, your site would look attractive but less professional and confusing. Let the
designer design a simple pleasing website, which will be more visually appealing to the
browser than a website with splashes of jazzy colors.

Contact Information

Do your clients know whom to contact in your company while checking the contact
address of your website? If you are running a huge business and having different
departments, give the names of the people, their designation and department to which
they belong. This will make your clients easy to contact the right person.

The following factors are important in Home Page design

i. Color scheme

ii. Links

iii. Attractive graphics

iv. Easy navigation

v. Short Description related to subject of your website [important and informative]

vi. Minimum download time

vii. Logo placement

viii. Effective captions

Analysis:

By visiting the websites of two international companies we have identified that both have well
constructed, updated and attractive website with all required information. When a customer,
client or any visitors visit the website they want easy ways to use it. After making comparison of
both websites we identify few points as follows:

Unilever websites have following characteristics in it:

• Full of information

All relevant data has been provided on the website which is required to know about the
company, its products, history and management as well.

• Attractive with colors

Website is full of colors which attract customers. It also impact on the client, customer
about the environment and culture of the organization.

• Pictorial presentation

Website is full of pictures which showing, not only showing, but pictures are telling the
information.

• Facts & Figures

The main and strong point of website is that they mentioned each every figures regarding
their employees, projects, investments, charity anything on the website.

• Products

Information about products shown under three main categories which are

Foods

Personal

Home

This way customer doesn’t need to wander through the website. All information is
presented in a very attractive way.

• Self explanatory
Proctor and Gamble
References:

1. Wikipedia.com

2. Internetworldstats.com

3. http://www.web-designing-india.com/importance_of_having_website.html

4. http://www.pg.com/en_PK

5. http://www.unilever.pk