2020-07-02 TÜV Rheinland Webinar Requirements For PGU and ESS PDF

Webinar: Requirements for
Power Generating Units and

Energy Storage Systems
Grid Code, Safety and Performance
Requirements
Agenda
Chapter Subject Duration Referent Page
1 Low Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Jurij Gerdes 2

1.1 Scope of application
1.2 Worldwide grid codes and TÜV Rheinland locations
1.3 Network Code Requirements for Generators (NC RfG) in the Schengen Area
1.4 German Standards VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 and DIN V VDE 0124-100:2020
1.5 Benefits of our Grid Code Matrix
1.6 Extract of measurements results
1.7 Overview of our services within our laboratory in Cologne, Germany
2 Medium Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Alf Assenkamp 13
3 Efficiency Requirements for PV Storage Systems 15 min Minias Höfinghoff 21
4 Design Requirements for Energy Storage Systems 15 min Martin Hessenmüller 32
2 7/2/2020 Webinar: Requirements for Power Generating Units and Energy Storage Systems - Grid Code, Safety and Performance Requirements
Grid connection of serval products
synchronous or
asynchronous generators
Combined heat and power (CHP)

Low voltage grid (LV)
Household
Medium voltage grid (MV)
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
Photovoltaic system with inverter (PV)
Energy Storage System (ESS)

Low Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe
1.2 Worldwide grid codes and TÜV Rheinland locations
CSA C22.2 No. 107.1-16
Main focus: EU
UL 1741 incl. SA
IEEE 1547 GB/T 37408
JEAC 9701
DEWA IEGC
MEA
PEA
ABNT NBR 16150
AS/NZS 4777.2
NRS 097-2-1
1.3 Network Code Requirements for Generators (NC RfG) in the Schengen Area
 Overview of European LV Grid Codes

 https://www.entsoe.eu/active-library/codes/cnc/
 DE: VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 and DIN VDE V 0124-100:2020

 UK without NI: G98-1:2019 and G99-1:2019
 Northern Ireland (NI): G98-1/NI:2019 and G99-1/NI:2019
 CH, IRL, N, NL, PT, PL, S: EN 50549-1:2019
 DK: TR 3.2.1:2017 and TR 3.3.1:2019
 IT: CEI 0-21:2019
 AT: TOR Erzeuger Typ A:2019 and ÖVE R25:2020
 BE: C10/11:2019
 SP: NTS:2020
 FR: VFR2019 (not RfG compliant, new standard submitted for
approval)
1.4 German Standards VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 and DIN V VDE 0124-100:2020
 “The following changes have been made compared to DIN VDE

V 0124-100 (VDE V 0124-100):2012-07 (p. 5):
 a) Proof of symmetrical operation with a symmetry device;

 b) Verification of a maximum permissible power gradient;
 c) Verification of the active power adjustment at over-
/under-frequency;
 d) Verification of the Q(U) characteristic curve control;
 e) Verification of the NS protection and the coupling switch;
 f) Verification of PAV,E monitoring;
 g) Verification of the dynamic network support (FRT);
 h) Notes on the certification procedure.”
 VDE 4105:2018 in combination with VDE 0124-100:2020 as

basis for Grid Code Matrix
Creation of Worst – Case – Scenario in order to provide a fast and cost-saving testing
Austrian LVRT for non-synchronous generators Italian LVRT for non-synchronous generators
TOR Erzeuger Typ A:2019, p. 22 CEI 0-21:2019, p. 183
 Worst – Case – Scenario: One

testing for two test reports and
two certificates
1.6 Extract of measurement results
Active power regulation at overfrequency (LFSM(O)) in VDE-AR-N 4105:2018
 Frequency step curve implemented in our grid simulator (red
curve)
 Every step from 50.0 Hz to 51.4 Hz and back for 1 min
 AC Power output decrease with droop of 5 % after corner
frequency of 50.2 Hz (grey curve)
 After switch-off at 51.6 Hz, 10 min recovery time with constant
linear gradient of 1 kW / min
 Pre fault value shall be reached in the end (± 10 % tolerance)
 Cumulated DC power input (orange curve) consisting of

 Our PV simulator (blue curve)
 Customer’s DC coupled energy storage system (green curve)
 Both connected to 3rd party inverter, which provides AC power
output (see above)
 Test passed, all requirements fulfilled
1.6 Extract of measurement results
Low voltage ride through (LVRT) in VDE-AR-N 4105:2018
 Testing of dynamic network support for type 2 power generation

units and energy storage systems
 3 – phase grid fault implemented in our grid simulator

 15 % Un for 150 ms at full load and cos φ ≥ 0.90
 AC power output stopped during grid fault
 Circuit breaker remains closed
 After voltage dip, AC power output starts again

 After max. 60 s, the pre fault value shall be reached
 Test passed, all requirements fulfilled
1.7 Overview of our services within our laboratory in Cologne, Germany
DAkkS DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory and DIN EN ISO/IEC 17065 accredited certification
Our Services for you
 Safety of Battery storage systems

 Closer look by Martin Hessenmüller
 National and international medium
voltage grid codes
 Closer look by Alf Assenkamp
 Efficiency measurement according to
BVES
 Closer look by Minias Höfinghoff
 DC/AC input/output up to 150 kW in near

future
Thank you for your attention!
Feel free to ask any questions!
contact: jurij.gerdes@de.tuv.com
Agenda
2.2 German Standards VDE-AR-N 4110 and FGW TG 3/4/8
2.3 Difference Power Generating Plant (PGP) and Power Generating Unit (PGU)
2.4 Workflow Unit Certification
2.5 Workflow Plant Certification
2.6 Requirements for Power Generation Plants
 Medium-voltage guidelines are also based on the Network Code

Requirements for Generators (NC RfG)
 Some Countries have already implemented the regulations in their
laws
 German VDE-AR-N 4110 Certificate is valid and accepted in:
 Finland
 Slovenia
 TÜV Rheinland is accredited for :
 ENTSO-E (RfG)
 VDE-AR-N 4105/4110/4120, FGW TG 3/4/8
 Spanish Grid Code: Version 10
 CEA – Govt of India
 USA Grid Code: ERCOT
 Grid Code of California
 South African Grid Code
 Turkish NAR
Source: https://www.entsoe.eu/assets/img/RfG-NC-Map.svg
Medium Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe
2.2 German Standards VDE-AR-N 4110 and FGW TG 3/4/8
 Overview:
Voltage level Grid Code Testing and certification standard
Low voltage VDE AR-N 4105, or VDE 0124-100, FGW TG8

(U ≤ 1 kV) VDE AR-N 4110 for Power Generating Plants > 135 kW FGW TG3, TG4, TG8
Medium voltage
VDE AR-N 4110
(1 kV < U < 60 kV)
High voltage
VDE AR-N 4120 FGW TG3, TG4, TG8
(60 kV ≤ U < 150 kV)
Maximum voltage
VDE AR-N 4130
(U ≥ 150 kV)
 With VDE-AR-N 4110 and FGW TG 3/4/8, Germany has one of the most precise guidelines in the EU
 Distinction is made between Power Generating Plant (PGP), Power Generating Unit (PGU) and Components
 Certificates are required for all three types
2.3 Difference Power Generating Plant (PGP) and Power Generating Unit (PGU)
 PGU-Certificate
 PV Inverter, asynchronous generators,…
 Legally required and commissioned by manufacturer
 Proofs conformity of electrical properties of generator
 PGP-Certificate
 Each power generating Plant (PAmax ≥ 135 kW) must
supply a plant certificate
 Is required for grid integration by the plant operator
 Validation of grid conformity of planning
 Component Certificate
 If components have significant influence on the
required electrical properties (e.g. PGP-Controller)
2.4 Workflow Unit Certification Manufacturer
Commission to TÜV Rheinland
 Involved institutions: TG8
 Manufacture Prototype confirmation TG3 Measurment
 Certification body (ISO 17065)

Market access TG4 Modeling
Validity: 2 years
 Measurement laboratory (ISO 17025)
TG4 Model validation
TG4
Plausibility test
TG8
Unit certification
Validity: 5 years VDE AR-N 4110

VDE AR-N 4120
2.5 Workflow Plant Certification VDE AR-N 4110
Medium voltage
(1kV < U < 60kV)
Low voltage
(U ≤ 1kV; P ≥ 135 kW)
Plant operator
Commission to TÜV Rheinland Network operator
 Required documents:
 Planning documents
 Unit and component certificates
 Network operator requirements
Certificates
 Three types
 A: standard plant certificate TG8
Plant Certificate A Plant Certificate B
Validity: Max. 1 year

 B: simplified plant certificate PAmax > 950 kW 135 kW ≤ PAmax ≤ 950 kW
 C: individual verification procedure Commissioning

of the Plant
Conformity declaration Validity: Unlimited
2.6 Requirements for Power Generation Plants
Scope of testing
 Frequency range
 Quasi-steady-state operation
 Reactive power supply
 Dynamic network stability (FRT)
 Control & protection concept
 Grid perturbations
Reactive power supply LVRT Simulation
contact: alf.assenkamp@de.tuv.com
Agenda
Webinar: Part 3 - Efficiency requirements of PV storage systems
Introduction / Speaker: Minias Höfinghoff
 System topologies of PV storage systems
 Energy losses in PV storage systems
 Efficiency Guideline for PV storage systems
 Outlook
 Research Projekt “WIPANO”
 DKE Working Group
Efficiency Requirements for PV Storage Systems
System topologies of PV storage systems
Energy conversion pathways of the individual topologies
Energy losses in PV storage systems
Energy losses
Efficiency Guideline for PV storage systems
Fakts
 The guideline was published by BSW Solar and BVES in 2019 (2nd
Edition)
 Unification of terms
 Defines uniform test methods and test execution
 Considers all 3 different system topologies
 All results summarized in one data sheet
 Simulation models can be parameterized for application-specific

determination of the system efficiency
 The guideline do not replace certifications according to national and

international safety standards
Determination of the system properties
 Performance related efficiencies of the power conversion system
and Assessment of the battery capacity
 Determination of the control speed and control deviations
 Determination of the control speed and control deviations
 Power consumption in idle mode and standby
Outlook
Research Project „WIPANO – TESTBENCH”
Project Partners:
Problem:
 Investigations has shown that measurements with the same test specimens at different measuring institutes sometimes
lead to very different results
Scope:
 Definition of minimum requirements for measurement conditions (e.g. number of repetitions, waiting times, outdoor
temperature, accuracy of the sensors...)
 Improvements in the specifications for testing procedures
 Improvements in the specifications for evaluation procedures
Outlook
Working group DKE/AK 371.0.9
 Creating a new Standard “Characteristics of stationary battery storage systems - determination and documentation”
 The efficiency guideline is used as a basis
 Considers energy storage systems and individual components
 Limited to net-coupled storage systems for households
 Establishes requirements and specifications for data sheet information
contact: minias.hoefinghoff@de.tuv.com
Agenda
Design Requirements for Energy Storage Systems
4.1) Overview of EU directives
 Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU (RED)
 Leading directive if any communication interfaces are used in product RED
 EN 301489-17 V3.1.1 (2017-02) and EN 300328 V2.1.1 (2016-11)
 Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC)

 Immunity and emission standards for residential: IEC 61000-6-2:2015 EMC
 and commercial environments: IEC 61000-6-3:2007
 Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD)

 Safety of converters/inverters (in PV Systems): IEC 62109-1:2010/(-2:2011)
 Or safety of bi-directional converters: IEC 62477-1:2012
LVD
 Communication equipment: IEC 62368-1:2018
 Electrical safety: IEC 61010-1:2017
 Battery Directive 2006/66/EC Battery Directive

 Safety of secondary Li cells: IEC 62619:2017
 Transportation: UN 38.3
4.2) Standardization status for safety requirements of Li-Ion Storage Systems for a safe design
Misapplication of existing safety standards for a system evaluation containing Lithium-Ion battery, e.g.:
Misuse of Clause 14.8 –

Batteries
No differentiation in battery
chemistry.
Only lead-acid is given for
an example!
Misapplication of existing safety standards for a system evaluation containing Lithium-Ion battery, e.g.:
Applicable for part evaluations due to

Annex M (normative) - Equipment containing
batteries and their protection circuits
“Batteries and their cells shall comply with the

relevant IEC standards for batteries as listed
below.
IEC 60086-4, IEC 60086-5, IEC 60896-11, IEC
60896-21, IEC 60896-22, IEC 61056-1 and
IEC 61056-2, IEC 61427 (all parts), IEC TS
61430, IEC 61434, IEC 61959, IEC 62133 (all
parts), IEC 62133-1, IEC 62133-2, IEC 62281,
IEC 62485-2 and IEC 62619.
NOTE Other battery safety standards are under
development, and are intended to be included in
future.”
State of the art for safety requirements

Specials:
 Overall system component evaluation
 Propagation test is mandatory
 Functional safety (state 06/2020):
acceptance of IEC 60730-1 Annex A
evaluation in combination with system
specified requirements, e.g. Detection of
non-disconnectable switching elements
Target:
 Bringing the “VDE application guide” to “DIN
EN” or “IEC” level.
 Reference in product safety law (ProdSG)
4.3) Critical design issues
High Mechanical
External Overcharge Deep Overcurrent And low impact
short circuit Overvoltage discharge temperature from
outside
Mechanical Installation Hazardous

Use error
impact faulty Touch Unclear
tolerant Misuse
from voltages operating
operation
inside condition
Functional Production & Insufficent Vandalism

safety design Mechanical Fire
Harmful
errors design inside &
emissions
outside
Contamination Environmetal
Inherent
Lightning Dust Corrosion
Safe Inherent
Surge Liquids Pressure Gases
Battery Safe
objects Flooding
design Cell
design
(Extract from test lab results from 2014 to 2019, Red -> Frequent (Worst case) occurred )
4.3.1) Propagation
Approximately 5 kWh residential ESS in abuse test condition / Propagation (for public Research Project “SPEISI”)
4.3.2) BMS (Battery Management System)
 a) Risk analysis
 Detection and identification for all life cycle and systems levels
 b) Risk evaluation
 Determination of severity, probability of risk and assessment of acceptability
 c) Risk reduction
 Measures to reduce unacceptable risks and evidence of the effectiveness of the measure
 Assessment according to one of the following standards
 1) IEC 61508 “Functional safety of electronic safety-related systems”
 2) ISO 26262-2 “Road vehicles – Functional safety – Part 2: Management of functional safety”
 3) ISO 13849-1:2016-06 “Safety of machines – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General principles
for the design”
 4) IEC 62061:2005 + A1:2012 + A2:2015 “Safety of machinery – Functional safety of […] control systems”
 5) IEC 60730-1 Annex H
4.3.3) National / International deviations / requirements
 a) UL 9540
 UL 9540A – Test report for Propagation test
 UL 1973 - Standard for Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications
 UL 1642 - Standard for Lithium Batteries
 b) Transport regulations
 UN 38.3
 ILNAS-EN IEC 62281:2019
 c) others
contact: martin.hessenmueller@de.tuv.com

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Webinar: Requirements for

Power Generating Units and

Chapter Subject Duration Referent Page

1 Low Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Jurij Gerdes 2

Combined heat and power (CHP)

Photovoltaic system with inverter (PV)

Energy Storage System (ESS)

CSA C22.2 No. 107.1-16

ABNT NBR 16150

 Overview of European LV Grid Codes

 DE: VDE-AR-N 4105:2018 and DIN VDE V 0124-100:2020

 “The following changes have been made compared to DIN VDE

 a) Proof of symmetrical operation with a symmetry device;

 VDE 4105:2018 in combination with VDE 0124-100:2020 as

 Worst – Case – Scenario: One

 Cumulated DC power input (orange curve) consisting of

 Test passed, all requirements fulfilled

 Testing of dynamic network support for type 2 power generation

 3 – phase grid fault implemented in our grid simulator

 After voltage dip, AC power output starts again

 Test passed, all requirements fulfilled

Our Services for you

 Safety of Battery storage systems

 DC/AC input/output up to 150 kW in near

Chapter Subject Duration Referent Page

1 Low Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Jurij Gerdes 2

2 Medium Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Alf Assenkamp 13

2.1 Scope of application

2.2 German Standards VDE-AR-N 4110 and FGW TG 3/4/8

2.4 Workflow Unit Certification

2.5 Workflow Plant Certification

2.6 Requirements for Power Generation Plants

3 Efficiency Requirements for PV Storage Systems 15 min Minias Höfinghoff 21

4 Design Requirements for Energy Storage Systems 15 min Martin Hessenmüller 32

 Medium-voltage guidelines are also based on the Network Code

Voltage level Grid Code Testing and certification standard

Low voltage VDE AR-N 4105, or VDE 0124-100, FGW TG8

Commission to TÜV Rheinland

 Involved institutions: TG8

 Manufacture Prototype confirmation TG3 Measurment

 Certification body (ISO 17065)

Validity: 5 years VDE AR-N 4110

Plant Certificate A Plant Certificate B

Validity: Max. 1 year

 C: individual verification procedure Commissioning

Conformity declaration Validity: Unlimited

Reactive power supply LVRT Simulation

Chapter Subject Duration Referent Page

1 Low Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Jurij Gerdes 2

2 Medium Voltage Grid Code Requirements in Europe 15 min Alf Assenkamp 13

3 Efficiency Requirements for PV Storage Systems 15 min Minias Höfinghoff 21

4 Design Requirements for Energy Storage Systems 15 min Martin Hessenmüller 32

 System topologies of PV storage systems

 Energy losses in PV storage systems

 Efficiency Guideline for PV storage systems

 Research Projekt “WIPANO”

 DKE Working Group

 Defines uniform test methods and test execution

 Considers all 3 different system topologies

 All results summarized in one data sheet

 Simulation models can be parameterized for application-specific

 The guideline do not replace certifications according to national and

 Performance related efficiencies of the power conversion system