Course Outline in Consti 1

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION (USPF)
College of Law
Lahug, Cebu City
COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 (LS 112)

(Structure and Powers of Government)
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Atty. Russel S. Pernites
Credit 3 units
Pre-requisite None
Schedule Section A,
Wednesday, 5:30 PM to 8:30 PM
1. To learn about the Philippines as a

State and understand how the
structure, organization and operation
of the government of the Republic of
the Philippines, as well as the
different organs of the State, is both
laid out and limited under the 1987
Constitution.
Course Objectives
2. To know some concepts in
Constitutional law and their
application in the jurisprudence
decided by the Supreme Court.
3. To be able to read cases assigned,

examine the relevant facts, identify
the issues and to apply the legal rules
and principles involved.
4. To develop research skills and find

relevant reference materials pertinent
to the assigned topics.
5. To communicate effectively using

persuasive arguments for or against
an issue raised while applying the
principles and concepts of the topics
under discussion.
Course Requirements and grading 1. Written examinations – 50%

percentage 2. Oral recitations – 30%
3. Class activity – 20%
COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 1

Reference Materials Codal provisions of the 1987
Constitution, the special laws specified
under the topics, jurisprudence decided
by the Supreme Court, and various
books and commentaries by authors on
the subject.
I. IN GENERAL
A. Political Law Defined
Case(s):
§ Macariola vs. Asuncion, Adm. Case No. 133-J, May 31, 1982
B. Constitutional Law Defined
C. Constitution Defined
1. Types of Constitution
2. Parts of A Constitution
II. BACKGROUND OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
A. History of the Constitutions of the Philippines
1. The Treaty of Paris

2. The Philippine Bill of 1902
3. Jones Law
4. Tydings-McDuffie Law
5. 1935 Constitution
6. 1973 Constitution
B. The 1986 Provisional Constitution

Ø Proclamation No. 1 dated February 25, 1986 (Provisional
Government)
Ø Proclamation No. 3 dated March 25, 1986 (Provisional Constitution)
Case(s):
§ Lawyers League vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 73748, May 22, 1986;
§ In re: Bermudez, G.R. No. 76180 October 24, 1986;
§ Letter of Associate Justice Puno, A.M. No. 90-11-2697-CA, June
29, 1992
C. Adoption and Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution

Ø Article V, Provisional Constitution
Ø Article XVIII, 1987 Constitution (Transitory Provisions)
Ø Proclamation No. 58 dated February 11, 1987
1. Compare with Effectivity of a Statute


Case(s):
§ Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985; see also
Resolution dated December 29, 1986
§ De Leon vs. Esguerra, G.R. No. 78059, August 31, 1987;
III. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION AND THE ROLE OF THE

COURTS
A. Construction
1. Doctrine of Constitutional Supremacy

Case(s):
§ Edencia vs. David, G.R. No. L-6355-56, August 31, 1953;
§ Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 3,
1997;
§ Francisco vs. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 160261,
November 10, 2003;
2. Presumption of Constitutionality
Case(s):
§ Perez vs. People, G.R. No. 164763, February 12, 2008
3. Interpretation of the Provisions of the Constitution
Case(s):
§ Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 83896,
February 22, 1991;
§ Domino vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 134015, July 19, 1999;
§ Francisco vs. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 160261,
November 10, 2003;
§ Pamatong vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161872, April 13, 2004;
§ Datu Michael Abas Kida vs. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October
18, 2011 (see also Resolution dated February 28, 2012);
§ Chavez vs. JBC, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013;
B. Power of Judicial Review

Ø Section 1, Article VIII, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 4(2), Article VIII, 1987 Constitution
1. Judicial Review Characterized
Case(s):
§ Garcia vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 157584, April 2, 2009;
§ Biraogo vs. Philippine Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935,
December 7, 2010
2. Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial Review
i. Locus Standi; Exception
Case(s):
§ Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993;

§ Philippine Constitution Association vs. Enriquez, G.R. No.
113105, August 19, 1994;
§ Integrated Bar of the Philippines vs. Zamora, G.R. No.
141284, August 15, 2000;
§ Funa vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740, February
11, 2010;
§ Chamber of Real Estate and Builder’s Association Inc. vs.
Energy Regulatory Commission, G.R. No. 174697, July 8,
2010;
§ Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network vs. Anti-
Terrorism Council, G.R. No. 178552, October 5, 2010;
§ Advocates for Truth In Lending, Inc. vs. Bangko Sentral
Monetary Board, G.R. No. 192986, January 15, 2013;
§ Akbayan vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008;
§ Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape
Tanon Strait vs. Secretary of DENR, G.R. No. 180771,
April 21, 2015;
§ Paguia vs. Office of the President, G.R. No. 176276, June
25, 2010;
§ Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines vs.
COMELEC, G.R. No. 159139, January 13, 2004
ii. Actual Case or controversy (vs. Moot and Academic; Exception)
Case(s):
§ Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014;
§ Belgica vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 208566,
November 19, 2013;
§ John Hay People’s Alternative Coalition vs. Lim, G.R. No.
119775, October 24, 2003;
§ Pormento vs. Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010;
§ Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities vs.
Secretary of Education, G.R. No. L-5297, October 31,
1955;
§ Lacson vs. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001;
§ David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3,
2006;
§ Province of Batangas vs. Romulo, G.R No. 152774, May
27, 2004;
§ Sanlakas vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 159085, February 3, 2004;
§ Alunan III vs. Mirasol, G.R. No. 108399, July 31, 1997;
§ Araullo vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014;
§ Tanada vs. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, May 2, 1997;
§ Philippine Press Institute Inc. vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
119694, May 22, 1995
iii. Lis Mota
Case(s):
§ Kalipunan ng Damay Ang Mahihirap, Inc. vs. Robredo,
G.R. No. 200903, July 22, 2014;
§ Republic vs. Dela Merced & Sons, Inc., G.R. No. 201501,
January 22, 2018;


§ Laude vs. Ginez-Jabalde, G.R. No. 217456, November 24,
2015;
§ Hacienda Luisita, Inc. vs. PARC, G.R. No. 171101, July 5,
2011
iv. Timeliness
Case(s):
§ Matibag vs. Benepayo, G.R. No. 149036, April 2, 2002
3. Functions of Judicial Review
i. Checking
ii. Legitimizing
iii. Symbolic
Case(s):
§ Javier vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-68379-81, September 22,
1986;
§ Salonga vs. Pano, G.R. No. L-59524, February 18, 1985;
§ David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3,
2006;
§ ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
133486, January 28, 2000;
§ Central Bank Employees Association vs. BSP, G.R. No.
148208, December 15, 2004
4. Who Can Exercise Judicial Review
Case(s):
§ Ynot vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74457, March
20, 1987;
§ Garcia vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, June 25, 2013;
§ Mirasol vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128448, February 1, 2001;
§ Ongsuco vs. Malones, G.R. No. 182065, October 27, 2009
5. Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
i. Orthodox vs. Unorthodox View
Case(s):
§ Republic vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 79732, November
8, 1993;
§ De Agbayani vs. PNB, G.R. No. L-23127, April 29, 1971;
§ Flores vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 104732, June 22, 1993
ii. Doctrine of Operative Fact
Case(s):
§ Belgica vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 208566,
November 19, 2013;
§ Araullo vs. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014;
§ CIR vs. San Roque, G.R. No. 187485, February 12, 2013;


§ Hacienda Luisita, Inc. vs. PARC, G.R. No. 171101, July 5,
2011;
§ League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R.
No. 176951; G.R. No. 178056, August 24, 2010, (see also
Resolution dated April 12, 2011);
§ Cocofed vs. Republic, G.R. No. 177857-58, January 24,
2012
iii. Partial Unconstitutionality
Case(s):
§ Tatad vs. Secretary of the DOE, G.R. No. 124360,
December 3, 1997;
§ Disini vs. Secretary of DOJ, G.R. No. 169823-24,
September 11, 2013
6. Political Question vs. Justiciable Question
Case(s):
§ Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993;
§ Velarde vs. Social Justice Society, G.R. No. 159357, April 28,
2004;
§ COMELEC vs. Cruz, G.R. No. 186616, November 20, 2009;
§ Vinuya vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 162230, August 13, 2014
IV. AMENDMENT AND REVISION

Ø Article XVII, 1987 Constitution
Ø R.A. No. 6735 (The Initiative and Referendum Act)
A. Amendment vs. Revision
B. Proposals for Amendment or Revision
1. By Congress As Constituent Assembly
Case(s):
§ Gonzales vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-28196, November 9, 1967
2. By Constitutional Convention
3. By People’s Initiative
Case(s):
§ Defensor-Santiago vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 127325, March 19,
1997;
§ Lambino vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 174153, October 25, 2006
§ Sanidad vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-44640, October 12, 1976
4. Submission of Proposals
Case(s):
§ Planas vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-35925, January 22, 1973


5. Ratification
Case(s):
§ Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142, March 31,
1973
V. THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATE
A. State Defined
Ø 1933 Montevideo Convention
Ø Treaty of Westphalia
Case(s):
§ Province of North Cotabato vs. Republic of the Philippines
Peace Panel on Ancestral Domain, G. R. No. 183591, October
14, 2008;
§ CIR vs. Rueda, G.R. No. L-13250, October 29, 1971
B. Elements Of A State
1. Territory
2. People
3. Sovereignty
4. Government
C. Territory
1. National Territory of the Philippines

Ø Article 1, 1987 Constitution
i. Archipelagic Doctrine
Ø Article 46, UNCLOS
ii. Baseline Method

Ø P.D. No. 1596
Ø R.A. No. 3046
Ø R.A. No. 9522
iii. Territorial Sea

2. Maritime Zones
Case(s):
§ Magallona vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 187167, August 16, 2011;
§ Nicolas vs. Romulo, 578 SCRA 438 (2009);
§ In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration; Philippines v.
China, July 12, 2016 (may be accessed at: https://pca-
cpa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/175/2016/07/PH-CN-
20160712-Award.pdf)


D. People
1. The Meaning of “People” under the 1987 Constitution
i. Inhabitants
Ø Section 15, Article II, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 2, Article III, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 1, Article XIII, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Qua Chee Gan vs. Deportation Board, 9 SCRA 27
(1963)
ii. Electors
Ø Section 2, Article VI, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 4, Article VII, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 25, Article XVIII, 1987 Constitution
iii. Citizens
2. Citizenship
i. Modes of Acquisition of Philippine Citizenship
a. Who Are Citizens of the Philippines

Ø Section 1, Article IV, 1987 Constitution
Ø Compare with the 1935 and 1972 Constitutions
Case(s):
§ Lee vs. Director of Lands, G.R. No. 128195,
October 3, 2001;
§ Tecson vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161434, March 3,
2004;
§ Go vs. Ramos, 598 SCRA 266 (2009);
§ Gonzales vs. Pennisi, 614 SCRA 292 (2010);
§ Vilando vs. HRET, 656 SCRA 17 (2011);
§ Poe-Llamenzares vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221697;
G.R. No. 221698-700, March 8, 2016;
§ Co vs. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991;
§ Valles vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137000, August 9,
2000;
§ Curco vs. SOJ, G.R. No. L-18069, May 26, 1962;
§ Commission on Immigration and Deportation vs.
dela Rosa, G.R. No. 95122-23, May 31, 1991;
§ In re: Ngo vs. Republic, G.R. No. L-24252, January
30, 1967; June 15, 1973;
§ Chiongbian vs. de Leon, G.R. No. L-2007, January
31, 1949;


b. Election of Philippine Citizenship
Ø 1935 and 1972 Constitution
Ø C.A. No. 625, June 7, 1941
Case(s):
§ In re: Application of Ching, Bar Matter No. 914,
October 1, 1999;
§ Republic vs. Lim, 419 SCRA 123 (2004);
§ Ma vs. Fernandez, 625 SCRA 566 (2010);
§ Vilando vs. HRET 656 SCRA 17 (2011);
§ Republic vs. Sagun, 666 SCRA 321 (2012);
c. Natural-Born Citizens
Ø Section 2, Article IV, 1987 Constitution (Citizenship)
c.1. Who Must Be A Natural Born Citizen
d. Naturalization
d.1. Modes of Naturalization

Ø C.A. No. 473
Ø R.A. No. 530
Ø R.A. No. 9139
Case(s):
§ Calilung vs. SOJ, G.R. No. 179448, November
27, 2008;
§ Moy Ya Lim Yaw vs. Commissioner of
Immigration, G. R. No. L-21289, October 4,
1971;
§ Republic vs. Li Yao, G.R. No. 35947, October
20, 1992;
§ Limkaichong vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
178831-32, April 1, 2009;
§ Republic vs. Huang Te Fu, G.R. No. 200983,
March 18, 2015;
§ Republic vs. Li Ching Chung, 694 SCRA 249
(2013);
§ Co vs. Civil Register, 423 SCRA 420 (2004);
§ Republic vs. Ong, 673 SCRA 485 (2012);
§ Republic vs. Batuigas, 706 SCRA 746 (2013)
ii. Loss and Reacquisition of Citizenship

Ø C.A. No. 63
Ø R.A. No. 8171
Ø R.A. No. 9225
a. Loss of Citizenship by Naturalization in a Foreign Country
Case(s):
§ Republic vs. dela Rosa, 232 SCRA 785 (1994);
§ Guy vs. Ignacio, 622 SCRA 678 (2010);
§ Coquilla vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 151914, July 31,
2002

b. Loss of Citizenship by Express Renunciation
Case(s):
§ Yu vs. Defensor- Santiago, 169 SCRA 364 (1989);
§ Aznar vs. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 703 (1990);
§ Vilando vs. HRET, 656 SCRA 17 (2011);
§ Sobejana-Condon vs. COMELEC, 678 SCRA 267
(2012);
§ Maquiling vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195649, April 16,
2013;
c. Repatriation
Case(s):
§ Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 120295, June 28,
1996;
§ Tabasa vs. CA, G.R. No. 123793, August 29, 2006;
§ Maquiling vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195649, April 16,
2013;
§ Angat vs. Republic, G.R. No. 132244, September 14,
1999;
§ Alterajos vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 163256, November
10, 2004;
§ Asis vs. Datumanong, 523 SCRA 108 (2007);
§ Lopez vs. COMELEC, G559 SCRA 698 (2008);
§ De Guzman vs. COMELEC, 590 SCRA 149 (2009);
§ Sobejana-Condon vs. COMELEC, 678 SCRA 267
(2012);
iii. Dual Citizenship

Ø Section 5, Article IV, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 40(d), R.A. No. 7160 (Local Government Code)
Cases(s):
§ Mercado vs. Manzano, G.R. No. 135083, May 26,
1999;
§ Lopez vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 182701, July 23, 2008;
§ Jacot vs. Dal, G.R. No. 179848, November 27, 2008
3. Suffrage
Ø Article V, 1987 Constitution
Ø Sections 2, 3, and 4, Article XVII, 1987 Constitution
Ø R.A. No. 6735
Ø R.A. No. 9189
Cases(s):
§ Akbayan v. COMELEC, 355 SCRA 318 (2001);
§ Macalintal v. COMELEC, 405 SCRA 614 (2003);
§ Nicolas-Lewis v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 162759, August 4,
2006;
§ Velasco v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180051, December 24, 2008


E. Sovereignty
1. Sovereign Immunity
i. Basis
Ø Section 3, Article XVI, 1987 Constitution
ii. Doctrine of Non-Suability
Case(s):
§ Laurel vs. Misa, G.R. No. L-409, January 30, 1947;
§ Peralta vs. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-49, November
12, 1945;
§ Tiamco vs. Diaz, G.R. No. L-7, January 22, 1946;
§ People vs. Perfecto, G.R. No. 18463, October 4, 1922;
§ Republic vs. Villasor, 54 SCRA 83 (1973);
§ Minucher vs. CA, G.R. No. 142396, February 11, 2003;
§ Arigo vs. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014;
§ Lasco vs. UN Revolving Fund for Natural Resources
Exploration, G.R. No. 109095-107, February 23, 1995;
§ SEAFDEC vs. Acosta, G.R. No. 86773, February 14, 1992;
§ Callado vs. IRRI, G.R. No. 106483, May 22, 1995;
§ Philippine Agila Satellite v. Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887,
July 27, 2006
2. When Is A Suit Against The State
Case(s):
§ Professional Video, Inc. vs. TESDA, G.R. No. 155504, June 26,
2009;
§ Republic vs. Feliciano, G.R. No. 70853, March 12, 1987;
§ Tan vs. Director of Forestry, G.R. No. L-24548, October 27,
1983;
§ Vinzons-Chato vs. Fortune Tobacco, G.R. No. 141309,
December 23, 2008;
§ Heirs of Mateo Pidacan vs. ATO, 629 SCRA 451 (2010);
§ ATO vs. Ramos, 644 SCRA 36 (2011);
§ China National Machinery vs. Santa Maria, G.R.No.185572,
February 7, 2012;
§ Heirs of Gamboa vs. Tevez, 682 SCRA 397 (2012);
§ DOH vs. Philippine Pharmawealth, 691 SCRA 421 (2013);
§ Municipality of San Fernando vs. Judge Firme, G.R. No. L-
52179, April 8, 1991;
§ NEA vs. Morales, G.R. No. 154200, July 24, 2007;
§ Farolan vs. CTA, G.R. No. 42204, January 21, 1993;
§ CAA vs. CA, G.R. No. L-51806, November 8, 1988;
§ Sanders vs. Veridiano, G.R. No. L-46930, June 10, 1988
3. Consent To Be Sued
i. Express Consent
ii. Implied Consent


Case(s):
§ Merrit vs. Government of the PI, G.R. No. L-11154,
March 21, 1916;
§ Republic vs. Purisima, G.R. No. L-36084, August 31, 1977;
§ Amigable vs. Cuenca, G.R. No. L-26400, February 29,
1972;
§ Delos Santos vs. IAC, G. R. No. L-71998, June 2, 1993;
§ PTA vs. PGDEI, 668 SCRA 406;
§ EPG Construction vs. Vigilar, 354 SCRA 566 (2001);
§ Republic vs. Unimex, 518 SCRA 19 (2007);
§ Froilan vs. Pan Oriental, 95 Phil 905 (1950);
§ Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, 484 SCRA 119 (2006)
§ Ministerio v. CFI, 40 SCRA 464 (1971)
4. Scope Of Consent
Case(s):
§ CIR vs. San Diego, 31 SCRA 616 (1970);
§ PNB vs. CIR, 81 SCRA 314 (1987);
§ DFA vs. NLRC, 262 SCRA 39 (1996);
§ Republic vs. Hidalgo, 477 SCRA 21 (2005)
5. Suability vs. Liability
Case(s):
§ Municipality of Hagonoy vs. Dumdum, 616 SCRA 1 (2010);
§ Republic vs. Villasor, G.R. No. L-30671, November 28, 1973;
§ Lockheed Detective and Watchman Agency vs. UP, G.R. No.
185918, April 18, 2012;
§ UP vs. Dizon, G.R. No. 171182, August 23, 2012;
§ Municipality of Makati vs. CA, G.R. No. 89898-99, October 1,
1990;
§ Banahaw Broadcasting vs. Pacana, G.R. No. 171673, May 30,
2011;
§ Landbank vs. Rivera, G.R. No. 182431, November 17, 2001
F. Government
1. Government in General Defined
2. Government of the Philippines Defined
Ø Section 2(1), Administrative Code of 1987
3. Functions: Constituent vs. Minstrant
Cases(s):
§ Bacani vs. NACOCO, 100 Phil 468 (1956);
§ Shipside Incorporated vs. CA, G.R. No. 143377, February 20,
2001;
4. De Facto vs. De Jure
Case(s):

§ Co Kim Cham vs. Valdez Tan Keh, G.R. No. L-5, September 17,
1945
5. Parens Patriae
Case(s):
§ Soriano vs. Laguardia, G.R. No. 164785, April 29, 2009
§ Southern Luzon Drug Corp. vs. DSWD, G.R. No. 199669, April
25, 2017
VI. PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
A. Preamble
B. Principles
Case(s):
§ Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 3, 1997;
1. Democracy and Republicanism

2. Renunciation of War and Adherence to Generally Accepted

Principles of International Law
Case(s):
§ Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association vs. Duque III, G.R.
No. 173034, October 9, 2007
3. Supremacy of Civilian Authority

4. Government as Protector of the People and the People as Defender

of the State
Ø C.A. No. 1 (National Defense Act)
Ø P.D. 1706 (Compulsory National Service for Filipinos)
Ø R.A. NO. 7077 (Citizens Armed Force or Armed Forces of the
Philippines Reservist Act)
Ø R.A. No. 9163 (National Service Training Act of 2001)
5. Essentials in the enjoyment of democracy

6. Separation of the Church and the State

Ø Section 2(5), Article IX(C), 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 28(3), Article VI, 1987 Constitution

Ø Section 3(3), Article XIV, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 4(2), Article XIV, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Estrada vs. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, June 22, 2006
(Resolution)
C. Policies
1. Independent Foreign Policy

Case(s):
§ Bayan vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
2. Freedom from Nuclear Weapons

3. Just and Dynamic Social Order

4. Promotion of Social Justice

Ø Article XIII, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Calalang vs. Williams, 70 Phil 726
5. Respect for Human Dignity and Human Rights

6. Family as the Basic Social Institution and the Protection of the

Mother and the Unborn
Ø Article XV, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014
7. Vital Role of the Youth in Nation Building

8. Role of Women in Nation Building

9. Right to Health
10. Right to a Balanced Ecology

Case(s):

§ Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993
11. Priority to Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture, and

Sports
Ø Article XIV, 1987 Constitution
12. Affirmation of Labor as a Primary Social Economic Force

13. Development of a Self reliant and Independent Economic Order

Ø Article XII, 1987 Constitution
i. National Economy and Patrimony

ii. Natural Resources
iii. Private Lands
iv. Regulation of Economic Activities
a. Organization and Regulation of Private Corporations

b. Operation of Public Utilities
c. Mass Media and Advertising Industry
d. Practice of Profession
e. State Operation of Private Enterprises
f. Monopolies, Combinations, and Unfair Competition
Case(s):
§ Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 3,
1997;
§ La Bugal B’laan Tribal Association vs. Ramos, G.R. No.
127882, December 1, 2004
14. The Indispensable Role of the Private Sector.

15. Promotion of a Comprehensive Rural Development and Agrarian

Reform
16. Recognition of Rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities

17. Role of the Non-government and other organizations in the

Promotion of the welfare of the Nation
18. Role of Communication and Information in Nation Building



19. Autonomy of Local Governments
Ø Article X, 1987 Constitution
20. Equal Access to Opportunities for Public Service and Prohibition of

Political Dynasties
Case(s):
§ Pamatong vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161872, April 13, 2004
21. Honesty and Integrity in Public Service

Ø Article XI, 1987 Constitution
22. Policy of Full Public Disclosure in Transactions Involving Public

Interest
Case(s):
§ Valmonte vs. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256;
§ Akbayan vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 6, 2008
VII. SEPARATION OF POWERS
A. Purpose
B. Check and Balance
C. Political Question Doctrine
VIII. THE STRUCTURES AND POWERS OF THE NATIONAL

GOVERNMENT
A. The Legislative Department
1. Composition, Qualification, Term of Office
i. Senate
ii. House of Representatives

a. Legislative District Representative
b. Party list Representative

Ø R.A. No. 7941


Case(s):
§ Veterans Federation Party vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
136781, October 6, 2000;
§ Bagong Bayani-OFW vs. COMELEC, G.R.No. 147589,
June 26, 2001;
§ CIBAC vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 172103, April 13, 2007;
§ Bantay R.A. No. 7941 vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177271,
May 4, 2007;
§ Ang Ladlad LGBT Party vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190582,
April 8, 2010;
§ Philippine Guardians Brotherhood Inc. vs. COMELEC,
G.R. No. 190629, April 29, 2010;
§ Banat vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179271, April 21, 2009;
§ Atong Paglaum Inc vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, April
2, 2013;
§ Alliance for Rural and Agrarian Reconstruction Inc. vs.
COMELEC, G.R. No. 192803, December 10, 2013
iii. Synchronization of Terms of Office

Case(s):
§ Navarro vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 180050,
February 10, 2010;
§ Aldaba vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188078, March 15, 2010;
§ Mariano vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118577, March 7, 1995;
§ Social Justice Society vs. DDB, G.R. No. 157870,
November 3, 2008;
§ Gaminde vs. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000;
§ Socrates vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 154512, November 12,
2002
2. Election
i. Regular Election
ii. Special Election

Case(s):
§ Lozada vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-39068, January 27,
1983;
§ Macalintal vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 157013, July 10,
2003
3. Salaries, Privileges, Disqualifications
i. Salaries
Case(s):
§ PHILCONSA v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966);

§ Ligot v. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974);
§ Amores v. HRET, GR No. 189600 (2010)
ii. Parliamentary Immunity

a. Freedom From Arrest
Case(s):
§ Trillanes vs. Pimentel, G.R. No. 179817, June 27,
2008;
§ People vs. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875, February 3,
2000
b. Privilege Speech and Debate
Case(s):
§ Osmena vs. Pendatun, G.R. No. L-17144, October
28, 1960;
§ Pobre vs. Santiago, A.C. No. 7399, August 25,
2009;
§ Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 876 (1966)
iii. Disqualifications
a. Incompatible vs. Forbidden Office
b. Other Prohibitions
Case(s):
§ Adaza vs. Pacana, 135 SCRA 431;
§ Puyat vs. De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31;
§ Liban vs. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009;
§ Funa vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740,
February 11, 2010;
§ Villegas vs. Legaspi, G.R. No. 53869, March 25,
1982
iv. Duty to Disclose

4. Internal Rules of Congress

i. Election of Officers
ii. Quorum
Case(s):
§ Avelino vs. Cuenco, 83 Phil 17;


§ Defensor-Santiago vs. Guingona, G.R. No. 134577,
November 18, 1998;
§ Arroyo vs. de Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, June 26, 1998
iii. Rules of Proceedings
Case(s):
§ Pimentel vs. Senate Committee on the Whole, G.R.
No. 187714, March 8, 2011
iv. Discipline of Members
Case(s):
§ Osmena vs. Pendatun, 109 Phil 863;
§ Santiago vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 126055, April
19, 2001;
§ Lastimosa-Dalawampu vs. Cuenco, A.C. No. 7345,
April 18, 2017
v. Journal and Congressional Records
a. Enrolled Bill Theory
Case(s):
§ Mabanag vs. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil 1;
§ Arroyo vs. de Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, August
14, 1997;
§ Casco vs. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347;
§ Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630
b. Probative Value of the Journal
Case(s):
§ US vs. Pons, 34 Phil 729
c. Matters Required to be Entered in the Journal
ü yeas and nays on 3rd and final reading, [Section

26(1)], Article VI, 1987 Constitution;
ü veto message of the President [Section, 27(1)],
Article VI, 1987 Constitution;
ü yeas and nays on re-passing of a vetoed bill,
[Section 26(1)], Article VI, 1987 Constitution;
ü yeas and nays on any question upon the request
of 1/5 of the members present [Section 16(4)],
Article VI, 1987 Constitution;
d. Journal Entry Rule
Case(s):
§ Astorga vs. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714;
§ Morales vs. Subido, 27 SCRA 131;
e. Congressional Record

f. Adjournment
5. Sessions
i. Regular Sessions
ii. Special Sessions
iii. Joint Sessions
a. Voting Separately
Ø Section 4, par. 5, Article VII, 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 11 par. 4, Article VII, 1987 Constitution
b. Voting Jointly
6. Electoral Tribunal
i. Composition
Case(s):
§ Limkaichong vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 178831-32, April 1,
2009;
§ Tanada vs. Cuenco, 103 Phil 1051;
§ Abbas vs. SET, 166 SCRA 651
ii. Nature of Function
iii. Independence of the Electoral Tribunals
iv. Powers
v. Judicial Review of Decisions of the Electoral Tribunals
Case(s):
§ Vinzons-Chato vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 172131, April 2,
2007;
§ Bello vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 191998, December 7, 2010;
§ Bondoc vs. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792;
§ Jalosjos vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 192474, June 26, 2012;
§ Reyes vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013;
§ Vilando vs. HRET, G.R. No. 192147, August 23, 2011;
§ Guerrero vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137004, July 26, 2000;
§ Duenas vs. HRET, G.R. No. 185401, July 21, 2009;
§ Pena vs. HRET, G.R. No. 123037, March 21, 1997
7. Commission on Appointments

Case(s):
§ Coseteng vs. Mitra, 187 SCRA 377;
§ Daza vs. Singson, 180 SCRA 496;
§ Guingona vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 106971, October 20, 1992
8. Powers of Congress
i. General Plenary Powers

Case(s):
§ Tan v. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986);
§ Torralba v. Sibagat, 147 SCRA 390 (1987)
§ Gonzales vs. Hechanova, 9 SCRA 230
a. Limitations on Legislative Power
§ Substantive Limitations
Ø Article III 1987 Constitution
Ø Section 4(3) Article XIV, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ ABAKADA Guro v. Purisima, GR No. 166715,
August 14, 2008;
§ Fabian vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742,
September 16, 1998;
§ City of Davao vs. RTC, Branch XII, 467 SCRA
280 (2005);
§ GSIS vs. City Treasurer of Manila, 659 SCRA
270 (2011)
§ Procedural Limitation
§ Delegation of Power
Case(s):
§ Echegaray vs. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No.
132601, October 12, 1998;
§ Garcia v. Executive Secretary, 210 SCRA 256;
§ Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission, GR
No. 192935, December 7, 2010;
§ Gancayco v. Government of Quezon City, GR
No. 177807, October 11, 2011;
§ Edu v. Ericta, G.R. No. L-32096, October 24,
1970


ii. Legislative Oversight (Question Hour)
iii. Legislative Investigations (Inquiries in Aid of Legislation)

Case(s):
§ Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil 29 (1950);
§ Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil 358 (1955);
§ Bengzon v. Sen Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA
767 (1991);
§ Senate v. Ermita, GR No. 169777, April 20, 2006;
§ Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability, GR No.
180643, March 2008 ; see also Resolution dated
September 2008;
§ Gudani vs. Senga, G.R. No. 170165, August 15, 2006;
§ Garcillano vs. House Committee on Public
Information, 575 SCRA 170 (2008)
iv. Declaration of War and Delegation of Powers

Ø Section 23, Article XII, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ David vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006;
§ Agan vs. PIATCO, G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003
v. Appropriation
v.1. Doctrine of Augmentation

Case(s):
§ Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208;
§ PHILCONSA v. Enriquez, GR No. 113105, August 19,
1994;
§ Belgica v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 208566,
November 19, 2013;
§ Araullo v. Aquino, G.R. No. 209287, July 1, 2014;
§ TESDA vs. COA, G.R. No. 196418, February 10, 2015
vi. Board of Canvassers for Presidential and Vice Presidential

Elections
vii. Call Special Election for President and Vice President

viii. Revoke or Extend the Suspension of the Privilege of Habeas

Corpus or the Declaration of Martial Law

Case(s):
§ Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, July 4, 2017
ix. Approve Presidential Amnesties
x. Confirm Certain Appointments

Case(s):
§ Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989);
§ Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr., 187 SCRA 377 (1990);
§ Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992);
§ Drilon v. De Venecia, GR No. 180055 (2009)
xi. Concurrence in Treaties

Case(s):
§ Saguisag v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 212426,
212444, January 12, 2016;
§ Pimentel v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 158088, July
6, 2005;
§ Bayan Muna v. Romulo, GR No. 159618, February 1,
2011
xii. Judge of the President’s Physical Fitness or Capacity

xiii. Initiate and become the Judge in Impeachment Cases

Ø Section 3, Article XI, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Gutierrez v. The House of Representatives Committee on
Justice, GR No. 193459, February 5, 2011;
§ Corona v. Senate of the Philippines sitting as an
Impechment Court, G.R. No. 200242, July 17, 2012
xiv. Taxation
Case(s):
§ Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, G.R. No. 115455,
August 25, 1994;
§ Lung Center v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, June 29,
2004;
§ Tan v. Del Rosario, 237 SCRA 324
xv. Define, Prescribe, and Apportion the Jurisdiction of Various

Courts

xvi. Utilization of Natural Resources
9. Legislative Process
i. Requirements as to Bills
a. Subject and Title
Case(s):
§ Lidasan v. Comelec, 21 SCRA 479 (1967);
§ Giron v. Comelec, GR No. 188179, January 22,2013;
§ Tio vs. Videogram Regulatory Commission, 151
SCRA 208
b. Requirement as to Certain Bills
Case(s):
§ Lung Center vs. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, June
29, 2004
ii. Procedure for Passage of Bills
Case(s):
§ Tolentino v. Sec. Of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, August 25,
1994;
§ Gonzales v. Macaraig, GR No. 87636, November 19, 1990;
§ Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
iii. Veto Power by the President
Case(s):
§ Bolinao Electronics Corp. vs. Valencia, 11 SCRA 486;
§ Gonzales vs. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452
iv. Effectivity of Laws
Case(s):
§ Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985; see
also Resolution dated December 29, 1986
10. Initiative and Referendum
B. The Executive Department
1. The President
i. Qualifications, Election, Term, and Oath


ii. Presidential Electoral Tribunal

Case(s):
§ Fernando Poe, Jr. vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, PET Case
No. 002, March 29, 2005;
§ Macalintal vs. PET, G.R. No. 191618, November 23,
2010; see also Resolution dated June 7, 2011;
§ Pormento v. Estrada, GR No. 191988, August 31, 2010
iii. Privilege and Salary

a. Executive Immunity
Case(s):
§ Soliven vs. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393;
§ Estrada vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2,
2001;
§ Saez vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 183533,
September 25, 2012
b. Executive Privilege
Case(s):
§ Almonte vs. Vasquez, G.R. No. 95367, May 23, 1995;
§ Sereno vs. Committee on Trade and Related
Matters, G.R. No. 175210, February 1, 2016
iv. Prohibitions
Case(s):
§ Doromal vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 85468, September
7, 1989;
§ Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA
317;
§ Public Interest Center vs. Elma, 494 SCRA 53 (2006); see
also Resolution (2007);
§ Funa vs. Agra, G.R. No. 191644, February 19, 2013
v. Succession
a. At the Beginning of the Term

b. During the Term
c. In case of Temporary Disability
Case(s):

§ Estrada vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,
2001
vi. Removal
vii. Power and Functions of the President
a. Executive Power
Case(s):
§ Marcos vs. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668; see also
Resolution 178 SCRA 760;
§ Gonzales vs. Hechanova, 9 SCRA 230
b. Control of the Executive Department
b.1. The Faithful Execution of Laws Clause
Case(s):
§ Mondano vs. Silvosa, 97 Phil. 143;
§ Carpio vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 96409,
February 14, 1992;
§ Gonzales vs. Office of the President, G.R. No.
196231, January 28, 2014;
§ Banda vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 16620, April 20, 2010;
§ Pichay vs. Office of the Deputy Executive
Secretary, G.R. No. 196425, July 24, 2012;
§ Balquera v. Alcala, GR No. 109406, September 11,
1998;
§ Hutchison Ports v. SBMA, GR No. 131367,
August 31, 2000
c. General Supervision over Local Government Units and

Autonomous Regions
Ø Section 4, Article X, 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Ganzon vs. CA, 200 SCRA 271;
§ Dadole vs. COA, G.R. No. 125350, December 3,
2002;
§ Villafuerte vs. Robredo, G.R. No. 195390,
December 10, 2014
d. Power of Appointment

Case(s):
§ GPI vs. Springer, 50 Phil. 259
I. Appointment with the Consent of the Commission

on Appointments
Case(s):
§ Rufino vs. Endrigo, G.R. No. 139554, July 21,
2006;
§ Sarmiento vs. Mison, 156 SCRA 549;
§ Concepcion- Bautista vs. Salonga, 172 SCRA
160;
§ Quintos- Deles vs. COA, 177 SCRA 259;
§ Calderon vs. Carale, 208 SCRA 254;
§ General vs. Urro, G.R. No. 191560, March 29,
2011;
§ Funa vs. CSC, G.R. No. 191672, November
25, 2014
II. Appointment Upon Recommendation of the

Judicial and Bar Council
III. Appointment of the Vice President as Member of

the Cabinet
IV. Appointment Solely by the President
V. Interim or Recess Appointment
Case(s):
§ Guevarra vs. Inocentes, 16 SCRA 289;
§ De Rama vs. CA, G.R. No. 131136, February
28, 2001;
§ Matibag vs. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, April
2, 2002;
§ Fetalino vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 191890,
December 4, 2012
VI. Temporary Designation

Ø Book III, Section 17, Administrative Code
VII. Limitation on the Appointing Power of the

President
Case(s):
§ Aytona vs. Castillo, 4 SCRA 1;
§ Jorge vs. Mayor, 10 SCRA 331;
§ Ykalina vs. Oricio, G.R. No. L-6951, October
30, 1953;
§ SM Land, Inc. vs. BCDA, G.R. No. 203655,
September 7, 2015;
§ Quimsing vs. Tajanlangit, 10 SCRA 446;
§ De Castro vs. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, March
17, 2010;

§ Velicaria-Garafil vs. Office of the President,
G.R. No. 203372, June 16, 2015
VIII. Power to Remove
viii. Executive Clemency

a. Pardon vs. Probation
b. Pardon vs. Parole
Case(s):
§ Torres vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 76872, July 23, 1987;
§ In re: Torres vs. Director Bureau of Corrections,
G.R. No. 122338, December 29, 1995;
c. Pardon vs. Amnesty
Case(s):
§ Barrioquinto vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-1278,
January 21, 1949;
§ Vera vs. People, G.R. No. L-18184, 117 Phil. 170;
§ Macaga-an vs. People, G.R. No. 77317-50, July 29,
1987
d. Effects of Pardon
Case(s):
§ Monsanto vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 78239, February 9,
1989;
§ Risos-Vidal vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206666,
January 21, 2015;
§ Magdalo Para sa Pagbabago vs. COMELEC, G.R.
No. 190793, june 19, 2012
e. Violation of Conditional Pardon
f. Applicability of Pardon in Administrative Cases
Case(s):
§ Torres vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 76872, July 23, 1987;
ix. Commander-in-Chief
a. Calling Out Power
Case(s):
§ Ampatuan vs. Puno, G.R. No. 190259, June 7, 2011;
§ Sanlakas vs. Reyes, G.R. 159085, February 3, 2004;
§ IBP vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000;
§ Kulayan vs. Tan, G.R. No. 187298, July 3, 2012;


x. Martial Law and Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus
Case(s):
§ Fortun vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 190293, March
20, 2012;
§ Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, July 25, 2017
xi. Emergency Powers

Ø R.A. No. 11469 (Bayanihan to Heal As One Act of 2020)
Case(s):
§ David vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006
xii. Contracting Foreign Loans

xiii. Foreign Affairs
a. Treaty Making
b. Deportation
Case(s):
§ Pimentel vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 158088,
July 6, 2005;
§ Nicolas v.Romulo, GR No. 175888, February 11,
2009;
§ People’s Movement for Press Freedom v.
Manglapus, G.R. No. 84642, September 13, 1988;
§ Comm of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3 SCRA
351 (1961);
§ Go Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17 (1977)
xiv. Power over Legislation

a. Message to Congress
b. Budget
c. Veto Power
d. Emergency Powers
e. Fixing of Tariff Rates (Flexible Tariff Clause)

xv. Immunity from Suits
Case(s):

§ David vs. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006;
§ Sabio vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 233853, July 15, 2019;
§ In the Matter of the Petition for Writ f Amparo and
Habeas Data in Favor of Noriel H. Rodriguez vs. Arroyo,
G.R. No. 191805, November 15, 2011;
§ De Lima vs. Duterte, G.R. No. 227635, October 15, 2019
2. The Vice President
i. Qualifications, Election, Term, and Oath

ii. Privilege and Salary

iii. Prohibitions
iv. Succession
v. Removal
vi. Functions
a. Right of Succession
b. Membership in the Cabinet
C. The Judicial Department
1. The Supreme Court
i. Composition
ii. Appointment and Qualifications

Case(s):
§ Kilosbayan Foundation vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 177721,
July 3, 2007;
§ Topacio vs. Ong, G.R. No. 179895, December 18,
2008
iii. Salary
Case(s):

§ Perfecto vs. Meer, 85 Phil. 522;
§ Endencia vs. David, G.R. No. L-6355-56, August 31,
1953;
§ Nitafan vs. CIR, 152 SCRA 284
iv. Security of Tenure

v. Removal from Office

Case(s):
§ Cuenco vs. Fernan, A.C. No. 3135, February 17,
1988;
§ Petition for Disbarment Against Associate Justice
Leonen, A.M. No. 12-11-14-SC, January 15, 2013;
§ Republic vs. Chief Justice Sereno, G.R. No. 237428,
May 11, 2018;
§ Dela Llama vs. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
vi. Fiscal Autonomy

vii. Jurisdiction
Ø B.P. Blg. 129 (Judiciary Reorganization Act)
Case(s):
§ People vs. Gutierrez, G.R. No. L-32282, November
26, 1970;
§ Estipona vs. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, August 15,
2017;
§ In the Matter of Petition for Admission to the Bar of
Unsuccessful Candidates of 1946 to 1953, Albino
Cunanan, et al.
viii. Congressional Power over the Jurisdiction of the Supreme

Court
Case(s):
§ Villavert vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 133715, February 23,
2000;
§ Fabian vs. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16,
1998
ix. Administrative Powers
a. Supervision Over Lower Courts and Personnel thereof.

b. Temporarily Assign Judges to Other Stations


c. Order a Change of Venue or Place of Trial to Avoid
Miscarriage of Justice
Case(s):
Ø People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975);
Ø People v. Sola, 103 SCRA 393 (1981)
d. Discipline of Judges
e. Appointment of Officials and Employees of the Judiciary

Case(s):
Ø Maceda vs. Vasquez, 221 SCRA 464
x. Rule Making
Case(s):
§ In re: Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534;
§ In re: Edillon, 84 SCRA 554;
§ In re: Request fro Second Division, A.M. No. 02-1-
09-SC, January 21, 2002;
§ Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 166 SCRA 316 (1978);
§ Aguirre vs. Rona, B.M. No. 1036, June 10, 2003;
§ In re: Petition to Disqualify Atty. De Vera, A.C. No.
6052, December 11, 2003;
§ MMDA vs. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, 574
SCRA 661 (2008);
§ In the matter of the petition for the Writ of Amparo
and Habeas Data in favoe of Noriel Rodriguez, GR
No. 191805, 193160 (2011)
xi. Non Quasi-Judicial and Administrative Work of Judges

Case(s):
§ Manila Electric Co. vs. Pasay Trans., 57 Phil. 600;
§ Garcia vs. Macaraig, 39 SCRA 106;
§ In re: Judge Manzano, 166 SCRA 246
xii. Report on the Judiciary

xiii. Manner of Sitting and Votes Required

Case(s):
§ Lu vs. Lu Ym, G.R. No. 153690, February 15, 2011;
§ Cruz v. DENR, GR No. 135385, December 6, 2000


xiv. Requirements As to Decisions
Case(s):
§ Yao vs. CA, G.R. No. 132428, October 24, 2000;
§ Martinez vs. CA, G.R. No. 123547, My 21, 2001;
§ In re: Production of Court Records and Documents
and the Attendance of Court Officials and
Employees as Witnesses under the Subpoenas of
February 10, 2012 and the Various Letters of the
Impeachment Prosecution Panel dated January 19
and 25, 2012, Resolution dated February 14, 2012;
§ Miguel vs. JTC Group, GR No.157752, March 16,
2005
xv. Mandatory Period of Deciding Cases

2. The Lower Courts
i. Qualifications and Appointment

Case(s):
§ Sanggunian Bayan of Taguig vs. Judge Estrella, A.M.
No. 01-1608-RJT, January 16, 2001;
ii. Salary
iii. Congressional Power to Reorganize and Security of Tenure

iv. Removal
v. Jurisdiction
Ø B.P. Blg. 129 (Judiciary Reorganization Act)
vi. Requirement As to Preparation of Decisions

Case(s):
§ Pedragoza vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 169885, July 25,
2006;
§ Partido ng Mangagawa vs. COMELEC, G.R. No.
164702, March 15, 2006
vii. Mandatory Period of Deciding

Case(s):

§ Marcelino vs. Cruz, 121 SCRA 51;
§ De Roma vs. CA, 152 SCRA 205
3. The Judicial and Bar Council

Case(s):
§ De Castro vs. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, March 17, 2010;
§ Chavez vs. JBC, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013;
§ Jardeleza vs. Sereno, G.R. No. 213181, August 19, 2014
D. The Constitutional Commissions
1. The Civil Service Commission
i. Composition an Qualifications of the Commissioners

Ø Section 1, Article IX(B), 1987 Constitution
ii. Powers
iii. Appointment and Term of Office of the Commissioners

iv. Appointment of Personnel of the Civil Service Commission

Ø Section 4, Article IX(A), 1987 Constitution
v. Fiscal autonomy
vi. Salary
vii. Disqualifications
viii. Impeachment
ix. Appeal
x. Scope of the Civil Service



2. The Commission on Elections

Ø Section 1, Article IX(C), 1987 Constitution
Case(s):
§ Cayetano v. Monsod, G.R. No. 100113, September 3,
1991
ii. Powers
Ø Section 2, Article IX(C), 1987 Constitution

Case(s):
§ Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358
iv. Appointment of Personnel of the Commission on Elections

v. Fiscal Autonomy
vi. Salary
viii. Impeachment
ix. Appeal
3. The Commission on Audit

Ø Section 1, Article IX(D), 1987 Constitution
ii. Powers

iv. Appointment of Personnel of the Commission on Audit

v. Fiscal Autonomy


vi. Salary
viii. Impeachment
ix. Appeal
E. Constitutionally Mandated Offices
1. Commission on Human Rights

2. Office of the Ombudsman

IX. ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
A. Public Office is a Public Trust

B. Disclosure of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth

Section 17, Article XI, 1987 Constitution
C. Ban on Financial Accommodations

D. Agencies for Ensuring Public Accountability

1. Congress
2. Sandiganbayan
3. Office of the Ombudsman
4. Office of the Special Prosecutor
—0O0—
“The greatest pleasure in life is doing what others say you cannot.” –Walter Bagehot
—0O0—

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION (USPF)

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 (LS 112)

1. To learn about the Philippines as a

3. To be able to read cases assigned,

4. To develop research skills and find

5. To communicate effectively using

Course Requirements and grading 1. Written examinations – 50%

A. Political Law Defined

B. Constitutional Law Defined

II. BACKGROUND OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

A. History of the Constitutions of the Philippines

1. The Treaty of Paris

B. The 1986 Provisional Constitution

C. Adoption and Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution

1. Compare with Effectivity of a Statute

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 2

III. SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION AND THE ROLE OF THE

1. Doctrine of Constitutional Supremacy

3. Interpretation of the Provisions of the Constitution

B. Power of Judicial Review

1. Judicial Review Characterized

2. Conditions for the Exercise of Judicial Review

i. Locus Standi; Exception

ii. Actual Case or controversy (vs. Moot and Academic; Exception)

iii. Lis Mota

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 4

3. Functions of Judicial Review

4. Who Can Exercise Judicial Review

5. Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality

i. Orthodox vs. Unorthodox View

ii. Doctrine of Operative Fact

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 5

iii. Partial Unconstitutionality

6. Political Question vs. Justiciable Question

IV. AMENDMENT AND REVISION

A. Amendment vs. Revision

B. Proposals for Amendment or Revision

1. By Congress As Constituent Assembly

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 6

V. THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATE

1. National Territory of the Philippines

ii. Baseline Method

iii. Territorial Sea

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 7

1. The Meaning of “People” under the 1987 Constitution

i. Modes of Acquisition of Philippine Citizenship

a. Who Are Citizens of the Philippines

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 8

c.1. Who Must Be A Natural Born Citizen

d.1. Modes of Naturalization

ii. Loss and Reacquisition of Citizenship

a. Loss of Citizenship by Naturalization in a Foreign Country

iii. Dual Citizenship

COURSE OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 10

ii. Doctrine of Non-Suability

2. When Is A Suit Against The State

ii. Implied Consent

5. Suability vs. Liability

1. Government in General Defined

2. Government of the Philippines Defined

Ø Section 2(1), Administrative Code of 1987

3. Functions: Constituent vs. Minstrant

4. De Facto vs. De Jure