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KEY TO FAMILlES OF THE RAPHIGNATHOIDEA (ACARINA)
BY
F. M. SUMMERS
digits stylate, slender and needlelike, long enough to expose their sharply pointed
tips; basal segments may be independently movable or fused together, sometimes
coalesced to form an integral stylophore. Tracheal system terminates in associa-
tion with cheliceral bases, without peritremes, or with cross-chambered peritremes
looped in membranous flexion between gnathosoma and idiosoma, or with peri-
tremes forming various patterns on exposed upper surfaces of chelicerae. Palps
5-jointed. Body plates variable in number and arrangement, usually very thin,
untanned, often coarsely reticulated or uniformly dimpled. Genital atrium of
CRYPTOGNATHIDAE
CRYPTOGNATHUS 14
CAMEROBIIDAE
CAMEROBIA 1
NEOPHYLLOBIIDAE
NEOPHYLLOBIUS 21
RAPHIGNATHIDAE
RAPHIGNATHUS 20
CALIGONELLIDAE
XENOCALIGONELLIDUS COPTOCHELES 2
CALIGONELLA 1
DASYTHYREUS 1
MOLOTHROGNATHUS 4
NEOGNATHUS 3
STIGMAEIDAE
AGISTEMUS 25
STIGMAEUS 31 ZETZELLIA 9
CHEYLOSTIGMAEUS 12
BARBUTIA
VILLERSIA 3
VILLERSIELLA 1
ZETZELLIOPSIS 1 APOSTIGMAEUS 2
LEDERMUELLERIA 25 ERYNGIOPUS 4
LEDERMUELLERIOPSIS 2
MULLEDERIA 3
MACROSTIGMAEUS 1
MEDIOLATA 8
EUPALOPSELLIDAE
EUPALOPSIS 1 SANIOSULUS
EUPALOPSELLUS 4
EXOTHORHIS 2
female subterminal ; anal and genital openings contiguous, usually with a single
pair of flaps - the anogenital covers. True claws smooth, without spinous pro-
cesses (except Barbutia) ; empodium bears 1-5 pairs of divergent raylets. No
pseudostigmata, no genital suckers.
The superfamily was suggested by GRANDJEAN (1944) for 3 families, and first
characterized by CuNLIFFE (1955). Emendations have been made by SouTII-
COTT (1957) and MEYER and RYKE (1959).
r. Idiosoma entirely encased in thick, reticulated and porous armor having no transverse
sutures but with a circumferential suture separating tergal and sternal plating; gna-
thosoma retractable beneath a prominent sclerotized hood ....................... .
Cryptognathidae Oudemans, 1902.
Idiosoma with plates variously developed or almost absent but never entirely covering
venter; no hood over gnathosoma.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Body ovoid or nearly circular in outline, dorsoventrally compressed ; legs spindly,
disproportionately long; gnathosoma jointed to podosoma in an inferior position so
that mouthparts do not exsert far enough to fully display mouthparts in dorsal view ..
3
Body globular, pyriform or fusiform, not noticeably flattened ; longest legs not longer
than length of idiosoma, usually shorter; gnathosoma joined to an anterior collar of
podosoma, mouthparts prominently displayed in dorsal view................ 4
3· Gnathosoma directed forward whether retracted or protracted; dorsal setae spini-
form ; tactile seta on genua of one or more legs often ultralong ................. .
N eophyllobidae Southcott, 1957.
Gnathosoma pivots to face rearward when retracted into a camerostome ; dorsal setae
palma te ; genual setae not noticeably longer than others of proximalleg segments ....
Camerobiidae Southcott, 1957.
4· Length of palps greatly extended by elongated tarsal segment ; claw on palptibia
small or obsolete; 2 pairs empodial raylets sessile, not originating as branches of an
erect median process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eupalopsellidae Willmann, 1952.
Palps terminally flexed to bear tarsal segment in pendant position below root of tibial
claw ; or, if claw small, tarsal segment not longer than palptibia ; empodial raylets
originate on an erect rod or median process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Chelicerae coalesce to form a stylophore ; sinuous, chambered peritremata embedded
in dorsal surface of stylophore ; dorsal pla ting absent or feebly developed ......... .
Caligonellidae Grandjean, 1944.
Chelicerae independent or fashioned into a stylophore; peritremata not embedded in
dorsal surface of chelicerae in either case ; dorsal plating variable, extensive and cui-
rass-like or fragmented into scattered elements often very faintly sclerotized ; at
least 2 pairs dorsal setae on posterior end of opisthosoma invariably implanted on one
or a pair of suranal plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Chelicerae form a stylophore but paired peritremata run laterally from its basal notch
to make short loops in collar membrane between gnathosoma and podosoma; coxae II
and III contiguous.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raphignathidae Kramer, 1877.
Chelicerae generally independently movable but may be adnate or stylophore-like in
a few genera; without obvious peritremata (exception : Barbutia has a short cheli-
-229-
ceral peritreme) ; coxae II and III not contiguous, legs I-II directed forward, III-
IV directed rearward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stigmaeidae Oudemans, 1931.
REFERENCES
BAKER (E. W.), 1949. - Pomerantziidae, a new family of mites. journ. Wash. Acad.
Sei. 30 : 269-271.
BERLESE (A.), rgro. - Acari nuovi, Redia 6 : rgg-214.
CUNLIFFE (F.), 1955. -A proposed classification of the Trombidiforme mites (Acarina).
Proc. Ent. Soc. W ash. 57 : 209-218.
GRANDJEAN (F.), 1944. - Observations sur les acariens de la famille des Stigmaeidae.
Arch. Sei. phys. nat. 26 : I03-I3I.
KRA!VIER (P.), r877. - Grundzüge zur Systematik der Milben. Arch. j. Naturgesch.,
Neue Folge (Berlin) 43 : 215-247.
MEYER (M. K. P.) and RYKE (P. A. J.), 1959. - Mites of the superfamily Raphigna-
thoidea (Acarina, Prostigmata) associated with South African plants. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., Ser. 13, 2 : 209-234.
ÜUDEMANS (A. C.), rgo2. - Verlag van de zeven-en-vijftigste zomergadering der Neder-
landsche Entomologische Vereeniging. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 45 : 59·
ÜUDEMANS (A. C.), 1927. - Acarologische aanteekeningen LXXXVIII. Ent. Ber.
Nederland. Ent. Ver. 7 : 257-263.
ÜUDEMANS (A. C.), 1931. -- Acarologische aanteekeningen CVIII. Ent. Ber. Nederland.
Ent. Ver. 8 : 251-263.
SouTHCOTT (R. V.), 1957. -Description of a new Australian raphignathoid mite, with
remarks on the classification of the Trombidiformes (Acarina). Proc. Linn. Soc.
New South W ales Sr : 306-312.
WrLLMANN (C.), 1952. - Die Milbenfauna der Nordseeinsel Wangerooge. Verojjtl.
Inst. · M eeresforsch. Bremerhaven r : r3g-r86.