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Specification for
Horizontal
Directional Drilling
(HDD)
Document No: Pr9788
Revision No: 6
Last Review Date: 10/10/2019
Next Review Date: 10/10/2021
Documents Details
This document is only valid on the day it was printed.
Version Review
Reviewed Date Reason for Change
Revision Approved by Change
by approved
2.0 B. Maule A. Schoenmaker 30/11/2016 Correct references to other Consistency
UW technical standards
3.0 G. Burnett G. Burnett 02/10/2018 Periodic review N/A
General refinement of
Lessons learned from
4.0 B. Maule A. Creevey 23/10/2018 specification as a result of
previous project
lessons learned
5.0 L. Bryson N/A N/A Reflect current WSAA Minor admin amendment
reference
6.0 B. Maule G. Burnett 10/10/2019 Section 7.6.14 Tracer Wire Clarification of requirement
Document Control
Document Sponsor Infrastructure Technical Standards Committee
Document Author (Owner) Manager Capital Delivery
Subject Matter Expert Project Services Unit Leader – Capital Delivery
References Refer to Section 3
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Contents
1. Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 7
2. Scope ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Definition .............................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Order of Precedence ............................................................................................ 8
3. References..................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 General................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Applicable Legislation and Regulation .................................................................. 8
3.3 Codes of Practice (ratified by Legislation) ............................................................. 8
3.4 Codes of Practice (not ratified by Legislation) ....................................................... 9
4. Definitions, Abbreviations, Acronyms ......................................................................... 9
4.1 Principal/Standard Drawings ............................................................................... 13
5. Project Preliminaries................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Approvals ........................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Design ................................................................................................................ 14
5.3 Governing Documentation .................................................................................. 15
5.4 Risk Assessment and Control ............................................................................. 16
5.5 Geotechnical Information and Risk ..................................................................... 17
6. Procurement ................................................................................................................ 18
6.2 Principal Supplied Materials ................................................................................ 18
6.3 Delivery, Storage and Security of Materials ........................................................ 18
6.4 Materials ............................................................................................................. 19
6.5 Personnel ........................................................................................................... 19
6.6 Plant ................................................................................................................... 19
6.7 Drill Rig ............................................................................................................... 20
6.8 Mud Pump .......................................................................................................... 20
6.9 Drilling Fluids Mixing and Separation System ..................................................... 21
6.10 Lifting Plant ........................................................................................................ 21
7. Project Execution ........................................................................................................ 21
7.1 Site Setup ........................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Existing Services ................................................................................................ 22
7.4 Dilapidation Reports ........................................................................................... 22
7.5 Monitoring and Reporting.................................................................................... 22
7.6 General Earthworks ............................................................................................ 23
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List of Tables
Table 1 – List of General Definitions ...................................................................................... 9
Table 2 – List of Acronyms ................................................................................................... 12
Table 3 – Design Drawing Requirements ............................................................................. 15
Table 4 – Work Plans ........................................................................................................... 15
Table 5 – Document Package .............................................................................................. 16
Table 6 – Work Procedures.................................................................................................. 16
Table 7 – Safe Work Method Statements ............................................................................. 16
Table 7 – Key HDD Personnel Training and Experience ...................................................... 19
Table 8 – HDD Small, Medium and Maxi Rig Classification Characteristics ......................... 20
Table 9 – Technical HDD Information Records .................................................................... 23
Table 10 – Product Diameter and Reamed Diameter Recommended Relationship (NASTT
2008) ................................................................................................................... 26
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1. Purpose
1.0.1. The intent of this Document is to outline the minimum deliverables and standards that
the contractor needs to comply with when performing Horizontal Directional Drilling
(HDD) works on Unitywater projects.
1.0.2. Its purpose is to ensure consistency across all projects delivered by Unitywater and
that the safety, quality, environmental and design objectives required by Unitywater
are achieved.
1.0.3. In addition to the requirements in this document, a particular drilling crossing may be
assessed as “Critical”. In this instant the additional requirements in Appendix A also
need to be adhered to. As a minimum, the Critical Crossing Criteria table below shall
be used in this assessment.
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2. Scope
2.0.1. This Specification defines the minimum technical requirements for Horizontal
Directional Drilling construction works undertaken on Unitywater projects.
2.1 Definition
2.1.1. Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) shall be defined as a trenchless construction
method for installing pipelines which incorporates the following features:
• Pilot hole is drilled along the design alignments using a steerable and trackable
drill;
• The hole is reamed to the required diameter in one or more passes;
• The carrier pipeline is pulled through the enlarged borehole;
• The drilled hole is continuously stabilised by use of a bentonite or polymer drilling
fluid.
3. References
3.1 General
Nil.
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5. Project Preliminaries
5.1 Approvals
5.1.1 For a Design and Construct contract, third party approvals are to be obtained by the
Contractor. For a “Construct Only” contract third party approvals usually obtained by
Unitywater, however, in some instances approvals may be the responsibility of the
Contractor. The Contractor is to refer to the Project Specific Specification for required
approvals.
5.1.2 No work is to begin on site preparation or HDD activities until all relevant permits and
approvals have been gained and signed off by the relevant authority. The following
authorities may be required to authorise the works:
• Queensland Government Department of Transport and Main Roads;
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5.2 Design
5.2.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for the design and construction of all aspects of
the HDD works including any temporary works and temporary supporting structures.
All design assumptions regarding subsurface conditions, equipment requirements,
groundwater and other factors are the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be
fully documented.
5.2.2 Based on the alignment shown in the Principal Drawings, the Contractor shall design
and size the excavated profile to accommodate all temporary and permanent works.
5.2.3 A design vertical and horizontal profile shall be submitted to the Superintendent’s
Representative for review prior to commencement of work.
5.2.4 The Contractor shall not proceed with any work until the Contractor’s RPEQ certified
design has been accepted by the Superintendent’s Representative. Acceptance of
the Contractor’s design by the Superintendent’s Representative in no way diminishes
the responsibility of the Contractor for the design.
5.2.5 The HDD crossing shall be designed in accordance with this Specification and the
referenced documents by a person suitably qualified and having experience with the
design considerations required for this type of work. The profile design shall take into
account the following:
• Temporary works associated with the HDD construction;
• Pipe/Drill rod bending radii;
• Steering capability of the proposed method/equipment;
• Drilling fluid performance;
• Tensile loads (expected and maximum allowable);
• Potential for hydrofracture;
• Pipeline materials properties (typically Steel, HDPE or PVC) & operations
requirements (lifespan and loads);
• Location of existing services.
5.2.6 The Contractor shall be responsible for submitting a design document package for
review and approval. The document package shall form part of the Contractors ITP
as a hold point. The document package shall include but not limited to:
• Detailed profile design drawings;
• Temporary works design – Drill rig thrust restraints, shoring systems, pits etc.;
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6. Procurement
6.1 Approved Suppliers
6.1.1 The Contractor is to provide materials which have previously been approved for use
as per the SEQ Water Supply and Sewerage Design and Construction Code
Accepted Civil Products and Materials.
6.1.2 If the Contractor proposes to utilise non pre-approved products these are to be
submitted to the Superintendent’s Representative for consideration.
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6.4 Materials
6.4.1 Permanent materials are to fully comply with this Specification and the documents
referenced herein. The Contractor shall prepare and submit Suppliers Certificates for
all permanent materials to be included in the works.
6.4.2 The Contractor is to ensure that chemicals and hydrocarbons are used according to
Principal’s accepted environmental practises complete with control measures to
mitigate risk.
6.4.3 The Contractor is to ensure that the drilling fluids and chemicals that have the
potential to come into contact with the ground are biodegradable, safe to water
bodies and fire resistant.
6.5 Personnel
6.5.1 Appropriately trained and experienced personnel are required for the delivery of the
works. Table 8 below summarises the minimum training and experience required for
key personnel. Details of key personal experience shall be provided to the
Superintendent’s Representative for approval before the works commence.
6.5.2 A HDD supervisor who is thoroughly knowledgeable of the equipment, drilling and
HDD procedures is to be present at the job site during the entire installation and be
available to address immediate concerns and health and safety issues.
Table 8 – Key HDD Personnel Training and Experience
HDD Role Training / Qualification Experience in Role (Years)
Project Manager Min Higher Education Diploma 5
HDD Supervisor Rig and fluid training 3
HDD Driller Rig and fluid training 1
HDD Offsider Fluid training / Bore Tracking 1
6.6 Plant
6.6.1 All trenchless construction operations shall be performed using specialist equipment.
6.6.2 All plant must be of a good standard and the Superintendent’s Representative shall
be permitted to visit the premises of the storage, manufacture or refurbishment of
proposed specialist plant for the purpose of inspection. The key Principal’s
equipment assessment / inspection criterion is listed below:
• Plant is required to be in good safe working order;
• Plant is required to have a good service history;
• Plant is required to be fit for purpose.
6.6.3 The Contractor’s management plans must detail a system for daily checking and
resolving of issues with the supplied plant and equipment.
6.6.4 As a minimum the HDD Contractor is to supply the following plant:
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7. Project Execution
7.0.1 The Contractor shall maintain control of site operations at all times. The Contractor
has ultimate responsibility for site safety, the environment, quality workmanship and
the satisfactory completion of the work as authorised under the Contract.
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Table 11 – Product Diameter and Reamed Diameter Recommended Relationship (NASTT 2008)
Product Diameter Reamed Diameter
< 8” (< 200mm) Diameter of product + 4” (100mm)
8” – 24” (200 – 600mm) Diameter of product x 1.5
> 24” (> 600mm) Diameter of product + 12” (300mm)
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7.6.17 Grouting
7.6.17.1 Unless nominated in the design, annulus grouting is required. The following elements
of the grouting procedure must be assessed:
• Surface settlement;
• Grouting pressure shall not exceed Pmax and any pressure limitation on the carrier
pipe
• Pipe buckling from ground and hydrostatic loads;
• Drill path erosion and drainage;
• Resistivity;
• Heat transfer;
• Floatation
• Permanent operation.
7.6.17.2 The Contractor is to provide a grouting procedure of the annulus between the casing
pipe and the carrier pipe for approval. A cementitious material should be used.
7.6.17.3 Grouting of the annulus, management of floatation and thermal reversion, shall be in
accordance with the SEQ WS&S D&C Code. Grouting mix design shall be
appropriate for the specific pipe materials and site conditions and shall be approved
by the superintendent.
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7.7 Survey
7.7.1 Construction control points shall be established sufficiently far away from the work so
as not to be affected by ground movement caused by the construction operations.
Such control points shall be checked regularly against permanent bench marks to
ensure the accuracy of the HDD construction is not compromised by ground
movement.
7.7.2 Borehole Alignment
7.7.2.1 Depending on the length, depth, topography and characteristics of the proposed
crossing/s, the Contractor shall adopt one of either walkover, wireline or gyro HDD
survey methodologies to guide the borehole along the designed alignment. The
proposed methodology and procedure is to be submitted as per the requirements in
Table 6.
7.7.2.2 At least one (1) reading per drill rod is required during the drilling of the pilot hole,
registering inclination, heading, length, depth and the orientation of the bent sub. This
information shall be recorded on the steering log and be available for inspection of
the superintendent as and when required.
7.7.2.3 The Contractor shall ensure proper calibration of all equipment before commencing
directional drilling operation and provide proof of calibration documentation to the
Superintendent’s Representative
7.7.3 As-Built
7.7.4.1 As-built drawings of Horizontal Directional Drilling shall be prepared, certified as to
their accuracy and submitted by the Contractor to the Superintendent’s
Representative.
7.7.4.2 The Contractor shall provide the Superintendent’s Representative a complete set of
As-Built Plans showing all bores (successful and failed) within 10 calendar days of
completing the work.
7.7.4.3 The Contractor shall ensure that the plans are dimensionally correct copies of the
Contract plans and include roadway plans and profiles, cross-sections, boring
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8.3 Disinfection/Chlorination
8.3.1 When disinfection/chlorination testing is required the test and reports are to be
prepared by a NATA certified testing authority in accordance with SEQ WS&S D&C
Code. All equipment used in the testing process shall be calibrated in accordance
with the relevant standards.
8.3.2 The Contractor’s Chlorination Testing Procedure for disposal of disinfection water
shall be in accordance with Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA)
Guideline: Dechlorination of Drinking Water to Discharged Waterways, National
Guidance for the Urban Water Industry 2019.
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Contractor Principal
Responsibilities Responsibilities
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Contractor Principal
Responsibilities Responsibilities
Collaboration 60%
HDD site set up ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
Proposed tooling and BHA’s ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
Erosion and sediment controls ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
HDD Site Setup Designated spoil sites ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
HDD Pits ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
Drilling, excavation, confined
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
space and hot works permits
Calibration of survey equipment ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
Calibration of rig measuring
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
instruments
Drill pipe checks conforming to
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
API Drill Pipe Specification
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Contractor Principal
Responsibilities Responsibilities
plans
Submission of the pipe pull back
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
logs
PIG and water discharge logs
Cleaning and
documenting volumes, time ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
Gauging
and pressures
Hydrostatic and chlorination
Hydrostatic and testing logs and NATA ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒
Chlorination certificate
Testing and
Grouting Grouting installation records
☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐
(strength, volume and pressures)
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5. Project Preliminaries
5.2 Design
Additional Sub-Clauses
5.2.1 In addition to Temporary Works the overall design is to be certified by a RPEQ
engineer and shall be submitted to the Superintendent’s Representative for review
prior to commencement of work.
5.2.2 Hydrofracture, Installation load and Pipe integrity calculations shall be carried out and
submitted as part of the overall design.
Amendment to Sub-Clauses
5.2.3 In addition to the Design drawing requirements shown in Table 3 the following is also
required.
Table 14 – Design Drawing Requirements
Drawing Details Plan / Elevation RPEQ Sign Off
HDD Over Bend Details Plan + Elevation
Amendment to Sub-Clauses
5.3.1 In addition to the work plan requirements shown in Table 4 the following is also
required.
5.3.2 In addition to the documentation requirements shown in Table 5 the following is also
required.
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6. Procurement
6.5 Personnel
Amendment to Sub-Clause
Alteration to Table 7 Key HDD Personnel Training and experience.
Table 16 – Alternative Table 7: Key HDD Personnel Training and Experience
HDD Role Training / Qualification Experience in Role (Years)
Project Manager Min Higher Education Diploma 5
HDD Supervisor Rig and fluid training 5
HDD Driller Rig and fluid training 3
HDD Engineer Min Higher Education Diploma 2
HDD Steerer Survey equipment training 2
HDD Mudman Fluid training/bore tracking 1
7. Project Execution
7.5 Monitoring and Reporting
Amendment to Sub-Clause
Alteration to Table 9 of Section 7.4 of this document is outlined in Table 16 below.
Table 17 – Alternative Table 9: Technical HDD Information Records
Handover
HDD Record / Report Included Information Frequency /
Details
Rig Log (Pilot, Rod time, torque and carriage forces.
By noon the next
Reaming and Geology and fluid comments (returns /
day.
Conditioning) losses).
Azimuth, length and inclination. 3 & 10 joint
By noon the next
Steering Log checks. Position to be referenced to the
day.
designed alignment.
Rate of Penetration Rod cutting time. Face time. Rig gear / By noon the next
Chart (ROP) forces. Bit size. day.
Annular Pressure Pmin, Pmax and Pactual. Bore profile, ground By noon the next
Graph level. day.
Pipe Pull Back Logs Rod time, torque and carriage forces. Fluid By noon the next
(Casing and Carrier) comments. day.
Filling and Pre-Hydro By noon the next
Water quantity, times and pressure.
Test Logs day.
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Alternative Sub-Clause
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7.6.15.4 Table 10). The Contractor is to ensure that the drill pipe conforms to its allowable
bending radius at all times.
Additional Sub-Clause
7.7 Survey
Table 10.
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