Universidad nacional de Ingeniería

Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica

Tema :Fórmulas básicas de integración

Docente:Ing.Edwin Tello Godoy
 Fórmula
básicas de
integración
Formulas elementales de Integración
1. ‫ 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝑘
𝑣 𝑚+1
2. ‫׬‬ 𝑣 𝑚 𝑑𝑣 = + 𝑘 ; 𝑚 ≠ −1
𝑚+1
𝑑𝑣
3. ‫ 𝑣 ׬‬−1 𝑑𝑣 = ‫׬‬ = Ln 𝑣 + 𝑘
𝑣

4.‫ 𝑣 𝑒 = 𝑣𝑑 𝑣 𝑒 ׬‬+ 𝑘
𝑎𝑣
5. ‫׬‬ 𝑎𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = +𝑘
𝐿𝑛𝑎
x2
(𝑒 3𝑥 2x−3𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 2 )sen 3x x2
e
6. ‫ = 𝑣𝑑𝑣𝑛𝑒𝑠 ׬‬−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 + 𝑘 ; ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑐
e6x e3x

7. ‫ 𝑣𝑛𝑒𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬+ 𝑘

8. ‫ = 𝑣𝑑𝑣𝑔𝑡 ׬‬− Ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 + 𝑘 = Ln 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣 + 𝑘
9. ‫ = 𝑣𝑑𝑣𝑔𝑡𝑐 ׬‬Ln 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣 + 𝑘
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪10.‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪11.‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣. 𝑡𝑔𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣 +‬׬ ‪12.‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣. 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣 +‬׬ ‪13.‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣𝑑𝑣 = Ln 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣 + 𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪14.‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣𝑑𝑣 = Ln 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣 − 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪15‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣. 𝑡𝑔𝑣 + Ln 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣 + 𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪16.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑘 ‪ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣. 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑣 + Ln 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑣 − 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑣 +‬׬ ‪17.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑣𝑑‬ ‫𝑣‬
‫׬ ‪18.‬‬ ‫𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝐴 =‬ ‫𝑘‪+‬‬
‫‪𝑎2 −𝑣 2‬‬ ‫𝑎‬
‫𝑣𝑑‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝑣‬
‫׬ ‪19.‬‬ ‫𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝐴 =‬ ‫𝑘‪+‬‬
‫𝑣‬ ‫‪𝑣 2 −𝑎2‬‬ ‫𝑎‬ ‫𝑎‬
 𝑑𝑣 1 𝑣
20. ‫׬‬ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 +𝑘
𝑣 2 +𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑑𝑥 1 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4+6𝑥 2+13 = ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4+6𝑥2+9+4 = ‫ 𝑥( ׬‬2+3)2+22 = 2 ‫ 𝑥( ׬‬2+3)2+22
11 𝑥 2 +3
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 +𝑘
22 2
𝑑𝑣 1 𝑣−𝑎
21. ‫ ׬‬2 2 = Ln +𝑘
𝑣 −𝑎 2𝑎 𝑣+𝑎
𝑑𝑣 1 𝑎+𝑣 1 𝑣 𝑣
22.‫׬‬ = Ln + 𝑘 = 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒕𝒈𝒉 +𝑘 <1
𝑎2 −𝑣 2 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑣 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

23. ‫𝑛𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘

24. ‫𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
25. ‫𝑔𝑡 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = Ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
26. ‫𝑔𝑡𝑐 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = Ln 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
27. ‫𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
28. ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
29. ‫𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ𝑣. 𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
30. ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ𝑣. 𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
𝑣′
31.‫𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 2𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑒𝑉 +𝑘 ; (𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑣)′ =
𝑣 2 +1
 𝑣 𝑣′
32.‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑡𝑔ℎ( ) + 𝑘 (𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑣)′ =
2 𝑣 2 −1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
33. ‫׬‬ = Ln 𝑣 + 𝑣 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑘 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ +𝑘
𝑣 2 +𝑎2 𝑎
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
34. ‫׬‬ = Ln 𝑣 + 𝑣 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑘 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ +𝑘
𝑣 2 −𝑎2 𝑎
𝑑𝑣 1 𝑣
35.‫׬‬ = − 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ +𝑘
𝑣 𝑎2 −𝑣 2 𝑎 𝑎
𝑑𝑣 1 𝑣
36.‫׬‬ = − 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ +𝑘
𝑣 𝑎2 +𝑣 2 𝑎 𝑎

37. ‫ ׬‬ln 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 Ln( 𝑣) − 1 + 𝑘

38. ‫ 𝑣 𝑣 𝑒 = 𝑣𝑑 𝑣 𝑒𝑣 ׬‬− 1 + 𝑘
1 𝑣
39. ‫ 𝑎 ׬‬2 − 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑎 2 − 𝑣 2 + 𝑎2 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 +𝑘
2 𝑎
1
40. ‫ 𝑎 ׬‬2 + 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑎 2 + 𝑣 2 + 𝑎2 Ln 𝑣 + 𝑎2 + 𝑣 2 +𝑘
2
1
41. ‫ 𝑣 ׬‬2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣 𝑣 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎2 Ln 𝑣 + 𝑣 2 − 𝑎2 +𝑘
2
 𝑒 𝑝𝑣
42. ‫׬‬ 𝑒 𝑝𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑞𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑞𝑣 − 𝑞𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑞𝑣 + 𝑘
𝑝2 +𝑞2

𝑒 𝑝𝑣
43. ‫׬‬ 𝑒 𝑝𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑞𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑞𝑣 + 𝑞𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑞𝑣 + 𝑘
𝑝2+𝑞 2

1 1 𝑣
44.‫𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 + 𝐿𝑛 𝑡𝑔ℎ +𝑘
2 2 2
1 1
‫𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬ℎ3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 + 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑣 + 𝑘
2

1 1 𝑣
45.‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛 𝑡𝑔ℎ +𝑘
2 2 2
Ejemplo
𝑒 2𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒: ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
5+7𝑒 2𝑥
Solución
𝑒 2𝑥 1 14𝑒 2𝑥 1
‫ ׬‬5+7𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛 5 + 7𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐾
14 5+7𝑒 2𝑥 14
1
𝐼 = 𝐿𝑛 5 + 7𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐾
14
Ejemplo
‫𝑒 ׬‬10𝑥 + 9 𝑒 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solución
11
‫ 𝑒( ׬‬5𝑥 )2 +9 𝑒 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑒 5𝑥 𝑒10𝑥 + 9 + 9𝐿𝑛 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝑒10𝑥 + 9
52
+𝑘
1
𝐼= (𝑒 5𝑥 𝑒10𝑥 + 9 + 9𝐿𝑛 𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝑒10𝑥 + 9 +𝑘
10
 𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒: ‫𝑔𝑡 ׬‬ℎ4𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑥
4
Solución
𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ4𝑥
4
𝐼 = ‫𝑔𝑡 ׬‬ℎ4𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 −
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥
4
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ
4
‫׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ
4
1 𝑥
1 4𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 𝑥
4 4
𝐼= ‫𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 4‫׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥 − 4𝐿𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ +𝐾
4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 4 4
4
1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥 − 4𝐿𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ +𝐾
4 4
Ejemplo
2
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+2𝑥𝑒 2 1−𝑥
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎: ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥2
Solución
2
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥+2𝑥𝑒 2 1−𝑥
𝐼=‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥 2
2
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 −2𝑥𝑒 2 1−𝑥
𝐼=‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 − ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 =
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2
2
−1 −2𝑥𝑒 2 1−𝑥
−‫׬‬ 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥2
3
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 2
𝐼= − − 𝑒 2 1−𝑥 +𝐾
3
Ejemplo

𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
Demostrar que: 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 = 𝑳𝒏 𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 (𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑐𝒉𝒙)′ =
𝒙
1
−
𝑥 1−𝑥 2
1
Además, halle: ‫׬‬ 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1−𝑥2 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙+𝟒

Solución
vamos a demostrar que se cumple:

𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝑳𝒏
𝒙

𝒛 = 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒛 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉(𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙)
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒛 = 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐𝒆𝒛
= 𝒙 → =𝒙
𝒆𝒛 +𝒆−𝒛 𝒆𝟐𝒛 +𝟏
𝟐𝒆𝒛 = 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒛 + 𝒙
𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒛 − 𝟐𝒆𝒛 + 𝒙 = 𝟎
 𝟐± 𝟒−𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟏± 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝒆𝒛 = → 𝒆𝒛 =
𝟐𝒙 𝒙

𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 𝒚 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝟏 ≥ 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 ≤ 𝟏 𝒚 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
−𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 𝒚 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
−𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟎 ∪ 𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏

𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
> 𝟎 ∀𝒙 ∈ 𝟎, 𝟏
𝒙
𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
Como 𝒆𝒛 > 𝟎 → 𝒆𝒛 =
𝒙
𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝒛 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒙

𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒙
 ′
𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = 𝑳𝒏( )
𝒙
′
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = 𝑳𝒏 𝟏 + 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑳𝒏𝒙
𝟐𝒙
−
𝟐 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟏
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = −
𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒙

𝒙
−
𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟏
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = −
𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒙

𝒙 𝟏
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = − −
𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒙

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 +𝟏−𝒙𝟐 (𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 )

𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = − =−
𝒙 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟏−𝒙𝟐

𝟏
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 ′ = −
𝒙 𝟏−𝒙𝟐

Generalizando su regla de derivación

′ 𝒗′ (𝒙)
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒗(𝒙) = −
𝒗(𝒙) 𝟏−(𝒗(𝒙))𝟐

Calculando la integral indefinida

Calculando la integral indefinida
′ 𝒗′ (𝒙)
𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒗(𝒙) = −
𝒗(𝒙) 𝟏−(𝒗(𝒙))𝟐
𝟏
1 − 𝟏
‫׬‬ 5 𝑑𝑥 = − ‫ 𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒈𝒓𝑨(׬‬+ 𝟒 ) 𝟓 (− )𝒅𝒙
𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙+𝟒 𝑥 1−𝑥2
𝟏 𝟒
5 4 − 𝟏 5
𝐼= − ‫ 𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒈𝒓𝑨( ׬‬+ 𝟒) 𝟓 − 𝒅𝒙 = − ‫𝒅׬‬ (𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 + 𝟒 ) 𝟓
4 5 𝑥 1−𝑥 2 4
𝟒
𝟓
𝑭 𝒙 = − (𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 + 𝟒) +𝑪𝟓
𝟒
Ejemplo
1 1 𝑣
Demostrar que:‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ3 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛 𝑡𝑔ℎ +𝑘
2 2 2
Solución
𝐼𝐴 = ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ3 (𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ𝑣 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2(𝑣)𝑑𝑣 ; ‫ 𝑣𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑 𝑢׬‬− ‫𝑢𝑑𝑣 ׬‬
𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣 → 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑣 → 𝑣 = −𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣
𝐼𝐴 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ 𝑣 . 𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ2(𝑣) 𝑑𝑣
𝐼𝐴 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ 𝑣 . (𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑣 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝐼𝐴 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐼𝐴 − ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ(𝑣) 𝑑𝑣
2𝐼𝐴 == −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ(𝑣) 𝑑𝐴
1 1
𝐼𝐴 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬ℎ(𝑣) 𝑑𝑣
2 2
1 1 2 1 𝑒𝑣
𝐼𝐴 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫𝑣 𝑒 ׬‬−𝑒 −𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − ‫)𝑣 𝑒( ׬‬2−1 𝑑𝑣
2 2 2
𝑣 𝑣
−
1 1 𝑒 𝑣 −1 1 1 𝑒 2−𝑒 2
𝐼𝐴 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛 𝑣 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛 𝑣 𝑣 +𝑘
2 2 𝑒 +1 2 2 −
𝑒 2+𝑒 2

1 1 𝑣
𝐼𝐴 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑣𝑐𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑣 − 𝐿𝑛 𝑡𝑔ℎ +𝑘
Ejemplo
1
Halla: 𝐼 = ‫׬‬0 2𝑥 𝑥2 + 1 3 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥 2 +1
Solución
1
𝐼 = ‫׬‬0 2𝑥 𝑥2 + 1 3 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Utilizando el método de integración por partes
‫ 𝑣𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑 𝑢׬‬− ‫𝑢𝑑𝑣 ׬‬
𝑑𝑥 ′ 𝑣′
𝑢 = 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = ; 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ 𝑣 =
𝑥 2 +1 𝑣 2 +1
3
2
𝑑𝑣 = 2𝑥 𝑥2 +1 3 𝑑𝑥 →= (𝑥 2 + 1) 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 → 𝑣 =
2 𝑥2 + 1 5
5

2 2 𝑥2 +1 5
𝐼= 𝑥2 +1 5 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 − ‫׬‬5 𝑑𝑥
5 𝑥 2 +1
2 2
𝐼= 𝑥 2 + 1 5 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 − ‫ 𝑥(׬‬2 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
5 5
2 2
𝐼= 𝑥 2 + 1 5 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 − ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥
5 5

2 2𝑥 5 4𝑥 3 2
𝐼= 𝑥2 +1 5 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 − − − 𝑥+𝑘
5 25 15 5
Ejemplo
𝑥 2 +2
Calcula:‫ ׬‬4 2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 +3𝑥 +4)

Solución
𝑥 2 +2
𝐼= ‫ 𝑥( ׬‬4+3𝑥 2+4) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 4 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 + 4 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2 2 − 𝑥2
𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 4 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2)
1 1 1 1
= +
(𝑥 2 −𝑥+2)(𝑥2 +𝑥+2) 2 𝑥 2 −𝑥+2 𝑥 2 +𝑥+2

1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= ‫ ׬‬2 + ‫ ׬‬2 = ‫׬‬ 1 7 2
+ ‫׬‬ 1 7
2 𝑥 −𝑥+2 2 𝑥 +𝑥+2 2 (𝑥− )2 +( ) 2 (𝑥+ )2 +( )2
2 2 2 2

1 2𝑥−1 1 2𝑥+1
𝐼= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 + 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 +𝑘
7 7 7 7
Ejemplo

4 3
Halle la primitiva de: 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 4𝑥+1
arctg (16𝑥2 +8𝑥+4)
3

Solución

4 3 4 3
𝑓 𝑥 = 3 4𝑥+1
→𝐹 𝑥 = ‫׬‬3 4𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥
arctg (16𝑥2 +8𝑥+4) arctg (16𝑥2 +8𝑥+4)
3 3

Haciendo un cambio de variable

𝟒𝒙+𝟏 𝟒𝒅𝒙
𝒖 = 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠 𝟑
; 𝒅𝒖 = 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝟑( ) +𝟏 )
𝟑

𝟒𝒅𝒙 𝟒 𝟑
𝒅𝒖 = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙+𝟏
→ 𝒅𝒖 = (𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐+𝟖𝒙+𝟒) 𝒅𝒙
𝟑( +𝟏)
𝟑

Reemplazando en la integral inicial

1
𝑑𝑢 − 3 2
‫׬‬3u = ‫𝑢׬‬ 3 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢3 +𝑘
2
Retornando a la variable con que fue propuesto la integral indefinida

2
3 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 3
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐠 +𝑘
2 𝟑
Ejemplo
1 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
Calcula:𝐼 = ‫(׬‬ − + )𝑑𝑥
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥2 −1 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛2 𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝑥2 +1
Solución
1 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝐼 = ‫(׬‬ − + )𝑑𝑥
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥2 −1 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛2 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝐼=‫׬‬ −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 + ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 ……..…(1)
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛2 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝑥2 +1
𝐼𝐴
𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1
𝐼𝐴 = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛2 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1

‫ 𝑣𝑢 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 ׬‬− ‫𝑢𝑑𝑣 ׬‬

𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 1 → 𝑑𝑢 = 1 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
𝐿𝑛−2 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 1
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑣 = −
𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥2 −1

𝑥 2 + 1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥 1
𝐼𝐴 = − +න 1+ 𝑑𝑥
𝐿𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑥2 + 1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥2 +1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝐼𝐴 = − +‫׬‬ +‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 …………….(2)
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
Reemplazando (2) en (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝐼=‫׬‬ −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 + ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 ……..…(1)
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛2 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝑥2 +1
𝐼𝐴

𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝐼=‫׬‬ + −‫׬‬ −‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 +
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 +1 𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
𝑥𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑥
‫𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑔𝑟𝐴 ׬‬ℎ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥2 +1

𝑥 2 +1 𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−1 𝑥
𝐼= +𝑘 = +𝑘
𝐿𝑛 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑥

𝑥 2 +1 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ−1 𝑥
𝐼= +𝑘
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑥
Ejemplo
𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
Calcula: 𝑰 = ‫׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗 𝟐𝟗
Solución
𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙
𝑰= ‫׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ‫׬‬ 𝟑𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗 𝟐𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉 𝒙

𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙
𝑰= ‫׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ‫׬‬ 𝟑𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟗 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗 𝟐𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉 𝒙

𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
𝑰= ‫׬‬ + − ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙𝒅𝒙 …….……(1)
𝟗 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟒𝟕 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝟐𝟗
𝑰𝟏
𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 𝟗
𝑰𝟏 = ‫׬‬ ( + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙 =‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟒𝟓 𝒙(𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟐 𝒙
𝟐
𝟗
𝑰𝟏 = ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟒𝟓 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒙 = ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝟓𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬
𝟗

𝟐
𝑰𝟏 = ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝒖 𝒅𝒗
𝒖= 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙 → 𝒅𝒖 = −𝟑𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝟗
𝒅𝒗 = 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒙 →𝒗= − 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙
𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟎
𝟗 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
𝑰𝟏 = − 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙 − ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝟗 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄𝒙 𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄 ׬‬ …………………………………(2)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑰𝟐
 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝑰𝟐 = ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒅𝒙 = ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄 ׬‬
𝟗

𝒖 𝒅𝒗

𝒖 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 → 𝒅𝒖 = −𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝒙𝒅𝒙

𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟗
𝟗
𝒅𝒗 = 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒙 →𝒗= − 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙
𝟐𝟗

𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟖
𝟗 𝟗
𝑰𝟐 = − 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 − ‫𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 𝟗 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬ ………………………………………...(3)
𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟗
Reemplazando (3) en (2)

𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟎
𝟗 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
𝑰𝟏 = − 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙 − ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝟗 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄𝒙 𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄 ׬‬
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝑰𝟐
 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟖
𝟗 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝟗
𝑰𝟏 = − 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙 − (− 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 − ‫)𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 𝟗 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬ ..(4)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟗
Reemplazando (4) en (1)

𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
𝑰= ‫׬‬ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟕 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉−𝟒𝟓 𝒙𝒅𝒙 − ‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉𝟑𝟖 𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝟗 𝟐𝟗
𝑰𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗 𝟑𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝟗
𝑰 = (− 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙 − (− 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 − ‫))𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒙 𝟗 𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬
𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟕 𝟗
− ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙 𝟖𝟑𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬
𝟐𝟗
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟕
𝑰=− 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗
𝒙 + 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 +
𝟐𝟗
𝟑𝟖
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
‫׬‬ 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙𝒅𝒙 — ‫𝒙𝒅𝒙𝒉𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙 𝟖𝟑𝒉𝒈𝒕𝒄 ׬‬
𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟗

𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟕
𝑰= −𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝟑 𝒙𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙+ 𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒉 𝟗 𝒙𝒄𝒔𝒄𝒉𝒙 + 𝒌
𝟐𝟗