CE CORREL

PORTS AND HARBOR (A)

1. Harbors can be broadly classified as:

I. Natural Harbors
II. Semi-Natural Harbors
III. Artificial Harbors
IV. Commercial Harbors
a. I, II, and III only b. I, III, and IV only c. II, III, and IV only d. All of the Above

2. A port is a harbor in which terminal facilities are provided. The different types of ports are as follows:
I. Ocean Port
II. Inland Port
III. Entry Port
IV. Free Port
a. I, II, and III only b. I, III, and IV only c. II, III, and IV only d. All of the above

3. The harbor entrance should, if possible, be located on the ______ of the harbor.
a. Windward End b. Outer End c. Lee Side d. Inner End

4. Generally the width of the harbor entrance should be:

a. 30 m c. between 2 – 6 times the beam of the design ship
b. between 0.7 – 1.0 times the length of the design ship d. 50 m

5. The maximum current velocity through the harbor entrance should not exceed:
a. 2.5 m/s or 4 knots b. 1.5 m/s or 3 knots c. 3 m/s or 5 knots d. 1 m/s or 1.5 knots

6. The stopping distance of a ship will depend on factors such as ship speed, the displacement and shape of the hull, and horsepower
ratio. The stopping distance of a loaded ship:
a. 100 m c. 10 to 12 times the ship’s length
b. 150 m d. 7 to 8 times the ship’s length

7. When more than one ship has to be accommodated along the berth, a clearance length of ______ should be provided between
the adjacent ships.
a. 20 m c. 60 m
b. 40 m d. 0.1 times the length of the largest ship

8. For a single-berth pier, the clear water area between two piers should be _____ to allow for tugboat assistance.
a. 2 times the beam of the largest ship plus 30 m. c. 200 m
b. 2 times the beam of the largest ship plus 50 m. d. 2 times the length of the ship plus 30 m.

9. For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a berth is _____ for berths at 45 degrees.
a. 1.5 times the length of the ship c. 8 times the beam of the ship plus 30 m
b. 2 times the length of the ship d. 6 times the beam of the ship plus 180 m

10. For harbor basins, the width required to permit a ship to swing freely into a berth is _____ for berths at 90 degrees.
a. 1.5 times the length of the ship c. 8 times the beam of the ship plus 30 m
b. 2 times the length of the ship d. 6 times the beam of the ship plus 180 m

11. The safety distance between two moored tankers or moored tanker and a passing ship, will depend upon the overall layout of
the harbor, the number of tugboats assisting in the berthing or unberthing operation, the environmental conditions and the
population of in the area. The safety distance between a moored oil tanker and a passing ship shall be:
a. From 30 - 50 m b. From 50 – 150 m c. From 150 – 200 m d. From 50 – 100 m

12. The size of water area for anchorages will therefore primarily depend on the number, type and size of ships, which require
protection and the type of mooring system available. The water depth at an anchoring area should preferable not exceed
approximately _____ due to the length of the anchor chain of the ship. The bottom condition must not be too hard, otherwise the
anchor will be dragged along the bottom and not dig into the sea bottom.
a. 30 – 50 m b. 50 – 60 m c. 25 – 50 m d. 60 – 80 m
13. Waves continue to grow after they reach a velocity equal to ______ but at a decreasing rate. Energy losses from friction, transfer
of energy into currents and the development of white caps means the wave will not grow until the wave speed reaches the wind
speed. The wind speed is 146 kph.
a. 36.5 b. 48.67 c. 32.6 d. 46.87

14. The ratio of the wave length to its height for ocean waves is between:
a. 9 and 15 b. 17 and 33 c. 12 and 18 d. 20 and 34

15. A very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water generally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a
wide tide is called:
a. Seiche b. Shoal c. Ebb d. Skewd

16. Waves generated by storms, which occur outside area of observation.

a. Swells b. Shoal c. Skewd d. Ebb

17. An instrument use to measure the intensity of wind.

a. Buchanan’s Scale b. Fiboracci Scale c. Beuforts Scale d. Antwerp Scale

18. A wave generated in deep water, when reaching shoaling waters, changes not only in its height but also in its length but the
period will:
a. Remain Constant b. Increase c. Decrease d. None of the Above

19. An open water of navigable depth is called:

a. Shoal b. Skewd c. Significant Depth d. Fairway

20. Waves are formed by the frictional drag of wind across the water surface. This is a process of transferring energy from wind to
water. Water particles are moved from their position by the wind, and then returned to the original position by gravity, which is a
restoring force. These waves are called:
a. Deep Water Waves c. Gravity Waves
b. Significant Waves d. Equivalent Depth Water Waves

21. The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves is called:

a. Wave Decay b. Dynamic Pressure c. Rankine Active Pressure d. Clapotis

22. A change in the dissection of travel of the wave with change in depth of water which distributes wave energy along the seashore
unevenly is called:
a. Wave Refraction b. Wave Diffraction c. Wave Reflection d. Wave Frequency

23. Waves generated by wind that are acting on the sea surface bordering on the port site.
a. Wind Waves b. Ocean Waves c. Breaking Waves d. Depth Water Wave

24. Wind generated waves which are created in the deep ocean at some distance from the port site and the wind that created them
may be too distant to be felt in the port or may have stopped blowing or changed, its direction by the time the wave reach the port.
a. Swell Waves b. Seiching Waves c. Breaking Waves d. Wakes

25. Waves of this type have very long periods, typically from 30 sec up to the tidal period of 12 hr. 25 min. and are mostly found in
enclosed or semi-enclosed basins such as artificial port basins or bays.
a. Swell Waves b. Seiching Waves c. Breaking Waves d. Wakes

26. Waves created by large, sudden impacts, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, or landslides that ends up in the ocean.
a. Storm Surge b. Swell Waves c. Tsunamis d. Clapotis

27. Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wave length is greater than 0.5.
a. Intermediate Water Waves c. Shallow-Water Waves
b. Breaking Waves d. Deep Water Waves

28. Waves in which the ratio of water to depth to the wave length is less than 0.50 but greater than 0.40.
a. Intermediate Water Waves c. Shallow-Water Waves
b. Breaking Waves d. Deep Water Waves
29.Intermediate
a. Waves in which theWaves
Water ratio of water depth to the wave length is equalc.toShallow-Water
or less than 0.40.
Waves
b. Breaking Waves d. Significant Waves

30. Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the creast particles exceeds the velocity of propagation of the wave itself.
In deep water, this normally occurs when the wave length L is less than 7 times the wave height (L < 7H) and in shallow water when
the depth d is approximately equal to 1.25H (where H is the wave height).
a. Intermediate Waves b. Breaking Waves c. Shallow-Water Waves d. Significant Waves

31. The distance that the wind blows over sea in generating the waves is known as:
a. Clapotis b. Wakes c. Seiche d. Fetch

32. The ratio of the wave height to its wave length is called:
a. Wave Period b. Wave Propagation c. Slope d. Steepness

33. The arithmetical mean value of the highest, one-third of the waves for a stated interval.
a. Average Wave Height c. Significant Wave Height
b. Critical Wave Height d. Intermediate Wave Height

34. An abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by. This rise above normal level on this open coast is due to
atmospheric pressure reduction as well as due to wind stress
a. Hurricane b. Tsunamis c. Storm Surge d. Tornado

35. Waves with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large scale sea floor movements associated
severe, shallow focus earthquakes.
a. Significant Waves b. Tsunamis c. Storm Surge d. Deep Water Waves

36. The falling tide is known as:

a. Ebb Tide b. Flood Tide c. Neap Tide d. All of the Above

37. The horizontal extension of the generating area in the direction of the wind is called:
a. Trough b. Shoal c. Seiche d. Fetch

38. The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower water is called:
a. Diurnal Range b. Mean Sea Level c. Mean Range d. Residual Water Level

39. The highest tides which occur at intervals of half a lunar month is called:
a. Spring Tides b. Semi-Lunar Tides c. Semi-Diurnal Tides d. Ebb Tides

40. The datum line for design of port facilities in accordance with charts, which is being used by the Phil. Ports Authority (PPA).
a. MLLW b. LWL c. RWL d. HWL

41. The type of tide which will occur at or near the time when the moon is new or full that is when the sun, moon, and earth fall in
line and the tide generating forces of the moon and sun are additive.
a. Spring Tides b. Lunar Tides c. Diurnal Tides d. Ebb Tides

42. The PPA (Phil. Ports Authority) requires that water level that guarantees about water depth for safety of the ships berthing on a
certain ports and harbor, below the mean lower lo water should be equal to:
a. 0.15 m to 0.30 m b. 0.12 m to 0.40 m c. 0.15 m to 0.40 m d. 0.12 m to 0.50 m

43. When the lines connecting the earth with the sun and moon form a right angle, that is the moon is in her quarters, then the
actions of the moon and sun are subtractive, and the lowest tides of the month occurs, this is called:
a. Neap Tide b. Lunar Tide c. Diurnal Tide d. Ebb Tide

44. Owing to retardation of the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force, as the earth revolves daily around its axis and as the tide
tends to follow the direction of the moon, the highest tide for each location is not coincident with conjunction and opposition but
occurs at some constant time after new and full moon. This interval which may amount to as much as two and a half days is known
as:
a. Diunral Tide b. Lunar Tide c. Age of the Tide d. Semi-Diurnal Tide
45. Generally, the average interval between successive high tides, which is half the time between successive passages of the moon
across a given meridian is:
a. 12 hrs and 15 min b. 11 hrs and 45 min c. 12 hrs d. 12 hrs and 25 min

46. In many parts of the world, the high waters reach their greatest height and the low waters at the least height, soon after the
time of full and new moon. These tides are called:
a. Spring Tides b. Flood Tides c. Neap Tides d. Ebb Tides

47. The difference in height between high water and low water at a tidal station is called:
a. Diurnal Range b. Tidal Range c. Mean Range d. Extreme Range

48. When the daily high waters are usually at their least height and the daily low waters their greatest height soon after the moon is
in quandrature. This tides are called:
a. Neap Tides b. Spring Tides c. Flood Tides d. Ebb Tides

49. Waves formed by moving ship or boats are called:

a. Wakes b. Swell c. Breaking Waves d. Seiching

50. Waves formed by earthquake disturbances.

a. Storm Surge b. Breaking Waves c. Tsunamis d. Wakes

51. Waves formed by gravitational attraction of the sun and moon.

a. Seiching b. Swell c. Wakes d. Tides

52. The spread of energy along a wave crest is called:

a. Refraction b. Reflection c. Shoaling d. Diffraction

53. Waves under the influence of the winds that generated them are called:

a. Wakes b. Sea c. Swell d. Seiching

54. The bending of waves as they slow down.

a. Refraction b. Reflection c. Shoaling d. Diffraction

55. Waves that have propagated beyond the initial winds that generated them are called:
a. Wakes b. Shoal c. Swell d. Seiche

56. The distance that a wind blows across the water is called:
a. Off-Shore b. Shoal c. On-Shore d. Fetch

57. The time that a wind blows across the water is called:
a. Diffraction b. Refraction c. Period d. Duration

58. The average of the highest one-third of the waves are called:
a. Average Wave Height c. Significant Wave Height
b. Critical Wave Height d. Intermediate Wave Height

59. The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar month when the sun, moon, and earth fall in line.
a. Spring Tides b. Neap Tides c. Flood Tides d. Ebb Tides

60. The lowest tide of the month when the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon form a right triangle, that is when
the moon form a right triangle, that is when the moon is in its quarters are called:
a. Neap Tides b. Spring Tides c. Diurnal Tides d. Semi-Diurnal Tides

61. Tides that occur twice its lunar day is called:

a. Neap Tides b. Ebb Tides c. Diurnal Tides d. Semi-diurnal Tides

62. High crested waves caused by the rush of flood tide up a river or by meeting of tides are called:
a. Storm Surge b. Tidal Bores c. Swells d. Shoal

63. The circulation of masses of air more or less parallel to the earth’s surface.
a. Monsoon b. Wind c. Wind Pressure d. Breeze
64. Prevailing winds which are seasonal blowing in one direction over part of the year and in the opposite direction the remainder of
the year.
a. Monsoon c. Windward Side
b. Winds in Inter-tropical Zone d. Leeward Side

65. The side of a structure facing the direction from which the wind comes.
a. Forward Side b. Backward Side c. Windward Side d. Leeward Side

66. The opposite side of a structure facing the direction from which the wind comes.
a. Forward Side b. Backward Side c. Windward Side d. Leeward Side

67. The graphical representation of the direction, frequency, and intensity of winds at a particular location over a period of time is
known as:
a. Tropical Wind Gauge b. Wind Intensity Gauge c. Wind Rose d. Wind Index

68. A scale use to measure the intensity and force of winds.

a. Beaufort’s Scale b. Antwerp Scale c. Richter Scale d. Buchanan’s Scale

69. The periodic rise and fall of the ocean waters produced by the attraction of the moon and sun.
a. Ebb b. Wave c. Wake d. Tides

70. Tides which occurs only one high tide a day is called:
a. Neap Tides b. Spring Tides c. Diurnal Tides d. Semi-diurnal Tides

71. If one of the two daily tide is incomplete, that is it does not reach the height of the previous tide, then the tides are referred to
as:
a. Neap Tides b. Mixed Diurnal Tides c. Diurnal Tides d. Semi-diurnal Tides

72. The highest tides in the world where a rise of 100 ft has been recorded occur in:
a. Bay of Funday b. Miami, Florida c. San Francisco Bay d. Venice, Italy

73. The average height of water over a 19-year period is known as:

a. Mean Higher Water b. Higher High Water c. Highest High Water d. Mean High Water

74. The average height of the higher high waters over a 19-year period.
a. Mean Higher High Water c. Highest High Water
b. Higher High Water d. Mean High Water

75. Average of the low water over a 19-year period is called:

a. Lowest Low Water c. Mean Low Water
b. Lower Low Water d. Mean Lower Low Water

76. The higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide day.
a. Mean Higher High Water c. Highest High Water
b. Higher High Water d. Mean High Water

77. The lower of the two waters of any diurnal tide day.
a. Lowest Low Water c. Mean Low Water
b. Lower Low Water d. Mean Lower Low Water

78. The average height of the lower low waters over a 19-year period.
a. Lowest Low Water c. Mean Low Water
b. Lower Low Water d. Mean Lower Low Water

79. The highest height of water of spring tides.

a. Mean Higher High Water c. Highest High Water
b. Higher High Water d. Mean High Water

80. The lowest height of water of spring tides.

a. Lowest Low Water c. Mean Low Water
b. Lower Low Water d. Mean Lower Low Water
81. The height of the mean high water above mean low water.
a. Mean Higher High Water c. Mean Range
b. Higher High Water d. Mean High Water

82. The mean of the height of mean high water above the mean low water is referred to as:
a. Mean Sea Level b. Mean Lower Low Water c. Mean Range d. Mean High Water

83. The difference in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower low water.
a. Mean Sea Level b. Mean Lower Low Water c. Mean Range d. Diurnal Range

84. Regular occurrence at certain locations are high crested single or solitary type of wave caused by the rush of flood tide up in the
river or by the meeting of tides as in the Bay of Funday where the highest tide of 100 ft. is recorded in the world is referred to as:
a. Shallow Water Wave b. Deep Water Wave c. Solitary Wave d. Tidal Bore

85. A wave at a point where the water depth is equal to ½ of the wavelength or greater to be expressed in terms of the parameters
of significant wave.
a. Deep Water Wave c. Highest Wave
b. Equivalent Depth Water Wave Height d. Significant Wave

86. A hypothetical wave having a wave height and period equal respectively to average values of the wave height and period of the
largest 1/3 of all waves in the train as counted in the order of greater wave height.
a. Deep Water Wave c. Highest Wave
b. Equivalent Depth Water Wave Height d. Significant Wave

87. A maximum wave height and wave period of the maximum wave height in wave train.
a. Deep Water Wave c. Highest Wave
b. Equivalent Depth Water Wave Height d. Significant Wave

88. Waves which occur in water having a depth less than one half of the wave length and the influence of the bottom changes the
form or orbital motion from circular to elliptical or near-elliptical.
a. Shallow Water Wave b. Deep Water Wave c. Significant Wave d. Highest Wave

89. Waves break under the following conditions:

I. When the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of the propagation of the wave itself.
II. When the wave height exceeds (1/7) of the wave length in deep water.
III. When the wave reaches shallow water where the depth is equal to about one and one quarter of its height.
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. All of the Above

90. The length between two consecutive crests is called:

a. Wave Period b. Wave Length c. Wave Amplitude d. Frequency

91. The height between the trough and the crest of a wave is called:

a. Period b. Oscillation c. Amplitude d. Frequency

92. The wave from travels over the water surface and the time for two consecutive crests to pass a point is called:
a. Wave Period b. Oscillation c. Amplitude d. Frequency

93. The speed of the wave from which travels over the water surface for a certain wave period.
a. Steepness of Wave c. Instantaneous Velocity
b. Velocity of Wave Propagation d. Average Velocity of Wave

94. The water level that guarantees about 98% of tide is safe to ships seems to be suitable from the expression of the technical
resolution of the International Water Wave Congress. Such water level, which is 0.15m – 0.4m below MLLW should be used for
design of ports.
a. Design Low Tide (DLT) c. Residual Water Level (RWL)
b. Low Water Level (LWL) d. High Water Level (HWL)

95. Residual water level (RWL) for gravity type is expressed as:
a. 1/3 (HWL – LWL) + LWL b. 2/3 (HWL – LWL) + LWL c. 1/3 (HWL – LWL) d. 2/3 (HWL – LWL)

96. Residual water level (RWL) for sheets pile type is expressed as:
a. 1/3 (HWL – LWL) + LWL b. 2/3 (HWL – LWL) + LWL c. 1/3 (HWL – LWL) d. 2/3 (HWL – LWL)

97. Shape of the wave and wave speeds are governed by the displacement of water particles and the functions of the following
variables.
I. Wave Length
II. Water Depth
III. Wave Motion
IV. Wave Shoals
a. I and II only b. I, II, and III only c. III, and IV only d. All of the Above

98. The elevation of the crest above the through of the wave.
a. Wave Length b. Wave Shoals c. Wave Period d. Wave Height

99. The interval of time for two wave crests to pass the same position in space.
a. 2 seconds b. 3 seconds c. Period d. Frequency

100. Large waves (long period) can be generated only when the fetch (distance over which the wind blows) is large. Waves continue
to grow after they reach a velocity of _____ of the wind speed, but at a decreasing rate.
a. 2/3 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 3/4

101. The flow of energy along the wave crest in a direction at right angles to the direction of wave travel is called:
a. Reflection b. Refraction c. Deflection d. Diffraction

102. A type of wave where the depth is less than ½ of wave length but greater than 1/25 of the wave length.
a. Transitional Water Wave c. High Water Wave
b. Shallow Water Wave d. Deep Water Wave

103. A type of wave where the depth is less than 1/25 of wave length.
a. Transitional Water Wave c. High Water Wave
b. Shallow Water Wave d. Deep Water Wave

104. The highest point of the wave is called:

a. Wave Crest b. Wave Trough c. Wave Height d. Wave Length

105. The lowest point of the wave.

a. Wave Crest b. Wave Trough c. Wave Height d. Wave Length

106. The distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the wave.
a. Wave Crest b. Wave Trough c. Wave Height d. Wave Length

107. The vertical Distance of the wave crest and the wave trough.
a. Wave Crest b. Wave Trough c. Wave Height d. Wave Length

108. From the Sine Wave curve shown, what do you call the value of “L”?

a. Period of Wave b. Frequency of Wave c. Wave Height d. Wave Length

109. From the Sine Wave curve shown, what is the value of “h”?

a. Length of Wave Trough b. Still Water Depth c. Amplitude d. Height of Wave Trough
110. From the Sine Wave curve shown, what do you call the region x?

a. Crest Length Region b. Trough Length Region c. Transition Region d. Period

111. From the Sine Wave curve shown, what do you call the region y?

a. Crest Length Region b. Trough Length Region c. Transition Region d. Period

112. From the wave behavior, indicate what zone is covered by the distance “x”.

a. Deep Water Zone b. Shallow Zone c. Transition Zone d. Shoaling Zone

113. What zone is covered by the distance “y”?

a. Deep Water b. Shallow Zone c. Transition Zone d. Shoaling Zone

114. What zone is covered by the distance “z”?

a. Deep Water Zone b. Shallow Zone c. Transition Zone d. Shoaling Zone

115. The average height of the sea for all stages of the tide obtained from systematic observations of sea level at equal intervals over
a long period of time along a given coastline is called:
a. Mean Sea Level b. Mean Low Water c. Mean Lower Low Water d. Mean Ocean Level

116. The process of widening, enlarging, cleaning, or deepening of channels in harbors, rivers, and canals to maintain the idea depth
of berthing areas due to fast siltration rate is known as:
a. Disiltation b. Meandering c. Dredging d. Excavation

117. The periodic rise and fall of sea level in response to the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon as modified by the earth’s
rotation.
a. Rotational Tide b. Storm Surge c. Gravitational Tide d. Astronomical Tide

118. A phenomenom involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of
minuts. It occurs when small fluctuations of the water level are generated by micro scale variations of the atmospheric pressure by
an air front or a low pressure in the outer sea and the components of those oscillations whose period is the same as a natural period
of the harbor are amplified through resonance.
a. Seiche b. Storm Surge c. Tsunami d. Astronomical Tide
119. The flow of seawater in the horizontal direction that accompanies a tidal variation of sea level and is thus periodic.
a. Seiche b. Storm Surge c. Tsunami d. Tidal Wave

120. The time of rotation of the earth with respect to the moon and the planets, which is approximately 24 hours, and 59 minutes.
a. Highest Astronomical Tide c. Astronomical Tidal Day
b. Lowest Astronomical Tide d. Ebb Tidal Day

121. The chart datum for harbor works is generally the:

a. Lowest Observed Water Level c. Mean Tidal-High Water Level
b. Lowest Astronomical Tide d. Mean Tidal-Low Water Level

122. The rise of sea level due to the greenhouse effect between years 2000 and 2050 is assumed to be about:
a. 0.25 m to 0.30 m b. 0.12 m to 0.20 m c. 0.06 m to 0.20 m d. 0.16 m to 0.25 m

123. The rise and fall of the water level due to change in the atmospheric pressure is approximately equal to:
a. 0.90 cm rise or fall of the water level for 1 m bar fall or rise in atmospheric pressure.
b. 0.30 cm rise or fall of the water level for 1 m bar fall or rise in atmospheric pressure.
c. 0.25 cm rise or fall of the water level for 1 m bar fall or rise in atmospheric pressure.
d. 0.60 cm rise or fall of the water level for 1 m bar fall or rise in atmospheric pressure.

124. Wind generated waves but are created in the deep ocean at some distance from the port site and the wind that created them
may be too distance to be felt in the port and may have changed its direction by the time the waves reach the port.
a. Long Waves b. Wind Waves c. Seiching d. Swell

125. Waves, which have a very long period, typically from 30 sec up to the tidal period of 12 hr and 24 min. and are mostly found in
enclosed or semi-enclosed basins such as bays or port basins.
a. Ocean Waves b. Seiching c. Swell Waves d. Wind Waves

126. The regular periodic rise and fall of the surface of the seas, observable along their shores is called:
a. Wave b. Tide c. Period of Wave d. Current

127. The average height of all low waters at any place over a sufficiently extended period of time is called:
a. Spring Range b. Diurnal Range c. Extreme Range d. Mean Low Water

128. The tidal current setting into the bays and estuaries along the coast is called:
a. Ebb Current b. Lunitidal Current c. Flood Current d. Slack Water Current

129. The return toward the sea is called:

a. Ebb Current b. Lunitidal Current c. Flood Current d. Slack Water Current

130. The period during which the current is negligible while it is changing directions is called ______. It is the period during which the
current is less than 1/10 of a knot or less than 0.169 fps.
a. Turn of the Current b. Spring Water c. Diurnal Time d. Slack Water

131. The average time interval, in sola hours and minutes from a lunar transit to the next succeeding high water at a given place as
determined by an extended set of observations is called:

a. High Water Lunitidal Interval of the Place c. Higher High Water Interval
b. Upper Meridian Transit d. Higher Water Slack

132. The maximum height reached by each rising tide is called:

a. Trough b. Ebb c. High Water d. Crest

133. The maximum depression of the falling tide is called:

a. Trough b. Low Water c. Neap d. Ebb
134. The straight-line stretch of open water available for wave growth without the interruption of land is called:
a. Fetch b. Wave Length c. Neap d. Ebb

135. The interval of time between successive crests of the water waves passing a stationary point of reference is called:
a. Amplitude c. Wave Period
b. High-water Lunitidal Interval d. Lunitidal Period
136. A hypothetical wave height of deep-water wave corrected for the effects of submarine topographic changes such as refraction
and diffraction of wave but excluding wave shoaling and braking to be expressed in the significant wave height.
a. Deep-water Wave c. Highest Wave
b. Equivalent Deep-water Wave d. Significant Wave

137. The maximum value of significant wave height during a certain period is known as:
a. Maximum Wave Height c. H(1/10) Significant Wave Height
b. Highest Wave Height d. H(1/3) Significant Wave Height

138. The size of waves resulting from the energy transfer is governed by the following factors:
I. Velocity of the Wind
II. Fetch or Distance Over Which the Wind Blows
III. Duration of Time that the Wind Blows
IV. Frequency of Wave Action
a. I, II, and III only b. I, II, and IV only c. II, III, and IV only d. All of the Above

139. Waves continue to grow after they reach a velocity equal to ______ of the wind speed but at a decreasing rate. Energy losses
from friction, transfer of energy into currents and the development of white caps means the wave will not grow until the wave
speed reaches the wind speed.
a. 2/3 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 3/4

140. When waves enter a shallow water:

I. Wave Speed Decreases
II. Wave Length Decreases
III. Wave Speed Increases
IV. Wave Height Increases
V. Wave Length Increases
VI. Wave Period does not Change
a. I, II, IV, and VI only b. III, IV, V, and VI only c. I, II, and IV only d. II, III, and VI only

141. Give the different types of breaking waves.

I. Spilling Breaker
II. plunging Breaker
III. Heaving Breaker
IV. Collapsing Breaker
V. Pitching Breaker
VI. Surging Breaker
a. I, II, III and IV only b. II, IV, V, and VI only c. I, II, IV, and VI only d. III, V, and VI only

142. A term used to describe a marine structure for the mooring or tying up of vessels, for loading and unloading cargo or for
embarking and disembarking passengers.
a. Dock b. Pier c. Wharf d. All of the Above

143. A dock which is parallel to the shore, which can be used for docking on one side only
a. Bulkhead b. Pier c. Wharf d. Jetty

144. A dock which projects into the water, which may be used on docking for both sides.
a. Bulkhead b. Pier c. Wharf d. Breakwater

145. An artificial basin for vessels when the basin is pumped out.
a. Dry Dock b. Wet Dock c. Quay d. Jetty

146. A dock which is similar to a wharf and often referred to as such, is backup by ground as it derives its name from the very nature
or supporting ground in the back of it.
a. Bulkhead b. Groin c. Jetty d. Breakwater
147. Marine structures for mooring vessels.
a. Dolphins b. Groin c. Jetty d. Breakwater

148. Type of dolphins which are designed to take the impact of the ship when docking and to hold the ship against a broadside wind.
Therefore, they are provided with fenders to absorbed the impact of the ship and to protect the dolphin and the ship from damage.
a. Breasting Dolphins b. Mooring Dolphins c. Fixed Mooring Berth d. Bollards

149. Type of dolphins which are not designed for the impact of the ship, as they located in the back of the face of the dock where
they will not be hit. They are located about 45 degrees off the bow and stern.
a. Breasting Dolphins b. Mooring Dolphins c. Fixed Mooring Berth d. Bollards

150. A marine structure consisting of dolphins for tying up the ship and a platform for supporting the cargo handling equipment.
a. Breasting Dolphins b. Mooring Dolphins c. Fixed Mooring Berth d. Bollards

151. A breakwater is a structure constructed for the purpose of forming an artificial harbor with a water area so protected from the
effect of sea waves as to provide safe accommodations for shipping. When a breakwater supports a roadway, this is called:
a. Quay b. Pier c. Mole d. Jetty

152. At a small quay where the mooring ropes may not be pulled upward, then what type of ballards are used?

a. Single Mooring Bitt b. Tee-Head Shape c. Sloping Lobe d. Single Pillar Type

153. The mooring fitting for mooring ships during a storm installed at the outside or outside/inside of the berth far from the water
line is called:
a. Bitt b. Bollard c. Cleat d. Closed Chock

154. The mooring fitting for mooring sips during a storm installed close to the water line of the berth.
a. Bitt b. Bollard c. Cleat d. Closed Chock

155. A type of mooring bollard which is suitable for warping ships along berths a single pillar type is used with lines from one ship
only. General mooring application when rope angle is not steep. It has a normal max. working capacity of 200 tons.
a. Single and Double Pillar b. Tee-Head c. Sloping Lobe d. None of the above

156. A type of mooring bollard where all general mooring applications including steep rope angles. Any one bollard should
preferably be allocated to lines from one ship only. It has a normal maximum working capacity of 150 tons.
a. Single and Double Pillar b. Tee-Head c. Sloping Lobe d. None of the Above

157. A type of mooring bollard where all general mooring applications including steep rope angles and lines from two ships may be
attached without interference. It has a normal max. capacity of 200 tons.
a. Single and Double Pillar b. Tee-Head c. Sloping Lobe d. None of the Above

158. The structure that protects the harbor from stormy waves an permits calm in the harbor is called:
a. Dock b. Wharf c. Breakwater d. Jetty

159. A solid structure, which projects into the sea perpendicular to the shore to berth vessels, is called:

a. Dock b. Wharf c. Breakwater d. Jetty

160. A platform built in the harbor parallel to the shore and backed up by ground is called:
a. Dock b. Wharf c. Quay d. Jetty

161. A platform built parallel to the shore or breakwater within the harbor to berth vessels is called:

a. Dock b. Wharf c. Quay d. Jetty

162. A rubble mound and or a concrete structure that protects the harbor area from wave action.
a. Groin b. Bulkhead c. Breakwater d. Jetty

163. A structure for retaining or to prevent earth or fill from sliding into water.
a. Breasting Dolphin b. Bulkhead c. Breakwater d. Berth Structure

164. The physical configuration of the seabed, the measurements of depths of water in the ocean, etc. and also information derived
from such measurement.
a. Bathymetry b. Oceanography c. Hydrology d. Fathomology

167. A vertical post to which the eye of a mooring line can be attached.
a. Bollard b. Dolphin c. Gravity Wall d. Tetrapods
168. A shore protection structure usually built perpendicular to the coastline to retard littoral transport of sedimentary materials.
a. Groin b. Bulkhead c. Breakwater d. Jetty

169. A berth structure which projects out into the water from the shore, or a berth structure at some distance from the shoreline is
called:

a. Groin b. Bulkhead c. Breakwater d. Jetty

170. A berth structure projecting out from the shoreline.

a. Groin b. Wharf c. Breakwater d. Pier

171. A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and
anchorage places.
a. Port b. Harbor c. Basin d. Quay

172. A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo. It includes the harbor with its approach channels and
anchorage places.
a. Groin b. Quay c. Breakwater d. Jetty

173. A platform or deck structure built below the top deck level and supported on bearing piles. The main function of the platform is
to reduce the lateral soil pressure over the upper portion of the sheet wall.
a. Sea Wall b. Quay c. Relieving Platform d. Revetment

174. A berth structure with no direct connection to the shore, at which the ship can berth. Berthing can take place on either one or
both sides of the structure.
a. Sea Island b. Relieving Platform c. Breakwater d. Revetment

175. A berth structure with no direct connection to the shore, at which the ship can berth. Berthing can take place on either one or
both sides of the structure.
a. Sea Island b. Relieving Platform c. Breakwater d. Revetment

176. For ships above 40,000 ton displacement, the surge should not exceed:
a. 1.0 m b. 0.7 m c. 0.8 m d. 1.2 m

177. For ships above 40,000 ton displacement, the yaw should not exceed:
a. 1.0 m b. 0.5 m c. 0.8 m d. 1.2 m

178. The maximum distance from the water level to the highest point of the ship at the prevailing draft.
a. Airdraft b. Scantling Draft c. Designed Draft d. Ballast Displacement

179. The draft for which the structural strength of the ship has been designed.
a. Air Draft b. Scantling Draft c. Designed Draft d. Trim Draft

180. The draft for which the fundamental design parameters of the ship are based.
a. Air Draft b. Scantling Draft c. Designed Draft d. Trim Draft

181. The reduction of under keel clearance due to the suction effect induced by the higher current velocity between the sea bottom
and the ship.
a. Squat b. Trim c. Aft d. Keel

182. The difference between the aft and the forward draft.
a. Trim b. Bow c. Stern d. Astern
183. The point at the backend of the ship is called:
a. Trim b. Bow c. Stern d. Astern

184. The point at the front end of a ship is called:

a. Portside b. Bow c. Stern d. Starboard

185. The distance from the stern to the midships.

a. Forward b. Bow c. Aster d. Aft

186. The backward motion of a ship is called:

a. Ahead b. Bow c. Astern d. Aft

187. The right side of the ship when facing towards the bow of the ship is called:

a. Portside b. Aft c. Astern d. Starboard Side

188. A littoral drift that moves by tumbling, sliding, or bouncing along the surface of the sea floor through the direct action of waves
and currents.
a. Offshore Sediment b. On-shore Sediment c. Suspended Sediment d. Bed Load Sediment

189. Refers to the sedimentary material moved in the littoral zone under action of wave and current.
a. Littoral Transport b. Littoral Drift c. Long Shore Transport d. On-shore Transport

190. The movement of littoral drift.

a. Littoral Transport b. Foreshore c. Offshore d. In-shore

191. The movement of littoral drift parallel to the shore.

a. Foreshore Transport b. Off-Shore Transport c. Long Shore Transport d. On-shore Transport

192. The movement of littoral drift perpendicular to the shore.

a. Foreshore Transport b. Off-shore Transport c. Long Shore Transport d. On-Shore Transport

193. A littoral drift that moves as a layer of high-density flow near the bed surface.
a. Sheet Flow b. On-shore Sediment c. Suspended Sediment d. Bed Load Sediment

194. Shallow-water zone are classified into the following regions:

I. Offshore Zone
II. Surf Zone
III. Swash Zone
IV. On-Shore Zone
a. I, II, and III only b. I, II, and IV only c. I, III, and IV only d. All of the Above

195. The region of shallow-water zone where high-density suspension of sediment is formed by severe agitation and action of large-
scale vortices that are generated by the breakers.
a. Offshore Zone b. Surf Zone c. Swash Zone d. On-Shore Zone

196. The regions of shallow-water zone wherein which in order for sand to be moved by the action of fluid motion (oscillatory
movement) the current velocity of the fluid must exceed a certain value. This condition is generally called the threshold of
movement.
a. Offshore Zone b. Surf Zone c. Swash Zone d. On-shore Zone

197. The region of shallow-water zone where the sand movement differs for the times of wave run up and down flow. During the
time of wave run-up sand is put in suspension by the agitation at the front of a wave and transported by the running-up water.
a. Offshore Zone b. Surf Zone c. Swash Zone d. On-shore Zone

198. Long shore sediment moves in either left or right along a coast, corresponding to the direction of incoming waves. The direction
with the larger volume of movement during a year is called:

a. Predominant Direction b. Long Shore Direction c. Off Shore Direction d. On Shore Direction
199. The zone from low tide shoreline to the location of the upper limit of wave wash at high tide is called:

a. On Shore b. Inshore c. Backshore d. Foreshore

200. The zone from landward boundary of foreshore to the coastline, where waves will reach during stormy weather is called:

a. On Shore b. Inshore c. Backshore d. Foreshore

201. The area on the ocean side where waves do not break normally. In many cases, the bottom slope is comparatively gentle is
called:

a. On shore b. Long shore c. Offshore d. Foreshore

202. The area between the offshore and the low tide shoreline, where waves break and long shore bars or steps are formed is called:

a. On Shore b. Inshore c. Backsore d. Foreshore

203. When a model beach is constructed with natural sand in a wave channel exposed to waves over a long period of time, the
beach profile will approach an equilibrium condition corresponding to the waves acting upon it. This equilibrium condition of the
beach is classified into two types.
a. Step Type Beach and Bar Type Beach c. Bar Type Beach and Shallow Type Beach
b. Step Type Beach and Shallow Type Beach d. Shallow Type Beach and Trough Type Beach

204. The movement in the horizontal plane of a ship moving forward or backward at sea under the impact of current, waves, and
wind gusts moving is called:

a. Pitch b. Surge c. Sway d. Yaw

205. The movement in the horizontal plane of a ship which tends to rotate the ship about its vertical axis due to impact of current,
waves and wind gusts is called:

a. Pitch b. Surge c. Sway d. Yaw

206. The movement in the vertical plane of a ship, which tends to move it up and down due to impact of current, waves, and wind
gusts is called:

a. Pitch b. Surge c. Heave d. Roll

207. The movement in the vertical plane of a ship, which tends to rotate the ship about its transverse axis due to the impact of
current, waves, and wind gusts, is called:

a. Pitch b. Surge c. Heave d. Roll

208. The motion, which cause the ship to rotate about the vertical axis of the boat, which is caused by seawater waves
a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Surging d. Heaving

209. The horizontal motion of the ship along its longitudinal axis is caused by seawater waves is known as:

a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Surging d. Heaving

210. The vertical motion of the ship up and down caused by seawater waves is known as:

a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Surging d. Heaving

211. The motion of the ship, which tends to rotate the ship about its longitudinal axis due to seawater waves is known as:

a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Rolling d. Heaving

212. The motion of the ship, which tends to rotate the ship about its traverse axis caused by the seawater waves is known as:

a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Rolling d. Heaving

213. The motion of the ship, which tends to move horizontally on its sides caused by the seawater waves is called:
a. Yawning b. Pitching c. Swaying d. Heaving