AIBLINGER AIE 57

soldier until the close of the disastrous Italian years to Rome to himself in music.
perfect
campaign in 1859, when he returned to his He died Jan. 1628.
21, In the preface to
musical studies. Art was certainly the gainer his 'Sacrae Cantiones' (Venice, 1590), he praises
by his return. In due time he became a soloist the music of Gabrieli ; and his works, both in
of repute, and violinist in the much- frequented this collection and in that of 1603, also betray
Trio Concerts given by him in conjunction with the influence of the Venetian school. They are
Barth the pianist and Hausmann the violon- among the best German music of that time,
cellist but he is chiefly known to fame as
; bearing marks of real genius and are superior
;

second violin in the Joachim Quartet, a position to those of his contemporary, the learned Gallus,
for which he was not only fitted by refinement or Handl. Amongst the most remarkable are
of style, and musical knowledge, but also by a 'Ubi est frater,' and 'Assumpta est Maria,'
his quite remarkable faculty of playing up to both for three voices ; an ' Adoramus for four ; '

the leader. It is said that, in parallel passages, and an Intonuit de coelo for six voices,
'
' the last
it was at times difficult to discern which of the printed in the Florilegium Pmiense. A Litany,
two was playing. Amongst the posts held by a Stabat Mater, and various motets of his are
him at Berlin were that of leader of the Royal printed in Proske's ' Musica Divina, and ' a motet
orchestra and professor at the Hochschule under for six voices in Commer's '
Musica Sacra. ' A
Joachim. He died in Berlin, Nov. 1, 1892. complete list is in the Quellen-Lexikon. r. G.
His sister, Eleanora de Ahna, was a dramatic AIDA. Grand opera in four acts ; libretto by
singer of great promise, fulfilling mezzo-soprano Antonio Ghislanzoni, music by Verdi. Com-
r61e3 at the court opera. Born Jan. 8, 1838, missioned by the Viceroy of Egypt for the
she died at the early age of twenty-seven, on opera-house at Cairo, and produced there Dec.
May 10, 1865. w. w. c. 24, 1871. The first European performance took
AIBLINGER, Johann Caspab, born at place at MUan, Feb.
8, 1872 and on June 22,
;

Wasserburg in Bavaria, Feb. 23, 1779. His
compositions are much esteemed, and performed
in the Catholic churches of South Germany. In
1808 he went to Italy, and studied eight years
at Vicenza, after which he settled at Venice,
where in conjunction with the Abate Gregorio
Trentino he founded the Odeon Institution
'
' and of the TheS,tre Fran^ais, on the retirement
for the practice of classical works. In 1819 he
was recalled to his native country by the king,
wrote two ballets, and was appointed capell-
meister of the Italian Opera at Munich, until
1823, when he conducted the court music. In
1833, however, he returned to Italy, and resided
at Bergamo, occupying himself in the collection
of ancient classical music, which is now in the
Staatsbibliothek at Munich. His whole efforts
to the end of his life were directed to the
performance of classical vocal music in the
AUerheiligenkapelle at Munich, erected in
1826. His single attempt at dramatic com-
position was an opera, 'Rodrigo e Chimene,'
1821, which was not suocessM. The bravura
airs Mme. Sohechner and for Pellegrini
for
were much liked, but the jpieoe showed no
depth of invention. In church music, however,
he was remarkably happy his compositions
; duration, and the phrases bear some recognis-
in this department are in the free style of his
time, written with great skill, and full of
religious feeling, tuneful, agreeable, and easy
melody, and exactly suited to small church
choirs. They consist of masses, some requiems,
graduals, litanies, and psalms, with accompani-
ments for orchestra and organ, published at
Munich, Augsburg, and Paris (Schott). Aib-
linger died May 6, 1867. c. f. p.
AICHINGER, Geegob. Born about 1565
took holy orders, and in 1584 entered the
service of Freiherr Jacob Fugger at Augsburg
as organist. In 1599 he paid a visit of two
1876, was given at Covent Garden.
it M.
AIMON, Pamphile Leopold Franqois, vio-
loncellist and composer, born at L'Isle, near
Avignon, Oct. 4, 1779; conducted the orchestra
of the theatre in Marseilles when only seventeen,
that of the Gymnase Dramatique in Paris 1821,
of Baudron, 1822. Of his seven operas only
two were performed, the 'Jeux Floraux' (1818),
and 'Michel et Christine' (1821), the last with
great success. A third, 'Les Sybarites,' was
published inl831. He also composed numerous
string quartets, trios, and duos (Paris and
Lyons), and was the author of ConTmissances pri-
liminaires de L'Harmonie, and other treatises.
He died in Paris, Feb. 2, 1866. M. c. o.
AIR (Ital. aria ; Fr. air ; Germ. Arie, from
the Latin aer, the lower atmosphere ; or (Bra,
a given number, an epoch, or period of time).
In a general sense air, from the element whose
vibration is the cause of music, has come to
mean that particular kind of music which is
independent of harmony. In common parlance
air is rhythmical melody — any melody or kind
of melody of which the feet are of the same
able proportion one to another. In the 16th
and 17th centuries air represented popularly a
cheerful strain. The English word glee, now
exclusively applied to a particular kind of
musical composition, is derived from the A.S.
gligge, in its primitive sense simply music.
Technically an air is a composition for a single
voice or any monophonous instrument, accom-
panied by other voices or by instruments.
;
About the beginning of the 17th century many
part-songs were written, differing from those
of the preceding century in many important
particulars, but chiefiy in the fact of their