CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes reviews on foreign and local studies and literatures.

Foreign Study

In college, stress is one of the most unavoidable thing that every student needs to face, because college
requires a whole new type of adjustment that can easily burn out any student, thus, can result to many
mental health problem like anxiety or worse, depression. Despite this fact, stress, depression and
anxiety are prevailing mental health problems among college students [ CITATION Kit03 \l 13321 ];
[ CITATION Mar18 \l 13321 ]. Some adjustments that are needed can be educational, social,
environmental and psychological adjustments which can be very difficult especially to those who can’t
properly manage their stress because of the new atmosphere which can affect their psychosocial well-
being and learning outcomes. These happen because college education system is vastly different than
high school or what students are accustomed to before college; different people from different places
and culture, different teachers with very different method of teaching, different requirements, types of
relationships between faculties and even students as well. [ CITATION Tha12 \l 13321 ]. To be direct,
stress is really a part of every college student’s life because they need to ensure their academic survival.
Now stress is not always bad, it can be healthy as well only if students learn the right way to respond to
stress by mobilizing their energy towards the stressor [ CITATION Kha15 \l 13321 ]But with that being
said, note that there is a certain level of stress essential for students that way they can be motivated to
progress academically, for example; exam or academic workload may motivate a student to aim for a
higher grade. But if the student fails to find the right coping mechanism to handle the stress, their stress
can persist overtime and may result to higher chances of developing physical and mental problems
[ CITATION Aue98 \l 13321 ]

Foreign Literature

Education is very important not only for a single beneficiary, but for the progress of the nation as a
whole. It is essential for students to develop a healthy psychological and physiological well-being. Some
factors that can hinder academic excellence or progress includes stress, anxiety, fear, trauma,
depression or physical health problem[CITATION DrR18 \l 13321 ]. Nutritious diet and exercise, keeping
a calm nature and a positive outlook towards studying can produce a healthy psychological and
physiological state. [ CITATION Sri16 \l 13321 ]. Time management is an important skill as students often
have busy schedules and tasks they need to fulfill. Lack of provisions can also cause problems that can
greatly affect the student's academic performance. [ CITATION DrR18 \l 13321 ] Overall the literature
states that students must be well-kept on different aspects to ensure a positive academic progress.
Students have busy schedules that should be managed. Psychological and physiological aspects are also
stated. On emphasis to the psychological aspect, it stated that students experience stress and concluded
that it is a hindrance to the student's academic performance and other aspect of the student's life.

Local Study

Stress is any event or circumstances that strains or exceeds an individual ability to cope [ CITATION
Blo05 \l 13321 ]. Stress becomes the barrier on being a productive individual, it forbids us to act, think
and do things normally. Every college student is bombarded with different task which is the cause of
stresses. The common causes are their academic subject, requirements and projects, oral and written
examination, announced or announced quizzes and graded recitation, finances, instructors, parent’s
expectations and etc. Attending school is included because of the pressure that students encounter and
it adversely affect the overall adaptation of a student. Stress is a lifetime crisis and no one is free from it.

Stress is a biochemical response by the body to a threatening situation [ CITATION Ell90 \l 13321 ].
When the human body is stressed the muscles tense up and it is one of the ways of the body on
guarding against injury and pain.

This study concluded that the source of stress of college students are because of school related
activities. The common cause of the stress of male college students is because of quizzes/examination,
school requirements/project and recitations while in female the stressors are the quizzes and
examination. The effect of this stress results is having sleepless nights or insomnia for both male and
female college students. [ CITATION Gen15 \l 13321 ]

Local Literature

People are exposed to stressors on a daily basis. It may even come from the routines done in everyday
lives. Even studying and working can contribute to stress. In fact, it can be the main stressor for some
people. Stress can lead to lack of time management. In regards to studying, it may manifest on problems
with regards to academics. But it can be solved through early identification and effective intervention.

Examinations are really stressful for students. Many students will start cramming and it may interfere
with storing memory and in recalling it. But the stress can be lessened through studying lesson
thoroughly. It will also be nice for universities to have a time for relaxation to relieve stress from
studying. Universities have to remember that students do not only deal with their academics, they have
personal lives as well. Some of the students even had to go far away from their hometown and live away
from their families in order to study in their chosen university. Aside from stress, these students may
also develop separation anxieties and other disorders caused by stress and feeling of isolation.
[ CITATION Jen18 \l 13321 ]

Bibliography
 Journal Articles

Auerbach, M. &. (1998). Stress Management: Psychological Foundations.

Blona, R. (2005). Coping with Stress in a Changing World.

Dawson, J. (2018, June 26). metrosebu.news. Retrieved from

https://metrocebu.news/2018/06/studying-cited-as-top-cause-of-stress-among-filipinos/

Ellison, L. (1990). Education Management for the 1990s.

Generozo N. Mazo, P. D. (2015). Causes, Effects of Stress, and the Coping Mechanisms of Political
Science Students in a Philippine University. International Journal of Education and Research.

Kapur, D. R. (2018). Factors Influencing the Students Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in
India.

Khan, Z. L. (2015). The Level of Stress in Male and Female School. Students Journal of Education and
Practice.

Kitzrow, M. A. (2003). The Mental Helath Needs of Today's College Students: Challenges and
Recommendations. NASPA Journal.

Marthoenis, M. I. (2018). Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among College Students Living in a
Disaster Prone Region. Alexandria Journal of Medicine.

Srinivas, P. &. (2016). Factoors Affecting Scholastic Performance in School Children. IOSR Journal of
Dental and Medicinal Sciences, 47-53.

Thawabieh, A. M. (2012). Assessing Stress Among University Students. American International Journal of
Contemporary Research.

Internet Sources

https://metrocebu.news/2018/06/studying-cited-as-top-cause-of-stress-among-filipinos/