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UNIT I – INTRODUCTION
Part-A(2-Marks)
1. What is meant by finite element analysis?
2. Name any four applications of FEA.
3. What is the concept of matrix algebra and in what way it is used in FEA?
4. Briefly explain Gaussion elimination method.
5. Why polynomial type interpolation functions are preferred over trigonometric functions?
6. What is meant by ‘descretization’?
7. List out the various weighted-residual methods.
8. Define the concept of potential energy.
9. List out any four advantages of using FEA.
10. What is the need for FEA?
Part-B(16-Marks)
1. A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span.
Determine the bending moment and deflection at the mid span using Rayleigh-Ritz method
and compare with exact solution. Use a two term trial function y= a1sin(πx/l)+ a2sin(3πx/l)
2. A beam AB of span ‘l’ simply supported at the ends and carrying a concentrated load
‘W’ at the centre ‘C’ as shown in figure 1.2. Determine the deflection at the mid span by
using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution. Use a suitable one term
trigonometric trial function.
3. A simply supported beam is subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span and it is
subjected to a point load at the centre of the span. Calculate the bending moment and
deflection at the mid span using Rayleigh-Ritz method and compare with exact solution.
4. The following differential equation is available for a physical phenomenon.
d2y/dx2 + 50 = 0,0<x<10
The trial function is, y=ax(10-x) . The boundary conditions are y(0)=0 and y(10)=0
Find the value of the parameter ‘a’ by (i) Point collocation method (ii) Sub-domain
collocation method (iii) Least squares method (iv) Galerkin’s method
5. Explain the process of discretization in detail.
6. Explain the steps involved in FEA.
Part-B(16-Marks)
1. Derive the stiffness matrix of a 2-D truss element
2. Derive the shape functions for a 2-D beam element
3. Derive the shape functions for a 2 noded beam element and a 3 noded bar element
4. Derive the stiffness matrix of a 3 noded bar element using the principle of potential energy
5. Calculate the nodal displacements and forces for the bar loaded as shown in figure.
6. A stepped bar is subjected to an axial load of 200 KN at the place of change of cross section
and material as shown in figure 2.5. Find (a) The nodal displacements (b) the reaction forces
(c) the induced stresses in each material
8. Consider a 4-bar truss as shown in figure 2.7. It is given that E = 200 GPa and A= 500 mm2 for
all the elements. Determine (a) Nodal displacements (b) Support reactions (c) Element
stresses.
2. Calculate the element stiffness matrix and thermal force vector for the plane stress element
shown in figure. The element experiences a rise of 10°C.
7. For the plane stress element shown in figure 3.7. Evaluate the stiffness matrix. Assume E =
210 X 103 N/mm2 , poisson’s ratio µ=0.25 and element thickness t=10mm. The coordinates
are given in millimeters.
Part-B (16-Marks)
1. Derive the shape functions for an axisymmetric triangular element
2. Derive an expression for the strain-displacement matrix for an axisymmetric triangular
element
3. For the axisymmetric element shown in figure 4.3, determine the stiffness matrix. Let E =
2.1X105 MN/m2 and µ=0.25. The coordinates are in mm.
4. Determine the element strains for an axisymmetric triangular element shown in figure 4.4.
The nodal displacements are u 1= 0.001, u2= 0.002, u3= - 0.003, w1= 0.002, w2= 0.001,
w3=0.004. All dimensions are in cm.
5. The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element at its three nodes are (r1 , z1)=
(30,10), (r2 , z2) = (50,10), (r3 , z3) = (40,60). Determine the strain displacement matrix for
7. Derive the expression for the stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric shell element
Part-A (2-Marks)
1. What is an ‘Iso-parametric element’?
2. Differentiate between Iso-parametric, super parametric and sub parametric elements.
3. Write down the shape functions for 4-noded linear quadrilateral element using natural
coordinate system.
4. What is a 'Jacobian transformation'?
5. What are higher order elements?
6. What is meant by iso-parametric formulation?
7. What are the advantages of 'Gaussian quadrature' numerical integration for iso-parametric
elements?
8. How do you calculate the number of Gaussian points in Gaussian quadrature method?
9. Find out the number Gaussian points to be considered for ∫ (x 4+3x3-x) dx.
Part-B (16-Marks)
1. Derive the stiffness matrix for a linear isoparametric element.
2. Establish the strain displacement matrix for the linear quadrilateral element as shown in
figure at Gauss point r= 0.57735 and s= -0.57735