The Great Depression was the worst economic disaster in U.S.

history in terms of declines in real

GDP and increases in the unemployment rate. Use the data in the following table to calculate the
percentage decline in real GDP between 1929 and 1933:

Calculating inflation rates for categories of goods and services in the CPI market basket (see
page 673) can provide insight into inflation in different sectors of the economy. Go to the Web
site of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED) (research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/). a. Find the
most recent values and values

Use the following graph to answer the questions. a. With the shift in the demand curve for loan
able funds, what happens to the equilibrium real interest rate and the equilibrium quantity of loan
able funds? b. How can the equilibrium quantity of loan able funds increase when the real
interest rate increases? Doesn't

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Consider a simple economy that produces only three products: haircuts, hamburgers, and Blu-
rays. Use the information in the following table to calculate the inflation rate for 2016, as
measured by the CPI.

Suppose the CPI of a country follows the path shown in the following figure. a. During which
period did the country experience zero inflation? b. During which period did the country
experience an increasing rate of inflation? c. During which period did the country experience a
slowdown in inflation, although the inf

What potential biases exist in calculating the CPI? What steps has the Bureau of Labor Statistics
taken to reduce the size of the biases?

What is the difference between the household survey and the establishment survey? Which
survey does many economists?

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a. Find the values for the most recent quarter and the values for the same quarter one year ago for
nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Real Gross Domestic Product (GDPC1). b. Use
these values to calculate the GDP price deflator for the most recent quarter and the GDP price
deflator for the quarter one year ago.

Which price index does the government use to measure changes in the cost of living?

In early 2015, the employment-population ratio was increasing while the labor force
participation rate remained largely unchanged. Shouldn't both of these data series move in the
same direction? Briefly explain how it is possible that they didn't.
Go to the Web site of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED)
(research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/). a. Find the value for the most recent month and for the same
month two years earlier for the Civilian Unemployment Rate (UNRATE) and the Natural Rate of
Unemployment (NROU). b. Using the values you found in part (a),

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In its annual report for 2009, Corning noted declines in sales for most of its products. But it also
said that these declines were "offset somewhat by an increase in sales of Gorilla glass, a
protective cover glass that is optimized for portable display devices. Sales of Gorilla glass have
continued to increase as the

Ford Motor Company employed fewer people in 2015 than it did in 1980. Is this decline in
employment frictional, structural, cyclical, or some combination of these factors? What
information would you need to arrive at a definite answer?

By how much did real GDP per capita increase in the United States between 1900 and 2014?
Discuss whether the increase in real GDP per capita is likely to be greater or smaller than the true
increase in living standards.

The table on the next page shows the top 10 films of all time through July 2015, measured by
box office receipts in the United States, as well as several other notable films farther down the
list. The CPI in 2015 was 238. Use this information and the data in the table to calculate the box
office receipts for each film

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Fill in the blank cells in the following table of data collected in the household survey for June
2015: Working-age population Employment ....................................... 148,739,000
Unemployment Unemployment rate ............................... 5.3% Labor force Labor force
participation rate .............

Which groups tend to have above-average unemployment rates, and which groups tend to have
below-average unemployment rates?

Use the information in the following table to determine the percentage changes in the U.S. and
French real minimum wages between 1957 and 2014. Does it matter for your answer that you
have not been told the base year for the U.S. CPI or the French CPI? Was the percentage increase
in the price level greater in the Unite

The Standard & Poor's/Case-Shiller Home Price Index is one of the leading indicators of housing
price trends in the United States. The base year for the index is January 2000. The following
table lists index numbers for April 2014 and April 2015 for five cities. a. In which of these five
cities did housing prices incr
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India's labor force has been gradually shifting out of the low-productivity agricultural sector into
the higher-productivity service and industrial sectors. a. Briefly explain how this shift is affecting
India's real GDP per capita. b. Is this shift likely to result in continuing increases in India's
growth rate in c

Suppose James and Frank both retire this year. For income during retirement, James will rely on
a pension from his company that pays him a fixed $2,500 per month for as long as he lives.
James hasn't saved anything for retirement. Frank has no pension but has saved a considerable
amount, which he has invested in certi

As discussed in this chapter, real GDP per capita in the United States grew from about $6,000 in
1900 to about $50,010 in 2014, which represents an average annual growth rate of 1.9 percent. If
the U.S. economy continues to grow at this rate, how many years will it take for real GDP per
capita to double? If government

Describing the situation in England in 1920, the historian Robert Skidelsky wrote the following:
"Who would not borrow at 4 percent a year, with prices going up 4 percent a month?" What was
the real interest rate paid by borrowers in this situation?

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Briefly describe the three major measures of the price level.

Match each of the following scenarios with the appropriate graph of the market for loanable
funds. a. An increase in the real interest rate results in only a small increase in private saving by
households. b. A decrease in the real interest rate results in a substantial increase in spending on
investment projects by

Discuss the likely effect of each of the following on the unemployment rate. a. The length of
time workers are eligible to receive unemployment insurance payments doubles. b. The
minimum wage is abolished. c. Most U.S. workers join labor unions. d. More companies make
information about job openings easily available

How is the unemployment rate measured? What are the three conditions someone needs to meet
to be counted as unemployed?

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In addition to the usual CPI, the BLS also calculates a CPI that does not include the prices of
food and energy. Because the prices of food and energy tend to fluctuate more than other prices,
some economists believe that omitting them provides a better measure of the long-run inflation
rate. Go to the Web site of the
What does the labor force participation rate measure? Since 1950, how have the labor force
participation rates of men and women changed?

Go to the Web site of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED)
(research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/). a. Find the most recent value and the value from the same
quarter four years earlier for Gross Government Saving (GGSAVE). b. Total saving in the
economy is composed of private saving and government saving. What does

Suppose you were borrowing money to buy a car. a. Which of these situations would you prefer:
The interest rate on your car loan is 20 percent and the inflation rate is 19 percent, or the interest
rate on your car loan is 5 percent and the inflation rate is 2 percent? Briefly explain. b. Now
suppose you are JPMorgan

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In 2015, an article on bloomberg.com noted that Walmart, Starbucks, TJ Maxx, IKEA, Gap, and
several other big retailers had announced increases in the wages they were paying newly hired
workers. The same article also noted that "[labor] turnover in the retail sector has been steadily
rising and now stands at 5 percent

Jared Bernstein, an economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, has stated: "I want
to see receipt of unemployment insurance ... go up in recessions." If government unemployment
insurance payments didn't go up, he explains, it "would be a sign that something's very wrong."
What would be very wrong about go

What are the four main determinants of investment? How would a change in interest rates affect
investment?

A study by the management consulting company McKinsey & Company recommended that the
U.S. increase spending on infrastructure, such as bridges and highways, by between $150 and
$180 billion per year. The study estimated that the result would be an increase in GDP of
between $270 billion and $320 billion per year. What

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What is the rule of 70? If real GDP per capita grows at a rate of 5 percent per year, how many
years will it take to double?

The chapter states that it is impossible to know whether a particular nominal interest rate is
"high" or "low." Briefly explain why.

Amartya Sen, a professor of economics at Harvard University and a Nobel Laureate, has argued,
"For India to match China in its range of manufacturing capacity ... it needs a better-educated
and healthier labor force at all levels of society." What role do education and health care play in
economic growth? How has India
The Making the Connection claims that Ebenezer Scrooge promoted economic growth more
when he was a miser and saved most of his income than when he reformed and began spending
freely. Suppose, though, that after he reformed he spent most of his income buying food for the
Cratchits and other poor families. Many economist

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An economics student raises the following objection: "The textbook said that a higher interest
rate lowers investment, but this doesn't make sense. I know that if I can get a higher interest rate,
I am certainly going to invest more in my savings account." Briefly explain whether you agree
with this reasoning.

Compare what happened to real investment between 1979 and the second quarter of 2015 with
what happened to real consumption during that period.

In China, why may a lower birth rate lead to slower growth in real GDP per capita? Why might
high levels of spending on investment in China lead to high rates of growth in the short run but
not in the long run?

Shortly before the fall of the Soviet Union, the economist Gur Ofer of Hebrew University of
Jerusalem wrote, "The most outstanding characteristic of Soviet growth strategy is its consistent
policy of very high rates of investment, leading to a rapid growth rate of [the] capital stock."
Explain why this economic growth

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Fill in the blank cells in the table below. Assume that the value of the MPC does not change as
real GDP changes. Also assume that the values represent billions of 2009 dollars. a. What is the
value of the MPC? b. What is the value of equilibrium real GDP?

Robert Samuelson, a columnist for the Washington Post, argues that the Great Moderation
actually caused the Great Recession. During the Great Moderation, "consumers could assume
more debt-and lenders could lend more freely." Why might consumers have been willing to
assume more debt and banks and other lenders have been

Briefly explain which of the following statement is correct. a. The iPhone is made in China,
using Chinese-made parts. b. The iPhone is made in the United States, using U.S. made parts. c.
The iPhone is made in the United States, using Chinese made parts. d. The iPhone is made
China, using parts that are all made o

More people in high-income countries than in low-income countries tend to believe that rapid
rates of economic growth are not desirable. Recall the concept of a "normal good". Does this
concept provide insight into why some people in high-income countries might be more
concerned with certain consequences of rapid econo
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According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, in late 2014, the Japanese economy
experienced a large increase in business inventories. The article noted, "The large buildup of
inventories is a reflection that the ... drop in demand was bigger than expected." Does it matter
that Japanese firms didn't expect the dr

Describe the record of productivity growth in the United States from 1800 to the present.

The federal government in the United States has been running large budget deficits. Suppose that
Congress and the president take actions that turn the budget deficits into budget surpluses. a. Use
a market for loan able funds graph to illustrate the effect of the federal budget surpluses. What
happens to the equilibri

Why does the economic growth model predict that poor countries should catch up to rich
countries in real GDP per capita? Have poor countries been catching up to rich countries?

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Why is the role of entrepreneurs much more important in the new growth theory than in the
traditional economic growth model?

Which of the following will result in a movement along China's per-worker production function,
and which will result in a shift of China's per-worker production function? Briefly explain. a.
Capital per hour worked increases from 200 Yuan per hour worked to 250 Yuan per hour
worked. b. The Chinese government doubles

Can economic analysis arrive at the conclusion that economic growth will always improve
economic well-being? Briefly explain.

A columnist in the New York Times observes that "many analysts agree that economic reform,
of which integration into the global economy was a key element, has lifted millions of people out
of poverty in India." What does "integration into the global economy" mean? How might
integration into the global economy reduce po

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Consider the following data for a closed economy: Y = $12 trillion C = $8 trillion G = $2 trillion
SPublic = $-0.5 trillion T = $2 trillion Use these data to calculate the following: a. Private saving
b. Investment spending c. Transfer payments d. The government budget deficit or budget surplus

Why does a country's economic growth rate matter?

Firms care about their after-tax rate of return on investment projects. In the market for loan able
funds, draw a graph and explain the effect of an increase in taxes on business profits. (For
simplicity, assume no change in the federal budget deficit or budget surplus.) What happens to
the equilibrium real interest ra

In the following graph, each dot represents a particular country's initial level of real GDP per
capita and its growth rate of real GDP per capita. a. For the range of initial GDP per capita from
0 to Real GDP per capita2, does the figure support the economic growth model's prediction of
catch-up? Briefly explain. b.

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Draw the consumption function and label each axis. Show the effect of an increase in income on
consumption spending. Does the change in income cause a movement along the consumption
function or a shift of the consumption function? How would an increase in expected future
income or an increase in household wealth affect

Into which category of aggregate expenditure would each of the following transactions fall? a.
The Jones family buys a new car. b. The San Diego Unified School District buys 12 new school
buses. c. The Jones family buys a newly constructed house from the Garcia Construction Co. d.
Joe Jones orders a Burberry coat f

Why does knowledge capital experience increasing returns at the economy level while physical
capital experiences decreasing returns?

Savers are taxed on the nominal interest payments they receive rather than the real interest
payments. Suppose the federal government shifts from taxing nominal interest payments to
taxing only real interest payments. (That is, savers will be allowed to subtract the inflation rate
from the nominal interest rate they re

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Briefly describe the debate among economists over how high U.S. productivity growth rates are
likely to be in the future.

Using data from the St. Louis Federal Reserve (FRED) (research.stlouisfed.org/ fred2/), analyze
the relationship between labor productivity in the manufacturing sector and in the non-farm
business sector as a whole. a. Download data since 1987 on output per hour of all persons in the
manufacturing sector (OPHMFG) and

Unemployed workers receive unemployment insurance payments from the government. Does the
existence of unemployment insurance make it likely that consumption will fluctuate more or less
over the business cycle than it would in the absence of unemployment insurance? Briefly
explain.

In problem 2.8, suppose that government purchases increase from $2 trillion to $2.5 trillion. If
the values for Y and C are unchanged, what must happen to the values of S and I? Briefly
explain. In problem 2.8 Y = $12 trillion C = $8 trillion G = $2 trillion SPublic = $-0.5 trillion T =
$2 trillion

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Figure 22.5 on page 744 shows growth rates in real GDP per hour worked in the United States
for various periods from 1800 onward. How might the growth rates in the figure be different if
they were calculated for real GDP per capita instead of per hour worked?

Suppose the rate of growth of the economies in the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and
China) slows down, causing U.S. net exports to fall by $75 billion. If the MPC is 0.8, what will
be the change in equilibrium U.S. GDP?

Pranab Bardhan, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley, argues: "China may be
close to exhausting the possibilities of technological catch-up with the West, particularly in
manufacturing." a. What does Bardhan mean by "technological catch-up"? b. If Bardhan is
correct, what problems might the Chinese

People who live in rural areas often have less access to capital and, as a result, their productivity
is lower on average than the productivity of people who live in cities. An article in the New York
Times quotes a financial analyst as arguing that "the core driver" of economic growth in China
"is the simple process o

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Briefly explain whether the statistics in the following table are consistent with the economic
growth model's predictions of catch-up.

Fill in the blank cells in the following table. Assume for simplicity that taxes are zero. Also
assume that the values represent billions of 2009 dollars.

Assume that Intel sells $1 billion of computer chips to Dell, Inc., for use in Dell's personal
computers. How does this transaction affect aggregate expenditure?

The Making the Connection emphasizes that a key difference between market economies and
centrally planned economies, like that of the former Soviet Union, is as follows: In market
economies, entrepreneurs and managers who have their own money on the line make decisions
about which investments to make and which technol

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Andover Bank and Lowell Bank each sell one-year certificates of deposit (CDs). The interest
rates on these CDs are given in the following table for a three-year period. Suppose you deposit
$1,000 in a CD in each bank at the beginning of 2016. At the end of 2016, you take your $1,000
and any interest earned and invests
Would a larger multiplier lead to longer and more severe recessions or shorter and less severe
recessions? Briefly explain.

At point A in the following graph, is planned aggregate expenditure greater than, equal to, or less
than GDP? What about at point B? At point C? For points A and C, indicate the vertical distance
that measures the unintended change in inventories.

In an opinion column in the Wall Street Journal, Purdue University President Mitchell Daniels
wrote that "today's 20- and 30-year-olds are delaying marriage and delaying childbearing, both
unhelpful trends from an economic and social standpoint." Why might young people be delaying
marriage and childbearing? Why would t

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Use the following graph to answer the questions. In each case, briefly explain your answer. a.
True or false: The movement from point A to point B shows the effects of technological change.
b. True or false: The economy can move from point B to point C only if there are no diminishing
returns to capital. c. True or

Briefly describe the effect of the business cycle on the inflation rate and the unemployment rate.
Why might the unemployment rate continue to rise during the early stages of an expansion?

Briefly explain why the total value of saving in the economy must equal the total value of
investment.

Briefly explain whether you agree with the following argument: "The equilibrium level of GDP
is determined by the level of aggregate expenditure. Therefore, GDP will decline only if
households decide to spend less on goods and services."

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Economist Robert Gordon of Northwestern University has argued: My interpretation of the

[information] revolution is that it is increasingly burdened by diminishing returns. The push to
ever smaller devices runs up against the fixed size of the human finger that must enter
information on the device. Most of the innovat

Suppose you can receive an interest rate of 3 percent on a certificate of deposit at a bank that is
charging borrowers 7 percent on new car loans. Why might you be unwilling to loan money
directly to someone who wants to borrow from you to buy a new car, even if that person offers to
pay you an interest rate higher tha

Using data from the St. Louis Federal Reserve (FRED) (research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/), analyze
differences in labor productivity among China, India, and the United States. a. From 1952 to the
present, chart the following series on the same graph: real GDP per worker for China
(RGDPL2CNA627NUPN), real GDP per worker fo
In a speech to a conference of government trade officials, Angel Gurrìa, secretary general of
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, made the following observation:
"As goods and services cross borders several times at different stages of processing,
conventional trade statistics may not tell the

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What is the new growth theory? How does the new growth theory differ from the growth theory
developed by Robert Solow?

A study by the McKinsey Global Institute reported that labor productivity increased at an
average annual rate of 5.8 percent between 1999 and 2013 in Mexico's large companies, but it
fell at an average annual rate of 6.5 percent over the same period for its smaller firms, such as
family-owned stores and bakeries. Brief

What are inventories? What usually happens to inventories at the beginning of a recession? At
the beginning of an expansion?

The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Face book

(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/) offers many comparative tables
of world data. Go to this site and find the following: a. The countries with the highest and lowest
real GDPs b. The countries with the highest and lowest per capita rea

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What are the main reasons many poor countries have experienced slow growth?

Refer to Figures 22.7-22.9 on pages 749 and 751. The lines in the following three graphs show
the average relationship between the initial level of real GDP per capita and the growth rate of
real GDP per capita for three groups of countries over a given time period. Match each group of
countries with the graph that be

What are the consequences for growth of diminishing returns to capital? How are some
economies able to maintain high growth rates despite diminishing returns to capital?

An International Monetary Fund Factsheet makes the following observation regarding sound
financial systems: "A country's financial system ... provides a framework ...for supporting
economic growth." Do you agree with this observation? Briefly explain.

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Suppose we drop the assumption that net exports do not depend on real GDP. Draw a graph with
the value of net exports on the vertical axis and the value of real GDP on the horizontal axis.
Now, add a line representing the relationship between net exports and real GDP. Does your net
exports line have a positive or negat
Economist Charles Kenny of the Center for Global Development has argued: The process
technologies-institutions like laws and inventory management systems-that appear central to
raising incomes per capita flow less like water and more like bricks. But ideas and inventions-the
importance of [education] and vaccines for

How does the financial system-both financial markets and financial intermediaries-provide risk
sharing, liquidity, and information to savers and borrowers?

What are loan able funds? Why do businesses demand loan able funds? Why do households
supply loan able funds?

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If the per-worker production function were shaped as shown in the following graph, what would
be the implications for economic growth of a country that was accumulating increasing
quantities of capital per hour worked? Briefly explain.

An article in the Wall Street Journal stated that in China, "carmakers continue to grapple with ...
rising inventories." Why might carmakers in China find that their inventories are unexpectedly
rising? How are these carmakers likely to react to the increase in inventories?

Why are firms likely to under invest in research and development? Briefly discuss three ways in
which government policy can increase the accumulation of knowledge capital.

Some economists argue that the apparent slowdown in productivity growth in the United States
in recent years is a measurement problem resulting from the failure of GDP to capture the effects
of many recent innovations, such as cloud computing. James Manyika, head of technology at
McKinsey & Company, argues that for man

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What are the three main determinants of net exports? How would an increase in the growth rate
of GDP in the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) affect U.S. net exports?

In the aggregate expenditure model, why is it important to know the factors that determine
consumption spending, investment spending, government purchases, and net exports?

In his book The White Man's Burden, William Easterly reports: A vaccination campaign in
southern Africa virtually eliminated measles as a killer of children. Routine childhood
immunization combined with measles vaccination in seven southern African nations starting in
1996 virtually eliminated measles in those countri

What is the key idea in the aggregate expenditure macroeconomic model?

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Economists Carol Shiue and Wolfgang Keller of the University of Colorado published a study of
"market efficiency" in the eighteenth century in England, other European countries, and China. If
the markets in a country are efficient, a product should have the same price wherever in the
country it is sold, allowing for th

In 2015, President Barack Obama was quoted in an article in the Wall Street Journal as warning
against "rising anti-globalization sentiment," which the president called "a big mistake." a. What
did President Obama mean by "anti-globalization sentiment"? b. Why might he have considered
such sentiment to be a big mista

Briefly explain which of the following policies are likely to increase the rate of economic growth
in the United States. a. Congress passes an investment tax credit, which reduces a firm's taxes if
it installs new machinery and equipment. b. Congress passes a law that allows taxpayers to
reduce their income taxes by

Consider the table in the next column, which shows the change in inventories for each quarter
from the first quarter of 2007 (2007:I) through the fourth quarter of 2010 (2010:IV) measured in
billions of 2009 dollars. Provide a macroeconomic explanation for this pattern

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A column in the Wall Street Journal considers two observations about the U.S. economy: "We
live in an era of accelerating technological progress. ..." and "In the years since the recession ...
the economy has been growing very slowly." The writer concludes that "Both statements can't be
completely correct." Do you agre

Explain the difference between the total percentage increase in real GDP between 2005 and 2015
and the average annual growth rate in real GDP between the same years.

What does the slope of the aggregate expenditure line equal? How is the slope of the aggregate
expenditure line related to the slope of the consumption function?

What does globalization mean? How have developing countries benefited from globalization?

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An article on bloomberg.com about the Japanese economy noted, "Whether the 2.4 percent
annualized gain in gross domestic product reported Wednesday can be maintained depends on
consumers stepping in to buy the products that companies are piling up in warehouses." a. Did
business inventories in Japan increase or decrea

A Federal Reserve publication notes that "the shedding of unwanted inventories often accounts
for a large portion of the decline in gross domestic product (GDP) during economic recessions."
What does the author mean be "shedding of unwanted inventories"? What makes the inventories
unwanted? Why would shedding inventori
What are the five main determinants of consumption spending? Which of these is the most
important? How would a rise in stock prices or housing prices affect consumption spending?

Use the data for the United States in this table to answer the following questions. Year
_____________Real GDP per Capita (2009 prices) 2010 .................................. $47,719
2011 .................................. 48,116 2012 .................................. 48,822 2013 ........................

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What is the meaning of the 458 line in the 458-line diagram?

Suppose a major U.S. appliance manufacturer is forecasting demand for its products during the
next year. How will the forecast be affected by each of the following? a. A survey shows a sharp
rise in consumer confidence that income growth will be increasing. b. Real interest rates are
expected to increase. c. The val

Briefly describe three government policies that can increase economic growth.

In an interview on PBS about economic development in Africa, economist George Ayettey stated
that of the 54 African countries, only 8 had a free press. For Africa's economic development,
Ayittey argued strongly for the establishment of a free press. Why would a free press be vital for
the enhancement of property rights

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What is the difference between aggregate expenditure and consumption spending?

Use the data on real GDP in the following table to answer the following questions. The values
are measured in each country's domestic currency. The base year for Brazil is 1995; the base year
for Mexico is 2008; and the base year for Thailand is 1988. a. Which country experienced the
highest rate of economic growth du

An article in the Wall Street Journal on changes in Intel's sales noted, "Intel sells its chips to
customers in U.S. dollars, but many PC makers that buy those chips sell their products in local
currencies." In these circumstances, would an increase in the value of the dollar relative to
foreign currencies be likely to

An article on the Mexican economy in the Economist notes, "A huge, unproductive informal
sector and general lawlessness also drag the economy down." If these factors were the main
barriers to more rapid economic growth in Mexico, would that be good news or bad news for the
Mexican government's attempts to increase its

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A writer for the Wall Street Journal wrote a whimsical "Letter to Stingy American Consumers":
Dear American Consumer: This is The Wall Street Journal. ...The sun shined in April and you
didn't spend much money. ... You've been saving more too. ... This saving is not like you. ... Do
you know the American economy is co

In reporting on real GDP growth in the second quarter of 2015, an article in the Wall Street
Journal noted that the 2.3 percent annual growth rate "would have been stronger if it hadn't been
for companies drawing down inventories." a. If companies are "drawing down inventories," is
aggregate expenditure likely to have

The following graph contains two aggregate expenditure functions. Consider a movement from
point A to point B and a movement from point B to point C. Which movement shows a change in
autonomous expenditure? Which movement shows a change in induced expenditure? Briefly
explain your answers.

An article in the New York Times notes that since 2001 Italy has had the lowest rate of growth in
labor productivity among European countries that use the euro common currency. The article
quoted Italy's economy minister as saying, "The real tragedy for Italy is falling productivity." At
the time the minister made thes

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The Roman Empire lasted from 27 b.c. to a.d. 476. The empire was wealthy enough to build such
monuments as the Roman Coliseum. Roman engineering skill was at a level high enough that
aqueducts built during the empire to carry water long distances remained in use for hundreds of
years. Yet, although the empire experienc

In 2014, real GDP per capita in Mexico increased by 0.9 percent. A Mexican economist was
quoted in an article in the Wall Street Journal as saying, "It's clearly insufficient if we want to
significantly reduce poverty and move Mexico toward a middle-class country." a. Given that
growth rate, how long would it take the

XYZ stock price and dividend history are as follows: Year _________ Beginning-of-Year Price
_________ Dividend Paid at Year-End 2010 ........................ $100 ......................................... $4
2011 ........................ $110 ......................................... $4 2012 .......................

Moji is considering investing in a Manulife Financial corporate bond with a $20 000 face value
maturing on December 15, 2030. The bond's coupon or bond rate is 7.25 percent and interest is
paid semi-annually. The current required market rate or yield for a bond of this type is 4.55
percent. Use the bond function of the

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Which of the following does the aggregate expenditure model seek to explain: long-run
economic growth, the business cycle, inflation, or cyclical unemployment?

Consider the following data for a closed economy: Y = $11 trillion C = $8 trillion I = $2 trillion
TR = $1 trillion T = $3 trillion Use these data to calculate the following: a. Private saving b.
Public saving c. Government purchases d. The government budget deficit or budget surplus

Using the per-worker production function graph from Figures 22.3 and 22.4 on pages 738 and
740, show the effect on real GDP per hour worked of an increase in capital per hour worked,
holding technology constant. Now, again using the per-worker production function graph, show
the effect on real GDP per hour worked of an

You are attempting to formulate an investment strategy. On the one hand, you think there is great
upward potential in the stock market and would like to participate in the upward move if it
materializes. However, you are not able to afford substantial stock market losses and so cannot
run the risk of a stock market col

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a. Janet Meer is a fixed-income portfolio manager. Noting that the current shape of the yield
curve is flat, she considers the purchase of a newly issued, option-free corporate bond priced at
par; the bond is described in Table 11.9. Calculate the duration of the bond. TABLE 11.6
Investment strategies (amounts are mar

The stock of Business Adventures sells for $40 a share. Its likely dividend payout and end-of-
year price depend on the state of the economy by the end of the year as follows:
____________________ Dividend ____________ Stock Price Boom .........................
$2.00 ......................... $50 Normal economy .....

Suppose now that your portfolio must yield an expected return of 12% and be efficient, that is,
on the best feasible CAL. a. What is the standard deviation of your portfolio? b. What is the
proportion invested in the T-bill fund and each of the two risky funds?

a. Footnote 2 in the chapter presents the formula for the convexity of a bond. Build a spreadsheet
to calculate the convexity of the 8% coupon bond in Spreadsheet 11.1 at the initial yield to
maturity of 10%. b. What is the convexity of the zero-coupon bond?

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Here is some price information on Marriott: __________________________ Bid ____________

Asked Marriott ........................ $67.95 .................... $68.05 You have placed a stop-loss order to
sell at $68. What are you telling your broker? Given market prices, will your order be executed?

A put option on a stock with a current price of $33 has an exercise price of $35. The price of the
corresponding call option is $2.25. According to put-call parity, if the effective annual risk-free
rate of interest is 4% and there are three months until expiration, what should be the price of the
put?

A firm has current assets that could be sold for their book value of $10 million. The book value
of its fixed assets is $60 million, but they could be sold for $90 million today. The firm has total
debt with a book value of $40 million, but interest rate declines have caused the market value of
the debt to increase to

If you were to use only the two risky funds and still require an expected return of 12%, what
would be the investment proportions of your portfolio? Compare its standard deviation to that of
the optimal portfolio in the previous problem. What do you conclude?

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Investors expect the market rate of return this year to be 10%. The expected rate of return on a
stock with a beta of 1.2 is currently 12%. If the market return this year turns out to be 8%, how
would you revise your expectation of the rate of return on the stock?

ScanSoft Development Company is developing a new process to manufacture optical disks. The
development costs were higher than expected, so ScanSoft required an immediate cash inflow of
$5 200 000. To raise the required capital, the company decided to issue bonds. Since ScanSoft
had no expertise in issuing and selling b

Consider the following data for a one-factor economy. All portfolios are well diversified.
Suppose another portfolio E is well diversified with a beta of 2/3 and expected return of 9%.
Would an arbitrage opportunity exist? If so, what would the arbitrage strategy be?

Consider a bond with a settlement date of February 22, 2015, and a maturity date of March 15,
2023. The coupon rate is 5.5%. If the yield to maturity of the bond is 5.34% (bond equivalent
yield, semiannual compounding), what is the list price of the bond on the settlement date? What
is the accrued interest on the bond?

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An investor buys a call at a price of $4.50 with an exercise price of $40. At what stock price will
the investor break even on the purchase of the call?

The risk-free rate of return is 5%, the required rate of return on the market is 10%, and High-
Flyer stock has a beta coefficient of 1.5. If the dividend per share expected during the coming
year, D1, is $2.50 and g = 4%, at what price should a share sell?

Recalculate the intrinsic value of GE's shares using the free cash flow model of Spreadsheet 13.2
(available in Connect; link to Chapter 13 material). Treat each scenario independently. a. GE's
P/E ratio starting in 2018 (cell G3) will be 15.5. b. GE's current stock market beta (cell B21) is
1.10. c. The market ris
According to the Black-Scholes formula, what will be the hedge ratio (delta) of a put option for a
very small exercise price?

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Log in to Connect and link to the material for Chapter 9, where you will find five years of
weekly returns for the S&P 500 and Fidelity's Select Banking Fund (ticker FSRBX). a. Set up a
spreadsheet to calculate the relative strength of the banking sector compared to the broad market.
b. Identify every instance in whi

Suppose you think Apple stock is going to appreciate substantially in value in the next year. Say
the stock's current price, S0, is $100, and the call option expiring in one year has an exercise
price, X, of $100 and is selling at a price, C, of $10. With $10,000 to invest, you are considering
three alternatives: a. I

Assume both portfolios A and B are well diversified, that E(rA) = 14% and E(rB) = 14.8%. If the
economy has only one factor, and βA = 1 while βB = 1.1, what must be the risk-free rate?

In what circumstances are private placements more likely to be used than public offerings?

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If the nominal interest rate is 5% and the inflation rate is 3%, what is the real interest rate?

Use the Black-Scholes formula to find the value of a call option on the following stock: Time to
expiration = 6 months Standard deviation = 50% per year Exercise price = $50 Stock price = $50
Interest rate = 3% Dividend = 0

Consider the following $1,000 par value zero-coupon bonds: According to the expectations
hypothesis, what is the market's expectation of the yield curve one year from now? Specifically,
what are the expected values of next year's yields on bonds with maturities of (a) 1 year; (b) 2
years; (c) 3 years?

Suppose the same client in the previous problem decides to invest in your risky portfolio a
proportion (y) of his total investment budget so that his overall portfolio will have an expected
rate of return of 15%. a. What is the proportion y? b. What are your client's investment
proportions in your three stocks and t

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The New Fund (from Problem 22) had an expense ratio of 1.1%, and its management fee was .
7%. a. What were the total fees paid to the fund's investment managers during the year? b. What
were the other administrative expenses?
Turn back to Table 6.3 and consider these three-year strategies: Three-In (fully invested in the
risky portfolio in each of the three years); One-In (fully invested in the risky portfolio in one
year, and in the risk-free asset in the other two); and Third-In-Three (one third of the portfolio
invested in the risky port

What would you expect to be the relationship between securitization and the role of financial
intermediaries in the economy? For example, what happens to the role of local banks in
providing capital for mortgage loans when national markets in mortgage-backed securities
become highly developed?

Log in to Connect and link to the material for Chapter 6, where you will find a spreadsheet
containing monthly rates of return for Ford, the S&P 500, and T-bills over a recent five-year
period. Set up a spreadsheet just like that of Example 6.3 and find the beta of Ford?

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Find the duration of a bond with settlement date May 27, 2016, and maturity date November 15,
2025. The coupon rate of the bond is 7%, and the bond pays coupons semiannually. The bond is
selling at a yield to maturity of 8%. You can use Spreadsheet 11.2, available in Connect; link to
Chapter 11 material?

Suppose the total bond issue by Space Limited Company was $150 000 000 and they set up a
sinking fund on December 22, 2017 for 20 years. Sinking funds are accounts that companies
establish to ensure certain amounts of money will be available at a given future date (refer to
14.5 for information about sinking funds). If

a. Suppose you forecast that the standard deviation of the market return will be 20% in the
coming year. If the measure of risk aversion in Equation 5.17 is A = 4, what would be a
reasonable guess for the expected market risk premium? b. What value of A is consistent with a
risk premium of 9%? c. What will happen to

The market capitalization rate for Admiral Motors Company is 8%. Its expected ROE is 10% and
its expected EPS is $5. If the firm's plowback ratio is 60%, what will be its P/E ratio?