Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ACTUATORS &
ACCESSORIES
Subject Index
Thrust, Torque, & Rimpull Calculations ............................................ 2
Thrust & Torque Reference Data ..................................................... 3-8
Bevel Gear Actuators, Sizing & Dimensions .................................... 9-11
Remote Actuators ............................................................................ 12, 13
NEMA Area Classifications .............................................................. 14
Chain Wheels ................................................................................... 15
Extensions Stems & Floor Stands .................................................... 15
Impact Handwheel Adapters ............................................................ 16
Locking Devices ............................................................................... 16
Bypasses .......................................................................................... 17
Drain & Bleed Connections .............................................................. 18
PVAA-0198 Rev. 4
Actuators and Accessories
Determining Thrust, Torque and Rimpull
The three major forces involved in valve actuation are thrust, torque
and rimpull. Below is a brief description and formula used to
determine each of the three forces for a particular valve application.
See pages 3 through 7 for reference data to be used with Pacific
gate, globe and stop-check valves to determine thrust, torque and
rimpull for a particular application. These pages also show torque
for differential pressures at full and half maximum cold working
pressure for carbon steel valves.
Valve running thrust which represents 90% of the travel of the valve stem
Running rimpull can be calculated by substituting running for
can be determined by adding stem load and stem packing friction.
seating/unseating torque.
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf)
1.5 150 1.800 0.875 0.0078 1913 2075 15 16
2 150 3.100 0.875 0.0078 1968 2186 15 17
2.5 150 4.900 0.875 0.0078 2045 2340 16 18
3 150 7.100 0.875 0.0078 2139 2528 17 20
4 150 12.600 1.125 0.0099 2930 3611 29 36
6 150 28.300 1.125 0.0099 3601 4953 36 49
8 150 50.300 1.375 0.0115 5112 7474 59 86
10 150 78.550 1.375 0.0115 6317 9885 73 114
12 150 113.100 1.625 0.0131 8381 13511 110 177
14 150 137.900 1.625 0.0131 9441 15632 124 205
16 150 182.700 2.000 0.0155 12258 20516 190 318
18 150 233.700 2.000 0.0155 14438 24877 224 386
20 150 291.000 2.000 0.0155 16888 29776 262 462
24 150 424.500 2.500 0.0191 23847 42694 456 816
30 150 671.900 3.000 0.0223 35731 65462 798 1463
36 150 969.000 3.000 0.0223 48432 90864 1082 2030
1.5 300 1.800 0.875 0.0078 2172 2595 17 20
2 300 3.100 0.875 0.0078 2317 2883 18 22
2.5 300 4.900 0.875 0.0078 2516 3283 20 25
3 300 7.100 0.875 0.0078 2761 3771 21 29
4 300 12.600 1.125 0.0099 4016 5783 40 57
6 300 28.300 1.375 0.0115 6441 10132 74 116
8 300 50.300 1.375 0.0115 8883 15016 102 173
10 300 78.500 1.625 0.0131 12731 22212 167 291
12 300 113.100 1.625 0.0131 16572 29893 217 392
14 300 137.900 2.000 0.0155 20469 36939 318 573
16 300 182.700 2.000 0.0155 25442 46884 395 728
18 300 227.000 2.000 0.0155 30360 56719 471 880
20 300 283.500 2.500 0.0191 38285 71570 732 1368
24 300 424.500 2.500 0.0191 53936 102872 1031 1967
30 300 672.000 3.500 0.0261 85152 163305 2220 4257
36 300 942.000 3.500 0.0261 115122 223245 3001 5820
1.5 600 1.800 0.875 0.0078 2595 3439 20 27
2 600 3.100 0.875 0.0078 2883 4016 22 31
2.5 600 - - - - - - -
3 600 7.100 1.125 0.0099 4562 6874 45 68
4 600 12.600 1.125 0.0099 5783 9316 57 92
6 600 28.300 1.625 0.0131 11068 18885 145 248
8 600 48.700 1.625 0.0131 15596 27943 204 366
10 600 74.700 2.000 0.0155 22908 41817 356 649
12 600 108.400 2.000 0.0155 30390 56780 472 881
14 600 130.200 2.500 0.0191 37537 70075 718 1340
16 600 170.900 2.500 0.0191 46573 88145 890 1685
18 600 213.846 2.500 0.0191 56107 107213 1073 2050
20 600 261.597 3.000 0.0223 69306 132612 1549 2963
24 600 380.113 3.000 0.0223 95617 185233 2136 4139
30 600 590.853 3.500 0.0261 145290 283580 3787 7392
36 600 851.242 3.500 0.0261 203096 399193 5294 10406
1.5 900 1.800 0.875 0.0078 3017 4284 23 33
2 900 3.100 1.000 0.0091 3904 5808 35 53
2.5 900 4.900 1.125 0.0099 4985 7720 49 76
3 900 6.500 1.125 0.0099 5518 8786 55 87
4 900 11.800 1.375 0.0115 8328 13906 96 160
6 900 26.000 1.625 0.0131 14210 25171 186 330
8 900 44.200 1.875 0.0147 21534 39318 317 579
10 900 71.000 2.250 0.0175 32557 60614 570 1061
12 900 100.000 2.250 0.0191 43749 82499 836 1577
14 900 117.895 2.500 0.0191 49708 94417 950 1805
1.5 1500 1.500 0.875 0.0078 3698 5645 29 44
2 1500 2.800 1.000 0.0091 5011 8022 46 73
2.5 1500 4.000 1.125 0.0099 6315 10379 62 103
3 1500 6.000 1.250 0.0107 8108 13716 87 147
4 1500 10.300 1.375 0.0115 11225 19701 129 227
6 1500 22.700 1.875 0.0147 21481 39212 316 577
8 1500 38.500 2.250 0.0175 33263 62026 582 1086
10 1500 60.000 2.500 0.0191 47440 89879 907 1719
12 1500 84.500 3.000 0.0223 66057 126114 1476 2818
14 1500 101.600 3.000 0.0223 75560 145121 1688 3243
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in.) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (bf)
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in.) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (bf)
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in.) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (bf)
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in.) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (bf)
Seat Area Stem Dia. Stem Factor Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp Half ANSI cwp Full ANSI cwp
Size Class (sq. in) (in.) (lbf) (lbf) (lbf) (bf)
Our standard bevel gear actuator is Limitorque Model B320, with 4 Inlet 2
standard features: 3
Figure 2
TABLE 1
MAXIMUM OUTPUT
TORQUE MAXIMUM MAXIMUM STEM SPUR GEAR
THRUST CAPACITY ATTACHMENT
UNIT TYPE UNIT UNIT MANUAL MOTORIZED
& SIZE RATIO EFFICIENCY
Ft-Lb Nm Ft-Lb Nm Lb kN Inch mm Ratio EFFICIENCY
B320-05 2:1 0.90 300 407 240 325 15000 68 1.5 38.1 n/a n/a
3:1
B320-10 3:1 0.90 625 845 500 675 25000 105 13/4 45 3:1 0.90
4:1
B320-20 3:1 0.90 750 1015 600 810 40000 175 2 3/8 60 3:1 0.90
4:1
B320-30 4:1 0.90 1250 1695 1000 13555 40000 175 2 3/8 60 3:1 0.90
6:1
B320-40 4.1 0.90 1800 2440 1500 2035 80000 355 2 7/8 73 3:1 0.90
6:1 1250 1695 1000 1355
B320-50 4:1 0.90 3750 5085 3000 4070 10000 445 3 1/2 90 6.3:1 0.80
6:1 10.8:1
B320-70 6:1 0.90 6000 8140 4500 6100 150000 665 4 102 6.3:1 0.80
8:1 10.8:1
B320-80 6:1 0.90 8000 10850 6500 8815 200000 890 4 3/4 120 6.3:1 0.80
8:1 10.8:1
B320-90 6.2:1 0.90 12000 16280 12000 16280 325000 1445 5 1/2 140 5:1 0.90
17.5:1 0.80
Bevel Gear Sizing Example: 12" 600 Ib. gate valve with graphitic packing at 740
Bevel gears are sized to meet specific rimpull forces required to psi. Rimpull requirement 150 Ibs. maximum.
operate a valve based on the service conditions, particularly the Step 1 = Seating/unseating thrust 30396.36 Ibs.;
maximum differential pressure. The following calculations are torque = 471.14 ft. Ibs.
used in the selection of a bevel gear for a specific application. Step 2 = Select a base unit. (B320-20 w/3:1 ratio)
Step 3 = Torque/Mechanical advantage =471.14/(3.0x0.90)
1. Calculate seating/unseating torque for valve. (See page 2).
= 471.14/2.7 =174.5 ft. Ibs.
2. Using the maximum thrust and maximum torque from Table 1
174.5 = torque at shaft of gear.
select the smallest bevel gear which can meet the seating/
Step 4 = Rimpull = torque/handwheel radius =174.5/1.25
unseating torque requirement calculated in Step 1.
= 139.6 Rimpull.
3. Divide the torque value from Step 1 by the mechanical advan-
Selected gear=B320-20 w/3:1 ratio using a 30" handwheel.
tage (ratio times efficiency) for the gear selected in Step 2. The
result is the torque at the shaft of the gear. This must be less
than 1.5 times the desired rimpull. If it is not, a spur gear Rules of Thumb for Bevel Gearing
attachment (SGA) can be added or another gear type can be 1. Check the rimpull on 12" and larger 150 Ib. gate valves, 10"
selected. and larger 300 Ib. gate valves, 8" and larger 600 Ib. gate
4. Using the torque calculation from Step 3 select from Table 2 the valves; all globe, stop-check and nonreturn valves; and all
smallest handwheel diameter which will meet the rimpull gate valves Class 900 and higher to insure that one man
requirement. could seat or unseat the valve under the actual site line
conditions.
To determine the mechanical advantage of a bevel gear unit with 2. On the average, operators should be capable of lifting their
a SGA, multiply the mechanical advantage of the base unit times own weight, using this as a guide maximum rimpull can be
the mechanical advantage of the SGA (ratio x efficiency of base estimated, ie; a 175 Ib. man should be able to handle a
unit) x (ratio x efficiency of the SGA). seating rimpull up to about 175 Ibs. Rimpulls are often
specified much lower to avoid operator strain and possible
injury.
3. Low rimpull requirements often result in the selection of
bevel gears with high gear ratios. This can result in high
TABLE 2
operating times due to the number of turns needed to cycle
Available Handwheel sizes for Bevel Gears the valve. Keep this in mind when specifying a maximum
rimpull.
12" Diameter .5 Radius in Ft.
4. Air wrench operation speeds up cycle time on high gear ratio
18" Diameter .75 Radius in Ft.
bevel gears however, the mechanical advantage available
24" Diameter 1.0 Radius in Ft.
from bevel gearing enables the operator to damage the
30" Diameter 1.25 Radius in Ft.
valve. Never seat or back seat the valve using an air wrench;
36" Diameter 1.5 Radius in Ft.
manually seat and back seat the valves with caution, espe-
cially when equipped with bevel gears.
Envelope dimensions (centerline-to-top 2. Determine dimensions A and B from the The following dimensions are based on
open) for Pacific valves furnished with table below for the actuator selected in Limitorque B320 actuators. Use of other
bevel gears can be estimated from the Step 1. actuators may require the use of mounting
following data. These dimensions are for adapter plates that could increase the over-
estimating purposes and can not be used 3. Add the B dimension shown below plus all valve-actuator height, contact factory be-
for construction. 1/2 the handwheel diameter to the fore using dimensions for other actuators.
“centerline-to-top closed” dimension
Note that many Pacific pressure seal valves listed in the appropriate valve section. In most cases height will be 1 to 2 inches
are furnished with bevel gear actuators as (Note—for pressure seal valves that are less than determined using the above
standard. Refer to the envelope dimen- not normally furnished with bevel gears, method as it ignores the height of the stem
sions in the Pressure Seal section for deduct 90% of the nominal valve size in above the top of the yoke. Many actuators
specific sizes. Use the following to esti- inches from the “centerline-to-top open” can be mounted directly to the top of the
mate dimensions for all bolted bonnet and dimensions to estimate the “centerline- yoke, however, some sizes require the use
pressure seal valves that are not normally to-top closed dimension”). of mounting adapter plates. If adapter plates
furnished with bevel gears. are required they will fit within this space.
4. Compare the “centerline-to-top open”
To estimate envelope dimensions: dimension listed in the appropriate valve
1. Determine the actuator size needed section to the result of Step 3. The larg-
based on the torque required for oper- est dimension will determine the size of
ating conditions. Refer to page 9 for the operating envelope needed.
bevel gear sizing.
A Dia
Base Unit
Approx. Wt.
Unit Type & Size (Lbs.) A B C
(lbs.) Unit SGA (in.) (in.) (in.)
5. Control voltage.
9. Auxiliary equipment:
a) push-button stations,
b) reversing controllers,
c) position indicators,
d) other (i.e., stem covers, etc.)
Cylinder Actuators
Air or gas cylinder actuators include single or double acting, fail open be accommodated with standard bore size cylinders assuming
or closed by mechanical spring or pneumatic force. They can be minimum 80 PSIG field air supply. Thrust requirements between
manufactured to accommodate any length stroke. The limitations of 25,000 Ibs. and 75,000 Ibs. can be accommodated by boosting or
air cylinder actuators are mechanical spring limits and thrust re- intensifying field air pressure to a higher working pressure for the
quirements in excess of 75,000 Ibs. Mechanical springs used with cylinder and stored locally in a high pressure air tank.
air cylinders can be sized for up to 20,000 Ibs. of thrust and have a
stroke limit of about 14" max. depending on thrust output required. Hydraulic systems are better suited and more economical for thrust
requirements over 75,000 Ibs. Cylinder actuators can be provided
In applications where mechanical springs can not be used, a with manual overrides for emergency valve actuation, fail safe mode
pneumatic spring provided with stored air pressure is capable of and other accessories.
providing a fail safe mode. Thrust requirements up to 25,000 Ibs. can
Diaphragm Actuators
Diaphragm actuators available are: double acting (air pressure second limitation is output thrust, this is the major constraint in
required open or close), direct acting (air pressure required to close, selecting this type of actuator for use with our unbalanced plug globe
mechanical spring to open) or reverse acting (mechanical spring to valves. Most manufacturers can provide diaphragm areas up to 200
close, air pressure required to open). square inches, however, maximum air pressure allowed for actua-
tion decreases. Maximum air pressures are as low as 45 PSIG for
This very simple and very economical actuator has application large area diaphragms available from most major manufacturers
limitations. The first limitation is stroke; a 4" stroke is the longest thus limiting thrust output. Manual override handwheels are avail-
available from most manufacturers. This limits adaptable valve size able as an option.
to gate valves 4" and smaller and globe valves in smaller sizes. The
Stem Extension
Mounting Bracket
Handwheel
Handwheel
Handwheel
Bevel Gear
Yoke
Yoke
By-Passes
By-passes serve two purposes. First, they are used in steam service Gate valve by-passes shall be regularly attached to the side of the
to warm-up the line before the main valve is opened. Second, they main valve with the stems of both valves parallel and pointing
are used on steam and other lines to balance the pressure on both upward (between locations A & B).
sides of the main valve wedge or disc to aid in opening a large valve.
Globe valve by-passes shall be regularly attached to the right side
Pacific valves can be furnished with all welded-on by-passes when of the main valve with the stems of valve parallel and pointing
specified. By-passes are equipped with a single OS&Y globe valve upward. The right side of the globe valve is the side at the right when
with a pressure/temperature rating and corrosion resistance equal facing the flow port which leads to the underside of the disc
to or exceeding that of the main valve. (between location E & F).
F
A B
Front View
A B
A B
G
C D
G
A B E&F
F
E A&B
C D
D
C
Globe Valves
E F
Gate Valves
A G B
A B C D
C G D E F
Check Valves
Note: The sketches shown represent valves with symmetrical shapes.
Sketches are illustrative only and do not infer design.
Compact Gate,
Globe and Check Valves
JENKINS
®