Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Body shaming has become a serious issue in our society. It is a form of

bullying, as well as being humiliating, it can lead to short and long term psychological,

and health related issues. Body shaming occurs in three main ways, criticizing yourself,

criticizing someone else in front of them, and criticizing someone else behind their back.

The issue of body image has traditionally been seen as being a female concern, but there

has been an increase in focus put on how it affects men.

In our society, it’s difficult to love your body without effort, and it can take

many years of work to get there. There are many challenges to face before one feels

compassion, acceptance, and ultimately love their body.

In schools, some of students experiencing body shaming in their lives; it can

give their negative impact in schools and public places. Students were also more

concerned with confidentiality when it comes to talking about personal feeling/anxieties.

In fact, body shaming can affect adults as well in their workplaces or social lives.

According to the Orthodox Dictionary, body shaming is, “the action or practice of

humiliating someone by making mocking or critical comments about their body shape or

size.” (Parker, 2018).

The diagnostic criteria of eating disorders involve the strong control of weight

and disordered eating behaviors in addition to the cognitive and emotional components of

them. Furthermore, eating disorders are marked by medical complications, psychosocial

impairment and co-morbid psychopathology. For instance, eating pathology increases

the risk of the onset of obesity as well as affective disorders such as depression and

substance abuse (Stice& Shaw, 2002).

Historical Background

Indicating one’s wealth and power by weight was common in the Renaissance

time period. This article is aimed to educate anyone who stumbles upon this encyclopedic

literature (Webb, Fiery, & Jafari., 2016). Stigma in Practice brings attention to Health

disparities pertaining to bigger individuals. Lee points out in the research that overweight

women with cervical or breast cancers are more likely to die than non-fat women from

the same cancers. Lee explains that this phenomenon has occurred because practitioner’s

biases believe overweight individuals have poor health, so their predetermining factors

for cancer are overlooked due to the ideology that poor health leads to death. The stigma

of weight within this Western cultural belief is infiltrating our physicians. Creating an

implicit bias among them leading to their misdiagnoses. The problem needs to be deep

rooted, pulled and cleaned out of our western views. The stereotype will only grow worse

with a continuation to enable these belief systems (Lee &Pausé, 2016).

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the significant of the impact of body shaming in

senior high school student’s in Stratford International School, General Santos City.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the Body Shaming?

2. Who can usually experience this problem?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following people:

To the Parents. This study shall let the parents help their children to encourage and to be

disciplined when it comes to eating food.

To the School Administrator. To let them create an orientation for student’s. Give them

advice that can must be prevent the situation.

To the Teachers. The teachers will be providing a BMI of their students

To the Community. It will help them to be aware.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focused in the impact of body shaming in senior highschool students

in Stratford International School, General Santos City.It is a descriptive survey research

to determine the impact of body shame of every student. The researchers purposely

selected the respondents as a part of the sample in these.

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on the concept on the Frontiers in Psychology that the

body surveillance can produce negative emotional experiences like body shame, the

emotion that occurs when “people evaluate themselves relative to some internalized or

cultural ideal and come up short”, women living in a culture that sexualizes the female

body who then internalize an observer’s perspective on their own bodies, thus treating

themselves as an object to be looked at and evaluated on the basis of appearance

(Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997, p. 181).Therefore, it’s plausible that highly materialistic

women will attach great importance to their physical appearance and are more likely to

take an objectifying perspective on themselves and report monitoring of their bodies.

Indeed, experimental and correlational research has found that materialism contributes to

the development of women’s self-objectification (Teng et al., 2016). This in turn may

contribute to various mental health risks such as body image disturbance and disordered

eating (for a review, seeMoradi and Huang, 2008).

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part of chapter presents the different studies and literatures, which provided

basis for the development of the study.

Body image is defined as “how a person feels about his appearance.” Developing

and nurturing a positive body image is considered part of a healthy mental attitude and is

crucial to a person’s happiness and wellness. Body image is a combination of how we

perceive ourselves about basic looks and how we react emotionally in certain situations

(Sloan 2006).

Being overweight and skinny are sources of dissatisfaction, depression, and

frustration, which may lead to extreme dieting and eating disorders such as Anorexia

nervosa and Bulimia. The most common assumption about the link between depression

and obesity is that overweight is viewed negatively by the society resulting in

discrimination even among children in schools and adults in workplaces (Margraf, 2000).

Body shaming was predicting poor physical health. That is, by promoting

attitudes that are negative against bodily processes and therefore decreasing health

assessments and having an impact on physical health. The results indicated that body

shaming predicted poor self-rated health. Body shame also predicted expansion in

infections and symptoms. However, body shame might develop in perception of poor

health and future research might consider employing methods to assess health outcomes
that do not build on self-reports of health. These findings raise some important questions

that need to be answered, for example, how much health toll body shame is taking. That

is something that we do not know yet. However, the results suggest that body shame

could harm our physical health and we could use that as a motivation to love our bodies

(Lamont, 2015).

Having a negative body image may be a contributing factor to poor self-esteem,

Feelings of perfectionism, and negative eating attitudes and behaviors, which have been

identified as predisposing factors to eating disorders (Perez et al. 2003).

Furthermore, shame is also related to poor physical health, indicative of

deregulations of the immune system a few numbers of studies have been conducted on

the consequences of body shame on physical health. However, researchers are starting to

think that body shame or the tendency to judge our body harshly, is not just affecting our

mental states, but also actually causing physical illnesses (Kamen & Seligman, 1987).

Women seem to be more dissatisfied or negative about their bodies at all ages.

Body dissatisfaction seems to be remarkably stable across the entire female lifespan.

Women aged 30 to 75 yrs. show potential levels of body dissatisfaction just like younger

women. Between 55% to 95% of women, express dissatisfaction with their bodies and

chronic dieting may pose a particular health risk for women as they age (Tiggeman,

1999).

Even argues that body shaming issues are growing; hence, most women are being

deprived of their body type and image based on how social media portrays the ideal and

perfect body of women (Andrew, 2012)

Women who perceived themselves as bigger as or smaller than the ideal body size for

their ethnic group showed bulimic symptoms (Perez et al. 2003).

Campus-based healthy-weight interventions, notably, are increasingly deploying

weight interventions via social media that connects peers; this is an additional reason that

understanding the role friendship plays in mediating weight stigma and its negative

mental health outcomes can assist with more effective intervention design.

We also identified coping strategies employed by all women to combat restrictive

cultural beauty expectations, experiences of sexism and racism, familial body criticism,

and upward body comparisons. Consistent with prior conceptualizations of positive body

image women in our sample described appreciating the uniqueness of their body and

valuing the functionality of their bodies, accepting their bodily imperfections, discounting

negative feedback from others, creating empowering relationships with others who share

positive body image views, and investing effort into appearance to feel attractive. Future

studies should continue to explore how positive body image is expressed among Asian

American women, such as through less self-consciousness, less intensive grooming

efforts, or vigilance about weight, and how this may or may not be different compared to

women of other racial groups (Tylka & Barcalow, 2015).

According to objectification theory, women living in a culture that sexualizes the

female body who then internalize an observer’s perspective on their own bodies, thus

treating themselves as an object to be looked at and evaluated based on appearance. This

perspective, termed “self-objectification,” often manifests in body surveillance, or the

individual habitually monitoring her outward appearance (Fredrickson and Roberts,

1997).

In fact, in a consumerist society, women’s bodies are often commercialized and

objectified. For example, in advertisements, an ideal woman’s body is often used as the

selling point to attract attention and arouse people’s desire to consume(Cheng, 2015).

Therefore, it is plausible that highly materialistic women will attach great

importance to their physical appearance and are more likely to take an objectifying

perspective on themselves and report monitoring of their bodies. Indeed, experimental

and correlational research has found that materialism contributes to the development of

women’s self-objectification (Teng et al., 2016).

Women who reported expectations of perfectionism in their families, and who had

more intergenerational family conflict, were more likely to internalize instances of family

body criticism and feel worse about their bodies. This partly aligns with another study

that found that expectations of perfectionism in the family were associated with

heightened self-criticism and preoccupation with appearance (Frederick 46 et al., 2016).

 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

These chapters present the methods of study, Research design, Locale of the

study, research instrument, Respondents and sampling Used, Data gathering procedures.

Research Design

This study used descriptive correlation survey design of research because the

main purpose is to determine the Body Shaming Experienced of Grade 11 TVL-KHAN

students in Stratford international school, General Santos City.

Descriptive research involves to collection of this study was to examine whether

body shame was predicting physical illnesses and negative self-reported physical health.

To test hypothesis or to answer questions concerning the status of the subject of the

study.

Locale of the Study

 This study was conducted in Stratford International School, General Santos City.

This schools is one of the progressive schools in General Santos City. Where it has a

buildings and faculties.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a self-made survey questionnaire intended to solicit

pertained data needed to answer sub problems of the study. It consists of questions to

determine the Body Shaming experienced of grade 11 TVL KHAN Students in Stratford

International School.

Respondents and Sampling Used

The respondents of this study are the 10 students from the Grade 11 TVL KHAN.

The respondents will be the students in Stratford International School and some students

of Grade 11 TVL KHAN are included in Stratford International School, General Santos

City, they were chosen through random sampling.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were observed in gathering data for the study:

Asking permission to conduct the study. The researchers made a request and

approved from the Practical Research Instructor and Class adviser in Stratford

International School for the permission to conduct the study.

Distribution of questionnaires to the respondents. When the request letter was

approved, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents of Grade 11

TVL KHAN.
 Rational of questionnaire from the respondents. When the selected

respondents were finished in answering the questionnaire, the questionnaire were

retrieved immediately.

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Presented in this are the data gathered, the tabular presentation and corresponding
interpretation.

Table 1

Indicators Interpretation
1. Have you ever been
body shamed.
2. Have you ever body
shame in someone.
3. Do you think body
shaming is an issue that
should be addressed in
schools.
4. When you look at
images of others in the
media, or even in public
did you feel jealous of the
way they look.
5. Have you ever tried to
use a supplement for
fitness.
6. Did you really loved
 your body.
7. Have you anyone you
know can suffered with a
body shaming
8. Do you feel that you can
only wear a certain items of
clothing because of your
body.
9. Body shaming related
issues in health and
psychological
10. Body shaming can
affect as well their social
lives
Distribution on the Body Shaming Experienced of Grade 11 TVL KHAN Students in
Stratford International School, General Santos City

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations derived from the study.

Summary

This study aimed to determine the Body Shaming Experienced of Grade 11 TVL

-KHAN Stratford International School, General Santos City.

Specially, it sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is Body Shamed?

2. Who can usually experienced this problem?

This study used the descriptive survey method of research. The respondents of

this study are the 10 students from the Grade 11 TVL KHAN. The respondents will be

the students in Stratford International School and some students of Grade 11 TVL KHAN
are included in Stratford International School, General Santos City. The respondents were

chosen purposive sampling for the Grade 11 TVL – KHAN students, while

The following are the major findings of the study:

1. Body shaming was predicting poor physical health. That is, by promoting attitudes that

are negative against bodily processes and therefore decreasing health assessments and

having an impact on physical health. The results indicated that body shaming predicted

poor self-rated health. Body shame also predicted expansion in infections and symptoms.

2. Women seem to be more dissatisfied or negative about their bodies at all ages. Body

dissatisfaction seems to be remarkably stable across the entire female lifespan. Women

aged 30 to 75 yrs. show potential levels of body dissatisfaction just like younger women.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study the following are the recommendations:

1. The body shaming experienced of grade 11 TVL- KHAN students is strongly

disagree. This means that the body shaming in implementing the schools are not

noticeable nowadays.

2. Women’s are usually experienced this issues. This means that body shaming is

not highly observed in General Santos City.

Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions the following recommendations are drawn:

1. The Parents will let them children to encourage and give them stronger faithful.

Give them accurate advice to helped them children mind, when it comes to eating

their must be responsible and disciplined .

2. The School Administrator may impose programs and orientations that students

will can relief their stress. Give them support so that the issue of body shaming

will be stopped. Make an activities to prevent those issues in society.

3. The Teachers may guide their apprentice to never get bullied or can commit

bully to one person. May observe those students that affected in body shaming or

even psychological illnesses.

4. Members of the community may support the program of the body shaming to

prevent the health issues, implemented people to be aware and make them

orientation on how to balanced eating.

 References

Cheng, L. (2015). The commercialization of female bodies in consumer society. J.

Humanit. 9, 123–125.

Fredrickson, B. L. and Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification theory: toward

understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychol. Women Q.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x

Frederick D.A., Sandhu G., Kelly M.C., Latner J.D., &Tsong Y. (2016). Body image

and face image in Asian American and white women: Examining associations with

surveillance, construal of self, perfectionism, and sociocultural pressures. Body

Image, 16, 113-125. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.12.002

Hawks, SR., Smith, T. &Madanat, HN. (2005). Body size perceptions among rural

Filipino women: accuracy, desirability, and implications. Third Asia-Oceania Conference

on Obesity. 25-27 February 2005; Taipei, Taiwan: Chinese Taipei Association for the

Study of Obesity (CTASO), Taiwan Medical Association for the Study of Obesity

(TMASO). p.1

Kamen, L. P., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1987). Explanatory style and health. Current

Psychology, 6(3), 207–218. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686648

Lamont, J. M. (2015). Trait body shame predicts health outcomes in college women: A

Longitudinal investigation. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(6), 998–1008.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9659-9

Lee, J. A. & Pausé, C. J. (2016). Stigma in Practice: Barriers to Health for Fat Women.

Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 2063.

Margraf, J. (2000). No, you cannot have the figure you want: Unrealistic expectations.

In: Weighty Matters: Getting to grips with corpulence. Hoffman RF (ed). Basel,

Switzerland: La Roche Ltd. 84p.

Moradi, B. and Huang, Y. P. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women:

a decade of advances and future directions. Psychol. Women Q.

Parker, A. (2018). The impact of body shaming. Retrieved from

https://wildcatvoice.org/3643/opinion/the-impacts-of-body-shaming/
Perez, M. & Joiner Te JR. (2003). Body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating in

black and white women. Int J Eating Disorders 33(3) 342-350.

Sloan, B. (2000). Body image. Ohio State University Factsheet. Retrieved from

http://ohioline.osu.edu/hygfact/5000/5238.html.August 18, 2006

Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and

maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of

Psychosomatic Research, 53, 985-993.

Teng, F et al.,(2016). Materialism predicts young Chinese women’s self-objectification

and body surveillance. Sex Roles

Webb, Fiery, & Jafari. (2016). “You better not leave me shaming!”: Conditional

indirect effect analyses of anti-fat attitudes, body shame, and fat talk as a function of self-

compassion in college women. Body Image.

 Stratford International School
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL OF
TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD
Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue
General Santos City

March 3, 2020

Sir/Ma’am.

Greetings!

The undersigned below are TVL students Of Stratford International School, are doing a
research entitled “BODY SHAMING EXPERIENCED OFGRADE 11 TVL-KHAN
STUDENTS IN STRATFORD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL” Our respondents are
the TVL Khan students.

In connection with this, we are hoping for your cooperation and approval to conduct and
distribute our survey questionnaire to the respondents. We will assure you that all
information will be gathered and treated confidentially. We are hoping for your positive
response. Thank you very much.
 Sincerely yours,

DANI-LIN DELA ROSA and JASON BOLOGA

JAMES ROSAS and KHRISSHA PEARL TAPDASAN

MITCHU-APRIL GANDAM and MYLES BABELYN GABITO

Researchers

Approved by:

RALPH JASSANI H. SALAH

PR1 Teacher

CHERRY LOU C. VILLARANTE

Class Adviser

Appendix A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
BODY SHAMING EPERIENCED OF GRADE 11 TVL- KHAN STUDENTS IN
STRATFORD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Name: Gender:

Direction: Put a check mark on the space provided that suit to your observations.

Legend:

5- Strongly Disagree 3- Strongly Agree 1- Both

4- Disagree 2- Agree

INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1

1. Have you ever been body shamed

2. Have you ever body shame in someone

3. Do you think body shaming is an issue that should be
addressed in schools.
4. When you look at images of others in the media, or even in
public did you feel jealous of the way they look.
5.Have you ever tried to use a supplement for fitness.

6. Did you really loved your body.

7. Have you anyone you know can suffered with a body

shaming
8. Do you feel that you can only wear a certain items of
clothing because of your body.
9. Body shaming related issues in health and psychological.

10. Body shaming can affect as well their social lives.