Lecture 6

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 Learning Outcome
Student will be able to balance chemical equation and will
be able to identify mole ratios of reactants and
Products
Student will be able to solve the problems given at the
end of Lecture.

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**These Slides are for Reading Purpose Only**

**Lovely Professional University**

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 Writing a word equation
A word equation can be used to describe any chemical
reaction.
The steps for writing a word equation are:
1. On the right-hand side, put the name(s) of the reactant(s). If
there are two or more reactants, link them with a + sign.

2. In the middle, draw an arrow ().

3. On the right-hand side, put the name(s) of the product(s). If

there are two or more products, link them with a + sign.

reactant 1 + reactant 2  Product 1 + Product 2

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 What is chemical equation?
• Chemical reaction equations are mathematical and symbolic
models of real world compound and events.
• When a chemical reaction occurs, it can be described by an
equation.
• This shows the chemicals that react (called the reactants) on
the left-hand side,
• The chemicals that they produce (called the products) on the
right-hand side.
• The chemicals can be represented by their names or by their
chemical symbols.
• Unlike mathematical equations, the two sides are separated
by an arrow, that indicates that the reactants form the
products and not the other way round.

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Reactant Product

Sugar Carbon + water

C12H22O11 12C + 11H2O

Sodium Bicarbonate Sodium carbonate + water +Carbon dioxide

NaHCO3 Na2CO3+ H2O + CO2

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 Thermochemical equations
• The reaction which takes place with the
evolution of heat called exothermic reaction

• The reaction which takes place with the

absorption of heat called endothermic
reaction
• C + O2 ----- CO2 + Heat Exothermic
• C + 2S ----- CS2 – Heat Endothermic
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Balancing Chemical Equation

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There could be two kinds of equation:
1. skeleton equation - is an equation which just
represents a chemical change but it is not –
balanced.
Eg. KNO3 KNO2 + O2

2. balanced equation –is the equation in which the

total number of atoms in the reactant is same as the
number of the atom in the product formed.
Eg. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2

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 How to balance the chemical
equation
1. Count the number of times (frequency) an
element is occurring on the both the sides.

2. Element with less frequency is balanced first.

3. when two or more elements have same

frequency then metallic element is preferred.

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 Methods
1. Inspection/hit and trail method

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmdxMlb8
8Fs

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 Hit and Trial method
Eg. NH4NO3 N2O + H2O
Right hand side Left hand side
N=2 N=2 (balanced)
O=3 O=2 (not balanced)
H=4 H=2 (not balanced)

O and H can be balance by adding coefficient 2 to the H2O

NH4NO3 N2O +2 H2O

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 Examples
H2 + O2 H2O

H2CO3 H2O + CO2

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 Example
• Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsTaZc-
_3rI

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 Homework
• Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2
• PbS + O3 PbSO4 + O2
• NH3 + Cl2 N2 + NH4Cl

• Fe2O3 + Al Fe + Al2O3

• C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

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Completing word equations

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Match the names and the formulae

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What is the ratio of atoms?

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 Books

• Text Book
1. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYby P.C.JAIN AND MONIKA JAIN,
DHANPAT RAI PUBLICATIONS
2. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY by B.SIVASANKAR, MCGRAW HILL
EDUCATION

• Reference book
APPLIED CHEMISTRY-I by S.C. AHUJA AND DR. G.H. HUGAR, EAGLE PRAKASHAN

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