-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2010
Rajanikanth,
Mahaboobabad.
Q. Please explain the following
underlined word whether it
is past tense or present
tense.
A creative person would be
an extraordinary.
A This sentence is wrong.
. †’Nyç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞Ôx-î√a¢√?
Extraordinary is an adjective. We don't use
'a/ an and the' before an adjective. The cor-
rect from of the sentence is:
A creative person would be extraordinary/ A
creative Person would be an extraordinary
person.
Q. Didn't I have been to home/ house? - is this
sentence correct.
A. Wrong. The correct form is:
Haven't I been (to) home? (ØËEç-öÀéÀ
(You don't use, 'did and have
¢Á∞¡x™‰üΔ?)
He is driving us to str eets
been' in the same sentence)
Q. Can we use the verb 'is' after the abstract
noun?
e.g. : I like her agreeableness and it is very
good or
e.g. : My goodness is to help them.
A. Why not? Even an abstract noun can be the
subject of a sentence and any verb can fol-
low it if it can give meaning.
e.g. : Goodness (Abs. noun) is rare
(´’ç*-
Here 'Goodness' is an abstract
ûª†ç Å®Ω’ü¿’).
noun, and it is followed by 'is'.
'It is very good' is correct. My goodness is to
help them, is also correct.
Q. He ate the mango
Is the above underlined word predicate or
object?
In the book Essential English Grammar by
Raymond Murphy- it is said that 'persons'
shouldn't be used- Explain.
A. 'Mango' in the sentence is the object of the
verb. It is a part of the predicate 'the mango'.
Predicate = What the sentence says about
the subject. It usually consists of the verb,
and the object.
'... persons shouldn't be used' - The mean-
ing of this sentence is not clear. Any noun/
noun-phrase/ noun-clause can be used as
the object of a verb in a sentence.
S. Rana Suxena, Yellandu.
Q. Please clarify the following doubt.
The dog could easily have been half a mile-
What is the meaning of the sentence.
A. The correct form of the sentence- The dog
could have been half a mile away = It is pos-
sible that/ possibly the dog was half a mile
away = May be the dog was half a mile away
=  Green = of green colour of anything.
Ç èπ◊éπ\ Å®Ω ¢Á’i©’ ü¿÷®Ωç™ ÖçüË¢Á÷/ Öçúø-
´îª’a.
Q. He has been dead twenty five years- is this
sentence correct? as no 'for the past' or
'since' mentioned.
A. No. It is not. The correct form is = 'for the
past twenty five years' and not 'since 25
years'.
Q. Please translate the following sentences
into English.
1) T© T™« éÌô’d-é̆’ (îË°æ)
2) Åûªúø’ ´’´’tLo O-üμ¿’-©-§ƒ©’ îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
immediately ( × )
A 1) Wriggling
. (JTxçí˚) – Wriggle (Jí∫’™¸) =
T™« T™« éÌô’d-éÓ-´úøç.
2) He is driving us to streets.
Q. I have been to home how do we make ques-
tion like have you been to home?
Is the above sentence correct?
A. 'Have you been to home?' is not correct.
'Have you been home?' is the correct form =
A. Sudharkar, Peddamallareddy.
Q. Please clarify whether these are Simple/
Complex/ or Compound- sentences.
1) A man and his partner, both plumbers,
were voicing irritation at the construction
site of hospital.
2) Sure enough there was a leak but they
couldn't say where.
3) It would be a major job to break up the
floor.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 625
4) Just then a doctor dropped by
to see how things were pro-
gressing.
M.SURESAN
5) Crawling along the floor, he
soon located the leak.
A. 1. This is a simple sentence because there
is only one main clause - 'were voicing ...
hospital.'
2. Compound sentences - 2 main clauses:
1) There was a leak, 2) they could not
stay there, joined by the conjunction,
'but'.
3. Simple - only one main clause - It would
be a major job.
4. Complex: One main clause: Just then a
doctor dropped by: + One subordinate
clause - to see how things were progress-
ing.
5. Simple: Just one main clause - He locat-
ed the leak.
K.V. Rao, Visakhapatnam.
Q. éÀçC °æüΔ©ûÓ meanings ™ shade of differ-
ence †’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Difference between-
 Don't' misunderstand me & Don't take me
amiss.
 Wear a dress & don a dress.
 Trendy & Fashionable.
 Modest & Humble.
 Violent & Severe.
 Many times & Many a time.
 What's up & What's happened?
 Enroute & On the way.
 Green & Verdant.
 Behaviour & Demeanour.
A.  Don't misunderstand me = Don't under-
stand me wrongly
Don't take me amiss - This is not correct.
The correct expression is:
Don't take it amiss if I give you advice =
Don't misunderstand my giving you advice.
Note that 'take amiss' is followed always by
'some thing' and not by any personal pro-
noun/ noun indicating a person.
Please don't take me amiss if I don't reply
('Amiss' followed
by a person)
Please don't take
amiss my not
replying immedi-
ately. ('amiss' fol-
lowed by an idea)
(✓) = ؈’ ¢ÁçôØË
ï¢√•’ É´y-éπ-§Ú-´-ú≈Eo ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓèπ◊.
Please don't take it amiss if I don't reply
immediately =
؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ï¢√•’ É´y-éπ-§ÚûË
✓
ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓèπ◊ ( )
Åçõ‰ Misunderstand ûª®√yûª ´uéÀh Ê°®Ω’ (Noun)/
He, she, it ™«çöÀ pronouns ®√´îª’a. Amiss
ûª®√yûª ´uéÀh Ê°®Ω’/ Personal.
 Wear a dress and don a dress
First of all, 'a dress' is for women and some-
times for children; for men it is clothes.
'Wear' something is conversational and is
more common than 'don'. 'Don' is very for-
mal and is rarely used in conversa-
tion.
(ûÁ©’í∫’™ ü¿’Ææ’h©’ '¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç—,
'üμ¿Jçîªúøç—– Ñ È®çöÀ-èπ◊†o ûËú≈ØË wear
èπ◊, don èπÿ)
 Trendy = Very fashionable.
'Trendy' is informal, that is, not
used on official and important
occasions; and in respectable cir-
cles.
 Humble = Not proud = Modest - but there is
some important difference.
When a person is humble, they are not
proud, and are aware of (know)/ their weak-
nesses and defects which they may have.
When a person is modest, they are not
proud, though they are great and do not
have any weaknesses or defects.
(Humble
í¬ Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ ûª´’ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç °æôx
í∫®Ωyç Öçúøü¿’. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ ûª´’-èπ◊†o
ÅÆæ´’®Ωnûª©’, ™§ƒ-©†’ ¢√®Ω’ áJT Öçö«®Ω’.)
Modest í¬ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx ûª´’ íÌ°æp-ûª†ç í∫’Jç* í∫®Ωy-
°æ-úø®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ O∞¡x-ÍéO’ ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωn-ûª©÷,
™§ƒ©÷ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)
 Violent = Using force to cause injury = £œ«ç≤ƒ-
ûªt-éπ-¢Á’i†, üˆ®Ωb-†u-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
Severe = harsh (éπJ∏-†-¢Á’i†) or strict (Bv´-¢Á’i†)
 Many times = Many a time = î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x, Many
times is conversational (¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç). Many
a time is bookish (ví¬çC∑éπç) and poetic.
´÷´‚©’ ®Ωîª-†™x Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù™x many a time
¢√úøç.
 What's up? = What is going on?
What is happening = àç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC?
What is (What has) happened? =
ïJTçC?
 Enroute (Pronounced on root) = on the way.
Enroute is formal -
é¬Ææh ví¬çC∑éπç/ §ƒçúÕûªuç
Verdant = Being green due to the colour of
trees, plants and grass.
All 'green' need not be due to their being ver-
dant verdant-
(îÁôx, ¢Á·éπ\© °æîªa-ü¿†ç –
green)
®Ωéπ¢Á’i† °æîªa-ü¿-†-¢Á’iØ√
 Behaviour = the way a person behaves
=
†úø-´úÕ
Demeanour = The behaviour of a person as
seen by others
= äéπJ †úø-´úÕ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ éπ†-°æúË B®Ω’. (†úø-´úÕ
éπE-°œçîË Nüμ¿ç)
2
He maintained a dignified demeanour
=
£æ›çüΔí¬ Ö†o †úø-´-úÕE v°æü¿-Jzç-î√úø’/ îª÷ÊÆ-
¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Åûªúø’ £æ›çüΔ †úø-´-úÕûÓ éπE-°œç-î√úø’.
Q. 'Inhibitions' Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
I have no inhibitions
I have no reservations
(My) 'Reflections'
Åçõ‰ àN’ö N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’
A. Inhibitions = GúÕߪ’ç/ ¶„®Ω’èπ◊. ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†o-
üΔEo •ßª’-öÀéÀ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´úøç, ´·êuçí¬
´’†èπ◊†o •©-£‘«-ûª-†-ûª-™«xç-öÀC.
The presence of their teacher caused inhibi-
tions in them = teacher
¢√∞¡x Ææ´’-éπ~ç™ ¢√∞¡Ÿx
îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊-†oC îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’ ¶„®Ω’-èπ◊ûÓ. îËߪ÷-
©-†’-èπ◊-†oC îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’ (GúÕߪ’ç, ¶„®Ω’-èπ◊-´©x)
Reservations = A feeling of doubt about cer-
tain persons/ things/ plans.
= éÌçûª-´’çC ´uèπ◊h©/ ´u´-£æ…-®√-©-°æôx ´’†-èπ◊†o
ÆæçüË-£æ…©’.
I have reservations about the success of the
unique ID Card =
v°æûËuéπ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ é¬®Ω’f Nïߪ’ç
í∫’Jç* Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£æ…-©’-Ø√o®·.
K. Srikrishna Kumar, Bapatla.
Q. I have my own Philosophy about such
things
°j ¢√éπuç™ 'about' adverb/ preposition ûÁ©-°æ-
í∫-©®Ω’.
'about'†’ adverbí¬ á™« ¢√úøû√ç, preposition
í¬ á™« ¢√úø-û√¢Á÷ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. 'About' Ééπ\úø preposition éπüΔ. such things
´·çü¿’-¢√-úÕçC. Things (noun) ´·çü¿’ ´*açC.
üΔE B®Ω’†’ í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûÓçC 鬕öÀd.
Adverb use of 'about' - adverb Åçõ‰ verb
ûÁLÊ° °æEE í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’çC éπüΔ?
a) He went about asking everyone for help.
about = around =
Ééπ\úø Åô÷ Éô÷ ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ
b) The book costs about Rs. 100/- = Ç
°æ¤Ææhéπç üΔüΔ°æ¤ 100 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ îËÆæ’hçC.
Q. 1. Now-a-days poor parents are facing trou-
bles to get their daughters married due to
dowry system.
2. Now a days poor parents are facing trou-
bles to marry off their daughters due to
dowry system.
correct ?
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC
A. 1. Now a days poor parents are facing trou-
ble (troubles to get their daughters
é¬ü¿’)
married because of/ owing to (due to
é¬ü¿’) the dowry system = Now a days
poor parents are facing trouble (troubles
é¬ü¿’)marrying off (to marry off their
é¬ü¿’)
daughters, owing to/ because of the
àç
dowry system.
Srinu, Darsi
Q. M.I.M. too is keeping its cards close to it's
chest.
A. M.I.M. ûª†’ àç îËߪ’-¶-ûÓçD î√™« ®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬
Öç-ûÓçC. Ééπ\úÕ Idiom: keeping cards close
to one's chest - á´-È®jØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
à ®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬ Öç-éÓ-´-úøç – (Ê°é¬-ô™, cards
(Ê°éπ©)†’ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ éπE-°œç-îª-E-´y-èπ◊çú≈ ´’†
®Ì´·tèπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´-úøç)
Q. There is no denying that his stock had plum-
meted since 26/ 11.
A. 26/ 11 Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-T-†-°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Åûª-úÕ °æ®Ω-°æA
(stock) ¶«í¬ °æúÕ-§Ú-®·çC (plummeted) ÅØË
N≠æߪ’ç é¬ü¿-†-™‰-EC.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 12 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2010
E. Anil, Bapatla.
Q. Sir, 'to infinitive' í∫’Jç*
í∫ûªç™ N´-Jç-î √®Ω’. é¬F
compliment ™ to infinitive
†’, üΔE Å®√nEo, N’í∫û√
Ææçü¿®√s¥™ x to infinitive †’
¢√úøôç-´©x ´îËa difference †’
ûÁ©°æí∫©®Ω’.
A. To +1st Regular Doing Word (go, sing, walk
etc.) To go, to sing, to walk, etc., infini-
†’ †’
tiveÅçö«ç.
DEo ´‚úø’ Å®√n-©ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. 1) ÖüËl¨»Eo ûÁL-
Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ (purpose) 'éÌ®Ωèπ◊, èπ◊— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
2) 'ÅE— Å®ΩnçûÓ 3) ®√´úøç, îËߪ’úøç, A†úøç, etc.
™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ
1) Purpose (ÖüËl¨¡ç)
a) He is here to meet his friend = ûª†
ÊÆo£œ«ûª’úÕE éπL-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊/ éπL-ÊÆ-éÌ-®Ωèπ◊ (pur-
pose) Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’.
b) She has come here to search for a book
Goodness builds good friendships
= °æ¤Ææhéπç ¢ÁA-Íéç-ü¿’èπ◊, Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´*açC.
2) 'ÅE— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ..
Sarala wants togo = Ææ®Ω∞¡ ¢Á∞«x-©E
ņ’èπ◊çöçC.
Bhanu wishes to help Lakshmi = ©éÀ~ téÀ
≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷-©E ¶μ«†’ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
3) †úø-´ôç, A†úøç, etc. ™«çöÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ..
a) To walk such a distance is not easy = Ç
ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´ôç Ææ’©¶μºç é¬ü¿’.
b) To understand it (ÅC Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
ûËLéπ)
i) She is coming to see you = Ç¢Á’ E†’o
îª÷úøö«-EéÀ ´≤ÚhçC.
Ééπ\úÕ Verb, is coming. DEéÀ object Öçúøü¿’
éπüΔ? Åçü¿’-éπE 'To see you' ÅØË infinitive †’
Ééπ\úø complement (sentence †’ complete
îËÊÆC) Å´¤-ûª’çC.
ii) The officer asked him to finish the work.
Ééπ\úø verb, 'asked'. DEéÀ object: 'to finish'
ÅØË infinitive. Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø infinitive †’ object
í¬ ¢√ú≈ç ņo-´÷ô.
iii) To Understand it is easy = ÅC/ üΔEo Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç Ææ’©¶μºç. Ééπ\úø to understand ÅØË
infinitive †’ subject of a sentence í¬
¢√ú≈ç.
ÉO 'infinitive' †’ ¢√úË N-üμΔ-Ø√©’: 1) subject of
a sentence, 2) object of a verb and 3) com-
plement.
O’®Ω’ É´Fo Ç™-*Ææ÷h English ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊,
®√ÊÆç-ü¿’èπÿ v°æߪ’-AoÊÆh, O’éπFo ÆæçüË-£æ…-©’í¬ ÖçúÕ,
àC ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰®Ω’, ®√ߪ’-™‰®Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπE Ñ tech-
nical aspects Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ö«xúË,
®√ÊÆ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’çúÕ. O’èπ◊ English ûªy®Ωí¬
´Ææ’hçC.
Q. i) Sir Charged him to violate the rules.
ii) Don't forget to lock the door.
°j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ Grammatical í¬ N´-Jç-îª-
í∫©®Ω’. (ii) sentence ™ Subject ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ?
ÅC à Nüμ¿çí¬ sentence í¬ form Å®·çüÓ
N´Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. i) Sir charged him to violate the rules = ÉC à
Å®Ωnç ®√E ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p 鬕öÀd ÉC sentence
é¬ü¿’.
ii) Don't forget to lock the door - Ñ sen-
tence™, infinitive, 'to lock the door' is the
object of the verb, 'forget'.
Bhukya Naik, Lavja Tanda.
Q. Please clarify following doubts.
 Difference between 'and, &'
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
A. And = &. 'And' ÅØËC ´÷ô (Word), & üΔEéÀ
Equal to
¢√úË í∫’®Ω’h, èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h, = ™«
 Difference between 'Construct, build'
A. Construct = build =
éπôdúøç (É©’x, íÓúø-™«xç-öÀN).
construct
Å®·ûË, †’ É©’x-™«ç-öÀN éπôdúøç ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ build †’ éπôdúøç
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ üËØÁj oØ√ ≤ƒn°œç*,
´%Cl¥ îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
Nehru built Modern India = ØÁv£æfi †´ ¶μ«®Ω-ûª-
ü˨»Eo EJtç-î√úø’.
Goodness builds good friendships = ´’ç*-ûª†ç
´’ç* ÊÆo£æ…-©†’ ´%Cl¥-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀîÓôx con-
struct ¢√úøç.
 Difference between 'Pollute, contamination'
A. Pollute = Add harmful and dirty substances
to land, air and water so that we cannot use
them anymore =
´’†ç ¢√úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’-™‰E
Nüμ¿çí¬ v°æéπ%-A-´-†-®Ω’©’ (¶μº÷N’, í¬L, F∞¡Ÿx)
鬩’≠æuç Å®·-§Ú-´úøç.
Contaminate = ´’†ç ¢√úË °æüΔ-®√n-©†’ ¢ËöÀ-ØÁjØ√
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 626
éπ©’-≠œûªç îËÆœ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ´·J-éÀí¬
éπ©t≠æç îËߪ’úøç.
The drinking water has been cont-
aminated with excess of Chlorine = M.SURESAN
Chlorine ´’K áèπ◊\-´í¬ éπ©-´úøç ´©x
´’ç*-F∞¡Ÿx éπ©t-≠æ-´’-ߪ÷u®·.
The river water had been polluted by gas
emission from the factory = Factory ™ç* ´îËa
(N≠æ)-¢√-ߪ·-´¤-´©x †C F∞¡Ÿx éπ©’-≠œ-ûª-´’-ߪ÷u®·.
à °æüΔ-®√n-†o-®·Ø√, ´·êuçí¬ F∞¡Ÿx, ¢Á·éπ\©’ áCÍí
≤ƒí∫’™ Ö†o ¶μº÷N’ éπ©’-≠œûªç 鬴úøç, contami-
nation
v°æéπ%A ´†-®Ω’©’ éπ©’-≠œûªç 鬴úøç/ Pollute. Å®·ûË,
contamination 鬮Ωùç, Pollution °∂æLûªç Ŵa.
 'Don't eat and drink'. In this sentence is 'not'
applicable to drink also?
A. Not applies to both 'eat' and 'drink'
Compare: a) Don't eat and drink
b) Don't eat but drink
 A. Bring Ram, Syam's clothes (we don't use
'ü¿’Ææ’h©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç, BÆœ¢Ëߪ’úøç— ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ 
à´’çö«®Ω’?
A. Put on (clothes) = ü¿’Ææ’h©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
Take off (clothes) = ü¿’Ææ’h©’ BÊÆ-ߪ’úøç
 Difference between 'hire, rent'
A. Hire = Take (engage) something by paying
rent (money)
Taking something for temporary use = hire
The money paid for using something tem-
porarily = Rent.
 Difference between 'Wedding and marriage'
A. Marriage = the beginning of a legally and
socially accepted union of a man and a
woman as a husband and wife = Ææ´÷ïç,
îªôdç Ææ´’t-AçîË Æ‘Y °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl© Ææ£æ«-@-´† v§ƒ®Ωç¶μºç
wedding = The ceremony and the dinner
marking marriage - °-Rx-ûªçûª’/ Nçü¿’ (¢Ëü¿-
(Muslims
´’çvû√©’/ îªJa™ v§ƒ®Ωn-†©’/ Eë«
N≠æߪ’ç™) ûÓ èπÿúÕ† °Rx ûªçûª’.
 °æçúø’, é¬ßª’†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
A. °æçúø’/ é¬ßª’: fruit
é¬ßª’ = Raw fruit; °æçúø’ = Ripe fruit
 F´¤ Ø√éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ •®Ω’-´¤-Ø√o´¤/ ™«´¤-Ø√o´¤–
ÉçTx≠ˇ™
A. You are heavier/ fatter than me (I)
 íÓ°‘E ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îË®·– ÉçTx-≠ˇ™
A. Get Gopi ready soon/ Prepare Gopi soon/
Make Gopi ready soon
 The work should
executed and
completed in 5
days.
A.
°æE ûªy®Ωí¬ é¬E*a, 5
®ÓV™x °æ‹Jh îË®·.
 Difference
between 'Oppo-
site, Before, Infront'
A. Opposite = áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ – Ææn™«©’, buildings
™«çöÀN, ´’†’-≠æfl-™«xçöÀ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
If one building is opposite another, they face
each other - The front of one building faces
the front of another building
Ç™-îª-†©÷,
ܣ櫙«xçöÀ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ '´uA-Í®éπç—
Before = ´·çü¿’ = infront of Å®·ûË, 'before'
†’ ´·êuçí¬ time N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†
´·çü¿’ (Æ洒ߪ’ç) ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
Indian Independence was before Gandhi's
death.
He was standing in front of the
building - This is better than He
was standing before the building,
though both have the same mean-
ing, and accepted usage.
 Difference between 'Allot, Allo-
cate'
A. Allot =
äéπ °æü¿l¥-ûªçô÷ ™‰èπ◊çú≈
¶μ«í¬©÷, §ƒvûª©÷ Íéö«-®·ç-îªúøç –
distribution not on a systematic
basis or in a just manner.
e.g. : Each boy was allotted same duty.
Allocate = ÇJnéπ ´†®Ω’©’ (úø•’s, ÇÆœh-™«ç-öÀN) ÅCμ-
é¬-®√©÷, äéπ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ Íéö«-®·ç-îªúøç
The government has allocated Rs. 20 crore
for Arogyasri Padhakam
 Difference between program, programme
A. Program (American spelling) =
Programme (British spelling)
But all 'computer' programs are spelt 'pro-
gram' only in both varieties of English
 Bring Ram, Syam's dress. Here is applicable
to Ram.
'dress' for men, 'clothes' for men and 'dress'
only for women)
Oh Ram, bring Syam's clothes. Bring Ram
and Syam's clothes = Bring Ram and clothes
of Syam = ®√´‚, ¨»uç ü¿’Ææ’h©’ °ævö«.
Bring Ram's and Syam's clothes =
®√ç, ¨»uç
•ôd©’ °ævö«.
Somaiah, Yellandu
Q. Sir, Please give the meanings of the follow-
ing words in Telugu and give one example
for each word.
Exploratory talking, Comparatively,
Author, Dramatist, Essayist, Essay,
Play writer, Play, Drama, Novel,
Novelist, Plot, Aesthetic.
A. Exploratory talks ('not talking') = If two per-
sons/ parties have exploratory talks, they
talk to each other to find out each others
opinions/ whether there can be any agree-
ment, etc.
Comparatively = compared with = (§ÚLa
Vijayawada is comparatively cool
îª÷ÊÆh)
(Vijayawada is cooler than many other
places) = There are much hotter places than
Vijayawada.
Author = Writer of any kind of book/ A per-
son responsible for any book to come into
2
being.
Dramatist = A writer of dramas = Playwright
(Play writer é¬ü¿’)
Essayist = writer of essays.
Essay = A Writing about a topic - suppose
you write at length about the present political
situation in AP, that becomes an essay.
Play = drama
Novel = a book telling a long story
Novelist = a writer of novels
Plot = The way the writer tells the story.
Aesthetic = connected with the study of
beauty(Å©ç-é¬®Ω ¨»ÆæYç)
Q. Please clarify the following doubt.
He could drive the car.
What should we understand by reading the
above sentence. Should understand that it is
present tense/ Past tense. or according to
the situation context/ position we have to
understand?
Please tell me the way of learning simple/
compound and complex sentences in an
easiest way.
A. He could drive the car
1) In the past he had the ability to drive a car
2) In the present/ now, he may have the abil-
ity to drive a car
This, you can understand, depending only on
the situation.
e.g. : 1) When he was young, he could drive
the car. (He had the ability)
2) He could drive the car = There is (now) a
chance/ possibility of his driving the car.
The sentences above are in the Active voice.
e.g. : You could be deceived (= There is a
chance of your being deceived - now)
Simple compound and complex sentences:
These have been explained in great detail,
more than three times. Please see the earli-
er lessons on Spoken English.
A. Sudhakar, Peddamalla Reddy.
Q. You told us about phrase in the previous les-
son is, A group of words without a verb. But
I have seen this sentence, as, e.g. : The
Teacher had said that the three Telugu
Books had been stolen. In this sentence.
Phrase, The teacher had said, his three tel-
ugu books, had been stolen. It has verbs,
how it possible to say as phrases? Is it any
exception? Please clarify this.
A. A group of words without a verb, is of course,
a phrase.
He comes here in the evenings - In this sen-
tence, 'in the evenings' is a phrase because
it is a group of words without a verb.
The sentence you have written is: The
teacher had said that three Telugu books had
been stolen - First of all, this sentence is
wrong. The correct form of this sentence.
The teacher said (not 'had said') that three
books had been stolen.
In this sentence, his three 'Telugu books' is
the only phrase, because it is, in this sen-
tence, the only group of words without a
verb.
'The teacher said' - This is a group of words
has the verb, 'said', so this is a clause, and
NOT a phrase. 'his three Telugu books had
been stolen' - this is a group of words with
the verb, 'had been stolen'. So this is also a
CLAUSE, and not a phrase.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2010
G. Ashok, Godhur.
Q. Sir, What is the differ-
ence between..
1. Scarcity - Scanty
2. Drought - Famine
3. Gaze - Glare
4. Apprentice - Probation
5. Ragging - Eve teasing
6. Cabin - Compartment
7. Image - Popularity
8. Attorney - Solicitor
9. Lord - King
10. Soft - Smooth
11. Training - Orientation
12. Attest - Certify
13. System - Method
14. Seeding - Ranking
15. Onwards - From
A. Scanty = Not enough - What we have is not
T he English language lab is..
enough for our purpose. There is scanty
proof of his crime.
Scarce = not enough, because anything that
is scarce is difficult to get/ not easily avail-
able and not common.
Mangoes are scarce in the not so hot places
= in the not so hot places mangoes are not
easily available.
Drought = a long period without rain - a no rain
period - when rivers and tanks do not have
enough water. ´®√{©’ ™‰éπ-§Ú--´-úøç).
Famine = food being unavailable for a long
time as a result of drought and floods
(éπ®Ω´¤/
é~¬´’ç)
Gaze - look steadily and long at some thing/
somebody. Glare look at somebody angrily.
Apprentice = A young person working for an
employed for a fixed period of time to learn a
job/ a trainee - period of training.
Probation = a period of time during which
an employer can know whether a person is
suitable for the job/ whether a person can do
a job well.
Ragging = teasing = laughing at/ playing tricks
on somebody. There is no such expression
as 'eve- teasing' in english.
'Eve-teasing' is used only in India and it
means, 'to make fun of girls/ to play tricks on
girls and this cause suffering to them (Rap =
tease = äéπJo Ê£«∞¡† îËߪ’-úøç/ Çô °æöÀdç-îª-úøç.
Eve- teasing ÅØË ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. ´’†
ü˨¡ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ 'Çúø-¢√-∞¡x†’ Çô-°æ-öÀdç* ¢√∞¡x†’
¶«Cμç-îªôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’ûª÷ Öçö«ç).
Cabin = A small room on a ship/ the area on a
plane for passengers to sit.
Compartment = a section of a rail coach
(È®j©’
or of a car.
°õ„d)/
(ãúø-™E *†o-í∫C/ plane ™ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊©’
èπÿ®Ω’aØË îÓô’ – cabin È®j©’ °õ„d/ Åçü¿’™
¶μ«í∫ç/ °ü¿l é¬®Ω’™ ¶μ«í∫ç – compartment)
Image - the opinion people have about some-
body - if they have a bad opinion, it is a bad
image. If they have a good opinion, it is a
good image. That is, the image people have
about somebody may be good or bad.
Popularity - The liking (ÅGμ-´÷†ç) a large
number of people have for somebody/ some-
thing. (v°æñ«-Gμ-´÷†ç/ v°æñ«-ü¿-®Ωù)
Attorney = in the USA, a lawyer.
Solicitor = in Britain, a lawyer who gives legal
advice, appears in the court on behalf of their
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
clients and prepares documents for buying or
selling property. (Attorney (American) = solic-
itor (British English) - of a higher level a bar-
rister)
Lord = 1) God. 2) A Feudal lord/ land lord
The way a king is addressed
(ïO’çüΔ®Ω’); 3)
by people (®√V†’ v°æï©’ Ææç-¶-Cμ-çîË ´÷ô)
Soft = ¢Á’ûªhöÀ/ ¢Á’ûªh-í¬-Ö†o smooth = †’†oöÀ/
†’†’°æ¤í¬ Ö†o.
'sponge' is soft, a marble slab (§ƒ©-®√®·)
smooth (†’†o)í¬ Öçô’çC.
Training = Teaching and making somebody
practice what is necessary for a job =
Péπ~ù,
´·êuçí¬ àüÁjØ√ ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Péπ~ù.
Orientation = familiarization - ÖüÓuí∫ç
N≠æߪ’ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, à educational
course ØÁjØ√ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’©’.
Attest = to state officially that something is true
= (police/ court
ÅCμ-é¬-J-éπçí¬ ™«çöÀ ´u´-Ææn© Å´-
Ææ-®√-©èπ◊) äéπ N≠æߪ’ç Eï-´’E vüμ¿’Oéπ-Jç-îªúøç.
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù
627
Certify = 1) to state that something is
correct/ true especially after some
kind of test = D†®Ωnç èπÿú≈ attest
correct
M.SURESAN
™«Íí äéπ N≠æߪ’ç Eï-´’E/
ÅE ûÁ©-°æúøç, Å®·ûË certify ņo-°æ¤púø’
knowledge of English. There are a number of
àüÓ äéπ °æK-éπ~-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª Eï´’E
companies selling the software, and most of
ûÁLߪ’ñ‰ßª’úøç.
them are expensive. The teacher should
2) ŶμºuJn àüÁjØ√ Péπ~ù/ îªü¿’´¤ ûª®√yûª NüΔu-®Ω|ûª
(give an official know the operation of the computer.
§ÒçC-†ô’x vüμ¿’Oéπ-Jç-îªúøç
paper that a person has completed a Q. When you do the Exam, you've not allowed
course) to write in pencil is there in 'Raymond mur-
System = a way of working = phy' book. For instrument we use 'with'
´’†ç °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊
A person's system of please clarify it.
áç-èπ◊ØË B®Ω’/ Nüμ¿ç.
working/ teaching/ playing etc.
Method = a way of doing something =
äéπ °æE-
A person's method of doing some-
îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥A.
thing.
Seed = véÃúø™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Çô-í¬-∞¡xèπ◊, ïôxèπ◊ ÉîËa ≤ƒn†ç
(Position assigned to a player/ a team)
Ranking = Classifying/ assigning ranks to a
person in a subject/ profession, etc. =
´%Ah,
îªü¿’´¤, ØÁj°æ¤ùuç ™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x äéπ®Ω’ §ÒçüË/
äéπ-JéÀ ÉîËa-≤ƒn†ç.
Onwards = starting from a place/ time and con-
tinuing =
äéπ-îÓô’/ Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i
Å™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-í∫úøç.
From = starting at a place/ time äéπ-îÓô’/
Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç*.
àâ-Ñ-ÑÑ – 2011
ÂÆçvô™¸ ¶®˝f Ç°∂ˇ ÂÆéπç-úøK áúø’u-Íé-≠æØ˛ (Æœ.G.-á-Æˇ.É.)
2011 NüΔu Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ Ç™¸ ÉçúÕߪ÷ Éç>-F-Jçí˚/
ÇJ\-õ„-éπa®˝ áçvôØ˛q áí¬b-N’-ØË-≠æØ˛ (àâ-Ñ-ÑÑ) v°æéπ-ô†
Núø’-ü¿© îËÆœçC. °æKéπ~ ûËD: 2011 ¢Ë’ 1.
Ñ °æKéπ~ üΔy®√ ØË≠æ-†™¸ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ õ„é¬o-©-@©’
(áØ˛.-â.öÀ.), ÉçúÕ-ߪ’Ø˛ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ õ„é¬o-©-@©’
(â.â.öÀ.), ü˨¡ç™ Ê°®Ìç-C† úŒ¢˛’f ´Jq-öé’, Éûª®Ω
v°æ´’ê NüΔu ÆæçÆæn™x Éç>-F-Jçí˚, ÇJ\-õ„-éπa®˝ úÕvU
éÓ®Ω’q™x îË®Ω-´îª’a.°æKéπ~ NüμΔ†ç: È®çúø’ Ê°°æ®Ω’x Öçö«®·.
Ê°°æ®˝–1 : GÑ, Hõ„é˙ éÓ®Ω’q-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*çC.
Öü¿ßª’ç 9.30 †’ç* 12.30 í∫çô© ´®Ωèπ◊ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.
°∂œ>é˙q, ÈéN’Æ‘,Z ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q Æ涄b-èπ◊d-©Â°j v°æ¨¡o©’ ´≤ƒh®·.
Ê°°æ®˝ –2 : HÇ®˝\/ H §ƒxEçí˚ éÓ®Ω’q-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-
*çC. ´’üμΔu£æ«oç 14.00 †’ç* 17.00 í∫çô© ´®Ωèπ◊
2
G.Sankar,
Kesavapatnam.
Q. 'English Language
Lab'. This sen-
tence is using of
many schools, in
their flexiboards.
What methods to
It's (= It is) a car. Its (of the car/ belonging to
be followed in this lab? How it can be useful
the car) wheels support it.
to the children? and What is the main aim of
It's (It is) a friend of dad's =
this lab? Please clarify and comment on it.
ÅC ´÷Ø√†o ÊÆo£œ«-
A. The English language lab is a facility which
ûª’-úÕC – ÉC éπ®ΩÍéd éπüΔ?–
It is (the cell phone is ņ’-èπ◊çüΔç) a friend of
helps us to learn English with the help of a
dad's = Ç cell phone ´÷Ø√†o ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-úÕC.
computers and software. The software when
used on the computer teaches the student Its - Apostrophe ™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ = 'üΔE-ßÁ·éπ\— ÅE
all aspects of english language - the four Å®Ωnç – possessive pronoun.
skills B. Kondaiah, Rajahmundry.
Reading, Writing, Listening and speaking.
Q. Sir, éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ English ™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷™
Some software (usually in the form of CDs)
has to be loaded/ installed into the computer.
ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
1. ؈’ ´÷ Å´÷t-®·éÀ °Rx î˨»†’.
2. ؈’ ®√´·-í¬J Å´÷t-®·E °Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
3. ®√´·-í¬®Ω’ ¢√J Å´÷t-®·E Ø√éÀ*a °Rx î˨»®Ω’.
4. ؈’ ´÷ Å´÷t-®·éÀ ņoç AE-°œç-î√†’.
A. 1. I have married off my daughter.
2. I married Sri Ramu's daughter.
The learner first of all should know 3. Sri Ramu's daughter has been given to
how to operate a computer, the soft-
ware consists of lessons in grammar
me in marriage.
4. I have fed your daughter.
and usage, spelling exercises, pro-
Priya kumari, Mahaboobabad.
nunciation practice (with the help of
head phones), speaking and writing
Q. Please explain the following in Telugu and
exercises. A language lab is useful
English
only if the student has some basic (a) Phrase (b) Clause
A. Phrase = a group of words without a verb-
verb phrase
™‰E ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p†’ Åçö«ç.
The book written by him = ÅûªúÕîË ®√ߪ’•úÕ†
°æ¤Ææhéπç (Åûªúø’ ®√Æœ† °æ¤Ææhéπç) – ÉC phrase -
Éçü¿’™ verb ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Written ÅØËC past
participle - verb é¬ü¿’.
The boy reading the paper = Ç Ê°°æ®˝ îªü¿’-´¤-
ûª’†o èπ◊v®√úø’ – ÉC èπÿú≈ phrase - verb ™‰ü¿’
A. Usually we say, 'with a pencil' and not 'in
鬕öÀd – reading, verb é¬ü¿’. (Present partici-
pencil'. But Raymond Murphy is an authority
ple) Present participle verb é¬ü¿’.
on grammar and more importantly he is an
A clause is group of words with a verb - verb
English man, and what an English man says
ÖçúË group of words clause
†’ Åçö«ç.
must be correct. So we have to accept 'in
If he comes here - 'comes' is a verb here, so,
pencil' also as correct.
the group of words, 'If he comes here (=
P. Krishna Murthy, Secundrabad. is a clause -
ÅûªEéπ\-úÕéÀ ´ÊÆh)— Å®·ûË ÉC °æ‹Jh
group of words subordi-
Q. í∫ûªç™ äéπ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ O’®Ω’ It's a friend of
Å®Ωnç-™‰E 鬕öÀd, ÉC
nate clause.
dad's ÅØË äéπ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù†’ Ê°®Ì\-Ø√o®Ω’. It's
If he comes here, I will talk to him 'I will talk
Åçõ‰ it is ÅE Å®Ωn´÷? '-Å-C ´÷ Ø√†o ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-
to him' - group of words will talk
úÕC— ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. N´-®Ωçí¬ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®√? 'It's' pos- Ñ ™, ÅØËC
verb. clause.
sessive pronoun Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ apostrophe
ÉC èπÿú≈ Å®·ûË DEéÀ °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç
Main clause.
Öçúøü¿’ éπüΔ please clarify. ÖçC. 鬕öÀd, ÉC
A. It's = It is; Its = of/ belonging to it.
Gö¸-¨»ö¸ – 2011
ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q– §ƒ®˝d –1, Ç°œd-ô÷uú˛ õ„Æˇd–
§ƒ®˝d–2, vú≈®·çí˚ õ„Æˇd– §ƒ®˝d–3 N¶μ«-í¬©’ Öçö«®·. ®√ï-≤ƒn-Ø˛-™E G®√x ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ õ„é¬o-©@ Åçú˛
Æ洒ߪ’ç 3 í∫çô©’. Å®Ω|-ûª©’: ÂÆjØ˛q Æ涄-bèπ◊d-©ûÓ ÂÆjØ˛q (Gö¸q) 2011 NüΔu Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ ÉçöÀ-vÍí-õ„ú˛ °∂æÆˇd
Éçô®˝™ éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ Öçú≈L. úÕvU v§Úví¬-´·™x v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ÅúÕt-≠æØ˛ õ„Æˇd (Gö¸-
1) G.É./ G.õ„é˙. éÓ®Ω’q-© π◊: Éçô-®˝™ °∂œ>é˙q, ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’- ¨»ö¸–2011) v°æéπ-ô† Núø’-ü¿© îËÆœçC. ÉC °æ‹Jh ÇØ˛-™„jØ˛
öÀé˙q ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ. ÈéN’Æ‘Z, •ßÁ÷-õ„-é¬o-©@, éπç°æ‹u-ô®˝ ÂÆjØ˛q, ÇüμΔ-Jûª °æKéπ~. °œ™«F, íÓ¢√, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ †í∫-®√™x Ö†o
•ßª÷-©@ Æ涄-bèπ◊d™x àüÓ äéπöÀ Ç°æ{-†-™¸q™ Öçú≈L. Gö¸q é¬uç°æ-Æˇ-©™ Ñ °æKéπ~ üΔy®√ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç §Òçü¿-´îª’a.
2) G.Ç®˝\/ G. §ƒxEçí˚ éÓ®Ω’q-© π◊: ´÷uü∑˛q Æ涄-bèπ◊dûÓ °æKéπ~ NüμΔ†ç: ü˨¡-¢√u-°æhçí¬ ÇØ˛-™„j-Ø˛™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.
Éçô-®˝™ Ææí∫-ô’† 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ. 3í∫çô© Æ洒ߪ’ç Íéö«-®·-≤ƒh®Ω’. v°æ¨¡o©’ Ƕ„-béÀd¢˛
ÈéN’Æ‘Z, •ßÁ÷-õ„-é¬o-©@, éπç°æ‹u-ô®˝ ÂÆjØ˛q, •ßª÷-©@ NüμΔ†ç™ Öçö«®·.
Æ涄èb π◊d™x àüÓ äéπöÀ Ç°æ{-†-™¸í¬ Öçú≈L. °æKéπ~ ûËD©’: 2011 ¢Ë’ 11 †’ç* WØ˛ 10 ´®Ω π◊.
3) ´ßª’Ææ’: ŶμºuJn 1986, ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 1 ûª®√yûª ïEtç* éÓ®Ω’q©’: 1) ÉçöÀ-vÍí-õ„ú˛ °∂æÆˇd úÕvU v§Úví¬-´·©’ : G.É.
Öçú≈L. 2008 éÀ ´·çü¿’ Éçô®˝ §ƒÂÆj† ¢√®Ω’ ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h (dž®˝q). 2) G.§∂ƒ®˝t (dž®˝q). 3) áç.á-ÆˇÆœ. (dž®˝q):
îËߪ÷-Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’.ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© Nvéπߪ’ç: Æ‘H-á-ÆˇÑ 4) áç.á-ÆˇÆœ.(õ„é˙) Å®Ω|-ûª©’: ŶμºuJn 2011 Éçô®˝ °æK-
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¶«uçé˙ v¶«ç<™x úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 22 †’ç* •’™„-öÀ-Ø˛©’ Åçü¿’- Æ涄-bèπ◊d™x éπFÆæç 80 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ Öçú≈L. Æœ©-•Æˇ,
¶«ô’™ Öçö«®·. °æ‹Jh N´-®√-©èπ◊ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ îª÷úø-´îª’a. Æ‘ôx Ææçêu, ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h NüμΔ†ç ûªC-ûª®Ω N´-®√-©èπ◊
*´J ûËD: 2011 ï†-´J 20. ¢Á¶¸ÂÆjö¸ îª÷úø-´îª’a. *´J ûËD: 2011 ï†-´J 31.
¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸: www.aieee.nic.in ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸: http:// www.bitsadmission.com
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2010 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Srinivasa Rao, Q. Pleasantries Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? b) Shower - bath - ÉC

Visakhapatnam A. Pleasantries = °æ®√-´’®Ωz/ °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô©’ È®çúø’ ´÷ô©’ é¬-ü¿’.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©-°æ- (èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o©’, ´·îªaô’x ™«çöÀN) – After È®çúø’ ´÷ô©’ éπLÆœ
í∫©®Ω’. exchanging pleasantries. They began to dis- à®Ωp-úÕ† äÍé-´÷ô.
I'm flattered cuss business matters = èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o©’/ °æ®√- ≤ƒoØ√© í∫ü¿’™x
I'm honoured ´’®Ωz© ûª®√yûª ¢√u§ƒ®Ω N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îªJaç-îªúøç ≤ƒo†ç îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡x-O’ü¿
I'm obliged v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-î√®Ω’. F∞¡Ÿx ï©’x™« °æúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
A. I'm flattered = I am flat Q. Adverb placement ©’ ¢√é¬u™x helping verb, à®√p-ô’-îËÊÆ áûªh-®·†
tered = ††’o ¢Á’a-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oô’x main verb ©èπ◊ ´’üμ¿u-™ ØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ´≤ƒhߪ÷? °æç°æ¤. ´÷ °æü∑¿-é¬-©†’ v°æéπ-öÀç-*† ¢ÁçôØË.
/ v°æ¨¡ç-Æœ-Ææ’h†oô’x ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. A. Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË ÉC èπÿú≈ ´’†ç üËEéÀ v§ƒ´·êuç Q. Present perfect tense present perfect con-
èπ◊, Than we bombarded by that inevitable question
tinuous tense =
 I'm honoured = ††’o íı®Ω-N-Ææ’h-†oô’x ÅE- É¢√yL ÅØË-üΔ-Eo-•öÀd Öçô’çC. èπ◊ -´’-üμ¿u ûËú≈ àN’ö îÁ°æpçúÕ. ¢Ë’´· ûª°œpç--éÓ-™‰E v°æ¨¡o-üΔ-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ωߪ÷uç (= ´÷
°œ≤ÚhçC. He was slowly walking along the shore - A. Present perfect tense - have/ has+past par- °æü∑¿-é¬-©†’ v°æéπ-öÀç-*† ¢ÁçôØË ´÷éÓ v°æ¨¡o
(Slowly) ticiple -
 I'm obliged = ؈’ O’èπ◊ ®Ω’ù-°æúÕ ÖØ√o†’.
Ééπ\úø ØÁ´’t-Cí¬ /EüΔ-†çí¬ ÅØË üΔEéÀ DEo Öûªp†o¢Á’içC).
v§ƒüμΔ†uç. i) Past action time not stated èπ◊,  Part of me still wrestled with the question
Q. Shall I go there?
He was walking slowly - Slowly ii) just/ just now though
 Shall give her
Ééπ\úø éÀ Åçûª ûÓ éπL°œ É°æ¤púË Å®·-§Ú-®·†
v§ƒüμΔ†uç ™‰ü¿’. actionèπ◊, A. (though)
Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Ø√™ØË Øˆ’ Ç v°æ¨¡oûÓ
 Shall I take this?
iii) action
S. Naresh, Kothagudem.
í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ïJ-T† èπ◊Æ‘h-°æ-ö«d†’ (v°æ¨¡o áü¿’-®Ì\ç-ô÷ØË ÖØ√o†’).
 Shall I use this? ™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u©’ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?--O-öÀE èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç.  We were tired, but never did we fail to smile
permission
' — Å-†’éÓ-¢√-™«?'proposal Å´¤ Q. 1. English movies ™ I wanna go, I gotta go a) I have seen that movie = Ç ÆœE´÷ ؈’ back at her
û√ߪ÷? Åçö«®Ω’. Ééπ\úø wanna & gotta éÀ Å®Ωnç îª÷¨»†’ (îª÷úøôç í∫ûªç™ ïJ-TçC, é¬F -E-Ø√o?- A. We were tired but never did we fail to smile
A. Shall I go there? Asking for permission àN’ö ÆæN-´-®Ωçí¬ -ûÁ-©°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. back at her = ¢Ë’-´· -Å-©-Æœ-§Úߪ÷ç, é¬F Ç¢Á’

She has sung for the past one hour

*®Ω’†´¤y †Ny-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢Ë’´‚ *®Ω’-†-´¤yûÓ
•ü¿’L´yúøç ´÷†-™‰ü¿’.
 His day, as we thought, would not be com-
plete without his making at least one girl or
boy cry.
 Shall give her? Subject/ Shall I/
Éçü¿’™ ¢Á·-Ø√o?time îÁ°æp-úøç- ™‰ü¿’). °jsentence would not be completed
™
We/ They...) Shall I give it to
™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ. b) He has just gone out = would not be complete, without
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 628
Åûª-úÕ°æ¤púË Öçú≈L éπüΔ.
her? asking for permission.
ÉC èπÿú≈ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’. È®çúø’ äÍésentence ™ ´î√a®· éπüΔ? ᙫ Å®Ωnç
 Shall I take this?/ Shall I use this? - c) She has sung for the past one îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Permission. These are all correct. hour = Ç¢Á’ äéπ í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ §ƒúÕçC A. Would not be complete/ completed - È®çúø÷
Q. a) Once, twice, thrice A. I wanna go = I want to go (áèπ◊\-´í¬
© ûª®√yûª '4 ≤ƒ®Ω’x— ÅØË É°æ p-ö À-´ -® Ωèπ◊ (í∫çô véÀûªç v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i correct.
°æü¿ç †’ç* '9 ≤ƒ®Ω’x— ÅØË °æ-ü¿ç -´®Ωèπ◊ -´®Ω’Ææí¬- Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †©x ñ«B-ߪ·©’ É™« É°æ p - ö À - ´ - ® Ωèπÿ ïJ-TçC. Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’- Would not be complete =
Åçô’çö«®Ω’) I Gotta go = I got to M.SURESAN °æ‹Jhí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
Would not be completed =
-à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ûª ’çüΔ, ÇT-§Ú-®·çüΔ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç
go (؈’ ¢Á∞«xL) °æ‹Jh-îËÆœ Öçúø-•-úøü¿’
b) O’J-ü¿l®Ω÷, O’®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω÷, O’®Ω’ †©’-í∫’®Ω÷ ÅØË ûÁLߪ’ü¿’). (¢Ë’ç °æ‹JhîËÆœ ÖçúË¢√∞¡xç é¬ü¿’).
ÉC ûªy®Ωûªy®Ωí¬ Åñ«-ví∫-ûªhí¬ ´÷ö«x-úË-°æ¤púø’ N†-°æúË Present perfect continuous - have been/ has
Would not, without È®çúø÷ äÍé sentence ™
°æüΔ-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
A. a) Ø√©’í∫’ ≤ƒ®Ω’x ņ-ú≈-EéÀ four times ÅØË been + ing.
Öî√a¥-®Ωù.
Q. 2 Clauses†’ éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ that †’ á°æ¤púø’
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’?
Åçö«ç. ¢ËÍ®-´÷-ô -™‰ü¿’. Once, Twice äéπ-≤ƒJ,
È®çúø’-≤ƒ-®Ωxèπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Thrice (´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x) Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L. That í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ îÁ°æpçúÕ. She has been singing for the past one hour = I knew I would not succeed without hard work
Ç¢Á’ í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ-öÀ-†’ç-* §ƒúø’ûª÷ ÖçC. í∫çô véÀûªç = éπ%≠œ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (without hard work), I knew = Ø√èπ◊
Modern English ™ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Three A. I. say, tell (sbd), find, see, think, know ™«çöÀ
times ÅØË Åçö«®Ω’. Twice ûª®√yûª áEo-≤ƒ-È®kxØ√,
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç* Éçé¬ §ƒúø’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.)
-¢√-öÀ ûª®√yûª ´îËa 'that' èπ◊ Å®Ωnç – 'ÅE— ÅE Å®Ωnç. Present perfect - í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ûÁL-ÆœçC, I would not succeed = ؈’ Nïߪ’ç
Ç ÆæçêuûÓ Times Åçö«ç. 1) She says that she knows Telugu.
§Òçü¿-†E. (Åçõ‰ éπ%≠œ-ûÓØË Nïߪ’ç §Òçü¿’-û√-†E Ø√èπ◊
ïJ-T† °æEéÀ. ûÁL-ÆœçC).
b) You two, you three/ four, etc. Ñ sentence ™ 'that she knows telugu'. Present perfect continuous - í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº¢Á’i No sooner had I read - É™«çöÀ sentences ™
Q. Synario ÅØË °æüΔ-EéÀ Ö†o Å®√n-©†’ Ææçü¿-®Ós¥- (Åçõ‰ ûª†èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ ûÁ©’Ææ’ 'ÅE— (that) She says Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æEéÀ. subject (I) ´·çü¿’ no/ never ™«çöÀ negative
*ûªçí¬ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Ç¢Á’ ÅçöçC. Å®·ûË ¢√úø-éπç™ È®çöÀéà °ü¿l-ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. î√-™« adverb ´ÊÆh, Verb, subject, positions ™ éÌCl
A. Synario é¬ü¿’, Scenario = ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç.. 2) Many think that he is great = Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp-
¢√úø’ 'ÅE— (= that) î√™«-´’çC ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
Ææçü¿®√s¥™x È®çöÀF äéπ-üΔE •ü¿’©’ äéπöÀ ¢√úø´îª’a. ´÷®Ω’p Öçô’çC. No sooner I had read •ü¿’©’,
1) äéπ Ø√ô-é¬Eo ®Ωçí∫-Ææn-©ç-O’ü¿, äéπ † *vû√Eo He has studied (present perfect) here for the No sooner had I read ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.
ûÁ®Ω-O’ü¿ v°æü¿-JzçîË ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»© ´®Ω’Ææ, Åçõ‰ 3) I find that he is not interested in studies - past two years (Åûª-úÕéπ\úø È®çúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ îªC-¢√úø’)
that he is not interested in studies = îªü¿’´¤
ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
àßË’ ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»-©†’, áéπ\úø ᙫ v°æü¿-Jzç-î√L, ÅØ√o, He has been studying (Present perfect Never did I say so = I never said so Ééπ\úø
àßË’ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ áéπ\úø Öçú≈L, ÅE ü¿®Ωz- O’ü¿ ÇÆæ-éÀh-™‰ü¿’ ÅE (that) I find (Ø√ éπE-°œ- continuous) here for the past two years ÅØ√o never ûÓ sentence v§ƒ®Ωç-GμÊÆh Sub + Verb order,
èπ◊úø’, Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù© ®Ωîª-®·ûª éπLÆœ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ ≤ÚhçC) Å®Ωnç™ °ü¿l-ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb Order í¬
Script - É°æ¤púø’ DEo Screenplay Åçô’Ø√oç 4) That he is great (Åûª-úø’ íÌ°æp-¢√-úøE) every
E. Anil, Bapatla.
body agrees (v°æA-¢√∞¡⁄x ä°æ¤p-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’).
´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC.
Neither did I see him, nor did I go to him.
ÆœE-´÷™x.
2) àßË’ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†©’/ °æ†’©’ á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ II. 'That' †’ àüÁjûË/ á´-È®jûË ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ È®çúø’ Q. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©-®Ω’.
ï®Ωí¬L? ÅE ´’†ç ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç--èπ◊ØË °æü∑¿éπç. Clauses †’ éπL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.  Not so very long ago P. Srinivasa Rao, Hyderabad
What is the scenario for tomorrow's event? Hari is the man that the police are searching A. Not so very long ago - Ñ expression Åçûª Q. éÀçC¢√öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ-©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
= Í®°‘ N≠æߪ’ç ᙫ ï®Ω-íÌ-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? for = á´J (that) éÓÆæ-¢Á’iûË §ÚM-Ææ’©’ ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó correct é¬ü¿’. Not so long ago. Å®·Ø√ Not  Slipped into debts.
Q. They were always quarrelling pre-
ÅØË ¢√éπuç Åûªúø’ £æ«J. = §ÚM-Ææ’©’ ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’†o ´’E≠œ £æ«Í®. very long ago Å®·Ø√ Åçö«ç. Å®Ωnç– áèπ◊\´ A. Å°æ¤p™x °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
sent simple Present Continuous Here is the book that I bought yesterday =
 On a tip off
™ é¬èπ◊çú≈ - 鬩ç é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË/ ņ-A-é¬-©ç-™ØË
؈’ E†o à °æ¤Ææh-éπ-¢Á’iûË éÌØ√oØÓ ÅC ÉüË– ´÷´‚©’ If happened not very long ago = ÉC ïJT Åçûª
A.
™ É™« éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? Ö°æpçCç-îª-úøç (éé-éπ-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç– ÅçCç-îª-úøç –
A. They are always quarrelling - correct. ûÁ©’í∫’– ؈’ E†o-é̆o °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉüË. áèπ◊\´ 鬩¢Ë’ç 鬙‰ü¿’. üÌçí∫©’, ÅN-F-AE í∫’Jç*, ´·êuçí¬ §ÚM-Ææ’-©èπ◊)
Always Q. Conditional sentenses™ I RDW, II RDW  Following what appeared to be a brilliant
ûª®√yûª í∫ûªç™ é¬èπ◊çú≈ É°æ¤púø’ véπ´’ç  Strike a deal
always present continu- Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? suggestion
A.
ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æEéÀ, ûÓ
A. I RDW (I Regular Doing Word), II RDW (II
ous A. following what appeared to be a brilliant sug-
ä°æpçü¿ç èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç.
 Went missing
¢√úøôç éπÈ®é˙d.
He is always reading = Åûª-úÁ°æ¤púø÷ àüÓ äéπöÀ Regular Doing Word) - Present
Ñ È®çúø÷ gestion = î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj-çCí¬ éπ†-°æ-úÕ† Ææ÷
simple tense forms. A.
correct. °∂æLûªçí¬. ûª°œp-§Ú-´úøç/ éπ†-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈ §Ú´úøç.
 Rock bottom
îªü¿’-´¤-ûª÷ØË Öçö«úø’ – ÉC
Q. ûÓéπ-™‰E •Lx ÅE ÅØ√-©çõ‰ tailless lizard ņ- Present simple tense verb
™ ÖçúË èπ◊ È®çúø’  I have been knocking from the inside.
´î√a? '™‰E— ÅØË v°æA Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ÉC éπÈ®ÍédØ√? ®Ω÷§ƒ-©’ç-ö«®· éπüΔ? A. I have been knocking from the inside = ؈’ A. (Rock bottom - prices =
ÅA-ûª-èπ◊\´ é¬®Ω’-îª-´éπ
A. 'ûÓéπ-™‰E— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ 'Tailless' ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø- i) I, We, You and They ûÓ ¢√úË, *´®Ω'-s', '-es' ™‰E ™°æ-L-†’ç* ûª©’°æ¤ ûªúø’-ûª’Ø√o. üμ¿®Ω©’).
´îª’a. verb forms - go, sing, walk, talk, etc - ÉN  No sooner had a read that name than a rev-  month long, week long, year long, day long
Q. ®√綫© °æ∞¡x îÁô’d†’ English ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? I Regular Doing Words. (I RDW) erent desire grew with in me. A. ØÁ©çû√ ≤ƒT†, ¢√®Ω-´’çû√ ≤ƒT†, Ææç´-ûªq-®Ω-´’çû√
A. '®√綫© °æ∞¡Ÿx— Åçõ‰? ii) He, she, it ûÓ ¢√úË, *´®Ω'-s', '-es' verb
ÖçúË A. No sooner had I read that name than a rev- ≤ƒT†, ®Óïçû√ ≤ƒT†.
forms. goes, walks, sings, talks, etc. erent desire grew within me = A month long holiday = ØÁ©çû√ ≤ƒÍí ÂÆ©´¤
Q. Pant/ Trouser ©™ àC éπÈ®é˙d?
ÉN Ç Ê°®Ω’ îªCO
II Regular Doing Words (II RDW) (ØÁ©-®Ó-V-©-§ƒô’) ÂÆ©´¤.
A. Pant/ Trouser ņúøç ûª°æ¤p. îªü¿-´-éπ-´·çüË/ îªC-N† ¢ÁçôØË Ø√™ °J-TçC, ÅA
Q. éÀçC-¢√öÀ ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.  Rolling a carpet
Pants/ Trousers ÅE ÅØ√L, ä-éπ\-õ‰ -Å®·-†°æp-öÀéÃ.
íı®Ω-´çûÓ èπÿúÕ† éÓJéπ.
a) That's it - That's all  No sooner had we announced our plan than A. ´*a† ¢√∞¡Ÿx †úÕ-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫-ûª-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ A¢√<
Pants (American) = Trousers (British)
b) shower - bath we were bombarded by that inevitable ques- (´·êuçí¬ áv®Ω A¢√<) °æ®Ω* üΔE-O’ü¿ ¢√JE
2/ 3 Pairs of
tion.
È®çúø’/ ´‚úø’ §ƒuçô’x ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, A. a) That's it = (that is it) †úÕ°œç-îªúøç.
pants/ trousers Åçö«ç. ÅD Ææçí∫A,
That's all = (That is all) = ÅçûË A. No sooner had we announced our plans =

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish