Elements of Communication

1. Source – this is the message crafted through a sender who initiates the
communication process. Examples are the author of a book, a public speaker
(broadcaster), or a teacher teaching his/her lesson.
2. Message – this is the element of communication where the message is delivered by
the sender/speaker to the receiver/recipient.
3. Channel – is the means/way of communication to be able to deliver the message
from the sender. Examples are phone calls, e-mails, letters, voice messages, etc.
4. Receiver – is the recipient of the message given by the speaker/sender. A receiver
can be an audience, reader, and pedestrians.
5. Feedback – is the response of the receiver after the interpretation of the message
given by the sender. An example of feed backs may be written, oral, or nonverbal
action like thumbs up and nod.
6. Environment – is the sender and receiver’s feeling, mood, place and mindset. It also
considers the setting where both persons have their conversation. The environment
can be a hinder to an effective communication because of the barriers that interferes.
7. Context – is the conveyed message sent by the sender and receiver. The encoder and
decoder must share common understanding to achieve effective communication.
8. Interference – this are the barriers that hinders the effective process of
communication.

Types of Barrier
1. Psychological Barriers – is the hamper of interpreted message receive by the recipient/s
such as dizziness, preoccupation, fear, biases, hostility, prejudices, stereotypes,
assumptions, defensiveness, and egoism.
2. Physical Barriers – these are the disruption of communication like weather or climate
(heavy-storm, storm winds, rains, etc.) and physical conditions (head-ache, tooth-ache,
stomachache etc.)
3. Linguistic and Cultural Barriers – word differences are present in different cultures
which may result to ineffective communication. Example are the mother-tongue, pitch of
voice, expression of face etc.)
4. Mechanical Barriers – these are the interferences which affects channels to transmit the
message such as poor signal and low-battery consumption of mobile phones while
calling.
Models of Communication

1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication

- Aristotle 384 -322 B.C
- Born in Stagira, Norther Greece
- He developed a Linear Model Communication for Oral communication
- This model is considered as First Model of Communication
- Propose before 300 B.C
- Aristotle’s Model mainly focused on speaker and speech
- Divided into five primary elements: SPEAKER, SPEECH, OCCASION, AUDIENCE
and EFFECT
- Speaker centered model as the speaker has most important role in it and the only one
active
- This model aims to persuade and influence audience in occasion
- He believes “RHETORIC” is the study of communication and persuasion in different
event or occasion and different message delivered by speech
- No feedback
- Audience is passive
Remember!
 There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker to audience.
 There is no concept of communication failure like noise and barrier
 This model can only be use in public speaking

2. Shannon – Weaver’s Model of Communication

- Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver
- Created last 1948
- Shannon is a Mathematician and Weaver is Scientist
- It is also known as Mother of all Models
- Develop because of technological invention
- It has six elements identified: SENDER, ENCODER, CHANNEL, NOISE,
DECODER, and FEEDBACK
- telephone calls the caller functions as the sender while the encoder is the telephone
that turns the caller’s voice
- telephone wire works as channel and the telephone which the receiver uses to receive
the message becomes the decoder and the destination of the call is the receiver
- noise present in the channel may interrupt the communication process which results
to poor communication
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