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Histology Final

1) If you want to investigate failed erythropoiesis you perform:

Bone marrow biopsy

2) The main functions of canaliculi is/are:

Transmits factors from osteocyte to osteoblasts in response to stress

3) The cell which is involved in ground substance production is:

All of the listed: (Both fibroblast and osteoblasts // Chondroblast //


Osteoblast)

4) Periosteum is connected to underlining bone via:

Sharpy's lines

5) The initial response to fracure repair is due to:

Ability of osteocytes to respond to tensile forces on the bone

6) Bony water is present within:

Perosteocytic space

7) Which of the following is not true regarding osteocytes:

Can undergo division

8) An osteoid is:

Osteocytes in lacuna within organic part of the bone matrix

9) What is the origin of osteoclasts:

Macrophage
10) Mark the Wrong contrast of the followings:

Osteocyte and osteoclasts

11) Bone callor formation occur during:

Endochondrial ossification

12) Where do you expect to find secondary bone in an adult:

All the listed except teeth sockets

13) In a developing bone, Bone callor is:

Initial bone tissue deposits within cartilgae

14) Osteoclasts are best active during:

Remodelling of bone

15) The premature bone cell that laydown bone tissue is:

Osteoblast

16) Regarding osteoclasts, Mark the Wrong statement:

Inhibited by parathyroid hormone

17) Regarding compact bone, MARK the WRONG statement:

Younger harvesian canal has smaller diameter than Old ones

18) In a longituidinal section of the outer plate of a long bone, you


expect to see:

Osteocytes arranged paralell to the long axis of the bone

19) In cartialge, nutrition pass by diffusion due to:

Rich in GAGS which absorb large amount of water


20) All types of cartilages share which of the followings:

Chonrdocytes within lacunae

21) Fetal skeleton is intially made mainly of:

Typical hyaline cartilage

22) The hyaline cartilage is present in the following ,EXCEPT:

Pinea of ear

23) If injury occurred to peripheral portion of knee menisci (cartilage


plate), what is the expected response?

Possible appostional growth and repair

24) All types of cartilages share the following features EXCEPT:

Perichondrium

25) Regarding fibrocartilage, Mark the Wrong statement:

Chonrdocytes are arranged in pairs within the matrix

26) The most common type of cartilage in our body is:

Hyaline cartilage

27) The main method by which mature cartilage regenerate is:

Apppositional growth

28) The oldest generation of chondrocyte are present at:

The center of a cartilage plate

29) What do cartilage and epithelial tissues have in common:

Both are avascular


30) What do glenoid labrum and intervertebral discs have in common:

Both made of fibrocartilge

31) The type of collagen fiber in fibrocatrilage and bone matrices is:

Collagen type 1

32) All of the following cartilages have perichondrium EXCEPT:

Articular cartilage

33) Stem cells of cartilage tissue is present at:

Perichondrium

34) Cartilage and bones share the following features EXCEPT:

Both undergo continous remodelling

35) Regarding epiphyseal growth plate, Which is true:

The second zone from above is zone of proliferation

36) Regarding fibrocartilage, Mark the Wrong statement:

Chonrdocytes are arranged in pairs within the matrix

37) Elastic and hyaline cartilages share the following features EXCEPT:

Fiber type present within extracellular matrix

38) The sense organ most closely associated with stretch reflexes (e.g.,
knee jerk) is the:

Muscle spindle

39) Neuromuscular junctions are located:

Midway along the length of the muscle fiber


40) Regarding the histology of CNS, Which is Wrong:

White matter is the inner layer in the spinal cord

41) Plasma membrane which surrounds the axon is called:

Axolemma

42) In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheat is formed by:

Fused plasma membranes of Schwan cells

43) Defective myelination results in a clinical disorder called:

Multiple sclerosis

44) The glial cell that forms perivascular feet is:

Astrocyte

45) The glial cell that acts as phagocyte in the CNS is:

Microglia

46) The glial cell that filters cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):

Ependymal cell

47) The ganglia: one of the followings is not correct:

Most of the sensory ganglia are formed of bipolar nerve cells

48) The nerve impulse is generated by the:

Initial axonal segment

49) The glia cell that does not developed from nervous origin:

Microgli
50) The parts of the neuron that has rough endoplasmic reticulum are:

a) Cell body
b) Axon
c) dendrites
d) All except axons

51) Special senses are conveyed by which neurons:

a) Multipolar neurons
b) Bipolar neurons
c) Unipolar

52) Dendrites contain the following EXCEPT:

a) Golgi apparatus
b) Mitochondria
c) neurofibrils
d) Nissl bodies (RER)

53) What is common features between smooth muscle and red type of
skeletal muscle?

a) Similar contractile property


b) striated in appearance
c) sustained production of force

54) What maintain the length of sacromeres?

2 of the listed
a) Cap-Z and tropomodulin ☺
b) Nebulin ☺
55) Microtubule act as a structural functional element in:
a) Neurons
b) Skeletal muscle cells
c) Smooth muscles cells

56) The type of conduction in unmyelinated nerve is:

a) Continuos type
b) Saltatory conduction

57) The reasons why we get shorter as we age is/are:

Disprortional periosteal and endosteal bone formation

58) What is concentrated at the fott end plate of an axon:

Mitochondria.<br/>(C)Nissl's granules

59) The histological abnormality in Multiple myeloma is/are:

Defective bone formation and increased resorption

60) All of the following elements undergoe assembly and disassembly in

mammalian cells ,Except:

a) Myosin
b) Actin
c) Titin

61) What induces formation of multinucleated osteoclast:


a) RANKL
b) Osteoprotegerin
c) M-CSF
d) all true

62) To which element hydroxyapatite binds to result in mineralization in


Bone:
Osteocalcin

63) All muscle types share which common feature:

a) Myosin and actin contractile proteins


b) Striated appearance
c) slow contraction

64) Which element binds the contractile protein in skeletal muscle to Z-


line:

a) Alfa actinin
b) Myomesin
c) M-protein

65) Intermediate filaments that hold the myofibrils In-register with each
other by:

Anchorage of desmin and vimentin to Z-lines

66) Gamma fibers innervates:

a) Striated portion of intrafusal fiber

b) nonstriated portion of extrafusal fibers


67)What factors regulate skeletal muscule contraction:

a)Sarcomer lengh regulation only

b)Cap-Z and tropomodulin

c) Motor nerve supply

d) Muscle spindle

All the listed

68) Cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle fibers share the following

characteristics EXCEPT:

a. Presence of gap junctions


b. striated in appearance
c. Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues possess intercalated discs

69) The following statements concerning skeletal muscle cells are


correct EXCEPT:

Multi-nuclei of fiber result from the successive division of myoblasts

70) Cross striation is due to:

Both in-register arrangment of contractile proteins and myofibril with


each other

71) Caveoli in smooth muscle represent:

Site of calcium aggregate

72) Which of the following muscles may undergo physiological


hypertrophy or hyperplasia:

a) Smooth muscle
b) Cardiac muscles
c) Skeletal muscles

73) Rigor mortis results from:

a) Stable actin -myosin interaction due to lack of ATP

b) Stable actin -myosin interaction due to excess ATP


Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

Cartilage
1. In cartialge, the extra cellular matrix is:
A. Surround chondrogenic cells.
B. Rich in glycosaminoglycan.
C. In hyaline cartilages it is rich in elastic fibers.
D. All of the listed.
E. Only found in hyaline cartilage.

2. hyaline cartilage is present in the following EXCEPT:


A. Articular surfaces of synovial joints.
B. Respiratory tract.
C. Epiphyseal plate.
D. Epiglottis.
E. Nose.

3. If injury occurred to central portion of knee menisci (cartilage plate), what is the
expected response :
A. Complete regeneration and repair
B. Replacement of damage part by fibrotic tissue.
C. Appearance of zone of hypertrophy.
D. Appearance of zone of proliferation.
E. Non of the listed.
4. All types of cartilages share the following features EXCEPT:
A. Fibrocytes as main cells.
B. Collagen fibers within extracelullar matrix.
C. Perichondrium.
D. Lacunae containing chondrocytes.
E. No blood vessels.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

5. Regarding fibrocartilage, Mark the Wrong statement::


A. Made of chonrocytes within lacunae.
B. Chonrdocytes are arranged in pairs within the matrix.
C. It is present in articular discs of bone joints.
D. It is present in intervertebral discs.
E. All of the listed.

6. The most common type of cartilage in our body is:


A. Hyaline cartilage.
B. Fibrocartilage.
C. Elastc cartilage.
D. Both Elastic and fibro types.
E. All of the listed.

7. The main method by which mature cartilage regenerate is:


A. Interstitial growth.
B. Apppositional growth.
C. Both interstitial and appositional.
D. Endochondrial growth.
E. Intramembraneous growth.

8. The oldest generation of chondrocyte are present at:


A. The center of a cartilage plate.
B. The periphery.
C. Both center and periphery.
D. Perichondrium.
E. Periosteom.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

9. What do cartilage and epithelial tissues have in common:


A. Both covers internal cavities.
B. Both have same power of regeneration
C. Both have similar cell types.
D. Both are avascular.
E. Both have same architecture.

10. What do glenoid labrum and intervertebral discs have in common:


A. All of the listed.
B. Both are made of hyaline cartilage.
C. Both made of elastic cartilage.
D. Both have perichondrium.
E. Both made of fibrocartilge

11. The main structural difference between fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage is/are:
A. Fibrocartilage has elastic fibers within its matrix.
B. Elastic cartilage has perichondrium.
C. Fibrocartilage is present at articular discs.
D. All of the listed.
E. Chonrdocytes in Fibrocartilage are arranged in rows.

12. The type of collagen fiber in fibrocatrilage and bone matrices is:
A. Collagen type II
B. Collagen type I
C. Collagen type IV.
D. Collagen type VII
E. Collagen type IX

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

13. All of the following cartilages have perichondrium EXCEPT:


A. Costochondral cartilage.
B. Trachial cartilage.
C. Laryngeal cartilage.
D. Articular cartilage.
E. Nasal cartilage.

14. Stem cells of cartilage tissue is present at.


A. Extracellular matrix.
B. None of the listed.
C. Periosteum.
D. Lacunae.
E. Perichondrium
15. The fetal bone is mainly
A. Hyaline
B. elastic
C. fibro cartilage
D. all the following

16. Cartilage take nutrients by diffusion due to


A. rich in BV
B. surrounded chondriogenic cells
C. have glucosamine that absorb water
D. have fenestrated pores in the matrix

17. The main growth that happens in immature bone :


A. appossitionl
B. interstitial
C. both

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

18. Perichondrium can be best described as:


A. It’s mainly collagen type 1
B. It’s absent in elastic cartilage
C. It is present in fibrocartilage
D. Al of the listed
19. Hyaline cartilage
A. contains type II collagen
B. plays a role in endochondral bone formation
C. grows by interstitial growth
D. a and c
E. all of the above
20. Regarding cartilage, all the followings are correct except:
A. articular cartilages is mainly of hyaline type
B. within a joint the main source of nourishment of the cartilage from the synovial
C. mature chondrocytes usually present as groups of two or four
D. chondrocytes are able to produce matrix through out life
E. chondrocytes communicate via junctional complexes
21. What do cartilage and bone tissues have in common:
A. Both are avascular.
B. Both formed of cells in lacunae within a matrix.
C. Both have same cell types.
D. Both have same power of regeneration.
E. Both have marrow

22. If injury occurred to peripheral portion of knee menisci (cartilage plate), what is the
expected response

A. Complete regeneration and repair

B.
B. Replacement of damage part by fibrotic tissue.
C. Appearance of zone of hypertrophy.
D. Appearance of zone of proliferation.
E. Possible Appositional growth and repair

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

23. Elastic and hyaline share which of the following:


A. Type of fibers in ECM
B. Both have isogenous group
C. Both have perichondrium
D. B+C

Key Answers:-

1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.E
11.E 12.B 13.D 14.E 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.E 20.D
21.B 22.E 23.D
Bones
1. What cartilage and bones DO NOT have in common:
A. Both derivative of connective tissue origin.
B. Both have similar architecture.
C. Both undergo continous remodelling
D. Both provide support to the body.
E. Both their cells are placed within lacunae.

2. What cartilage and bones have in common:


A. Both undergo continous remodelling.
B. Both are innervated
C. Both are avascular.
D. Both have similar architecture..
E. Both tissues contain osteoclasts.

3. In an epiphyseal growth plate the third layer from above is:


A. Hypertrophic zone
B. Resting zone
C. Calcified zone.
D. Ossified zone.
E. Proliferative zone.
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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

4. Regarding osteoclasts, Mark the Wrong statement:


A. Present within a space called Howship lacunae.
B. May have upto 50 nuclei.
C. Inhibited by parathyroid hormone.
D. Contain powerful lysosomes that digest bone matrix.
E. Have several membranous projections called ruffled border.
5. Endohondrial ossification occur in one of the following bones:
A. Tibia.
B. Ileum.
C. Occipital.
D. Scapula
E. Parietal.

6. What do extracellular matrixces of cartilage and bone tissues have in common:


A. Both are minerlized ground subtance.
B. Both are vascularized.
C. All types of both tissues are surrounded by connective tissue.
D. Both are innervated.
E. Their basic cells are placed within lacunae.

7. Regarding compact bone, MARK the WRONG statement:


A. Collagen fibers arranged in lamellae.
B. Younger harvesian canal has smaller diameter than Old ones.
C. Volkmann’s canal connects harvesian canals transversely
D. Harvesian canal is placed along the central axis of the bone.
E. Osteocytes are placed within lacunae.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

8. The function of canaliculi in the compact bone is:


A. Connection of Volkmann’s canals.
B. Support.
C. Connection of Haverian canals.
D. Diffusion of nutrition from blood capillaries.
E. Transmit blood capillaries.

9. What do you expect most to see in cross section of long bone:


A. Haversian canal.
B. Volkmanns canal.
C. Bone trabeculae.
D. Bone marrow.
E. all of the listed.

10. Where one can find primary bone in adults:


A. Tooth sockets.
B. All of the listed
C. Sites of fractures.
D. sites of skeletal muscle insertion.
E. Sutures.

11. in an epiphyseal growth plate the fourth layer from above is:
A. Resting zone.
B. Hypertrophic zone.
C. Proliferative zone.
D. Ossified zone.
E. Proliferative zone.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

12. What do you expect to see in a section of bone in a menopusal women:


A. Increase number of osteoblast.
B. Normal bone structure.
C. Osteoblast without ruffle border.
D. Thick bone outer plate.
E. All of the listed

13. The structure that binds periosteum to the underlying bone is:
A. Sharpey's fibers.
B. Volksman canal.
C. Endosteum.
D. Haversian canal.
E. All of the listed

14. The cell which is not involved in ground substance production is:
A. Osteoblast.
B. Osteoclast..
C. Chondroblast
D. Fibroblast.
E. All of the listed

15. What do osteoclast and monocytes have in common:


A. Both cells are normally found within blood stream.
B. Both cells are normally found within bone tissue.
C. Both have mononuclear origin
D. Both cells have same morphology.
E. Both belong to garnulocytes.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

16. In a developing bone, Bone callor is:


A. Mineral depopstion without collagen lamellae
B. Primary ossification center.
C. Secondary ossification center.
D. Patches of irregular arrays of collagen fibers.
E. Initial bone tissue deposits within cartilgae.

17. The premature bone cell that laydown bone tissue is:
A. Mesenchymal cells.
B. Osteoclast
C. Osteocyte.
D. Osteoblast.
E. Chonrdoblast.

18. The bone cell which is large, multinucleated and presents ruffled border is:
A. Osteoblast.
B. Osteoclast
C. Osteocyte.
D. Fibroblast.
E. Chonrdoblast.

19. Mark the Wrong statement in regard to repair of bone fracture:


A. Intact periosteum is essential for healing of bone fracture.
B. Bone repair is a continous processes throughout life.
C. The first bone tissue to be formed is lamellated bone.
D. Lamellated bone is formed only after woven bone formation.
E. Osteoblasts secret new bone matrix.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

20. Regarding bone tissue, which of the following is a Wrong match:


A. Howship lacuna---Osteoblast.
B. Matrix maintenance---Osteocytes.
C. Periosteom---Osteoblast.
D. Bone tissue resorption----Parathyroid hormones.
E. Canaliculi---Transverse processes.

21. Where do you expect to find primary bone in an adult:


A. Flat bones.
B. End of long bones.
C. End of short bones.
D. Teeth sockets
E. Sternum.

22. All the following is found in osteon EXCEPT:


A. osteoblast
B. osteocyte
C. caniculi
D. concentric lamella

23. The following is true about osteoblast


A. round cells
B. high RER
C. in lacuna
D. All of the following

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

24. The building cell in bone tissue is:


A. Osteoclast
B. Osteocyte
C. Osteoblast
D. Osteoprogenitor cells

25. Osteoclasts:

A. are multinucleated cells


B. produce proteolytic enzymes
C. are found in Howships lacunae
D. a and c
26. Regarding cartilage and bone tissues, all of the following are correct except:
A. both cartilages and bones are developed from mesenchymal origin
B. both consist of cellular and extra cellular matrix
C. both contain blood vessels and nerves
D. both are surrounded by a dense layer of connective tissue element; perichondrium /
periosteum
E. all of the above

27. Regarding bone, all of the following correct except:

A. in mature compact bone most of the individual lamellae form concentric rings around
a central Haversian canal
B. Haversian canals typically run parallel to the surface and along the long axis of the
bone
C. a Haversian canal generally contains one or two capillaries and some nerve fibers
D. Volkmann's canals, establish connections of the Haversian canals with the inner and
outer surfaces of the bone
E. an Osteon is a mineralized compact bone

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

28. Regarding bone, all the following are correct except:

A. collagen fibers make about 90% of the organic substances of bone matrix
B. collagen type I is the dominant collagen form in bone
C. the hardness of then matrix is due to its content of inorganic salts
D. hydroxyapatite makes about 75% of the dry weight of bone
E. endosteal lamellae are present underneath the periosteum surface of the bone

29. Regarding osteoblasts, all the followings are correct except:

A. are derived of mesenchymal origin


B. may form a low columnar '' epitheloid layer '' at sites of bone deposition
C. they contain plenty of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large golgi apparatus
D. differentiate into osteocytes when mature
E. osteoblasts are essentially found underneath the periosteal surface only

30. Regarding osteoclasts, all of the followings are correct except:

A. are very large up to 100 micro in diameter


B. are multi-nucleated about 5-10 visible in a histological section
C. They are bone resorbing cells and arise by the fusion of Monocyte
D. osteoblasts attach themselves to the bone matrix and form a tight seal at the rim of
the attachment site
E. osteoblasts are stimulated by calcitonin hormone

31. Regarding bone tissue all the followings are correct except:

A. may be compact and trabeculae bone


B. the matrix of trabeculae bone is deposited in the form of lamellae
C. in mature bones, trabeculae bone forms lamellae with Haversian systems model
D. in mature bones, compact one forms lamellae in the form of Haversian systems
E. in immature bone collagen fibers in the matrix are irregularly arranged
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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

32. Regarding bone tissues all the followings are correct except:

A. during bone development, it always starts by woven bone formation

B. reorganization and growth, woven bone will, in time, be replaced by lamellar bone

C. most bones are formed by the transformation of cartilage '' bone models ''

D. the initial site of bone deposition is called a primary ossification center

E. secondary ossification centers occur in the future diaphysis of the bone

33. The response to fracture is due to:

A. Osteoclast recruit osteoblasts for remodelling.


B. Osteoblasts starts secreting ECM without any help of other cells
C. Ability of osteocytes to respond to tensile forces on the bone through secreting
cAMP, calcitonin & GFS
D. None

34. Bone water is present in:

A. Bone Matrix
B. Periosteocytic space
C. Volksman Canal
D. Lacunae

35. Osteoid is:

A. Osteocytes in lacuna within organic part of the bone matrix.


B. Osteocytes in lacunae within the inorganic part of bone matrix.
C. Osteoblasts within the organic part of bone matrix.
D. Osteoblasts within the inorganic part of the bone matrix

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

36. Osteoclasts originate from:

A. Macrophages.
B. Osteoprogenitor cells
C. Mesenchymal cells
D. Chondroblasts

37. Bone collar arises in which of the following:

A. Intramembraneous ossification
B. Apposotional growth of bones
C. Intersitial growth of cartilage
D. Endochondral ossification

38. Secondary bone is found in:

A. Sternum
B. Flat bones
C. Endo of long bones
D. End of short bones
E. Teeth sockets.
F. All except teeth socket

39. The highest activity for osteoclasts is during:

A. Bone remodelling
B. Bone maturation
C. Bone growth
D. Endochondral ossification

40. What induces formation of osteoclasts

A. Osteoproteegrin
B. M-CSF
C. RANKL
D. All of the following

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

41. To which element does hydroxyapitate bind to induce mineralization of bones

A. Sialoprotein
B. Osteopontin
C. Osteocalcin
D. PTH
E. Calcitonin

Key Answers:-

1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.E 7.E 8.D 9.E 10.B
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A
21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25,D 26.C 27.B 28.E 29.E 30.E
31.C 32.E 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.D 38.F 39.A 40.C
41.C

Muscle Tissue
1. The following statements concerning the smooth muscle cells are correct EXCEPT:
A. They are fusiform in shape.
B. Each cell has a single, centrally located nucleus.
C. T– tubules are found at the level of the Z–line
D. Bundles of myofilaments crisscross obliquely through the cell, forming a latticelike
network.
E. Myosin interacts with actin only when its light chain is phosphorylated.

2. Which of the following structures maintain the integrity of actin bands:


A. M-line.
B. Actin filament.
C. H-band.
D. Z line.
E. All of the listed.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

3. The basic tissue which is made of spindle shape cells with central oval nuclei arranged in
layers is:
A. Skeletal muscle.
B. Cardiac muscle.
C. Dense regular connective tissue.
D. Smooth muscle.
E. All of the listed.

4. Cardiac muscle fiber has the following characteristics EXCEPT:


A. Triads.
B. Gap junctions.
C. Central nucleus.
D. Branching.
E. Diads.

5. Which kind of tissue covers skeletal muscle:


A. Loose connective tissue.
B. Reticular connective tissue.
C. Perimysium.
D. Epimysium.
E. Non of the listed.

6. Muscle tissue tissue is of:


A. Epithelial origin.
B. Mesodermal.
C. Ectodermal origin.
D. Endodermal.
E. Pseudostratified epthelium.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

7. The following statements concerning skeletal muscle cells are correct EXCEPT:
A. The flat nuclei are usually found at the periphery of the cell.
B. Multinucliation of cells are resulted from the fusion of the mononucleaed myoblasts.
C. In most instances, individual muscle cells do not extend from one end of a muscle to
the other.
D. Capillaries form a network that runs between and parallel to the muscle fibers.
E. The connective tissue around each muscle fiber is called the perimysium.

8. The following statements concerning the myofibrils of the skeletal muscles are correct
EXCEPT:
A. They are long cylindrical filamentous bundle that fill the sarcoplasm.
B. They consist of an end-to-end chainlike arrangement of sarcomeres.
C. They run parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers.
D. They contain thick and thin filaments,that lie obliquely, at right angle to their long
axis
E. The in-register arrangement of myosin and actin filaments within sarcomers exhibit
transverse striations.
9. In the cardiac muscle T–tubules are found at the level of the:
A. A – band.
B. H–band.
C. M–line.
D. A–I junction.
E. Z–line.
10. Thin filament of skeletal muscle is made of:
A. Tubulin.
B. Troponin.
C. Tropomyosin.
D. Actin.
E. All except tubulin.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

11. Intercalated discs are found in:


A. Cardiac and some smooth muscles
B. Skeletal muscles.
C. Smooth muscle.
D. Epithelial tissue.
E. Both skeletal and cardiac muscles.

12. During muscle contraction, one of the following does not occur in the sarcomere:
A. Z-lines become closer.
B. I-band become shorter.
C. M-band become shorter.
D. A-band become shorter
E. The muscle sarcomeres become shorter

13. Which of the following structures maintain the integrity of myosin bands:
A. M-line.
B. Z line.
C. H-band.
D. Actin filament.
E. All of the listed.

14. Sarcomere arrangement is present in:


A. Cardiac muscle.
B. Smooth muscle.
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Both cardiac and skeletal muscles.
E. All types of muscles.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

15. Gamma fibers:


A. Intrafusal muscle fibers
B. Nuclear bag fibers
C. Nuclear chain fibers
D. All of the following

16. The cross striations are due to :


A. Both in-register arrangment of contractile proteins and myofibril with.each other
B. Z line
C. Sarcomere
D. All of the following.

17. Which of the following muscle has physiological hypertrophy:


A. smooth
B. skeletal
C. all
D. cardiac

18. What do smooth muscle and skeletal muscle have in common


A. slow prolonged contraction
B. fast
C. None of the following
D. All of the following

19. gamma fibers supplies


A. nuclear bag
A.
B. nuclear chain
C. intrafusal striated end
D. extrafusal

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

20. Caveoli is:


A. Epimysium.
B. Primitive sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle.
C. Cisternae that contain calcium ions.
D. Perimysium.
E. Skeletal muscle fibers.
21. if man run 100 m in marathon he will use which type of muscle:
A. type 1
B. type 2
C. Both
D. None of the listed

22. regarding smooth muscle cells, the incorrect statement is


A. thin and thick filaments are connected in a meshwork in the cell
B. Z lines are between A bands
C. thin filaments bind to thick filaments only if they are phosphorylated
D. have oval nuclei
E. have SER

23. All of the following is true about Type I muscle except:


A. more number of mitochondria
B. more blood supply
C. for force or strong and fast contraction
D. present in postural muscles

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

24. caveolae in smooth muscles is found in :


A. A band
B. M band
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Striation
E. sarcomeres arrangement

25. function of muscle spindle :


A. transmit action potential
B. control the frequency and rate of contraction
C. All of the following
D. None
26. The sense organ most closely associated with stretch reflex:
A. Muscle spindle
B. Sarcomere
C. Muscle fiber
D. Epimysium

27. Neuromuscular junction is present at :


A. Midway along the length of the muscle fiber.
B. Sarcomere
C. on the plasma membrane of the nerve
D. on the plasma membrane of the muscle

28. the most common feature between red skeletal fibers and smooth muscle is:
A. Length
B. They are both striated
C. They both have sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Similar contractile property
E. They are both branched

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

29. Which of the following maintains the length of sarcomere


A. CAP-Z
B. Nebulin
C. Tropomodulin
D. Alpha – Actinin
E. All except alpha actinin

30. All Muscle share which of the following


A. Being striated
B. the ability to be controlled
C. striations
D. .Myosin and actin contractile proteins
E. All of the following

31. The element that binds contractile proteins in muscle to Z-line


A. Nebulin
B. Tropomudulin
C. alpha-actinin
D. Titin
E. Cap-Z
32. Which intermediate filaments hold myofibrils in register with each other:
A. Desmin & vemintin anchorage to z-line
B. Titin
C. Tubulin
D. Dystrophin
E. Nebulin

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

33. What factors regulate skeletal muscule contraction:


A. Muscle spindle
B. Motor nerve supply
C. tropomodulin & Z-Cap only
D. Sarcomere length regulation
E. All of the listed

34. Cardiac and skeletal share all of the following except:


A. presence of sarcomere
B. Both have T-Tubule and sarcoplasmic cisterns
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D. Gap Junctions

35. All of the following about skeletal muscle is true except:


A. The main reason behind that it is multinecleated is due to fusion of myoblasts
B. Fibers are long unbranched cylindrical
C. They are made of a small functional unit called sarcomere
D. They are mutlinucleted due to continous divison of myoblasts

Key Answer:
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.E 8.D 9.E 10.D
11.A 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.A 20.B
21.B 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.A 28.D 29.E 30.D
31.C 32.A 33.E 34.d 35.D
Nervous tissue
1. Defective myelination results in a clinical disoreder called:
A. Schizophrenia
B. Depressive disorder
C. Parkinson's.
D.
D. Huntington's chorea
E. Multiple sclerosis

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

2. The inner layer of the meninges is called:


A. Dura matter.
B. Pia matter
C. Arachanoid matter.
D. Outer gray matter.
E. Inner white matter.

3. Nissl bodies means:


A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Axon hillock.
C. Perikaryon.
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Lipofuscin granules.

4. The glial cell that forms blood-brain barrier is:


A. Oilgodendrocyte.
B. Astrocyte.
C. Ependymal cell.
D. Schwan cell.
E. Microglia.
5. Cell that form myeline sheat in central nervous system is called:
A. Astroglia
B. Schwann cells
C. Microglia
D. Oligodendrocyte
E. Ependymal cells

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

6. A group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system is called a:
A. Nerve
B. Commissure
C. Nucleus
D. Column
E. Ganglion

7. The commonest type of neurons in our body is:


A. Multipolar.
B. Unipolar
C. Astroglia
D. Bipolar
E. Both unipolar and bipolar

8. Purkinje cells (neurons with large cell bodies and densely-branched, flattened dendritic
trees) are characteristic of the:
A. Retina.
B. Cerebral cortex.
C. Ventral horn of spinal cord
D. Cerebellar cortex (Cerebrum)
E. Dorsal horn of spinal cord.

9. The part neuron which does not has rough endoplasmic reticulum is:
A. Cytoplasm.
B. Axon
C. Dendrites.
D. Perikaryon.
E. All of the listed.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

10. Sensory ganglion neurons are:


A. Multipolar neurons.
B. Pseudopolar neurons.
C. Unipolar neurons.
D. Bipolar neurons.
E. Both unipolar and Bipolar

11. Literally, synapse that contain acetylcholine is called:


A. Chemical.
B. Electrical.
C. Symmetrical.
D. Inhibitory.
E. None of the listed.

12. The parts of the neuron that has rough endoplasmic reticulum are:
A. Cytoplasm.
B. Perikaryon.
C. All except axons.
D. Axon.
E. Dendrites.

13. In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheet is formed by:
A. Cytoplasm and plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes.
B. Cytoplasm and plasma membrane of Schwan cells.
C. Cytoplasm of Schwan cells.
D. Plasma membrane of Schwan cells.
E. Plasma membrane of Oligodendrocytes.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

14. Structurally the sites responsible for action potential initiation and salutatory conduction
in the neurons are:
A. Dendrites and Axon hillock.
B. Dendrites and Nodes of Ranvier.
C. Dendrites and myelin sheat.
D. Myelin sheat and nodes of Ranvier.
E. Axon hillock and nodes of Ranvier.

15. Plasma membrane which surrounds the axon is called:


A. Axoplasm.
B. Initial segment.
C. Axolemma.
D. Axon Hillock.
E. Nerve fiber

16. The neurons, one of the followings is not correct:


A. The dendrites maintain their diameter along their length.
B. The axons maintain their diameter along their length.
C. Any part of neuron (cell body, dendrite or axon) may receive synapses.
D. One axon may give-rise to some axon terminals.
E. The axon of the projection neurons leave the areas where the cell bodies are located
and may have length of about one meter
17. The nerve impulse is generated by the:
A. Axon.
B. Axon terminal
C. Initial part of dendrite.
D. Axon collateral.
E. Initial axonal segment.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

18. The glia cell that does not developed from nervous origin:
A. Schwaan cell.
B. Oligodendrocyte.
C. Astrocyte.
D. Microglia
E. Ependymal cells.

19. The ganglia: one of the followings is not correct:


A. The autonomic ganglia contain less satellite cells around their neurons comparing to
the sensory ganglia
B. The sensory ganglia contain no synapses
C. The sensory ganglia contain large number of stellate cells around their neurons.
D. Most of the sensory ganglia are formed of bipolar nerve cells.
E. The autonomic ganglia are formed of multipolar neurons.

20. Degeneration of myelin sheet results in:


A. Loss of signal or impulse.
B. A disease called multiple sclerosis.
C. In ability of the affected person to execute movements or thinking.
D. Loss of control over different activities.
E. All of the listed are correct.

21. Regarding the histology of CNS, Which is Wrong:


A. White matter is the inner layer in the spinal cord.
B. Gray matter is the outer layer in the brain.
C. Formed of gray and white matters.
D. Neurons cell bodies are present within the CNS and ganglia.
E. Ganglia are either sympathetic or spinal.

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

22. Concerning the process of myelination: one of the followings is true:


A. One oligodendrocyte makes myelin sheath of one internode of one axon only.
B. One Schwan cell makes myelin sheath of one internode of one axon only.
C. One Schwan cell unsheathes one unmyelinated axon only.
D. Unmyelinated axons may have nodes of Ranvier.
E. In the central nervous system, one oligodendrocyte sheathes several unmyelinated
axons

23. The glial cell that forms perivascular feet is:


A. Oilgodendrocyte.
B. Schwan cell.
C. Multipolar neuron.
D. Astrocyte.
E. Microglia.

24. The glial cell that acts as phagocyte in the CNS is:
A. Oilgodendrocyte.
B. Schwan cell.
C. Multipolar neuron.
D. Astrocyte.
E. Microglia.

25. The glial cell that filters cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):


A. Oilgodendrocyte.
B. Schwan cell.
C. Astrocyte.
D. Ependymal cell.
E. Microglia

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Sanad Issam Al-Dwairi Past Year Questions Histology

26. Structurally the sites responsible for action potential initiation and salutatory conduction
in the neurons are:
A. Dendrites and Axon hillock.
B. Dendrites and Nodes of Ranvier.
C. Axon hillock and nodes of Ranvier.
D. Myelin sheet and nodes of Ranvier.
E. Dendrites and myelin sheet.

27. Dendrites have all of the following except:


A. Neurofibrils
B. Nissil bodies (RER)
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Spines
E. All of the following

Key Answer:

1.E 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.E 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B
11.A 12.C 13.D 14.E 15.C 16.A 17.E 18.D 19.D 20.E
21.A 22.D 23.D 24.E 25.D 26.C 27.C

‫فالكم البيرق حبايبي‬


‫أخوكم سند الدويري – النادي الطبي‬

31 | P a g e
.
The glial cell that filters cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):
Microglia
Astrocyte.
Oilgodendrocyte.
Schwan cell.
*Ependymal cell.

Plasma membrane which surrounds the axon is called:


Nerve fiber
*Axolemma.
Initial segment.
Axoplasm
Axon Hillock

Which of the following is involved in laying down ECM *


0/2
Osteoblasts
fibroblasts
Chondroblalsts
*All of the above
Feedback
All blast series are responsible
for ECM secretion

Which intermediate filaments hold myofibrils in register with each other *


*Desmin & vemintin anchorage to z-line
Dystrophin
Titin
Tubulin
nebulin

Sensory ganglion (Special Senses) neurons are *


Both unipolar and Bipolar
*Bipolar neurons.
Unipolar neurons.
Pseudopolar neurons.
Multipolar neurons.
The main method by which mature cartilage regenerate is: *
Intramembraneous growth.
Endochondral growth
Both interstitial and appositional
Interstitial growth
*Apppositional growth

Which of the following maintains the length of sarcomere *


CAP-Z
Nebulin
Tropomodulin
Alpha - Actinin
*All except alpha actinin

osteoid is *
*Osteocytes in lacuna within organic part of the bone matrix
Osteocytes in lacunae within the inorganic part of bone matrix
Osteoblasts within the organic part of bone matrix
Osteoblasts within the inorganic part of the bone matrix

Regarding fibrocartilage, Mark the Wrong statement:


It is present in articular discs of bone joints.
Made of chonrocytes within lacunae
*Chonrdocytes are arranged in pairs within the matrix
All of the listed.
It is present in intervertebral discs
Feedback
‫ المفروض‬in rows

The structure that binds periosteum to the underlying bone is: *


*Sharpey's fibers.
Volksman canal
Endosteum
Haversian canal.
All of the listed
The glia cell that does not developed from nervous origin: *
Oligodendrocyte
Schwaan cell.
Astrocyte.
*Microglia

Dendrites have all of the following except: *


Neurofibrils
Nissil bodies (RER)
*Golgi apparatus
Spines
All of the following

The type of collagen fiber in fibrocatrilage and bone matrices is: *


Collagen type II
Collagen type VII
Collagen type IV.
Collagen type IX
*Collagen type I

To which element does hydroxyapitate bind to induce mineralization of


bones *
Sialoprotein
Osteopontin
*osteocalcin
PTH
Calcitonin

The element that binds contractile proteins in muscle to Z-line


Nebulin
Tropomudulin
*alpha-actinin
Titin
Cap-Z
Cross striation is due to *
due to z line
Both in-register arrangment of contractile proteins and myofibril with.each
other
due to sarcomeres
All of the following
*No correct answers

Where do you expect to find secondary bone in an adult *


Sternum.
Flat bones
End of long bones.
End of short bones.
Teeth Sockets
*All of the listed except teeth sockets

Feedback
‫ الزبدة اعرفولي انه كل عظام جسمنا تعتبر‬, ‫بغض النظر عن الخيارات‬
secondary , ‫ما يخعدكم بالخيارات‬

Bone water is present within: *


Lacunae
Bone Matrix
*Periosteocytic Space
Volksman Canal

Elastic & Hyaline cartilage share the following except


Cells are present in isogenous group
Both have perichondrium
*Type of fibers in ECM
All of the true
Bone collar arises in which of the following: *
Intramembraneous ossification
Apposotional growth of bones
Intersitial growth of cartilage
*Endochondral ossification
Name: *
Culpa odio sit adip

Microtubules function as a functional element in: *


Skeletal muscle
Bones
Cartilage
*Neurons

What induces formation of osteoclasts *


Osteoproteegrin
M-CSF
RANKL
Alll of the following

Gamma fibers innervates *


*Striated portion Intrafusal muscle fibers
Nuclear bag fibers
Nuclear chain fibers
All of the following

The most common type of cartilage in our body is: *


All of the listed.
Both Elastic and fibro types.
Elastc cartilage
Fibrocartilage.
*Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
The parts of the neuron that has rough endoplasmic reticulum are: *
Dendrites.
Axon
Cytoplasm
Perikaryon
*All except axons.

What factors regulate skeletal muscule contraction: *


Muscle spindle
Motor nerve supply
tropomodulin & Z-Cap only
Sarcomere lengh regulation
*All of the listed

The oldest generation of chondrocyte are present at: *


Periosteom
Perichondrium
Both center and periphery.
*The center of a cartilage plate
The periphery.

What do cartilage and epithelial tissues have in common: *


Both have same architecture.
*Both are avascular.
Both have similar cell types.
Both covers internal cavities
Both covers internal cavities

All Muscle share which of the following


Being striated
the ability to be controlled
straitions
*.Myosin and actin contractile proteins
All of the following

Cartilage take nutrients by diffusion due to *


rich in BV
surrounded chondrogenic cells
*The presence of GAGS that absorb water
have fenestrated pores in the matrix

Osteoclast cells originate from: *


*Macrophages
Osteoprogenitor cells
Mesenchymal cells
Chondroblasts

What do glenoid labrum and intervertebral discs have in common: *


*Both made of fibrocartilge
Both have perichondrium.
Both made of elastic cartilage.
Both are made of hyaline cartilage
All of the listed

The nerve impulse is generated by the: *


Axon collatera
Initial part of dendrite.
Axon terminal
*Initial axonal segment.
Axon

Bones & Cartilage share the following except: *


Both derivative of connective tissue origin.
Both have similar architecture.
*.Both undergo continous remodelling
Both provide support to the body.
Both their cells are placed within lacunae
Cardiac and skeletal share all of the following except: *
presence of sarcomere
Both have T-Tubule ans sarcomplasmic cisterns
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Gap Junctions

hyaline cartilage is present in the following EXCEPT *


Respiratory tract.
Nose
*Epiglottis // Pinea of the ear
Epiphyseal plate.
Articular surfaces of synovial joints

Feedback
‫ كل مرة جوابه شكل مرة‬, ‫ و السؤال اجا اكثر من مرة‬, ‫ ركزولي ع وين موجود‬epiglottis ‫و مرة‬
Pinea of the ear , ‫لهيك ال يخدعكم بالخيارات‬

If injury occurred to central portion of knee menisci (cartilage plate), what


is the expected response : *
Appearance of zone of proliferation
Appearance of zone of hypertrophy.
*Replacement of damage part by fibrotic tissue
Complete regeneration and repair
Appearance of zone of proliferation.

Regarding epiphysial growth plate, which is true *


The first zone is the hypertrophic zone
The third zone is the resting cartilage
The fifth zone is the the calcifying zone
The fourth zone is the ossified zone
*The second zone is the proliferative zone

The fetal skeleton is mainly made from: *


*Typical hyaline cartilage
elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Articular cartilage
All of the following

All types of cartilages share which of the following the following features *
Perichondrium
blood vessels
Perichondrium
Fibrocytes as main cells.
*Chondrocytes within lacunae

If injury occurred to peripheral portion of knee menisci (cartilage plate),


what is the expected respose *
Appearance of zone of proliferation
*Possible appostional growth and repair
Complete regeneration and repair
Replacement of damage part by fibrotic tissue
Appearance of zone of hypertrophy.

Defective myelination results in a clinical disoreder called: *


Depressive disorder
Huntington's chorea
Parkinson's
Schizophrenia
*Multiple sclerosis

The main function of microtubules in neurons is: *


Generating action potential
Receiving action potential
Regeneration of the neuron
*Functional element

Regarding compact bone, MARK the WRONG statement: *


*Younger harvesian canal has smaller diameter than Old ones.
Collagen fibers arranged in lamellae.
Volkmann’s canal connects harvesian canals transversely
Harvesian canal is placed along the central axis of the bone.
Osteocytes are placed within lacunae.
The most common feature between red skeletal muscle fibers and smooth
muscle is
Length
They are both striated
They both have sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Similar contractile property
They are both branched

Which muscle undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy *


Skeletal
*Smooth
Cardiac
All

All of the following cartilages have perichondrium EXCEPT: *


Nasal cartilage
*Articular cartilage.
Laryngeal cartilage
Trachial cartilage
Costochondral cartilage

In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheet is formed by: *


A-Cytoplasm and plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes
B-Cytoplasm and plasma membrane of Schwan cells// .Fused plasma
membranes of Schwan cells
C-Plasma membrane of Oligodendrocytes
D-Cytoplasm of Schwan cells
E-Plasma membrane of Schwan cells.
*No correct answers

In a developing bone, Bone callor is: *


Mineral depopstion without collagen lamellae
Primary ossification center
Secondary ossification center
Patches of irregular arrays of collagen fibers
*Initial bone tissue deposits within cartilgae
Nueromuscular junction is present in:

*Midway along the length of the muscle fiber


Sarcomere
on the plasma membrane of the nerve
on the plasma membrane of the muscle

All types of cartilages share the following features EXCEPT: *


Lacunae containing chondrocytes.
No blood vessels
Collagen fibers within extracelullar matrix.
Fibrocytes as main cells
*Perichondrium

All of the following about skeletal muscle is true except: *


The main reason behind that it is multinecleated is due to fusion of
myoblasts
Fibers are long unbranched cylindrical
They are made of a small functional unit called sarcomere
*They are mutlinucleted due to continous divison of myoblasts

The glial cell that forms perivascular feet is:


Microglia.
Schwan cell
Oilgodendrocyte
Multipolar neuron.
*Astrocyte

Stem cells of cartilage tissue is present at: *


*Perichondrium
Lacunae
Periosteum
None of the listed
Extracellular matrix
Regarding the histology of CNS, Which is Wrong *
*White matter is the inner layer in the spinal cord
Gray matter is the outer layer in the brain.
Neurons cell bodies are present within the CNS and ganglia.
Ganglia are either sympathetic or spinal.
Formed of gray and white matters

The sense organ most closely associated with stretch reflexes is the: *
*Muscle spindle
Sarcomere
Muscle fiber
Epimysium

Regarding osteoclasts, Mark the Wrong statement: *


Present within a space called Howship lacunae
May have upto 50 nuclei
*Inhibited by parathyroid hormone.
Contain powerful lysosomes that digest bone matrix.E
Have several membranous projections called ruffled border

The ganglia: one of the followings is not correct: *


A-The autonomic ganglia are formed of multipolar neurons.
B-The sensory ganglia contain large number of stellate cells around their
neurons
C-The autonomic ganglia contain less satellite cells around their neurons
comparing tothe sensory ganglia
*D-Most of the sensory ganglia are formed of bipolar nerve cells.
E-The sensory ganglia contain no synapses

The glial cell that acts as phagocyte in the CNS is: *


astrocyte.
Schwan cell.
*Microglia
Oilgodendrocyte
Multipolar neuron.

The response to fracture is due to: *


Osteoclast recruit osteoblasts for remodelling
Osteoblasts starts secreting ECM without any help of other cells
*Ability of osteocytes to respond to tensile forces on the bone through
secreting cAMP, calcitonin & GFS
None

The premature bone cell that laydown bone tissue is: *


2
Chonrdoblast.
*Osteoblast.
Osteocyte.
Osteoclast
Mesenchymal cells

All of the following about osteocytes are true exept: *


A-Osteocytes are mature bone cells that live in lacunae and they maintain
the bone matrix
B-They are between layers (lamellae) of matrix and connected to each
other by the canaliculi of the lamellae
C-They help in the recruitment of osteoblasts and this done by secreting
cAMP, Osteocalcin and growth factors as a response to tension.
D-Periosteocytic Space is specific space between osteocyte membrane
and the wall of the lacunae.
*E-The have the ability to divide
F-All are true

The highest activity for osteoclast is during *


Maturation of the bone
*Bone remodelling
Bone Growth
Endochondral ossification
Which of the following muscle has physiological hypertrophy: *
cardiac
skeletal
*smooth
All

The type of conduction in unmyelinated nerve is (‫* )بصمممممممممم‬


Continuos type
Caveoli represents: (‫* )بصصصصصممممممم‬
Calcium storage Site
What is concentrated at the fott end plate of axon
(‫* )بصممممممممممممممممممممممم‬
Nissl's granules & Mitochondria
V
In a longituidinal section of the outer plate of a long bone: (
‫*)بصممممممممممممم‬
Osteocytes arranged paralell to the long axis of the bone

The structural abnormality in Myasthenia Gravis is (‫* )بصصصصصممممممم‬


Competitive occupation of acetylcholine receptors by autoantibodies

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