LEARNING OBJECTIVES

GASTROINTESTINAL MODULE 2

1. Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of liver, spleen, and

pancreas
Anatomy: Snell 10th Chapter 7
Histology: Junquiera 15th Chapter 16
Physiology: Guyton 13th Chapter 65, 71

2. Discuss the metabolic functions of the liver and the evaluation of liver
function
Metabolic Functions of the Liver: Guyton 13th Chapter 71
Evaluation of Liver Function: Harrison 20th Chapter 330

3. Describe the metabolism of bilirubin and discuss the causes of Jaundice and
their Pathophysiology
Metabolism of bilirubin: Harrison 20th Chapter 331, 45
Jaundice: Harrison 20th Chapter 45

4. To be able to know how to approach a patient with Liver Disease

Approach to a patient with Liver Disease: Harrison 20th Chapter 329

5. To discuss the types of Hyperbilirubinemias, its etiology, pathophysiology,

approach, and management
a. Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism leading to Unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia
b. Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism leading to Mixed or Predominantly
Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Types of Hyperbilirubinemia: Harrison 20th 331, 45
Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Harrison 20th 331
Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism leading to Mixed or Predominantly Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia:
Harrison 20th 331

6. Describe the various types, etiology of acute viral hepatitis with emphasis on
Acute Hepatitis A, B, C, and D; to include their pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, laboratory examinations, managements, complications,
sequelae, and preventive measures
Acute Hepatitis A, B, C, D: Harrison 20th 332

7. To be able to discuss Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis

Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis: Harrison 20th 333

8. To be able to discuss chronic hepatitis to include their pathophysiology, clinical

manifestations, laboratory examinations, managements, complications,
sequelae, and preventive measures
Chronic Hepatitis: Harrison 20th 334

9. Describe Alcoholic Liver Disease, its etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology,

clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, managements, complications, and
prognosis
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Harrison 20th 335

10. Describe Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic

Steatohepatitis, its etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical
manifestations, laboratory findings, managements, complications, and prognosis
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Harrison 20th 336
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GASTROINTESTINAL MODULE 2

11. Describe the different types of Liver Cirrhosis, its etiology, pathogenesis,
histopathology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, managements,
complications, and prognosis
a. Portal Hypertension- Esophageal Varices
b. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism
c. Ascites
d. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
e. Hepatorenal Syndrome
f. Hepatic Encephalopathy
g. Malnutrition in Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis and Complications: Harrison 20th 337

12. To discuss on Liver Transplantation, its indications, contraindications, technical

considerations, postoperative course and management, and outcome.
Liver Transplantation: Harrison 20th 338

13. Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the gallbladder and the
hepatobiliary tree, including physiology of bile production and blood flow
Anatomy: Snell 10th Chapter 7
Histology: Junquiera 15th Chapter 16
Physiology: Guyton 13th Chapter 65, 71
Physiology of Bile Production and Bile Flow: Harrison 20th Chapter 339

14. Describe the mechanism of gallstone formation

Gallstones: Harrison 20th Chapter 339, Guyton 13th Chapter 65

15. Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications,

and management of the common conditions that affect the hepatobiliary system
a. Acute and chronic cholecystisis, to include cholelithasis
b. Diseases of the bile ducts, to include acute cholangitis
Acute and Chronic Cholecystisis: Harrison 20th Chapter 339
Cholethiasis (Formation of Gallstones): Harrison 20th Chapter 339
Diseases of Bile Ducts: Harrison 20th Chapter 339
Acute Cholangitis: Harrison 20th Chapter 339 (Sclerosing Cholangitis??)

16. Discuss the etiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, complications,

and management of Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis: Harrison 20th Chapter 229

17. Discuss the morphologic characteristics, life cycle, and pathogenesis of

Schistosoma sp.
Schistosoma sp. : Belizario Chapter 5, Jawetz Chapter 46

18. Discuss the morphologic characteristics, life cycle, and pathogenesis of

trematodes.
Trematodes. : Belizario Chapter 5, Jawetz Chapter 46

19. To discuss the approach to a patient with pancreatic disease

Approach to a patient with Pancreatic Disease. : Harrison 20th Chapter 340

20. Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications,

and medical and surgical management of the following:
a. Acute and chronic pancreatitis
b. Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
c. Periampullary Tumors
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: Harrison 20th Chapter 341
Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: Harrison 20th Chapter 79
Periampullary Tumors: Sleissenger 10th Chapter 69
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GASTROINTESTINAL MODULE 2