HTML, PHP & MySQL

A
Industrial Training Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of
B.Com(Computer Application)

BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY
BHOPAL (M.P)

Submitted By
Shubham Chouskey
14150901

Department Of Computer Application

M K Ponda College of Business an Management
Bhopal. March-April (2016)
 Certificate

Date:16/03/2016

Place:Bhopal

TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Subham Chouskey has completed the Industrial Training in
our Organization Cybercops Info Solution, Bhopal (M.P.) during the academic
year 2014-2015. He/she was trained in the field of “X-HTML, PHP & MY
SQL”. His overall performance during the period was good. We wish him great
success in future.

(IT Manager)

Cyber cops Info Solution, Bhopal

 DECLARATION

I Anand Dangi Son of Mr.Umed Singh Dangi certify

that the internship report entitled “ ”. Website
development repaired by me is my personal and an authentic
work under the guidance of Mr.Ranjeet kumar(IT Manager) of
Cyber Cops Info Solution,Bhopal.

Date:- Signature of student

Place:-Bhopal Name:- ANAND DANGI

Class:- B.com 6th Sem(CA)

Address:-Pooja Colony Karond (Bhopal)

Contact No.:- 9644588232

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before, we get into the depth of the things we would like to add heartfelt words for the
people who at various stages of the project development helped us by their valuable
guidance.

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to
Ms Rajinder kaur, Computer Science Department of our college, for his continuous
guidance, support and encouragement throughout the course of this entire project.

This diction is nothing to acknowledge the constant inspiration encouragement and

guided by Mr Ranjeet Kumar, the project guide, [M K Ponda College of Business
and Management, Bhopal], Bhopal for empowering us to complete our project. It was
only due to their sincere effort that we were able to end up this project.

Also a special thanks to all other staff members and colleagues for their help and
suggestion, which they have always towards us whenever we were in trouble.

Last but not the least we would like to express our gratitude to our parents without
whose help and blessings we can’t take a single step in the right direction.

Thanks!
 INDEX

S. no. Content Page

1 A glance of Internship
Detail
2 Internship Schedule

3 About the organization

4 Area of internship

5 Internship Activities

6 An assessment of the
Internship

7 Conclusion

8 References
 A glance at internship Detail

Name of student : Shubham chouksey

Permanent Address
Address for correspondence
Contact No.
Student Email Address
Organization Name
Organization Address
: chandpur Gandhi nagar (Bhopal)
: chandpur Gandhi nagar (Bhopal)
: 7898224959
: schouksey726@gmail.com
: cybercops private limited
: C-25, First Floor, indrapuri, Bhopal
(M.P.)

Organization contact No. : 0755 409 3399

Organization website : : www.cybercopsinfosolution.com
Name of instructor : Mr.Ranjeet kumar
Area of internship : web Designing
Internship duration :5 jan.2016
Completion Date :19 feb.2016

Number of internship days : 45 days

INTERNSHIP SCHEDULE
S.NO. CONTENT
`FIRST WEEK Introduction to HTML
SECOND WEEK HTML paragraph tag<p>, Horizontal
rule tag<hr>
Comments and Marquee tag
THIRD WEEK HTML styling tag, HTML CSS HTML
Text formatting, HTML Links ,HTML
Table

FOURTH WEEK HTML List, HTML Form

HTML Div Tag
HTML Image Tag

FEFTH WEEK Introduction to PHP

PHP Variables
Decision making
Echo

SIXTH WEEK Cookies, Session

GET & POST Method
Introduction to My SQL
SEVENTH My SQL Table, Insert Query
WEEK Delete Query

About the Organization

 COMPANY PROFILE

Our Vision

To be a leading Information Technology Solutions and Training provider in the region

by deploying emerging and advanced technologies through our most valuable assets -
our people, with continuous commitment to quality and total customer satisfaction,
while contributing towards the organizational as well as societal goals and enhancing
shareholder value.

About Cybercops

Cybercops Info Solution is a team of dedicated professionals who always strive to

make sure that students and professionals coming for the training get the best of the
facilities while they are training in Cybercops Info Solution.

Network Consultancy projects help the students working in live projects and helps us
in getting our students placed in different companies.

Cybercops Info Solution offers a wide range of Networking Courses and Trainings
from top Computer Programming and Networking companies such as Oracle, Cisco
Systems, Microsoft, Linux, CheckPoint, etc to help students and Professionals to
develop a deep understanding into the workings of software development and
Internetworks and also helping them successfully passing Networking industry's
leading Certifications like OCJP,PHP Certification, .net Certification, CCIE, CCNP,
CCNA,CSPFA, CCSP, MCITP, MCSE, RHCE, RHCSS,CEH,CISA,CISSP and many
more.
At Cybercops Info Solution the students are very well guided and recommended for the
best program for their successful career growth.

Company Website: www.cybercopsinfosolution.com

Company address: C-25, First Floor, indrapuri, Bhopal (M.P.)

Area of internship
WEB SITE
A Web site is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a
beginning file called a home page. A company or an individual tells you how to get to
their Web site by giving you the address of their home page. From the home page,
you can get to all the other pages on their site. For example, the Web site for IBM has
the home page address of http://www.ibm.com. (The home page address actually
includes a specific file name like index.html but, as in IBM's case, when a standard
default name is set up, users don't have to enter the file name.) IBM's home page
address leads to thousands of pages. (But a Web site can also be just a few pages.)

TWO TYPES OF WEBSITES-

1.Static website
A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the format that is
sent to a client web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML); Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to control appearance beyond basic
HTML. Images are commonly used to effect the desired appearance and as part of the
main content. Audio or video might also be considered "static" content if it plays
automatically or is generally non-interactive.

2.Dynamic website
A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently and
automatically. Server-side dynamic pages are generated "on the fly" by computer
code that produces the HTML (CSS are responsible for appearance and thus, are static
files). There are a wide range of software systems, such as CGI, Java Servest and Java
Server Pages (JSP), Active Server Pages and ColdFusion (CFML) that are available to
generate dynamic web systems and dynamic sites. Various web application
frameworks and web template systems are available for general-use programming
languages like Perl, PHP, Python and Ruby to make it faster and easier to create
complex dynamic web sites.

INTRODUCTION OF HTML
Building Static Sites through HTML

HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites

can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. It is relatively easy
to learn; and quite powerful in what it allows you to create. It is constantly
undergoing revision and evolution to meet the demands and requirements of the
growing Internet audience under the direction of the » W3C, the organization
charged with designing and maintaining the language.

The definition of HTML is Hyper Text Markup Language.

Hypertext is the method by which you move around on the web — by clicking on
special text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page. The fact that it is
hyper just means it is not linear — i.e. you can go to any place on the Internet
whenever you want by clicking on links — there is no set order to do things in.
Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a
certain type of text (italicized text, for example).
HTML is a Language, as it has code-words and syntax like any other
language.

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

° HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

° HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
° A markup language is a set of markup tags
° HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

What are HTML Tags?

The tags are what separate normal text from HTML code. You might know
them as the words between the <angle-brackets>. They allow all the cool stuff like
images and tables and stuff, just by telling your browser what to render on the page.
Different tags will perform different functions. The tags themselves don’t appear
when you view your page through a browser, but their effects do. The simplest tags
do nothing more than apply formatting to some text, like this:

<b>these words will be bold</b>, and these will not.

INTRODUCTION OF PHP
PHP - What is it?
Taken directly from PHP's home, PHP.net, "PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting
language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of
unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web
developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly." This is generally a good
definition of PHP. However, it does contain a lot of terms you may not be used to.
Another way to think of PHP is a powerful, behind the scenes scripting language that
your visitors won't see!
• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language

• PHP scripts are executed on the server

• PHP is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code

• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser as plain HTML

• PHP files have extension ".php"

Why PHP?
• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

• PHP supports a wide range of databases

• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

PHP - What's it do?

It is also helpful to think of PHP in terms of what it can do for you. PHP will allow
you to:
• Reduce the time to create large websites.
• Create a customized user experience for visitors based on information that
you have gathered from them.
• Open up thousands of possibilities for online tools. Check out PHP -
HotScripts for examples of the great things that are possible with PHP
 • Allow creation of shopping carts for e-commerce websites.

PHP – Syntax
Before we talk about PHP's syntax, let us first define what syntax is referring to.

Syntax - The rules that must be followed to write properly structured code.

PHP's syntax and semantics are similar to most other programming

languages (C, Java, Perl) with the addition that all PHP code is contained with a
tag, of sorts. All PHP code must be contained within the following...

INTRODUTION OF MY SQL
My SQL is currently the most popular open source database server in
existence. On top of that, it is very commonly used in conjunction with PHP scripts to
create powerful and dynamic server-side applications.

What is a database?

A database is a structure that comes in two flavors: a flat database

and a relational database. A relational database is much more oriented to the human
mind and is often preferred over the gabble-de-gook flat database that are just stored
on hard drives like a text file. My SQL is a relational database.

Why use a Database?

Databases are most useful when it comes to storing information that fits
into logical categories. For example, say that you wanted to store information of all
the employees in a company. With a database you can group different parts of your
business into separate tables to help store your information logically.

My SQL connect
 Before you can do anything with My SQL in PHP you must first establish a
connection to your web host's My SQL database. This is done with the My SQL
connect function.

mysql_connect()

Syntax

mysql_connect("server", "user", "password")

 INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES
HTML
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

-HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>

-HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
-The first tag in a pair is the start tag,the second tag is the end tag
-Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

Getting Started with HTML

What you need?

HTML is written simply in a plain text editor like Notepad. Advanced

developers also use softwares like Frontpage, Expression Web & Dreamweaver. But
we will be using advanced text editor Notepad++. How to Save HTML Web Page.
HTM or HTML Extension ?When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm
or the .html extension. We use .htm in our examples.

With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html

Understand the HTML Web Page Structure.

<html>
<body>Hello,
How are you.

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content

This is the common structure of all the HTML Web Pages. Always you have
to Start the HTML Page with opening HTML and Body Tags <html> and <body> and
 after putting all the content you need in the Web Page, You need to close the opened
tags by </body> and </html>, in the order they were opened.

HTML Elements.
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag.
Illustration
<p>This is Some Content.</p>

Illustration Explained
Here everything for start paragraph tag to end tag is the HTML Element. The
content between the tags “This is Some Content.” is known as the element content.

HTML Element Syntax

• An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag.
• An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag.
• The element content is everything between the start and the end tag.
• Some HTML elements have empty content.
• Empty elements are closed in the start tag.
• Most HTML elements can have attributes.

HTML Basic Tags Explained. Heading Tags

There are six levels of headings in HTML specified by <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, <H4>, <H5>
and <H6>tags. <h1> defines the largest heading and <h6> defines the smallest heading.

Paragraph Tag Illustration Explained

 HTML Paragraph element are defined with the <p> tags. Always remember
to close the paragraph tag when a particular paragraph is written completely.

Illustration

<html>

<body>

<a href="http://www.cybercopsinfosolution.com">Cybercops Info Solution Home

Page.</a>

</body></html>

Illustration Output

Cybercops Info Solution Home Page.

Some other Useful Tags.

We will now discuss some other useful tags like HTML Rules, HTML Comments, Line
Breaks etc.

Drawing HTML Rules

<HR> (Horizontal Rule) is a stand alone tag that generates a horizontal line. There is
no corresponding HTML command for a vertical line.

Illustration
<html>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading.</h1>

<hr>

<h2>My Second Heading.</h2>

</body>
</html>

Illustration Output.

Rules Tag Illustration Explained

The <hr> Tag generates a horizontal line between the 2 Headings.

HTML Comments
All combinations of text placed within the comment tags will be ignored by the web
browser, this includes any HTML tags, scripting language(s), etc. Comment tags <!--
and --> are used to insert comments in HTML.
Example
<!-- Write your comments here -->
Line Breaks

To break the line and move to the next line. Use the <br> tag.

Marquee
An HTML marquee is a scrolling piece of text displayed either horizontally across or
vertically down your webpage depending on the settings. This is created by using
HTML <marquees> tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML marquee Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<marquee>This is basic example of marquee</marquee>
<marquee direction="up">The direction of text will be from bottom to
top.</marquee>
</body>
</html>

HTML Styling Tags

You may want to change the way the generated HTML output
looks. The best way to do that is with a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), which
modern browsers support. Font family, type size, colors, and other styles can be
controlled with CSS for each kind of element.

Connect CSS to a Webpage

Insert the link of CSS Files into the HTML file. The link is to be put in the <HEAD>
element.

Illustration

<link rel="stylesheet" href="stylesheet.css" type="text/css">

Illustration Explained
The above tag, links the CSS file named “stylesheet.css” to the
current Web page.

Styling HTML with CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

Styling can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways:

• Inline - using a style attribute in HTML elements

• Internal - using a <style> element in the HTML <head> section

• External - using one or more external CSS files

CSS Syntax
element {  property:value; property:value }

Inline Styling (Inline CSS)

Inline styling is useful for applying a unique style to a single HTML element:

Inline styling uses the style attribute.

This inline styling changes the text color of a single heading:

Example
<h1 style="color:blue">This is a Blue Heading</h1>

Internal Styling (Internal CSS)

An internal style sheet can be used to define a common style for all HTML elements
on a page.

Internal styling is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, using

a <style> element:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {background-color:lightgrey}
h1   {color:blue}
p    {color:green}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

External Styling (External CSS)

External style sheet are ideal when the style is applied to many pages.

With external style sheets, you can change the look of an entire web site by changing
one file.
External styles are defined in an external CSS file, and then linked to in
the <head> section of an HTML page:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Text Formatting

HTML also defines special elements, for defining text with a

special meaning.

HTML uses elements like <b> and <i> for formatting output,
like bold or italic text.

Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:

• Bold text

• Important text

• Italic text

• Emphasized text

• Marked text

• Small text

• Deleted text

• Inserted text

• Subscripts
 • Superscripts

HTML Links

HTML links are useful to interconnected the HTML pages.Links are found in
nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.
HTML links are hyperlinks.
A hyperlink is a text or an image you can click on, and jump to another document.
In HTML, links are defined with the <a> tag:
Syntax
<a href="url">link text</a>
Example
<a href="http://cybercopsinfosolutions">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
HTML Table Tags

The <table> tag defines an HTML table. A simple HTML table consists of
the table element and one or more tr, th, and td elements. The tr element defines a
table row, the th element defines a table header, and the td element defines a table
cell.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<table border="1" style="width:100%">

<tr>
<td>Jill</td>

<td>Smith</td>

<td>50</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Eve</td>

<td>Jackson</td>

<td>94</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>John</td>

<td>Doe</td>

<td>80</td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Illustration Output.

HTML List Tags

Words or phrases which need to be set apart from the rest of the body of text can be
emphasized with a “bullet”.
List Tag

<LI>: creates a bullet in front of text which is to be set apart for emphasis and causes
all text after it to be indented, either until another list tag is detected or until the end
of the list is reached. It is used to itemize elements of “unordered” and “ordered”
lists.

Unordered List

An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically
small black circles).

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

Illustration

<html>

<body>

<ul><li>January</li>

<li>February</li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

Illustration Output

Unordered List Illustration Explained

January & February are put in Bullet as they are inside an <ul> unordered
list tags.

Ordered List

An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers. An
ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
Illustration

<html>

<body>

<ol><li>January</li>

<li>February</li>
</ol>

</body>
</html>

Illustration Output

Designing HTML Forms

A form is an area that can contain form elements. Form elements are elements that
allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus,
radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form. A form is defined with the <form> tag.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<form action="action_page.php">

First name:<br>

<input type="text" name="firstname" value="Mickey">

<br>

Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname" value="Mouse">

<br><br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

<p>If you click the "Submit" button, the form-data will be sent to a page called
"action_page.php".</p>

</body>

</html>

Illustration Output

Textfield

Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

Raadio Button

Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of
choices.
Checkbox

Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a
limited number of choices.

Block-level Elements
A block-level element always starts on a new line and takes up the full width available
(stretches out to the left and right as far as it can).
Examples of block-level elements:

• <div>

• <h1> - <h6>

• <p>

• <form>

Inline Elements
An inline element does not start on a new line and only takes up as much width as
necessary.

This is an inline <span> element inside a paragraph.

What are <div> Tags

The <div> tag in XHTML is a tag that defines logical divisions within the
content of a page. What this means is that a <div> tag defines sections of a Web page
to make it easier to manage, style, and manipulate.

<div id=”first”>Hello There</div>

Example
<div class="outer-div">
  This div tag
    <div class="inner-div">
       contains this div tag.
    </div>
</div>

Illustration Output

<div> Tag Illustration Explained

We can then give any design or position to the easily to the <div> using the CSS.

HTML Images

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.

The src attribute specifies the URL (web address) of the image:

<img src="url" alt="some text">

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot
be displayed.

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some
reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if
the user uses a screen reader).

<img src="image.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">
PHP Code

<?php

?>

or the shorthand PHP tag that requires shorthand support to be enabled

on your server...

<?

How to Save PHP Pages?

If you have PHP inserted into your HTML and want the web browser to interpret it
correctly, then you must save the file with a .php extension, instead of the standard
.html extension. So be sure to check that you are saving your files correctly.

PHP Code

<html>

<head>

<title>My First PHP Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Hello World!"; ?>

</body>

</html>Display

Hello World!

White Space
As with HTML, whitespace is ignored between PHP statements. This means it is
OK to have one line of PHP code, then 20 lines of blank space before the next line
of PHP code. You can also press tab to indent your code .

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor.)

PHP Code
<html>

<head>

<title>My First PHP Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Hello World!";

echo "Hello World!"; ?>

</body>

</html>

Display

Hello World! Hello World!

PHP Variables

A variable is a means of storing a value, such as text string "Hello

World!" or the integer value 4. A variable can then be reused throughout your
code, instead of having to type out the actual value over and over again.
In PHP you define a variable with the following form:
• $variable_name = Value;

If you forget that dollar sign at the beginning, it will not work. This is a common
mistake for new PHP programmers!
PHP Variable Naming Conventions
There are a few rules that you need to follow when choosing a name for your PHP
variables.
- PHP variables must start with a letter or underscore "_".
- PHP variables may only be comprised of alpha-numeric characters and
underscores. a-z, A-Z, 0-9, or
- Variables with more than one word should be separated with underscores.
$my_variable
- Variables with more than one word can also be distinguished with capitalization.
$myVariable

PHP –Decision Making

Decision making statement in PHP are used to take some decision the
PHP script.
Sometime it is required to perform some task based on condition at that time
decision making statements are used.

Decision making statements allow you to control execution of certain part of the
code based on the outcome of the condition at run time.

PHP supports following decision making statements:

• Simple If Statement
• If…else Statement
• Nested If statement
• If…elseif Ladder
• Switch…Case Statement

• if...else statement − use this statement if you want to execute a set of code
when a condition is true and another if the condition is not true

• elseif statement − is used with the if...else statement to execute a set of code
if one of the several condition is true
 • switch statement − is used if you want to select one of many blocks of code to
be executed, use the Switch statement. The switch statement is used to avoid
long blocks of if..elseif..else code.

PHP Echo

As you saw in the previous lesson, the PHP function echo is a means of outputting text
to the web browser. Throughout your PHP career you will be using the echo function
more than any other. So let's give it a solid perusal!

Outputting a String

To output a string, like we have done in previous lessons, use the PHP echo function.
You can place either a string variable or you can use quotes, like we do below, to
create a string that the echo function will output.

PHP Code

<?php

$my String = "Hello!";

echo $my String;

echo "<h5>I love using PHP!</h5>";

?>

Display

Hello!

I love using PHP!

Careful When Echoing Quotes!

It is pretty cool that you can output HTML with PHP. However, you must be careful
when using HTML code or any other string that includes quotes! The echo function
uses quotes to define the beginning and end of the string, so you must use one of the
following tactics if your string contains quotations:

Don't use quotes inside your string

Escape your quotes that are within the string with a slash. To escape a quote just
place a slash directly before the quotation mark, i.e. \"

Use single quotes (apostrophes) for quotes inside your string.

See our example below for the right and wrong use of the echo function:

PHP Code

<?php

// This won't work because of the quotes around specialH5!

echo "<h5 class="specialH5">I love using PHP!</h5>";

// OK because we escaped the quotes!

Echo "<h5 class=\"specialH5\">I love using PHP!</h5>";

// OK because we used an apostrophe '

Echo "<h5 class='specialH5'>I love using PHP!</h5>";

?>
PHP Strings

In the last lesson, PHP Echo, we used strings a bit, but didn't talk about them in depth.
Throughout your PHP career you will be using strings a great deal, so it is important to
have a basic understanding of PHP strings.

Illustration

<?php

$variable = "name";

$literally = 'My $variable will not print!\\n';

print($literally);

print "<br />";

$literally = "My $variable will print!\\n";

print($literally);

?>

Illustration Output

PHP - String Creation

Before you can use a string you have to create it! A string can be used directly in a
function or it can be stored in a variable.

Cookies
PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies. Cookies are a mechanism for storing data
in the remote browser and thus tracking or identifying return users. You can set
cookies using the setcookie() or setrawcookie() function.

Cookies are text files stored on the client computer and they are kept of use tracking
purpose. PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies.

There are three steps involved in identifying returning users −

• Server script sends a set of cookies to the browser. For example name, age, or
identification number etc.

• Browser stores this information on local machine for future use.

• When next time browser sends any request to web server then it sends those
cookies information to the server and server uses that information to identify
the user.

Setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,security);

Here is the detail of all the arguments −

• Name −This sets the name of the cookie and is stored in an environment

variable called HTTP_COOKIE_VARS. This variable is used while accessing
cookies.

• Value −This sets the value of the named variable and is the content that you
actually want to store.

• Expiry −This specify a future time in seconds since 00:00:00 GMT on 1st Jan
1970. After this time cookie will become inaccessible. If this parameter is not
set then cookie will automatically expire when the Web Browser is closed.
 • Path −This specifies the directories for which the cookie is valid. A single
forward slash character permits the cookie to be valid for all directories.

• Domain −This can be used to specify the domain name in very large domains
and must contain at least two periods to be valid. All cookies are only valid for
the host and domain which created them.

• Security − This can be set to 1 to specify that the cookie should only be sent by
secure transmission using HTTPS otherwise set to 0 which mean cookie can be
sent by regular HTTP.

PHP- Sessions

An alternative way to make data accessible across the various pages of an entire
website is to use a PHP Session.

A session creates a file in a temporary directory on the server where registered

session variables and their values are stored. This data will be available to all
pages on the site during that visit.

Starting a PHP Sessions

A PHP session is easily started by making a call to the session_start() function.

This function first checks if a session is already started and if none is started then it
starts one. It is recommended to put the call to session_start() at the beginning of the
page.

<?php
session_start();

if(isset( $_SESSION['counter']))
{
$_SESSION['counter']+=1;
}
else
{
$_SESSION['counter']=1;
}
$msg="You have visited this page ". $_SESSION['counter'];
$msg.="in this session.";
?>
<html>

<head>
<title>Setting up a PHP session</title>
</head>

<body>
<?php echo ( $msg);?>
</body>

</html>
Output

You have visited this page 1in this session.

PHP - GET & POST Methods

While dealing with the forms, information can be submitted and transferred to same

or another page. To send submitted data through form, one can use GET & POST

method to do that in PHP.

A form data can be submitted using these two methods. Both are used for same

purpose but stands apart under some specifications. As in GET method key values are

passed in the Url while in POST, the information transfers in a hidden manner.

GET Method

As explained above, before sending any information , it converts values/data  into a

query string in URL known as Url Encoding. Which contains both page link

and encoded information separated by the ? character.

<?php
if( $_GET["name"]|| $_GET["age"])
{
echo"Welcome ". $_GET['name']."<br />";
echo"You are ". $_GET['age']." years old.";

exit();
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="<?php$_PHP_SELF?>" method="GET">
Name: <inputtype="text"name="name"/>
Age: <inputtype="text"name="age"/>
<inputtype="submit"/>
</form>

</body>
</html>
Output

Name:  Age:  

POST Method

As explained above, before sending information to server, it converts

client’s information into a query string in URL.

<?php
if( $_POST["name"]|| $_POST["age"])
{
if(preg_match("/[^A-Za-z'-]/",$_POST['name']))
{
die("invalid name and name should be alpha");
}
echo"Welcome ". $_POST['name']."<br/>";
echo"You are ". $_POST['age']." years old.";

exit();
}
?>
<html>
<body>

<form action="<?php$_PHP_SELF?>" method="POST">

Name: <inputtype="text"name="name"/>
Age: <inputtype="text"name="age"/>
<inputtype="submit"/>
</form>

</body>
</html>
Output

Name:  Age:  

PHP & MySQL Code:

<?php

mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "1admin") or die(mysql_error());

echo "Connected to MySQL<br />";

?>

Display:

Connected to MySQL

Choosing the working Database

After establishing a MySQL connection with the code above, you then need
to choose which database you will be using with this connection. This is done with the
mysql_select_db function.
MySQL Tables

A MySQL table is completely different than the normal table that you eat dinner on. In
MySQL and other database systems, the goal is to store information in an orderly
fashion.

PHP & MySQL Code:

<?php

// Make a MySQL Connection

mysql_connect("localhost", "admin", "1admin") or die(mysql_error());

mysql_select_db("test") or die(mysql_error());

// Insert a row of information into the table "example"

mysql_query("INSERT INTO example

(name, age) VALUES('Timmy Mellowman', '23' ) ")

or die(mysql_error());

mysql_query("INSERT INTO example

(name, age) VALUES('Sandy Smith', '21' ) ")

or die(mysql_error());

mysql_query("INSERT INTO example

(name, age) VALUES('Bobby Wallace', '15' ) ")

or die(mysql_error());

echo "Data Inserted!";?>

Display:

Data Inserted!

Mysql_fetch_array: why use it?

Do you know what is returned when you used the mysql_query function to query
a MySQL database? It isn't something you can directly manipulate, that is for sure.
Here is a sample SELECT query of a table we created in the MySQL Create Table
lesson.
PHP and My SQL Code:

<?php

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM example");

?>

The value that mysql_query returns and stores into $result is a special
type of data; it is a My SQL Resource. Additional PHP functions are required to extract
the data from this Resource.

MYSQL
MySQL Delete

Maintenance is a very common task that is necessary for keeping

MySQL tables current. From time to time, you may even need to delete items from
your database. Some potential reasons for deleting a record from MySQL include
when: someone deletes a post from a forum, an employee leaves a company, or
you're trying to destroy your records before the federalies come!

MySQL delete example

The DELETE query is very similar to the UPDATE Query in the

previous lesson. We need to choose a table, tell MySQL to perform the deletion, and
provide the requirements that a record must have for it to be deleted.

PHP & MySQL Code:

<?php

// Connect to My SQL

// Delete Bobby from the "example" My SQL table

mysql_query("DELETE FROM example WHERE age='15'")

or die(mysql_error());

?>

It is important to note that this query would have deleted ALL records
that had an age of 15. Since Bobby was the only 15 year old this was not a problem.

MySQL Delete Tips

Before performing a large delete on a database, be sure to back up the

table/database in case your script takes off a little more than desired. Test your delete
queries before even thinking about using them on your table. As long as you take
caution when using this powerful query you should not run into any problems.

1.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP
FIRST PAGE
SECOND PAGE

THIRD PAGE
FOURTH PAGE
FIFTH PAGE
SIXTH PAGE
 CONCLUSION

Web technology has been growing day by day so as networking. The

scope in website development has been increasing more in IT field.
Today almost every organization is using website and some through
many networking problem. Website development is a challenging task
for me but working under guidance of my instructor Mr.Ranjeet kumar
sir made me work at easy. Working under his guidance have made
confident over my subject (website designing) and made me capable
of solving basic programming problems. After all these experiences
which I got my angel software, I am looking forward to continue my
career in the field of website development.
 Bibliography
1) .C Xaviers “HTML ”,Tata
McGraw-Hill Education, 01-
Apr-2000 –
2) 2)Black book , …
publication, year,place
3)

References
1. 1.

2. www.w3schools.com/html/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP
4. http://web-source.net/html_codes_chart.htm#italic
5. http://www.quackit.com/html/codes/

6. http://www.2createawebsites.com/create-a-website-
html.php