Jose Rizal University

Jefferson R. San Jose

ITC28 – 205i

MWF(5:30 – 7:30) H301

Real Time Operating Systems
Obviously, these are used for real time applications like industrial machines, robotic arms,
manufacturing, laboratory instruments. They are only used by the operators so they have a limited
user interface. The significant component of a real time operating system is to perform the same
function in the same time repetitively. So managing the resources is the important task of a real time
operating system.

Communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to COMSAT) is an artificial satellite stationed

in space for the purpose of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of
orbits including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, other elliptical orbits and low (polar and non-
polar) Earth orbits. For fixed (poin to point) services, communications satellites provide a
microwave radio relay technology complementary to that of submarine communication tables. They
are also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand-
held terminals, and for TV and radio broadcasting, for which application of other technologies, such
as cable, is impractical or impossible.

Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture,
application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics, mecahanics, and software.
The word "robot" was introduced to the public, published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined
by Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar"

Nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions,
either fission or a combination of fission and fussion. Both reactions release vast quantities of
energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission ("atomic") bomb test released the
same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT. The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen")
bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10,000,000 tons of TNT.

Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that encompasses several types of control system
used in industrial production, including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems,
ditributed control system(DCS), and other smaller control system configurations such as skid-
mounted prorammable logic Circuit(PLC) often found in the industrial sectors and critical
infrastructures.

ICSs are typically used in industries such as electrical, water, oil, gas and data. Based on
information received from remote stations, automated or operator-driven supervisory commands
can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices. Field
devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data
from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions.

X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation X-rays have a

wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers corresponding to frequencies in the range 30
petahertzto 30 exahertz(3 × 1016 Hz to 3 × 1019 Hz) and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV.
They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gammarays. In many languages, X-
radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, who is generally credited as
its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct
spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s).XRAY is
used as the phonetic pronounciation for the letter x.
OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows 7 - is the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating system produced by
Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business destops,laptops, netbooks,
tablets PC's, and media center PCs. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,
and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009,less than three years after the release of
its predecessor, Windows Vista Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was
released at the same time.

MS-DOS
Short for Microsoft Disk operating system, MS-DOS is a non-graphical command line operating
system created for IBM compatible computers that was first introduced by Microsoft in August
1981 and was last updated in 1994 when MS-DOS 6.22 was released. Although the MS-DOS
operating system is not commonly used today, the command shell used through Microsoft Windows
is.
An operating system is the software component of a computer system, which is responsible for the
management of a wide variety of computer operations as also the sharing of computer resources. It
hosts computer applications and handles the operations of computer hardware. Users and
application programs access the operating system services through system calls and application
programming interfaces. In short, an operating system acts as an interface between the application
programs and the computer hardware. Desktop computers, PDAs, laptop computers, notebook
computers and even many of the mobile phones of today, are equipped with some kind of operating
system.

Mac OS 9 is the latest public release of the Apple operating system, which includes new and unique
features not found in any other operating system. Below are some of the new features found with
this new operating system.

Sun Solaris Unix variant

Sun Solaris also known as SunOS or Sun is the name of the Sun company's Unix variant operating
system that was originally installed on SPARC computers. It is sold together with the OPENLOOK
user interface OpenWindows. This bundle is known as Solaris. SunOS 4.1.x (as part of Solaris 1.x)
is a BSD Unix system, and supports multiprocessing, but not yet multithreading. Further
development of Solaris 1 was discontinued at the end of 1998. In parallel to Solaris 1.x, Sun has
launched a Version 2.x on the market. This is an implementation of System V. Beginning with
Version 2.2 it also supports multithreading, that is to say, the distribution of threads among various
processors. The allocation of the processors is done automatically, so that the user does not have to
be involved. From Solaris Version 2.5 onward, 64-bit processors and the use of Ultra-Creator
graphics for 2-D and 3-D applications are supported.

Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with small caps) is a
computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T. Today's Unix
systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various
commercial vendors and non-profit organizations.
The Open Group, an industry standards consortium, owns the “Unix” trademark. Only systems fully
compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the
trademark; others might be called "Unix system-like" or "Unix-like" (though the Open Group
disapproves of this term). However, the term "Unix" is often used informally to denote any
operating system that closely resembles the trademarked system.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large-scale
adoption of Unix (particularly of the BSD variant, originating from the University of California,
Berkeley) by commercial startups, the most notable of which are Solaris, HP-UX and AIX. Today,
in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix-like operating systems
such as Linux and BSD descendants (FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD) are commonly
encountered. The term "traditional Unix" may be used to describe a Unix or an operating system
that has the characteristics of either Versioo 7 Unix or UNIX System V.

Windows 98 (codemaned Memphis) is a graphical operating system by Microsoft. It is the second

major release in the Winjdows 9x line of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on 15
May 1998 and to retail on 25 June 1998. Windows 98 is the successor to Windows 95. Like its
predecessor, it is a hybrid 16bit/32bit monolithic product with and MS DOS based boot loader.
Windows 98 was succeeded by Windows 98 Second Edition on 5 May 1999, then by Windows ME
(Millennium Edition) on 14 September 2000. Microsoft support for Windows 98 ended on 11 July
2006.