International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-1, Issue-9, Special Issue Oct.

-2015

PEDAGOGICAL MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING

FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: AN ANALYSIS
MUHAMMAD TAHIR

PhD Research Scholar, Faculty of Islamic Studies,

International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Visiting Scholar, Griffith University Brisbane, Australia
E-mail: tahir.phdhis142@iiu.edu.pk

Abstract- The main focus of this paper is to examine the motivational techniques of teaching used by the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him). Motivation plays a key role during teaching and learning processes. Effective teaching
entirely depends on positive attitude, persistent attention and progressive motivation of teachers and students simultaneously.
Today, teachers are practicing various modern motivational techniques during delivering knowledge to students in all
sciences. This paper highlights the practical and innovative aspects of motivational techniques from the teachings of the
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This paper is articulated by an analytical view of the authentic traditions of the
Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding the issue. In the end, findings are summarized to give conclusion to the paper.

Keywords- Motivational, Techniques, Teaching, Islam.

I. INTRODUCTION him). The scholars of hadith stated, “Sunnah is all

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a
great teacher of mankind and has provided guidance
for all spheres of life. Allah Almighty says in the
Holy Quran: “There has certainly been for you in the
Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone
whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and (who)
remembers Allah often.”1 He was also a facilitating2
and well-wisher teacher.3 The Prophetic teaching
strategies are everlasting dynamic guidance sources
for all teachers of the world.4 The personality of the
teacher of universe (Muhammad peace be upon him)
is a complete university that includes all fields of
life.5 In fact, he is a real and best model for teachers
and teachings methods. All activities of human
whether positive or negative need some kind of
motivation. As for as teaching concerns, motivation
plays vital role during conveying knowledge by
developing interest, increasing attention and creating
curiosity among students for the subject matter.
Motivation also has psychological impacts on
learning activities of students. It is essential in
teaching, because when a teacher teaches his students
by motivating them, they would be able to get
assistances from him.6 Motive has great importance
in learning, for the reason that if there is some motive
for specific thing with suitable environment, then
individual tries to get the goal by learning the right
ways and means.7 As motivation is the set of
requirements and desires that lead an animal
(including a human) to behave in a particular way at a
particular time and place.8
This study focuses on the Sunnah of the Prophet
(peace be upon him) and carried out by using
authentic traditions from Islamic discourse. The
Sunnah, literally means a way, mode, manner of
acting or conduct of life, 9 gives extensive vision of
teaching strategies used by the Prophet (peace be on
Pedagogical Motivational Techniques Of Teaching From Islamic Perspective: An Analysis
that has been related from the Prophet (peace be on
him) from his speech, actions, approvals, physical or
moral attributes, or biography, regardless of whether
any of above is from the period before the first
revelation or after it.”10 The term motivation refers to
goal oriented behavior in psychology. The word
teaching is used for what is taught, as a body of
knowledge, and as the ways of making something
known to others.11
II. ISLAMIC VIEWPOINT ON
MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES OF
TEACHING
The Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him) has
provided a extensive concept of motivational
techniques of teaching. The life of the Prophet (peace
be upon him) is full of best practical techniques of
teaching for teachers whether they are Muslims or
Non-Muslims. This is a smart attempt in order to
open the window for researcher of education, to have
an emphasis, to explore educational strategies and
techniques from the Sunnah perspective. Following
are the motivational techniques of teaching used by
the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to teach
his students (Companions):
1. Motivation through Welcoming
The Prophet (peace be upon him) has received the
individuals cordially, who came to learn the
knowledge of Islam. He (peace be upon him) also
ordered his Companions to receive the seekers of
knowledge affectionately and warmly. Following
traditions demonstrates it:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: “When the delegation of 'Abdul
Qais came to the Prophet, he said, "welcome, O the
delegation who have come! Neither will you have
disgrace, nor will you regret." They said, "O Allah's
Apostle! We are a group from the tribe of Ar-Rabi'a,

213
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926
and between you and us there is the tribe of Mudar
and we cannot come to you except in the sacred
months. So please order us to do something good
(religious deeds) so that we may enter Paradise by
doing that, and also that we may order our people
who are behind us to follow it." He said, "Four and
four:" offer prayers perfectly, pay the Zakat,
(obligatory charity), fast the month of Ramadan, and
give one-fifth of the war booty (in Allah's cause), and
do not drink in (containers called) Ad-Duba,' Al-
Hantam, An-Naqir and Al-Muzaffat" (These were the
names of pots in which alcoholic drinks were
prepared).”12
The Prophet (peace be upon him) welcomed the tribe
of Abdul Qais, when they came to learn religion. He
(peace be upon him) greeted them warmly and
praised them.
Abu Saeed Al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger of
Allah (peace be upon him) said: “People will come to
you seeking knowledge. When you see them, say to
them, ‘welcome, welcome, in obedience to the
injunctions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
him), and instruct them in knowledge.”13
In this tradition, the Prophet (peace be upon him)
ordered his Companions to say welcome to the
people, who came to them to seek knowledge.
2. Motivation through Appreciation
Appreciation is an important motivational tool for
teaching. It is not only helpful for eagerness of
students but also useful for learning process. The
Prophet (peace be upon him) has used this technique
during teaching in the following way:
Narrated Abu Hurairah: I said: “O Allah's Apostle!
Who will be the luckiest person, who will gain your
intercession on the Day of Resurrection?” Allah's
Apostle said: O Abu Hurairah! “I have thought that
none will ask me about it before you, as I know your
longing for the Ahadith. The luckiest person, who
will have my intercession on the Day of Resurrection,
will be the one who said sincerely from the bottom
of his heart “None has the right to be worshipped but
Allah.”14
In this hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him)
appreciated ‘Abu Hurairah by using the sentence: ‘I
know your longing for the Ahadith.’ Allama
Badruddin Al-‘Ainī writes: “In this (hadith), there is
teacher’s vision for the abilities of his student to
provoke him for knowledge.”15
3.Motivation through Curiosity
Curiosity, a state of arousal involving exploratory
behavior, leads to thinking and thinking culminates in
learning.16 Curiosity is a seeking and an exploration.17
It is an essential element of teaching and learning all
together. Mostly, curiosity drives intentions and
interests of teachers and students for exploration. The
Prophet (peace be upon him) has used this technique
very effectively among his students. Following
tradition highlights it:
Pedagogical Motivational Techniques Of Teaching From Islamic Perspective: An Analysis
214
Volume-1, Issue-9, Special Issue Oct.-2015
Al-Hassan narrated from Abu Hurairah that the
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Who
will take these statements from me, so that he may act
upon them, or teach one who will act upon them?” So
Abu Hurrairah said: I said: ‘I shall O Messenger of
Allah!’ So he took my hand and enumerated five
(things), he said: “Be one guard against the unlawful
and you shall be the most worshipping among the
people, be satisfied with what Allah has allotted for
you and you shall be the richest of the people, be kind
to your neighbor and you shall be a believer, love for
the people what you love for yourself and you shall
be a Muslim. And do not laugh too much, for indeed
increased laughter kills the heart.”18
In this tradition, the Prophet’s (peace be upon him)
used the sentence: ‘Who will take these statements
from me?’ in order to create curiosity among his
Companions (students). This tradition also describes
the importance of curiosity during teaching.
4.Motivation through Respect
Honor and respect plays a key role during teaching.
This technique develops firmness and stability in
understanding and actions among students. The
Prophet (peace be upon him) has respected his
student on his intelligence. Following hadith
describes it:
It was narrated that Ubayy b. Ka'b said: “The
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: ‘O
Abu' Al-Mundhir, Do you know the verse from the
Book of Allah that you have learned is greatest?’ I
said: ‘Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him)
know best. He said: ‘O Abu' Al-Mundhir, do you
know which verse from the Book of Allah that you
have learned is greatest?’ I said: ‘Allahu! la ilaha illa
Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He),
Al-Hayyul-Qayyum (the Ever Living, the One Who
sustains and protects all that exists…).’ He struck me
on my chest and said: I congratulate you on your
knowledge, O Abu' Al-Mundhir.”19
This tradition shows that the Prophet (peace be upon
him) honored Ubayy bin Ka'b by saying ‘I
congratulate you on your knowledge.’ This sentence
also has a psychological impact on esteem of the
individual.
5.Motivation through Questioning
Questions during teaching play vital role to divert
attention of students towards teachers. A common
technique used by the Prophet (peace be upon him)
was, to ask question to people, so as to make them
think and produce information themselves.20 The
Prophet (peace be upon him) used different questions
to encourage and motivate his Companions towards
knowledge and learning. Following Ahadith explain
this reality:
Qais bin Sad bin Ubadah narrated, that his father
offered him to the Prophet (peace be upon him) to
serve him. He said: “So the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) passed by me, and I had just performed Salat, so
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926
he poked me with his foot and said: ‘Should I not
direct you to a gate from the gates of Paradise?’ I
said: ‘Of course.’ He said: ‘There is no might or
power except with Allah (La Hawla Wa La Quwwata
Illa Billah).’”21
According to the above tradition, the Prophet (peace
be upon him) inspired Qais bin Sad through question.
Firstly, the Prophet (peace be upon him) pushed him
with his foot for politeness and then asked him
question.
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah
(peace be upon him) said: “Do you know who the
bankrupt is? They said: “O Messenger of Allah! The
bankrupt among us is the one who has no dirham or
property. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
him) said: The bankrupt in my Ummah is the one
who comes with Salat and Fasting and Zakat on the
Day of Judgment, but he comes having abused this
one, falsely accusing that one, wrongfully consuming
the wealth of this one, and beating this one. So he is
seated, and this one is requited from his rewards. If
his rewards are exhausted before the sins that he
committed are requited, then some of their sins will
be taken and cast upon him, then he will be cast into
the fire.”22
This tradition shows that the Prophet (peace be upon
him) asked question about bankrupt person of his
Ummah. This question has made the Companions,
motivated to know about bankrupt person.
6.Motivation through Supplications
The Prophet (peace be upon him) has made
supplications (prayers) to motivate his students. In
these supplications, he (peace be upon him) mainly
focused on their knowledge and welfare. Following
traditions elaborate the motivation through prayers:
Narrated Ibn Abbas: Once the Prophet embraced me
and said, “O Allah, Bestow on him the knowledge of
the Book (the Qur'an).”23
The Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed for
Abdullah bin Abbas and said: “O Allah, Bestow on
him the knowledge of the Book (the Qur'an).” Allah
has accepted the prayer of his beloved Prophet (peace
be upon him) and Ibn Abbas has been given the
surname of ‘Interpreter of Qur’an.24
Anas reported that Umm Sulaim said (to the Holy
Prophet): “Allah's Messenger, here is
your servant Anas, invoke blessings of Allah upon
him. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: O Allah!
Make an increase in his wealth, and progeny, and
confer blessings upon him in everything Thou hast
bestowed upon him.”25
In this tradition, the Prophet (peace be upon him) has
made supplication for the social conditions and
everything else of his student Anas.
7.Motivation through Calling Names
To call a student by his name during lecture, is a best
technique that is used for motivation and active
learning of students all over the world. It was the
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215
Volume-1, Issue-9, Special Issue Oct.-2015
habit of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to call the
names and surnames of his students kindly and
lovingly during his speeches to get their attention and
to make them thoughtful. Sometimes, the Prophet
(peace be upon him) repeated the names more than
one time to get full attention of the students. It is the
best way to get the attention of the students; it creates
happiness in the hearts of the students.26 Following
Ahadith show the effective use of this technique by
the Prophet (peace be upon him):
Narrated ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Samura: Allah’s
Apostle said, “O ‘Abdur-Rahman! Do not seek to be
a ruler, for, if you are given the authority of ruling
without your asking for it, then Allah will help you;
but if you are given it by your asking, then you will
be held responsible for it. And if you take an oath to
do something and later on find another thing, better
than that, then do what is better and make expiation
for your oath.”27
In this tradition, the Prophet (peace be upon him) has
called Abdur-Rahman to make him attentive and
active.
Abu Dharr reported Allah's Messenger (peace be
upon him) commanded me thus "O Abu Dharr!
Whenever you prepare a broth, add water to it, and
have in your mind the members of the household of
your neighbors and then give them out of this with
courtesy.”28
In this tradition, the Prophet (peace be upon him) has
called Abu Dharr to make him attentive toward the
rights of neighbors, and commanded him to prepare
more broth by adding water in it, to serve the
neighbors.
Narrated Muadh: While I was a companion rider with
the Prophet he said, "O Mu'adh!" I replied, "labbaik
wa sa'daik." He repeated this call three times and
then said, "Do you know what Allah's Right on His
slaves is?" I replied, "No." He said, Allah's Right on
His slaves, is that they should worship Him (Alone)
and should not join partners in worship with Him."
He said, "O Mu'adh!" I replied, "labbaik wa sa'daik."
He said, "Do you know what the right of
(Allah's) salves on Allah is, if they do that (worship
Him Alone and join none in His worship)? It is that
He will not punish them.”29
In this tradition, the Prophet (peace be upon him)
called Mu'adh to get his full attention, so that, he can
acquire the complete information’s carefully. Then,
the Prophet (peace be upon him) make him aware
about the right of Allah on His slaves which is
worship and the right of slaves on Allah which is that
He will not punish them.
8.Motivation through Warning
Warning is also important for motivation. The
Prophet (peace be upon him) motivated men and
women by using warnings during his sermons. He
(peace be upon him) also allowed them to ask
questions to remove their conflicts without any anger
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926
for better understanding. Following tradition explains
it:
Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: “Once Allah's Apostle
went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) o 'Id-al-
Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women
and said, "O women! Give alms, as I have seen that
the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you
(women)." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's
Apostle?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are
ungrateful to your husbands. I have not seen anyone
more deficient in intelligence and religion than you.
A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some
of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What
is deficient in our intelligence and religion?" He said,
"Is not the evidence of two women equal to the
witness of one man?" They replied in the affirmative.
He said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence.
Isn't it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast
during her menses?" The women replied in the
affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her
religion.”30
This tradition shows that the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) passed by women and warned them from the
Fire of Hell. Then, he answered the questions of
women to their entire satisfaction.
9.Motivation through Stories
Stories excite individuals for careful listening with
whole devotion. The Prophet (peace be upon him) has
used the true stories of Prophets (peace be upon
them) and previous nations to educate his
Companions spiritually and morally. The sermons
helped to divert the attention of companions and the
stories played a role to create interest for wisdom.31
Dr. Muhammad Usman Najati writes: “This method
of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for
education and teaching was helpful for diverting the
attention of Companions and to memorize the
teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
quickly.”32 Following traditions explains the effective
use of stories by the Prophet (peace be upon him):
Narrated ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr: The Prophet said,
“Convey (my teachings) to the people even if it were
a single sentence, and tell others the stories of Bani
Israel (which have been taught to you), for it is not
sinful to do so.”33
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, “A man saw
a dog eating mud from (the severity of) thirst. So, that
man took a shoe (and filled it) with water and kept on
pouring the water for the dog till it quenched its
thirst. So Allah approved of his deed and made him to
enter Paradise.”34
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "There
was an Israeli man called Juraij, while he was
praying, his mother came and called him, but he did
not respond to her call. He said (to himself) whether
he should continue the prayer or reply to his mother.
She came to him the second time and called him and
said, "O Allah! Do not let him die until he sees the
faces of prostitutes." Juraij used to live in a
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Volume-1, Issue-9, Special Issue Oct.-2015
hermitage. A woman said that she would
entice Juraij, so she went to him and presented herself
(for an evil act) but he refused. She then went to a
shepherd and allowed him to commit an illegal sexual
intercourse with her and later she gave birth to a boy.
She alleged that the baby was from Juraij. The people
went to Juraij and broke down his hermitage, pulled
him out of it and abused him. He performed ablution
and offered the prayer, then he went to the male
(baby) and asked him; "O boy! Who is your father?"
The baby replied that his father was the shepherd.
The people said that they would build for him a
hermitage of gold but Juraij asked them to make it of
mud only.”35
The above traditions show the importance of stories
for motivation for good deeds.
10.Motivation through Repetition
Mostly repetition is used to increase the motivation of
listeners. The Prophet (peace be upon him) has used
this technique by repeating a word, a sentence or a
statement several times. Dr. Muhammad Usman
Najati writes: “Some special thoughts and ideas when
repeated, they linked to thoughts.”36
It was narrated from Mu'awiyah bin Jaydah al-
Qushayri: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be
upon him) say: ‘Woe to the one who speaks and tells
lies in order to make the people laugh; woe to
him, woe to him.”37
11.Motivation through Drawings
Diagrams are helpful to motivate students. Diagram is
effective tool to clear concepts. The Prophet (peace
be upon him) has used this technique effectively to
motivate his students. Following tradition explain it
clearly:
Narrated Ibn Masood: “The Apostle of Allah (peace
be upon him) drew a line for us, and then said: This is
the path of Allah. Then He drew lines to the right and
left of this line and said: These are paths on every
path there is a Satan (Devil) who is calling toward it,
and then recited (Al Anaam: 153).”38
This tradition shows that the Prophet (peace be upon
him) has drawn lines to express the right path of
Allah and the paths of devil (Satan).
Narrated 'Abdullah: “The Prophet drew a square and
then drew a line in the middle of it and let it extend
outside the square and then drew several small lines
attached to that central line, and said, "This is the
human being, and this, (the square) in his lease of
life, encircles him from all sides (or has encircled
him), and this (line), which is outside (the square), is
his hope, and these small lines are the calamities and
troubles (which may befall him), and if one misses
him, an-other will snap (i.e. overtake) him, and if the
other misses him, a third will snap him.”39
12.Motivation through Comparison
Comparisons of things during teaching play a key
role to motivate students and to improve them
International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN: 2394-7926 Volume-1, Issue-9, Special Issue Oct.-2015

logically. The Prophet (peace be upon him) has used

this technique to convey the teachings of Islam.
Following tradition demonstrates the use of this
technique for motivation:
Narrated Abu Musa: Allah's Apostle said, "The
example of a good companion (who sits with you) in
comparison with a bad one, is I like that of the musk
seller and the blacksmith's bellows (or furnace); from
the first you would either buy musk or enjoy its good
smell while the bellows would either burn your
clothes or your house, or you get a bad nasty smell
thereof.”40
This tradition explains that the Prophet (peace be
upon him) motivated his Companions by giving
comparison of a good and a bad companion with the
example of the musk seller and the blacksmith. Then,
he (peace be upon him) mentioned the benefits of a
good company and harms of a bad company.
CONCLUSION
The above discussion demonstrates that the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) has used
outstanding pedagogical motivational techniques to
teach his students. This humble attempt has explored
and uncovered twelve different pedagogical
motivational techniques for teaching such as
welcoming, appreciation, curiosity, respect,
questioning, supplications, calling names,
admonition, stories, repetition, drawings, and
comparison from the Sunnah that play an important
role during teaching and learning processes. These
techniques also promote positive psychological
impacts on the abilities of teachers and students and
help them to improve teaching and learning abilities.
The effective teaching demands from teachers the
practical implementation of such valuable techniques
of motivation41.
1
- Al-Quran, (33:21), The Noble Quran, translated by Dr.
Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din and Dr. Muhammad Muhsan Khan, King
Fahad Complex, Madina Munawwara, 1424 H.
2
- Imam Muslim, Sahih Muslim, translated by Nasiruddin al-
Khattab. Darussalam Publishers and Distributors Riyadh, The
Book of Divorce, Chapter: Giving one’s wife the choice does not
count as a divorce, unless it is intended as such, Hadith No. 3690,
2007.
3
- Dr. Muhammad Saeed Ramdhan, Darus Seerat (Lectures of
Seerat), Nashriyat Lahore, p. 40, 2010.
4
- Muhammad Tahir, Teaching Strategies used by the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) (Masters Thesis, Sarhad
University Peshawar), p. 8, 2013.
5
- Muhammad Anwar, Muallim Kainat (Teacher of the Universe),
Al-Maktaba Al-Arabia Lahore, p. 18, 2004.
6
- Sheeren Zadah, Lahore: Al-Faisal Nashran Lahore, p. 129, 2010.
7
- Muhammad Usman Najati, Al-Quran aur Ilm-un-Nafs, Al-Faisal
Nashran Lahore, p. 191, 2010.
8
- Kosslyn, S. M. and Rosenberg, R. S. Psychology: In Context,
Pearson Education, Inc and Dorling Kindersly, Inc., New Delhi, p.
449, 2006.
9
- Lane, E. W., Dictionary and the Glossary of the Koran, London,
p. 1438, 1867.
10
- Mustafa as-Siba'ee, Faisal bin Muhammad Shabbir, The Sunnah
and its Role in Islamic Legislation, 1st ed, International Islamic
Publishing House Egypt, p. 73, 2008.
11
- Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Teaching Training the Islamic
Perspective, 2nd ed, Institute of Policy Studies and International
Institute of Islamic Thought Islamabad, p. 61, 1996.
12
- Imam Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, translated by Muhammad
Mohsin Khan. Darussalam Publishers and Distributors Riyadh
Saudi Arabia.The Book of belief, Chapter: To pay Al-Khumus is a
part of faith, Hadith No. 53, 1997.
13
- Imam Ibn Majah, The Book of the Sunnah, Chapter: Taking
care of the seeker of knowledge, Hadith No. 247, 1997), Allama
Nasiruddin Al-Albani said: (This hadith is) Hasan.
14
Imam Bukhari, The Book of knowledge, Chapter: Eagerness to
(earn) the hadith, Hadith No. 99, 1997.
15
Allama Badruddin, Al-Aini, Umdatul Qari. K.S.A.: Maktaba
Shamila Net, vol. 3, p. 211, 2006.
16
Hill, M. E. and McGinnis, J., The curiosity in marketing
thinking. Journal of Marketing Education, 29 (1), 52-62, 2007.
17
Erik Shonstrom, How Can Teachers Foster Curiosity? Retrieved
on June 2015 from
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33shonstrom.h33.h
tml
18
Imam Tirmdhi, Chapter on Zuhd, Chapter: 2. Whoever guards
most against the unlawful, then he is the most worshipping among
the people, Hadith No. 2305, 2007, Allama Nasiruddin Al-Abani
said: This hadith is Hasan.
19
Imam Muslim, The Book of the Virtues, Chapter: The virtue of
Surat Al-Kahf and Ayat Al-Kursi, Hadith No. 1885, 2007.
20
- Falahi, G. N., Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him): A teacher to
mankind. Retrieved June 2015 from
http://info.ukimdawahcentre.com/download/Prophet(PBUH)
%20A%20Teacher%20to%20Mankind.pdf.
21
- Imam Tirmdhi, Various Narrations on Supplications, Chapter:
2. About the virtue of: “There is no might or power except with
Allah, Hadith No. 3581, 2007, Abu Iisa (Tirmdhi) said: This hadith
is Hasan Sahih Gharib.
22
- Imam Tirmdhi, Description of Judgment Day, Chapter: 2. What
has been related about the matters of the reckoning and required,
Hadith No. 2418, 2007, Abu Iisa (Tirmdhi) said: This hadith is
Hasan Sahih.
23
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of knowledge, Chapter: The
statement of the Prophet O Allah, Bestow on him the knowledge of
the Book (the Qur'an), Hadith No. 75.
24
- Dr. Fazal Ilahi, Nabi Kareem (Sallallaho Alayhi Wasallam)
bahasiyyat Moallim (The Prophet as a Teacher). Darun Noor,
Islamabad, p. 145, 2008.
25
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of Invocations, Chapter: The
statement of Allah: “… And invoke Allah for them…” (Verse.
9:103). Hadith No. 6334.
26
- Dr. Fazal Ilahi (2008), p. 118.
27
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of oaths and vows, Chapter: The
statement of Allah Almighty: Allah will not punish you for what is
unintentional in your oaths (v. 5:89), Hadith No. 89.
28
- Imam Muslim, The Book of Al-Birr, Chapter: Advice to treat
one’s neighbor well, Hadith No. 6688.
29
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of asking permission, Chapter:
Whenever replies saying "labbaik wa sa'daik, Hadith No. 6267.
30
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of menses, Chapter: A menstruating
woman should leave observing Saum, Hadith No. 304.
31
- Muhammad Usman Najati, Hadith-e-Nabvi and Ilmun-Nafs,
pp. 185-186, 2010.
32
- Dr. Muhammad Usman Najati, Hadith-e-Nabvi and Ilmun-
Nafs, p. 190.
33
- Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Imam Ahmad. Beirut:
Moassasatul Ar-Risala, Maktaba Shamila Vol. 11. P. 25,
Hadith No. 6486, 1999.
34
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of Wudu (Ablution), Chapter: If a
dog drinks from the utensil of any one of you then it is essential to
wash it seven times, Hadith No. 173.
35
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of dealing with actions in As-Salat,
Chapter: If a mother calls her son while he is offering As-Salat (the
prayer), Hadith No. 1206.

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36
- Dr. Muhammad Usman Nijati, Al-Quran aur Ilm-un-Nafs, pp.
200, 205.
37
- Imam Abu Dawud, Sunan Abu Dawud. translated by Ahmad
Hassan Kitab Bhaven , New Delhi, The Book of Etiquette,
Chapter: Stern warning about lying, Hadith No. 4990, 2008, Hafiz
Abu Tahir Zubair Ali Zai said: (This hadith is) Hasan.
38
- Imam Ibn Hibban, Sahih Ibn Hibban. Moassasa Al-Risala
Beirut, vol. 1, p. 180, Hadith No. 6, 1993. Shoaib al-Arnaoot said:
The chain of this Hadith is Hassan.
39
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of Ar-Riqaq (Softening of the
hearts), Chapter: About hope and hoping too much, Hadith No.
6417.
40
- Imam Bukhari, The Book of Sales (Bargains), Chapter: (Who is
said) about the perfume seller and the selling of musk, Hadith No.
2101.
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