Assignment #1

1.9

𝑥𝑎 (t) = sin (480 π t) + 3 sin (720 π t)

F1 =240 Hz F2 =360 Hz

Fmax=360 Hz

Fn =Fmax*2 = Fn =720 Hz

B ) Calculating Folding Freq. With Fs=600

𝐹𝑠
FF= =600/2 =300 Hz
2

c)Fs=600 Hz 𝑥𝑎 (nt)= X(n/Fs)

𝑛 𝑛
𝑥𝑎 (nt)= 2sin 2 𝜋 240 ( )+ 3 sin 2 𝜋 360 ( )
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠
𝑛 𝑛
𝑥𝑎 (nt)= 2sin 2 𝜋 240 ( )+ 3 sin 2 𝜋 360 ( )
600 600
2 3
𝑥𝑎 (nt)= 2sin 2 𝜋𝑛 ( )+ 3 sin 2 𝜋 n( )
5 5
2 2
𝑥𝑎 (nt)=2 sin 2 𝜋 n( )+ 3 sin 2 𝜋 n( 1 − 5
)
5
2 2
𝑥𝑎 (nt)= 2sin 2 𝜋 n( )+ 3 sin 2 𝜋 ( 25) = 2sin 2 𝜋𝑛 ( )- 3 sin 2 𝜋 n( 25)
5 5
 2
𝑥𝑎 (nt)= -2 sin 2 𝜋𝑛 ( )= -2 sin (ωn) => ω=4π/5
5
4
d) Ya(t)=- 2 sin 𝜋𝑛 ( ) f= 2/5
5

=2 sin 2 𝜋 𝑓𝑡

Folding frequency = 300 Hz

Fo=Fk-kFs -Fs/2≤Fo≤Fs/2

F1=240 Hz , F2=360Hz

F1<Fs/2 F1 is not affected by aliasing

F2>Fs/2 F2 is affected by aliasing

Therefore F2’= F2 – Fs = -240 Hz

Ya(t) = X(Fs t) =2 sin (2 𝜋 𝐹𝑠 𝑡 )= =2 sin 480 𝜋 𝑡

1.15
a) x(n) 0<= n <=99 Fs =5KHz Fo=[0.5,2,3,4.5]

X(n)=Xa(nt)
𝐹𝑜
X(n)= sin(2 𝜋 n) -∞<n<∞
𝐹𝑠

The folding frequency = Fs/2=Fn >2.5 Khz

2.5 KHz is the maximum frequency that can be showed by the signal , F 1 and F2
are not affected by aliasing but F3 and F4 yes.

F3 =-2kHz and F4= 500Hz

4.2

A 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0
a) 𝑥𝑎 (𝑡) = {
0, 𝑡 < 0

Fourier transformation

∞
Xa(F) = ∫0 𝐴 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 −𝐴
= 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑡 |∞
0
𝑎+𝑗2𝜋𝐹

𝐴 𝐴
Xa(F)= 0 − (− )=
𝑎+𝑗2𝜋𝐹 𝑎+𝑗2𝜋𝐹

The magnitude of spectrum :

|𝐴| 𝐴
|𝑋𝑎(𝐹)| = =
√𝑎2 +(2𝜋𝐹)2 √𝑎2 +(2𝜋𝐹)2

The angular Phase:

𝐴
|𝑋𝑎 (𝐹 )| =
√𝑎2 + (2𝜋𝐹 )2
2𝜋 𝐹
≤ 𝑋𝑎(𝐹) = − tan−1 ( )
𝑎
4.10) a) 0, 0 ≤ |𝜔| < 𝜔0
𝑋 (𝜔 ) = {
1, 𝜔0 < |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋

X(n)= 1 +𝜋 𝑗𝜔𝑛
∫ 𝑋 (𝜔 ) 𝑒 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −𝜋

1 −𝜔0 𝑗𝜔𝑛
1 +𝜋
= ∫ 𝑋 (𝜔 ) 𝑒 𝑑𝜔 + ∫ 𝑋(𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑛 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜔0

1 −𝜔0 𝑗𝜔𝑛 1 +𝜋 𝑗𝜔𝑛

= ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝜔 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜔0

for n=0

1 −𝜔0 1 +𝜋
𝑋(0) = ∫ 𝑑𝜔 + ∫ 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜔0

1 −𝜔0 1 +𝜋
= 𝜔 + 𝜔
2𝜋 −𝜋 2𝜋 𝜔0
1 1
= (𝜋 − 𝜔0 ) + (𝜋 − 𝜔0 )
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝜋 − 𝜔0
𝑋(0) =
𝜋
if n≠0

X(n) 1 −𝜔 1 −𝜔0
= ∫−𝜋
0
𝑋(𝜔) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑛 𝑑𝜔 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑛 −𝜋
2𝜋 𝑗𝑛
 =1
𝑒 −𝑗 𝜔0 𝑛
− 𝑒 −𝑗 𝜋𝑛
𝑗𝑛

n=1

𝜋
1 𝑗𝜔𝑛 𝜋
∫ 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑛 𝑑𝜔 = 𝑒
−𝜔0 𝑗𝑛 𝜔0
1
= 𝑒𝑗 𝜋𝑛
− 𝑒 𝑗 𝜔0 𝑛 
𝑗𝑛

1 1 𝑛 𝜔0
𝑒 −𝑗 𝜔0 𝑛
− 𝑒 −𝑗 𝜋𝑛
+ 𝑒𝑗 𝜋𝑛
− 𝑒 𝑗 𝜔0 𝑛 = −sin 𝑛≠0
𝑗𝑛 𝑗𝑛 𝜋𝑛

−𝑗2𝜋𝑡𝐹0
𝑒 , 𝑡≥0
6.9 a) 𝑋𝑎(𝑡) = {
0, 𝑡, < 0
Xa(F)  Xa(t)

Xa(t) = e-j2πFo t
∞ ∞ ∞
Xa(F) = ∫0 𝑋𝑎 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =∫0 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑜𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑡 𝑑𝑡=∫0 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜−𝐹)𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜−𝐹)𝑡 ∞ 1
Xa(F) = 0
=
𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜−𝐹) 𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜−𝐹)

b)X(n)=Xa(nt), T=1/Fs
j2πFo n
X(n)= e- =𝑋𝑎(𝑛𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜)𝑛𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜/𝐹𝑠)𝑛
Spectrum X(a)

X(f) =∑∞
𝑛=−∞ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑒
−𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑛
= ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑒
−𝑗2𝜋(𝐹𝑜/𝐹𝑠)𝑛 −𝑗2𝜋𝐹𝑛
𝑒
 1
=∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑒
−𝑗2𝜋(𝐹+𝐹𝑜/𝐹𝑠)𝑛
=
1−𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋(𝐹+𝐹𝑜/𝐹𝑠)𝑛

6.10)

Fc=50

To avoid aliasing Fs ≥2B

Nyquist Frequency =20kHz

B=20  Fs= 40KHz