THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A Theoretical Framework is a conceptual model of how we theorize the relationships

among several factors or variables that have been identified as important to the
problem. The theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts. A
theoretical framework guides and determining what things will measure, and what
statistical relationships looking for.

The theoretical framework for this study as below:-

Moderating
Variable

The independent variables, also known as the predictor or explanatory variables, are
the factors that explain variation in the dependent variable. All the independent
variables as above influence the planning of the township. The Independent
Variables for this study are:-
 1. The work scope among the public policy makers and local authorities related
in township planning

2. Play an active role in discussion and planning decision among the public
policy makers and local authorities related in township planning

3. Locate enough budget in the planning and development of township

4. The competency of knowledge and skill among the township planner

Besides, the political drive as moderating variable also effect on the relationship of
independent and dependent variable.

HYPOTHESES

It is a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in

the form of testable statements. A hypothesis must be testable, but must also be
falsifiable for its acceptance as true science.

The hypotheses for this study as below:

Ha1 : Improper planning leads to more congested traffic.

Ha2 : A systematic developed approach for townships reduces traffic congestion.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 BROADTOPIC NARROW SPECIFICTOPIC RESEARCHQUESTION
TOPIC
Township Township Township Do improved interaction between
Planning Planningwith developers, local authoritiesand
regardsto town publiclead to systematic
planners township planning?
capabilities
Are authoritiesscope of workand
miscommunication among
themselveseffect to township
planning?

How does budget allocation

relateto effective town planning?

How does planner competency

effect town planning?

Before a research question can be formulated, a topic must be identified. The broad
topic that had been identified for this study is about township. Then, the narrow topic
that had been identified is township planning. After the narrow topic, we found that
the specific topic for this study is about township planning with regards to town
planners’ capabilities.

Some of the research questions based on the specific topic might be:

1. Do improved interaction between developers, local authorities and public lead

to systematic township planning?
2. Are authorities scope of work and miscommunication among themselves effect
to township planning?
3. How does budget allocation relate to effective town planning?
4. How does planner competency effect town planning?