Exam

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) A transverse wave is propagated in a string stretched along the x-axis. The equation of the wave, 1)
in SI units, is given by: y = 0.001 cos π(47t - 17x). The amplitude of the wave, in SI units, is
closest to:
A) 0.001 x 17π
B) 0.001π
C) 0.001
D) 0.001π/17
E) 0.001 x 17

2) A transverse wave is propagated in a string stretched along the x-axis. The equation of the wave, 2)
in SI units, is given by: y = 0.006 cos π(46t - 12x). The frequency of the wave, in SI units, is closest
to:
A) 46 B) 100 C) 69 D) 23 E) 140

3) A transverse wave is propagated in a string stretched along the x-axis. The equation of the wave, 3)
in SI units, is given by: y = 0.005 cos π(38t - 14x). The wave speed, including the sense of
direction along the x-axis, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 0.37 B) -0.37 C) -2.7 D) 2.7 E) zero

4) A transverse wave is propagated in a string stretched along the x-axis. The equation of the wave, 4)
in SI units, is given by: y = 0.006 cos π(22t - 16x). The propagation constant of the wave, in SI
units, is closest to:
A) 8.0 B) 50 C) 32 D) 16 E) 22

5) A transverse wave is propagated in a string stretched along the x-axis. The equation of the wave, 5)
in SI units, is given by: y = 0.002 cos π(52t - 15x). The maximum velocity of a particle on the
string, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 0.64 B) 0.53 C) 0.43 D) 0.33 E) 0.74

6) A string, 90 cm long and having a mass of 93 g, is attached to a 730-Hz vibrator at one end. The 6)
other end of the string is fixed and the string is kept under tension. The vibrator produces a
transverse wave in the string, whose amplitude is 3.0 mm, and that propagates with a velocity of
76 m/s. The energy of the wave is absorbed at the fixed end. In this situation, the propagation
constant of the wave, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 9.6 B) 48 C) 19 D) 60 E) 30

7) A string, 80 cm long and having a mass of 61 g, is attached to a 660-Hz vibrator at one end. The 7)
other end of the string is fixed and the string is kept under tension. The vibrator produces a
transverse wave in the string, whose amplitude is 5.0 mm, and that propagates with a velocity of
32 m/s. The energy of the wave is absorbed at the fixed end. In this situation, the tension in the
string, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 87 B) 78 C) 75 D) 84 E) 81

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 8) A string, 30 cm long and having a mass of 14 g, is attached to a 750-Hz vibrator at one end. The 8)
other end of the string is fixed and the string is kept under tension. The vibrator produces a
transverse wave in the string, whose amplitude is 8.0 mm, and that propagates with a velocity of
54 m/s. The energy of the wave is absorbed at the fixed end. In this situation, the maximum
transverse velocity, of a point on the string, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 40 B) 35 C) 42 D) 38 E) 33

9) A string, 50 cm long and having a mass of 57 g, is attached to a 910-Hz vibrator at one end. The 9)
other end of the string is fixed and the string is kept under tension. The vibrator produces a
transverse wave in the string, whose amplitude is 6.0 mm, and that propagates with a velocity of
25 m/s. The energy of the wave is absorbed at the fixed end. In this situation, the average power
transmitted by the wave, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 2500 B) 5100 C) 3400 D) 4200 E) 1700

10) The equation y(x,t) = 0.015 cos(13.4x + 488t), where all quantities are in SI units, represents a 10)
traveling wave having:
A) wavelength = 0.469 m and period = 12.9 ms
B) wavelength = 13.4 m and frequency = 488 Hz
C) wavelength = 0.0746 m and period = 0.00205 s
D) frequency = 488 Hz and period = 12.9 ms
E) wavelength = 0.469 m and frequency = 3060 s

11) Which of the following is a FALSE statement? 11)

A) Not all waves are mechanical in nature.
B) A wave in which particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave is
moving is called a longitudinal wave.
C) The speed of a wave and the speed of the vibrating particles that constitute the wave are
different entities.
D) In a transverse wave the particle motion is perpendicular to the velocity vector of the
wave.
E) Waves transport energy and matter from one region to another.

12) A wire, 4.0 m long, with a mass of 60 g, is under tension. A transverse wave is propagated on the 12)
wire, for which the frequency is 330 Hz, the wavelength is 0.20 m, and the amplitude is 7.0 mm.
The time for a crest of the transverse wave to travel the length of the wire, in ms, is closest to:
A) 61 B) 53 C) 82 D) 75 E) 68

13) A wire, 9.0 m long, with a mass of 60 g, is under tension. A transverse wave is propagated on the 13)
wire, for which the frequency is 120 Hz, the wavelength is 0.30 m, and the amplitude is 2.3 mm.
The tension in the line, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 11 B) 13 C) 9.9 D) 14 E) 8.6

14) A wire, 4.0 m long, with a mass of 20 g, is under tension. A transverse wave is propagated on the 14)
wire, for which the frequency is 740 Hz, the wavelength is 0.70 m, and the amplitude is 6.7 mm.
The maximum transverse acceleration of a point on a wire, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 160,000 B) 130,000 C) 140,000 D) 110,000 E) 90,000

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15) A wave on a stretched string is described in SI units by 15)
y = 0.004 sin (300t - 15x).
What is the maximum velocity of a particle on the string?
A) 1.20 m/s
B) 0.060 m/s
C) 20.0 m/s
D) 5.56 m/s
E) 8.37 × 10-5 m/s

Figure 15.1

16) In Fig. 15.1, which of the curves best represents the variation of wave speed as a function of 16)
tension for transverse waves on a stretched string?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

17) A crane lifts a 2500-kg mass using a steel cable whose mass per unit length is 0.65 kg/m. What is 17)
the speed of transverse waves on this cable?
A) 578 m/s B) 225 m/s C) 1220 m/s D) 194 m/s E) 1880 m/s

18) A transverse wave traveling along a string transports energy at a rate r. If we want to double this 18)
rate, we could
A) increase the amplitude by a factor of 2.
B) quadruple the amplitude of the wave.
C) increase the tension in the string by a factor of 2.
D) double the amplitude of the wave.
E) double the tension in the string.

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19) A wire of mass 5.00 grams and length 1.20 m is stretched with a tension of 36.0 N. Waves of 19)
frequency 50.0 Hz and amplitude 1.6 mm are traveling along the wire. What is the average
power carried by the waves?
A) 9.66 × 10-3 W
B) 4.34 × 10-4 W
C) 6.57 × 10-3 W
D) 1.68 × 10-4 W
E) 1.96 × 10-5 W

20) A 2.0-g string, 0.72 m long, is under tension. The string produces a 800-Hz tone when it vibrates 20)
in the third harmonic. The speed of sound in air is 344 m/s. In this situation, the wavelength of
the standing wave in the string, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 0.72 B) 1.1 C) 1.4 D) 0.48 E) 1.8

21) A 8.0-g string, 0.87 m long, is under tension. The string produces a 900-Hz tone when it vibrates 21)
in the third harmonic. The speed of sound in air is 344 m/s. The wavelength of the tone in air, in
SI units, is closest to:
A) 0.71 B) 0.58 C) 0.87 D) 0.54 E) 0.38

22) A 3.0-g string, 0.14 m long, is under tension. The string produces a 200-Hz tone when it vibrates 22)
in the third harmonic. The speed of sound in air is 344 m/s. The tension in the string, in SI units,
is closest to:
A) 6.1 B) 4.8 C) 10 D) 8.8 E) 7.5

23) A string, 0.23 m long, vibrating in the n = 2 harmonic, excites an open pipe, 0.82 m long, into 23)
second overtone resonance. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s. The number of antinodes in
the standing wave pattern of the pipe is:
A) 6 B) 4 C) 3 D) 5 E) 2

24) A string, 0.17 m long, vibrating in the n = 4 harmonic, excites an open pipe, 0.97 m long, into 24)
second overtone resonance. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s. The number of antinodes in
the standing wave pattern of the string is:
A) 8 B) 6 C) 7 D) 5 E) 4

25) A string, 0.26 m long, vibrating in the n = 5 harmonic, excites an open pipe, 0.88 m long, into 25)
second overtone resonance. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s. The distance between a node
and an adjacent antinode, in the string, in mm, is closest to:
A) 26 B) 52 C) 13 D) 260 E) 39

26) A string, 0.25 m long, vibrating in the n = 6 harmonic, excites an open pipe, 0.96 m long, into 26)
second overtone resonance. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s. The common resonant
frequency of the string and the pipe, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 700 B) 540 C) 360 D) 450 E) 630

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 27) A string, 0.28 m long, vibrating in the n = 3 harmonic, excites an open pipe, 0.82 m long, into 27)
second overtone resonance. The speed of sound in air is 345 m/s. The velocity of transverse
waves in the string, in SI units, is closest to:
A) 98 B) 100 C) 110 D) 91 E) 120

28) At one instant of time two transverse waves are traveling in the same direction along a stretched 28)
string. They are described in SI units by
y = 0.05 cos 5x and y = 0.05 sin 5x
1 2
How far from the origin is the nearest crest of the composite wave?
A) 0.63 m B) 0.31 m C) 0.20 m D) 0.10 m E) 0.16 m

29) An ocean wave directed straight in strikes a seawall perpendicularly to its path and is reflected. 29)
The incoming wave travels 0.86 m/s and has a period of 6.9 s. The wave has an antinode at the
wall. How far from the wall is the nearest node in the standing wave setup?
A) 1.2 m B) 0.74 m C) 2.2 m D) 1.5 m E) 1.1 m

30) What is the period of the wave described in SI units by 30)

y = 1.1 sin (324 t - 13x)?
A) 483 ms B) 76.9 ms C) 1.49 ms D) 19.4 ms E) 3.09 ms

Situation 15.1
A mass m is hung from the ceiling by a thin 8.25-g wire that is 65.0 cm long. When you gently pluck the upper end of the
wire, a pulse travels down the wire and returns 7.84 ms later, having reflected off the lower end. The speed of sound in
the room is 344 m/s, and m is great enough to prevent the lower end of the wire from moving.

31) In Situation 15.1, mass m is closest to: 31)

A) 8.90 kg B) 35.6 kg C) 23.1 kg D) 349 kg E) 227 kg

32) In Situation 15.1, if the wire is vibrating in its second overtone, the frequency of the sound it will 32)
produce is closest to:
A) 765 Hz B) 128 Hz C) 255 Hz D) 383 Hz E) 191 Hz

33) In Situation 15.1, if the wire is vibrating in its second overtone, the wavelength of the sound it 33)
will produce is closest to:
A) 0.217 m B) 0.433 m C) 0.650 m D) 1.35 m E) 0.898 m

34) In Situation 15.1, if the wavelength of the standing wave for a given vibrational mode of the wire 34)
is !, what will be the wavelength in the same mode if the mass m is doubled without stretching
the wire?
A) 2! B) ! C) !/ 2 D) !/2 E) 2!

35) In Situation 15.1, if the frequency of the standing wave for a given vibrational mode of the wire 35)
is f, what will be the frequency in the same mode if the mass m is doubled without stretching the
wire?
A) f/ 2 B) f/2 C) 2 f D) f E) 2 f

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 36) What is the frequency of the fundamental mode of vibration of a steel piano wire stretched to a 36)
tension of 440 N? The wire is 0.600 m long and has a mass of 5.60 grams.
A) 366 Hz B) 234 Hz C) 312 Hz D) 295 Hz E) 517 Hz

37) Two violinists are trying to tune their instruments in an orchestra. One is producing the desired 37)
frequency, 440 Hz. The other is producing a frequency of 448.4 Hz. By what percentage should
the out-of-tune musician change the tension in his string to bring his instrument into tune at
440 Hz?
A) 1.0% B) 0.6% C) 2.0% D) 4.0% E) 0.5%

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

38) The equation of a certain traveling transverse wave is 38)

y(x,t) = 9.00 sin(83.00πt - 4.900πx),
where t is in seconds and x and y are in centimeters. Find the speed of propagation, the
period, and wavelength for these waves. (Express your answer in SI units.)

39) In a given situation transverse waves on a string carry an average power of 88 watts. 39)
What does the average power carried by the waves become if (a) the amplitude of the
waves is increased from 5.0 cm to 48 cm while the frequency and wave speed are held
fixed, or (b) the tension with which the string is stretched is increased from 5.0 N to 39 N
while the frequency and amplitude of the waves is held fixed?

40) Standing waves of frequency 96 Hz are produced on a string that has mass per unit 40)
length 0.0160 kg/m. With what tension must the string be stretched between two
supports if adjacent nodes in the standing wave are to be 0.67 meters apart?

41) A thin steel wire with Young's modulus of 2.00 x 1011 Pa and density 7.80 × 103 kg/m3 is 41)
stretched between two supports with tension 373.0 N. If the radius of the wire is
2.60 × 10-3 m, find the ratio of the speed of longitudinal waves to the speed of transverse
waves in the wire.

42) A tiny vibrating source sends waves uniformly in all directions. An area of 3.25 cm 2 on a 42)
sphere of radius 2.50 m centered on the source receives energy at a rate of 4.20 J/s.
(a) What is the intensity of the waves at 2.50 m from the source and at 10.0 m from the
source?
(b) At what rate is energy leaving the vibrating source of the waves?

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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2

1) C
2) D
3) D
4) B
5) D
6) D
7) B
8) D
9) E
10) A
11) E
12) A
13) E
14) C
15) A
16) B
17) D
18) A
19) E
20) D
21) E
22) E
23) B
24) E
25) A
26) B
27) E
28) E
29) D
30) D
31) B
32) D
33) E
34) B
35) C
36) D
37) C
38) speed = 0.169 m/s period = 0.0241 s wavelength = 0.00408 m
39) (a) 8100 watts (b) 250 watts
40) 260 N
41) 107
42) (a) 12,900 W/m2 (at 2.50 m), 808 W/m2 (at 10.0 m) (b) 1.01 × 106 W