Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
April 5, 2008
• Only target cells respond, even though possibly all cells get hormone.
Contents
1 An Introduction to Regulatory Systems 2
1.1 The endocrine system and the nervous system are structurally,
chemically, and functionally related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Invertebrate regulatory systems clearly illustrate endocrine and
nervous system interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1
1 An Introduction to Regulatory Systems
1. Two systems: nervous, endocrine.
i. Neurotransmitter.
2
iii. Dilate smooth muscle.
(d) PGE and PGF very similar; opposite eect of smooth vessel of pul-
monary capillaries.
3
i. Releasing/inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus control.
4
3.2 The pineal gland is involved in biorhythms
1. Melatonin secreted. Light, season functions.
(c) Reproduction.
2+
9. Calcitonin lowers [Ca ] in blood.
2+
3. Kidneys: reabsorb Ca , activate vitamin D.
5
3.5 Endocrine tissues of the pancreas secrete insulin and
glugacon, antagonistic hormones that regulate blood
glucose
1. Islets of Langerhans endocrine; 12%.
3.6 The adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex help the body
manage stress
1. Catecholamines: epinephrine, norepinephrine.
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(a) Nerves release acetylcholine.
(a) Glucocorticoids
i. Synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrates: proteins.
(b) Mineralocorticoids
i. Aldosterone: increase blood pressure, volume. Usually RAAS
control.