A Report

on

A Comparative Assessment Of Stablization Potential Of Cement,Lime

& Geopolymer

Submitted by
GAURAV ANAND
(Roll No: 217CE1023)

Under the guidance of

Dr. SURESH PRASAD SINGH

Department of Civil Engineering

National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Orissa -769008, India
October 2017
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Contents:-
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3
2. Literature review………………………………………………………………………….3
3. Objective………………………………………………………………………………….5
3.1. Objective…………………………………………………………………………….5
3.2. Scope…………………………………………………………………………………5
4. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………...5
5. Work done so far………………………………………………………………………….6
6. Work yet to be done……………………………………………………………………….9
7. Road map…………………………………………………………………………………10
8. Reference…………………………………………………………………………………10

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1. Introduction:

Soil stabilization is referred to as a procedure in which a special soil is proportioned by adding or

removing, a cementing material or other chemical material to a natural soil material to improve
one or more of its properties. One of the most common methods of stabilization includes the
mixing of natural coarse-grained soil and fine-grained soil to obtain a mixture that develops
adequate internal friction and cohesion and there by provides a material that is workable during
placement but will remain stable further. All the soils available at the site may not be readily
available for required purpose so for improving the engineering properties of available soil,
stabilization is required.

Soil stabilization is the process of improving the engineering properties of the soil and thus making
more stable. It is required when the soil available for construction is not suitable for the intended
purpose .In its broadest senses, stabilization includes compaction, pre consolidation, drainage and
many other such process. However, the term stabilization is generally restricted to the processes
which alter the soil material itself for improvement of its properties. A cementing material or a
chemical is added to a natural soil for the purpose of stabilization. Soil stabilization is used to
reduce the permeability and compressibility of the soil mass in earth structures and to increase its
shear strength. Soil stabilization is required to increase the bearing capacity of foundation soils.
However, the main use of stabilization is to improve the natural soils for the construction of
highways and airfields. The principles of soil stabilization are used for controlling the grading of
soils and aggregates in the construction of bases and sub bases of the highways and airfields. Soil
stabilization is also used to make an area trafficable within a short period of time for military and
other emergency purposes. Sometimes, soil stabilization is used for city and suburban streets to
make them more noise-absorbing.

2. Literature Review:

 Deevi & Manikanta (2016) presented a the mechanism of cement stabilization of soils,
factors affecting cement stabilization, previous works related to cement stabilization have been
reviewed.
The compressibility of Moorum decreases with increase in percentage of cement
addition. 


The compaction characteristics both O.M.C and M.D.D increase with increase in
percentage of cement 
added to the Moorum. 


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The compressive strength of cement stabilized Moorum increases linearly with
increase in percentage of 
cement used for stabilization. 


The strength of cement stabilized Moorum increases with curing period. 


The compressive strength of cement stabilized Moorum cubes with 7% and 9% cement
have strengths 
equals to strengths of M7.5 and M10 grade concrete cubes. 


The C.B.R values of Moorum treated with cement increase significantly. 


The amount of cement required for modifying the Moorum as sub base material is only
3%. 


 Pradeep Muley et al. (2010) Pradeep Muley et. al based on their
study found that quality
of local moorum has been improved by
adding stone dust.

 As the percentages of stone dust increased in the murrum, the plasticity characteristics of the
mixture decreases, MDD values increases and the corresponding OMC values decreases. 


 It is observed that the murrum of moderate CBR is improved significantly by varying quantity
of stone dust. In the present study soaked CBR of murrum was 10.94 which has been increased
to 21.16 to 25.56 on mixing 20% and 30% stone dust respectively by weight of raw soil.

 Patil &Patil (2013) This paper deals with the improvement in various properties of subgrade
soil by using soil stabilizer and locally available poor materials.
 For mix of soil: RBI Grade 81 in the proportion of 100:0, 98:2, 96:4 the soaked CBR values are
found to be 2.56%, 4.89%, and 8.79% respectively. 

 For mix of soil: moorum: RBI Grade 81 in the proportion of 100:0:0, 90:10:0, 80:20:0, the
soaked CBR values are found to be 2.56%, 2.41% and 2.84% respectively.
 For mix of soil: moorum: RBI Grade 81 in the 
proportion of 88:10:2 and 86:10:4 the soaked
CBR 
values are found to be 3.40%, 7.95% respectively.
 For mix of soil: moorum: RBI Grade 81, the proportion of 78:20:2, 76:20:4 the soaked CBR

values are found to be 4.56%, 14.76% respectively.

 Mishra & Rath (2011) Intention was to determine the maximum CBR value, satisfying
the requirement of IRC. Here the cost effectiveness study of utilizing fly ash & lime for low

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 volume roads with special emphasis on roads of Western Orissa (India) over weak clayey soil
was carried out.
 For sub-base layer the recommended mix of 70% moorum + 15% fly ash + 15% sand + 3%
lime gives 16% extra CBR as compared to the conventional mix of 70:30 moorum : sand
combination. Although it costs more than the conventional mix, if used along with the
recommended sub-grade layer it will still result in a cost saving of 5 lakhs /km of road

 From the design & cost comparison of sub-grade it was observed that the maximum saving
was possible for 70% soil + 30% fly ash + 2% lime i.e. Rs 6.85 lakhs may be saved per km of
road as compared to road using only virgin clayey soil in sub-grade. The next highest saving
was for soil + 2% lime combination, i.e. 6.83 lakhs.

3. Aim and objective of the present study:

3.1 Aim & Objective:

 To find the stabilization potential of cement, lime and geopolymer for different types of
soil.
 The present work is aimed at stabilizing locally available Moorum with cement for
assessing its potential as construction material. To achieve the aim, work has been
planned with the following objectives.
Objectives:
 To determine Engineering properties of locally available Moorum 


 To evaluate chemical properties of Moorum to assess its suitability for

stabilization with cement. 


 To study the effect of addition of cement, lime and geopolymer on engineering

properties of Moorum soil. 



 To study the improvement in C.B.R of Moorum soil with cement , lime and
geopolymer stabilization.

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4. Methodology:-
4.1
 The proposed research is applied , descriptive and experimental.

4.2 Methods and Techniques:

In this result we will use the following methods to accomplish the proposed task:

 For grain size distribution, “Indian Standard for Grain Size Analysis”( IS: 2720 (Part-
IV)-1985 ) is used.
 For Atterburg’s limit of Moorum , methods described in IS Code (IS: 2720 (Part-V)-1987)
is used.
 For determining the other properties of material , method described in IS Code is used.

4.3 Stages
 Properties of material used.
 Determination of properties of moorum cement mixture in different proportion.
 Optimization of moorum cement mixture.
 Determination of properties of moorum lime mixture in different proportion.
 Optimization of moorum lime mixture.
 Determination of properties of moorum geopolymer mixture in different proportion
 Optimization of moorum geopolymer mixture.
 Comparative study of above.

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 FLOW CHART

•moorum
Determination •sand
of material •Geopolymer
properties •cement and lime

determination of properties
of moorum-cement mixture
for diffrent proportions

Optimization of moorum
cement mixture

determination of properties of
moorum-lime mixture for
diffrent proportions

Optimization of moorum
lime mixture

determination of properties
of moorum-geopolymer
mixture for diffrent
proportions

Optimization of moorum
geopolymer mixture

comparative study of
above results

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5. Work done so far:
5.1 Material
5.1.1 Moorum :
The weathered rock fragments which are gravely and non plastic in nature is locally called as
moorum. The granular moorum is collected from Shaktinagar area, Rourkela and tested in the
laboratory. The properties of moorum used for experimental studies are as given ;

Table 1 Properties Of Moorum

S.No PROPERTY Result

1 Specific gravity 2.42

2 Gravel 42.54%
Gradation
Sand 25.58%
Silt+Clay 30.88%
LL 51.3%
3
Index properties PL 34.2%

Plasticity Index 17.1%

SL 23.35%

Linear Shrinkage 14%

4 Standard proctor OMC 12.24%

test
MDD 2.015 (kN/m3)

5 Modified proctor OMC 9.98%

test
MDD 2.134(kN/m3)

CBR (Standard Unsoaked 14.73%

6 proctor)
Soaked 9.82%

7 CBR (Modified Unsoaked 57.21%

proctor)
Soaked 30.99%

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5.1.2 Sand:
Table 2 Properties of sand
S.No. PROPERTY RESULT
1. Specific gravity 2.61
2. Density Index 14.93%
3. Standard Proctor Test OMC 16.06
MDD 1.681(g/cc)
4. Modified Proctor Test OMC 12.88
MDD 1.949(g/cc)

6. Works to be done:-
 Properties of material used.
 Determination of properties of moorum cement mixture in different proportion.
 Optimization of moorum cement mixture.
 Determination of properties of moorum lime mixture in different proportion.
 Optimization of moorum lime mixture.
 Determination of properties of moorum geopolymer mixture in different proportion
 Optimization of moorum geopolymer mixture.
 Comparative study of above.

7. Road map:

Activity Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018
Literature review

Problem formulation
Analytical and
Experimental work
Analysis of results

Thesis writting

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8. Reference:

[1] IS: 2720 (Part-IV)-1985. “Indian Standard for Grain Size Analysis”, BIS New Delhi.


[2] IS: 2720 (Part-V)-1987. “Indian Standard for Determination of liquid limit and plastic
limit”, BIS New Delhi
.

[3] IS: 2720 (Part-VIII)-1983. “Indian Standard for Determination of Water Content-dry
density relation using heavy Compaction”, 
BIS New Delhi.


[4] IS: 2720 (Part-XVI)-1974.”Indian Standard for Laboratory Determination of CBR”, BIS,
New Delhi.

[5] Pradeep Muley, Dr. P.K. Jain “Experimental Studies on Utilization of Moorum as Hard
Shoulder Material” International Science and Technology Vol.2 (9), 2010, 4896 – 4901.

[6] B.M.Patil, K.A.Patil “Improvement in Properties of Subgrade Soil by Using Moorum and
RBI Grade 81” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue
5, May 2013 ISSN 2229-5518

[7] Niroj Kumar Mishra, Sudhira Rath “Cost effectiveness of clayey soil & moorum, treated
with fly ash-lime for construction of low volume roads” International journal of civil and
structural engineering ,Volume 2, No 1, 2011 ISSN 0976-4399

[8] Jyothi Swarup Deevi 1, Manikanta K V “OSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
(IOSR-JMCE)”
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 6 Ver. V (Nov. -
Dec. 2016), PP 44-48
www.iosrjournals.org

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