Analogy is a powerful tool which challenges and encourages you to think

critically. It is a strong device used to show connections and comparisons between

unlike things which highlight how they are alike (Barbacena, 2010).
After working on this lesson , you will be able to supply appropriate terms to
complete an analogous series of words or expressions; specifically, you will be able to:
1. define analogy;
2. determine the relationship of a given set of words in analogy;
3. compare traits of characters in the story read using analogy; and
4. supply terms to complete analogous series of words based on sentence
form, analogous pair and figurative analogy.

Before starting with this lesson, let us see what you already know about analogy.
Answer the following questions

This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most cases, you will
not only determine the common relationship between each pair but you will also have to
identify which term makes up each pair. Usually, you are given two terms in the format
A : B, which could be read as A related to B (Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen
is part of the house.
Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with common and
familiar objects. It functions as description or explanation of one thing by examining its
similarities and differences and forces the reader to understand the connection between
them. Using this technique, vocabulary skills as well as speed in reading
comprehension are enhanced.

Types of Relationships in Analogy

There are seven common types of relationships in analogy.

1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term.
Example:
eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
 A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other term.
Example:
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the other.
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning.
Example:
little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning.
Example:
elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in the other.
Example:
shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element.
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)

Now that you know the types of relationships in analogy, try to answer these.