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Magnification, Size, and Scale Bars
Cells are extremely small but knowing the sizes of objects viewed under the microscope can be really useful.
For example, a plant scientist might want to compare the relative sizes of pollen grains from plants in the
same genus to identify to help identify different species.
With a compound microscope, the magnification is the product of both lenses, so if microscope has a 10x
eyepiece and an 40x objective, the total magnification is 400x.
Magnification is defined as the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object.
We use micrometers for specimen size under the microscope. The conversion is:
1mm = 1000 μm (micrometers)
200 m 1 cm
40 m 2 cm
100 m 200X
5 cm 100X
4 cm 50X
100m 10mm
4mm 3X
10cm 25X
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Calculating Magnification of an Image Using it's Scale Bar
Magnification= 320x
Answer____________________
Answer___________________
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3. Calculate the magnification of the
plant cell. (show work)
Answer_________________
Answer________________
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5. Calculate the size of a cilia. (show work)
Answer____________________
Answer__________________________
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7. Calculate the size of the ant. (show work)
150x
Answer_____________________
15000x
Answer___________________
20000x
Answer______________________
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Magnification
Step 1)
Measure the image size using a ruler in
millimetres (mm)
Step 2)
Convert the millimetres (mm) into
micrometres (µm)
Step 3)
Divide your answer by the actual size
Question 1
This is a fly. Its actual eye size is 1,000µm.
What is the magnification?
1) Length of eye is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Magnification = Image ÷ Actual
Magnification = _____ µm ÷ _____ µm
Magnification = ________
The picture shows the eye magnified (zoomed in) by ________ times.
Question 2
This is a red blood cell. Its actual size is
300µm. What is the magnification?
1) Length of cell is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Magnification = Image ÷ Actual
Magnification = _____ µm ÷ _____ µm
Magnification = ________
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The picture shows the cell magnified (zoomed in) by ________ times.
Question 3
This is a snowflake. Its actual height is 700µm.
What is the magnification?
1) Length of snowflake is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Magnification = Image ÷ Actual
Magnification = _____ µm ÷ _____ µm
Magnification = ________
The picture shows the snowflake magnified
(zoomed in) by ________ times.
Question 4
This is an insect. Its wings are 2,500µm.
What is the magnification?
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Question 5
This is a chloroplast. Its actual length is
50µm. What is the magnification?
1) Length of chloroplast is ________
mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Magnification = Image ÷ Actual
Magnification = _____ µm ÷ _____
µm
Magnification = ________
The picture shows the chloroplast magnified (zoomed in) by ________ times.
Actual Size
Step 1)
Measure the image size using a ruler in
millimetres (mm)
Step 2)
Convert the millimetres (mm) into
micrometres (µm)
Step 3)
Divide your answer by the magnification
Question 1
This is a mosquito stinger. The
magnification is x4. What is the actual size?
1) Length of stinger is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Actual size = Image ÷ Magnification
Actual size = ______ µm ÷ _____
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Actual size = ________
The actual size of this stinger is _____ µm. We can see it because it has been magnified.
Question 2
This is shark skin. It is made of teeth.
The magnification is x50. What is the
actual size of 1 tooth?
1) Length of tooth is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Actual size = Image ÷ Magnification
Actual size = ______ µm ÷ _____
Actual size = ________
The actual size of this tooth is _____ µm. We can see it because it has been magnified.
Question 3
This is a grain of salt. The magnification is
x100. What is the actual size of the salt?
1) Size of salt is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Actual size = Image ÷ Magnification
Actual size = ______ µm ÷ _____
Actual size = ________
The actual size of this salt is _____ µm. We can see it because it has been magnified.
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Question 4
This is a needle and thread. The magnification is x4.
What is the actual size of the needle?
1) Size of needle is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________ µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Actual size = Image ÷ Magnification
Actual size = ______ µm ÷ _____
Actual size = ________
The actual size of this needle is _____ µm. We can see it because it has been magnified.
Question 5
This is a ballpoint pen. The
magnification is x20. What is the actual
size of the ballpoint pen?
1) Size of pen is ________ mm
2) _______ mm x1000 = _________
µm
3) Image size = _________ µm
4) Actual size = Image ÷ Magnification
Actual size = ______ µm ÷ _____
Actual size = ________
The actual size of this ballpoint pen is _____ µm. We can see it because it has been
magnified.
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Theory (structured) Questions On Linear Magnification :-
1.
(c) Explain why structure C cannot be seen with a light microscope. [2]
(d) State two disadvantages of the electron microscope compared to the light microscope for
the study of cells. [2]
Show your working and calculate the answer to the nearest whole number.
Answer= ……………………....[2]
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2.
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3.
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4. The drawing below shows the structure of a chloroplast.
a. Name structures labelled A to E, on the diagram. (5)
(b) Describe three similarities in the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria. (3)
(c) The chloroplast shown in the drawing was magnified 8500 times. Calculate the actual length
nd express your answer in micrometers.
of the chloroplast along axis XY. Show your working a
(2)
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