INL Guide to Open

Source Data

This program area is useful in terms of analyzing the adverse effects,

current status, and international coordination relating to transnational
threats and criminal activities around the world. These include threats to
cybersecurity and international criminal activities such as corruption,
alien smuggling, financial crimes (including money laundering),
violations of intellectual property law, and cybercrime.

SPSD: PS.4
Transnational
Threats & Crime
Purpose of Country Data Overviews:
This document provides a guide to indicators with externally
collected data that INL program officers might find useful when
developing budget justifications, deciding where to invest
resources, and tracking high-level outcomes.  In each section,
you'll find recommended indicators based on their quality and
relevance, with a link and how to find the data.

PS.4.1 - Financial Crimes and Money Laundering

PS.4.2 - Deter Cybercrime, Intellectual Property Theft, and

Corporate Espionage

PS.4.3 - Organized and Gang-related Crime

PS.4.4 - Cybersecurity

References

Extra Resources
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.1 Financial Crimes &
Laundering
Money Laundering
Financial Institution Due Diligence
Part of preventing money laundering is ensuring financial
institutions are prohibited from keeping anonymous accounts
or accounts in obviously fictitious names. Is your country in
compliance? Download the excel version of the FATF
Consolidated Assessment Ratings for current ratings in column
R.10 (compliant, largely compliant, partially compliant, non-
compliant).

Financial Institution Record-Keeping

Financial institutions need to maintain records on all
transactions in order to prevent money laundering and
financial crimes. To see if your country is compliant, download
the excel version of the FATF Consolidated Assessment Ratings
for current ratings in column R.11 (compliant, largely compliant,
partially compliant, non-compliant).

Reporting of Suspicious Activity

Preventing money laundering requires that financial institutions
report suspicious financial activity to a central authority. Do
financial institutions in your country report suspicious activities
to a financial intelligence unit (FIU)? Download the excel version
of the FATF Consolidated Assessment Ratings for current
ratings in column R.20 (compliant, largely compliant, partially
compliant, non-compliant).

Money-Laundering Offence

Most countries have agreed on a set of rules that govern how

they criminalize money laundering through the Vienna
Conventions. To see if your country is in compliance of these
rules, download the excel version of the FATF Consolidated
Assessment Ratings for current ratings in column R.3
(compliant, largely compliant, partially compliant, non-
compliant).
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.1 Financial Crimes &
Laundering
Money Laundering (cont.)
Anti-Money Laundering Capacity

Fundamentally important to whether or not a country can act

against money-laundering is its capacity (infrastructure,
bureaucracy, etc.) to do so. To see your country's capacity (low to
high ability) to fight against money laundering, see "anti-money
laundering" under the resilience indicators in the Organized
Crime Index (African only, global version coming soon) on page
125.

Risk of Money Laundering and

Terrorist Financing
A country’s overall risk of money laundering and terrorist
financing is based on a number of factors. To see your country's
overall risk based on 15 indicators like levels of corruption,
financial standards, and rule of law, find a complete country
ranking (low to high risk) on page 4 of the Basel AML Index.
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.2 Deter Cybercrime,
Laundering
Intellectual Property Theft,
and Corporate Espionage
Intellectual Property Rights
Enforcement
Without government enforcement of intellectual property rights,
there is little guarantee of protection. To see whether intellectual
property rights are enforced in your country, download the excel
file from the Global Competitiveness Index and see row 11 to find
a scale from 1 (least enforcement) to 7 (most enforcement).

Copyright Piracy
Software piracy is a major issue that can result in millions of
dollars of lost profit and can hinder business growth. To see
where your country stands on the level of copyright piracy, find
a complete ranking (best to worst) of piracy levels from the BSA
Global Software Survey 2018.

Enforcement of Intellectual Property

Theft Laws and Regulations
Enforcing intellectual property theft laws and regulations not
only depends on government enforcement, but also whether
citizens can voice their concerns or take their issues to court. To
see how your country compares to others in regards to
intellectual property theft laws (best to worst), see the category 6
chart on page 59 of the PDF from the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce International IP Index.
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.3 Organized and
Laundering
Gang-related Crime
Law Enforcement Capacity Against
Organized and Gang-related Crime
A country's ability to protect against organized crime is
strongly dependent on whether its law enforcement has the
capacity to do so. To see how your country fares (best to worst)
in terms of law enforcement's ability to fight organized crime,
see "law enforcement" under the resilience indicators on page
124 of the Organized Crime Index (Africa only, global version
coming soon).

International Cooperation in
Dealing with Organized Crime
Often, organized crime is transnational and involves
international cooperation to fight. Look at "international
cooperation" under the resilience indicators on page 124 of the
Organized Crime Index (Africa only, global version coming soon)
to see how your country ranks (best to worst) in terms of
international cooperation to fight organized crime.

National Policies and Laws in

Combatting Organized Crime
Without strong policies, laws, and enforcement mechanisms in
place to combat organized crime, organized crime is likely to
persist. See how your country ranks (from best to worst) in
terms of current policies to combat organized crime by seeing
"law enforcement" under the resilience indicators found on
page 124 of the Organized Crime Index (Africa only, global
version coming soon).

Access to Weapons
Since much organized crime is centered on the use of violence,
plentiful access to weapons can strongly hinder efforts to
reduce organized crime. To find out how easy it is to access
weapons in your country , select the "access to weapons"
indicator from the Global Peace Index to find a ranking from 1
(limited weapon access) to 5 (easy weapon access).
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.3 Organized and
Laundering
Gang-related Crime (cont.)
Intensity of Organized Internal
Conflict
Assessing the current level of organized conflict in your country
might be important before making other decisions about
financing, programming, etc. To see how your country fares,
select the "intensity of internal organized conflict" indicator from
the Global Peace Index to get a ranking from 1-5 (no conflict to
severe crisis).The intensity of organized conflicts within the
country, ranked from 1-5 (no conflict to severe crisis).

Disappearences, Conflicts, and

Terrorism
Along with organized conflict, other data might be necessary
to get a more holistic assessment of your country's current
security situation. To see the rates of disappearances,
conflicts, and terrorism in your country, see a score (0 is
lowest security, 10 is highest security) in column V from the
excel sheet by the Human Freedom Index.

Organized Crime - Costs to

Businesses
When thinking about organized crime, it is important to look at
its effects on not only civilians but other entities like private
businesses. To see how organized crime (mafia-oriented
rackateering, extortion) impacts business development in your
country, see the ranking (least impact of organized crime to
highest impact) from the Global Competitiveness Index.
Financial Crimes & Money
PS.4.4 Cybersecurity
Laundering
Overall Cybersecurity Protection
Score
Without strong cybersecurity protections, a host of internet-
related crimes can be committed, like data theft, malware, and
luring children. To see how your country's cybersecurity fares
overall from best to worst (based on factors like cybersecurity
regulations, protections for children online, etc.), see page 62 of
the Global Cybersecurity Index.

Regulations to Improve
Cybersecurity
While current cybersecurity protections are important, it is
also important to see what progress is currently being made
to improve cybersecurity. Look at page 31 of the Global
Cybersecurity Index to see how many countries per region of
the world have accepted regulations to improve their
cybersecurity (individual countries are not yet available).
Financial Crimes & Money
References
Laundering
Country Indicator URLs:
PS.4.1
Financial Institution Due Diligence
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/mutualevaluations/documents/assessment-ratings.html
Financial Institution Record-Keeping
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/mutualevaluations/documents/assessment-ratings.html
Reporting of Suspicious Activity
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/mutualevaluations/documents/assessment-ratings.html
Money-Laundering Offence
https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/mutualevaluations/documents/assessment-ratings.html
Anti-Money Laundering Capacity
https://ocindex.net/assets/downloads/enact_report.pdf
Risk of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing
https://www.baselgovernance.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Basel%20AML%20Index%202019.pdf
PS.4.2
Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement
http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-index-2017-2018/downloads/
Copyright Piracy
https://www.bsa.org/files/2019-02/2018_BSA_GSS_Report_en_.pdf
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Theft Laws and Regulations
https://www.theglobalipcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Scores-by-Category.pdf
Business Costs of Crime
https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index-new
PS.4.3
Law Enforcement Capacity Against Organized and Gang-related Crime
https://ocindex.net/assets/downloads/enact_report.pdf
International Cooperation in Dealing with Organized Crime
https://ocindex.net/assets/downloads/enact_report.pdf
National Policies and Laws in Combatting Organized Crime
https://ocindex.net/assets/downloads/enact_report.pdf
Access to Weapons
http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
Intensity of Organized Internal Conflict
http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
Deaths from Organized Internal Conflict
http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
Disappearances, Conflicts, and Terrorism
https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index-new
Organized Crime - Costs to Businesses
http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-index-2017-2018/downloads/
PS.4.4
Overall Cybersecurity Protection Score
https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/str/D-STR-GCI.01-2018-PDF-E.pdf
Regulations to Improve Cybersecurity
https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/str/D-STR-GCI.01-2018-PDF-E.pdf
Financial Crimes & Money
Extra Resources
Laundering
Uppsala Conflict Data Program
Provides up-to-date information on single events of conflict and social disorder
around the world.
https://ucdp.uu.se/#/

International Narcotics Control Strategy Report

Gives an overview of INL programming and processes in all countries of
operation.
https://www.state.gov/international-narcotics-control-strategy-reports/

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Gives U.N. information on data related to druge and crime, including homicide,
money laundering, drug use and cultivation, etc.
https://dataunodc.un.org/crime

Internet Organized Crime Threat Assessment, EUROPOL

Gives an overview of the current state and trajectory for cyber-related crimes,
along with information and EUROPOL recommendations.
https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/internet-
organised-crime-threat-assessment-iocta-2019

Insight Crime
Gives specific information on organized crime in Latin America.
https://www.insightcrime.org/

Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GITOC)

Comprises a network of organized crime experts and a repository of reports on
organized crime.
https://globalinitiative.net/

Center for Advanced Defense (C4ADS)

Conducts specific case-study research related to transnational threats.
https://c4ads.org/