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PAGE
Zonesof an Offshore Structure
I
Illustrationsof VariousplatformTypes
?-6
Definitionsand Abbreviations
7-8
Offshore Working
9
SafetyOffshore
10-11
Survivaland OffshoreInductionTraining
12-13
Medicals
t4
EmergencyProcedures/Safety EscapeRoutes 15
Permitto Work Systems
VesselEntry'and EnclosedSpaceWorking
16
17
Scaffolding
l8
Fire Protection
t9 -23
FlameSpreadClassification
Fire Ratings
. Classesand Fire Divisions
FireproofingMaterials
CementitiousFircproofCoatings
I ntumescent FireproofCoatings
FireproofSystems
BS 537t1(i9ii0) Saferl,SignsanctCokrurs 24-26
BS 1 7 1 0(1 9 7 5 )Id e n ti fi ca ti oonf pipelincs ?,1
BritishGasoff.sh<lre Specificali.ns(lntr.clucti.' lrr
! Documcnts) 2ri
Preparalion/Paint/CoatingM atcrials and corrccl practiccs ?e-32
CoatingApplication(Gcncral) 33-34
S p r a yAp p l i ca ti o n 35
B r u s hA p p l i ca ti tu r 36
I
InspectionandTestingResponsihilitics 37-40
Sclectionof C.oatings 4l
I
Anti-F<luling Coatings 4?-43
QualityAs.surancc 44
!
BG - o s -P S - I2 -0 (r/BP ro p crtics antlpcr fir r m ancc,fpainr s
anclCoatinss 4.i - 5o
Clathoclic ProtcctionOffshorc .il
i
P r c p a r al i uorrf S tcclT cst p a n cl s 5l
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W7

PAGE
British GasPaintingSpecifications
Systemsfor SubmergedZone
63
SplashZ.one
64
AtmosphericTnne
6s-67
Topsides
68-69
Aluminium Helideck 70-71
Deck-Heavy Duty
'| 72
DecJ<-LighrDury
StainlessSteel 73
CopperNickel,Aluminium ctc. 74
Instruments/El
ectrical Equipment 75
GalvanisedSteel 76-77
Conductorsand Rising Main Caissons 78
InternalCoatings
Diesel,potableWater anclSeawaterTanks 79
ProductionCaissons 80
Crude,Storage,Tank
Ballast,Chemical,Slops,Raw Water.
FinishColourSchedules BS 3g1 C and BS 4g00 8;
SuggestedColoursfor
StructuralSteel 82
Non StructuralStcel
Equipmenr 83
Marking paints
Identification ti4
List of References/AssociatedDocumenrs 8-i - ti(r
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TOPSIDES
fibov.e aD&eh &k-\, lrcc
ArMqIPHERICZONE

_),.(r^)rr
."{_L?_=
'--;
SPLASHZONE I

SUBMERGED
ZONE
- 2'[sAtJL L\T
zx--d S'eo'-b-e{

THE VARIOTJS
ZONESON AI,iOFFSHORE
STRUCTURE
.

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gsc ftStPerNosnt c-$L
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\ or SpBM

Piled steet plar{orm

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I n t e r m e d i a t ec o l u m n s

s t a b i l i z i n gc o l un r n

S e m i - s u b m e r s i b l ed r i l l i n g r i g
Aker H-5 showing the intermediate
corumns
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- derrrck

accommodatio,n.
production
and equipment
m o du l e s
s t e e ld e c k
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c o n c r et e
t o w er s

conductor
prpes

concrete base

for
O t l S t o r a g e , 1 J rI i :
w E t c r b a l l a st

Seatan k gravity structu re

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PLATFOR\I
:
A structurefrom which offshore working operations
can be carried out. Each
pl{pdentifi ed PLthe olgrators n@a clqg-1qp
JACKET

The supportstnrctureof a platform.

MODT]LES
)
Large boxes which contain ,v**t* necessary to operatethe platform. Eg.
-.o-prru*r
Accommodation module, production-modulg
module, these are
situatedon the topsidedecksand can be of up io tn "i levels.

AREAS OF A PLATT'ORM

As in illustration on previouspage.

SUBMERGED ZONE

Area betweenminus 2.5 m of the lowest astronomicaltide (L.A.T.)

and the
seabed.

SPLASH ZOI\IE

Areabetween-2.5m and+12 m of the L.A.T.

ATMOSPIIERIC ZONE
I
Area abovethe qplashzoneand up to dre decklevel.

TOPSIDES

Area at decklevel andabove.

Platforms are normally constructedonshore, towed out and set in position.

Pipelines connectinga plaform either to the shore or to anotherplatiorm are
taid by a Derrick lay bargewhich is employedto set and pile the jacke! set the
topsidesandrisersandlay the pipelines.

7
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Otherglossaryof terrns.
)

\ , /
Special valve fitted during well drilling to prevent fie escapeof oil and gas
during drilling.
I

CAISSON
,
/ open endedpipe which goes down into the sea,wift a pump and filter, for
disposalof certainproducts. r
)

CASING OR TUBING

Pipeswtrich are drilled ttrough, them cementedin place to form a fixed pipe
throughwhich the oiVgaswill flow.
,/
V/ CELLARDECK

Deck at intermediatelevel or the first deck on fte platform.

,.--
'
-c6NI)U(]T0R CD- >^r(- cs>-,{l.-te wi}\ tsil4j
)
Thep-artof the stmc.lgr_e
thatjoinstreloiUgaswegitothetopsidespipeworlc
) /HELIDECK

Area designatedfor take offand landing of helicopters.

RISER ao- *.r.,t z wlhh tls-d ".'1-6p

0 ),^of

joins the';sub*g pipelinelto the topsidespipeworlc

The part of the sEuctq{e__that

SPIDER DECK

Bracesbetweenconductorqnormally to be formd within the splashzsne.

XII{AS TREE

Valve assemblyconnectedto the conductoreqabting*r. *.U to U.ffiui-*Aby

wireline operatorsand enablingttre weJl-tobe Sloseili$*
i l
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OFFSHORE WORKING

Much of inspectionwork onshoreapplies to the offshore

situation, orcepting
that the environmental and *otkiog dangers created
mean that safety
proceduresand working practices are much -or. forrral
and must be strictly
adheredto. of the dangersand problems createdby the
environnent are:
Tidal changes
Salt ladenatuoqphereand salt spray
High winds andwave impact
Erosionof paint qystemsand steelitself from warc action
Hieh R.H.
Proll-emwith working areas(accessibilityto rmious zones)
Rapid weatherchange
Hieh ultraviolet light enerry

From these problems comes the requirements that work programmes

are
carefully scheduled. Splashzones must be coatedwhen the^sea'is
relatively
calm and at low tide, hetideckbprepared and coatedwhen no air
traffic is in
evidence' limited overcoating times must be considereddue to-prevailing
weatherconditionsandmoistureand salt laden atuospheres.

Other qroblems prevalent offshore are working so as not to interfere

with
productioq the needto blast and paint in an encapsulatedareawhen
required,
andthe storageof wasteandspentproducts as thesearenot to be disposed
of at
sea.

9
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I

SAFETY OFFSIIORE
The S1 t0l9 Titled
w.tfq.. Regolarionr
tgz6l;a s;;rroryinsr'ment,iHffi which provides
the rutes for safetv Health and welfare ;;;;";H";
offshore. A copy of Sl
1019mustbe avaiiableon Ae pUtform.

The duty for the responsibilityfor

safetyandlvelfare.offshorefall to
Tg"rat,'rte
the oflshorehrstallitionManager(oftI).
aesignates
@ to
carryout specifictasks,for examplethe iszueof
wirk permits.

-. .ansthatperson
takes
responsibility
_
,T,lt"tj _y:T.:3st1lybr:l-l1y

Regulation30(1) states- "Thsrreshall be provided

on e\rcryoffshoreinstallation
a sufficient numberof competentpersonsappointed
by thi installatioo*-ugo
to be responsiblefor the ,orrt ol -a ,"f.ty bf,

a. The strucfire of the installation.

b. The electricalequipmentof the installation
c. The mechanicalequipmentof the installation.
d. Liftin4 appliancesaod fftiag g"ar.
e. Drilling ope.rations
f. Productionoperations.
E The handlingand storageof acids,causticalkalis, ocplosiveq
radioactiveand other d*ge"ous zubstances.
h. Any other unuzualor dangerousoperation.

A list of all suchpersonsmust be placedwherc it canbe rcad

by ofters.
working offshorehave a duty with regardto safetyto ihemselves
lt,oTt"*el
anc otners.

Such stringentsafetyrules prevail offshore as extra dangersarein

cvidence.
,
- Danger of falling into the se4 explosion,
F*Tptg! fire risk and tre time
involved in gettingpeopleto hospital from the oifshore situation.
I

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a. No srnokingotherthan in designatedareas.

b. cotton overalls,rigger boots and safetyhelmetsmust be worn

outsidethe accommodation module.

c. Battery operatedradios and inspectionequipmentarenot

permittedunlessintrinsically safe.

d. The requirementsto obtain a work permit

Employers must ensurethat personnelworking offshore are fully

conversmt
with safety,working practicesand working,ooditioos

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Individualsmust recei'e safety

ylled training
" prior to working offshore.
Emergency trainingmustbegivenin four purtr, '

1. At formarinitial andrefreshercoursesasapproved
psx'srgrrm by the
-** offshore Training
orgoiotit"lbprrol -
with the exceptionofFqyy
visitors.

2. Before boanling helicopters.

3. Eiftg just prio,rto or going out to, or just having

anived on, an
installationforthe firrt ti-.

4' Throughregutardrills and exerciseson eachinstallation.

k -uKooA (tlK offshore operator's Association) document- Cruidetinesfor

offshoreEmergency
Trainingidenrifiesfil;;;;1", ororrilor. poio"rrr,
categoryA: permmently
orregurarry
assigned
personnel
without
specialistfirefighting duties.

category B:
leryane,ntrv assignedpersonnerwith qpeciarist
firefighting duties.

category c: Thosewho work offshore occasiona[v.

CategoryD: Visitors.

r*gue*:+!r assignedmeanspersonnelwhose usual place of employment

offshore. is

Reqularly assignedmeans personnel whose usual place

of anployrnent is
onshore but who, in the coluse of their dutics, -ay hu.,r"
to work'offshore
regul-artyand spendin excessof fifteen days or nights offshore
drri"t a twelve
monthperiod.

Those who work offshore occasionally means personnel

whose place of
employment is onshorebu! in the course of their duties, may have?
*ork
offshore but spendno more that fifteen days or nights offshoredgring
a twelve
monthperiod.

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categoryD - visitgp
.needonry*Td a c.A.A. ApprovedHelicoptersafety
briefinganda zuitable
instailation
inductionproffi..
Visitor meanspersonnelyho may visit offshore
but who wourd not ,'pect to
spenda night offshore,who wouid do no
more t-- ro* d"t oip;-. *.lrn,
month period and who would
""roffi.4 when outside the
accommodation,by a person in the p."--;tly
Assigned o, R.grrtrrty
Assignedcategories.

The minimum trailip required depends on

tte category appricable to the
-"&ift""rt
person. The offshore operator may
also specrfy training
requirements.

All categoriesof personnermust attend.a cAA

approved hericopter safety
briefing and a zuitableinstallation
q-
1du$on n-rril-r. This is required in
addition to approvedoffshoresurvival training.
There are a number of schoolswhich supply
offshore survirxaltraining The
courses attended must be approved uy- the Petroleum
Training vj.iaation
serviceoperatedby the offshore Petroleumrndustry
iraining organisation.

13
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MEDICALS

Being passedmedically fit to work offshore is most

imporhn! a person must
be fully fit to work in what can often be a harsrrenvironmen!
people fall iu it can take some time for their removal in addition when
to nospitat It is a
requirementof the UKOOA docnment- Guidelin." for Madinot Aa^^+- ^r
Fitness for Offshore ,W.ofkthat peopfr '
attendingemergencytraining courses.

Personnelmustbe passedasmedically fit prior to

working offshoreand _
Every three yearsif lesstt nn 40 yearsof age.
Everytwo yearsif between40 and50 yeari of age.
Every year if over 50 yearsof 4ge.
,.' )
The final decision on medical fitness for offshore employrnent
or as a visitor
lies with the operatorwho mustheedthe medical"..,ni."
received.

.)

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t ,
! m an emeryencyan intenrrittant siren and flashing
c -s:: means prepare
ligbt 'svuro u to,
! Abandon platform.-
the
' , t
/
\
\A continuous
sirenandredlightmeans@ y

' l
coating qystemfor marking escaperoutes on decksof all plaforms.

Routesshall be defined at treir edgeswift a

qaintedband of reflective coating
materials which will mark width and direction of the route
in the form of
arrows' The routeswill be shown on the appropriatedrawings
in the project
documentation.

The coatingsystemshouldbe applied overfte non-slip deck coatings

specified.

11:50!"-ry,Rr*.t shallbegvena 100mrnwidebandanda Secondary

Route
[a mm wide band.

(Reflective coating or stripsfu escaperoute marking).

15
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-_rv[0r

work permitscomein the form of a documenturhich

specifiesthe lpe of work
to be carried out togetherwith safety requirementswhich
must be complied
with during the time that work is rmdirtaken. working
supervisors are
responsiblefor obtainingwork permits and thesemust
be obLinei prior to the
conmencementof any preparationor painting.

Work permit issuedby a responsiblepersm.

work permit issuedto personsupervisingthe working team-

Following completionof the work the responsiblepersonmust

check trat dre
areais safe then deliver to the o.I.y. the completedwork pumit,
*y *ritt"o
insuuctions and a certificate confinning tnai tne work i,".
u..o-properly
completed.

TYPES OF PERII{ITS

IIo$ fYoe Permits, Are required \then a lpcal sourceof ienition

is involved
which is capableof igniting flammable ga*t, tiqiA "t . This means
that a hot
yll,L"111t l,: *n:"d for.the useof all po*g11rirr*
: '-. tools and equipment
including blastingan{spraf in€

cold lvoe Pemitq May be required when wu*ing at heigLs or for

operationssuchasnrbbingdownor housekeeping.

AIMS OF PER]VIIT TO WORK SYSIE,MS

a. Preventi"jrry to personneland damageto plant and equipnnent.

b. To authoriseproperly non routine worlc

Establisha companywide procedurefor non routine work

To clari$ risks andprecautionsto personnelbeforewod<is

carriedout.

To ensrueall systemsand equipmentare safeallowingworkto

proceed.

To provide documentaryevidcncethat requiredprecautionshave

beentully tulfilled.

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whgnworkingin the apov-e enty permitsmayberequiredthesearein addition

to thehot or coldpermitsdemanded.

In additionto an enuy permitn ssmpetentpersond

I lglrquired to carryout
gastestingto checkthat in excessoffW"- oxygen
el(lK a ,u"j ry person
mustbe presenta! the pornt_qfenfiy io cae ofe-ergenci"s.
l
A K9 snifferis
-gs_qg__!9*9:!grmineFFtruq"crplosionlevels.
Referencemust also be made to the M.E.L. and
o.E.L. containedin the
C.O.S.H.H.Regulations.

. l

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SCAFFOLDING

Regulations concerning scaffolding are to be found in the

Constmction
fWqrH4e Places)R.egulations1966. The correct erection and safe
use of
scaffolding in an offshore situation representsone of the greatest
-".*., or
safetythat can be achieved.

Scaffoldersmustbe greencardholders(isnredby C.I.T.B.).

Each erectedscaffold must be checkedby " scaffolding supervisor

who signs
:{ _.@en tag when he considersthe o-urotaiog safet eredea nris tag is
held in a plastic wallet attachedto the scafrold. If th; r,rp*iroi
cloesnot
considerthe scaffold safea Red tag is displayed.

Ft 9l l0t9 requiresworking platformsto be at least65 cm wide, with a toe

bgard 15 cm higb where practicable. When the working height is over
2 m or
when personnelcan fall into the seathree guard rails must be present.
Safetv
nets are requiredwhen $axd rails are not practicabreand u
@
is required when a safetynet is not practicable. uf" r"rtffiiqoirrd
for
over the side working when there is a dangerof fail;ig i"to the seaor when
a
responsiblepersonconsidersthey shouldbe worn.

Scaffolding must be checkedbefore use, at least eviry scven days and

each
time adverseweatherhas occurred. Particular atten{on is paid to fixings ana
tfie cdffi-hd plu'.roentof sselfiag*ge;rJ. wd;;;;G in the
splashzone boards are removed ai-*ork finishes each day ana repliced for
work the following day.

Normally the erectionof scaffoldingwould not normally be pernrittedat night.

Over the side safetymeasuresin brief,

GuardRails
SafetyNets
SafetyBelt and Line
Life Jackets
)
StandbyBoat
Radio Link to StandbyBoat
Radio Link OperatorsJob (Specific Task)
ProperSupervisionof Safetyand Work

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FIRE PROTECTION

I
Pti-aty
Teas requiring to be fireproofed offshore are those which provide a
mljor risk to personnel and plant safety in the event of fire. These are -
primary stnrctures,undersideof cellar deck accomnodationmodules.etc.

oT.1 tlpe of fire offshorewould by hydrocarbonwhich is capableof

|ft.-
Broducingtherlnalshock- that is, reach a temperatgre
of l250oCin a short
fime.

All materialsusedin building carry a flane qpreadclassification. This is laid

down by the building regulations. BS no part 7 lays down the method of
assessingmaterialsso that they can be given a "classi' of flarne spread. The
method is dependenton the distance a flame will travel across a sample of
material of a given size. The classesof flane spreadare asfollows:

\31il:?
Class2
#;::t3ff*Tffitr;spread
\ Surfacesof low flamc sprcad.
\ Class3 Surfacesof mediumflame spread.
Chss a Surfacesof rapid flame spread.
]
Both ferrous and non ferrous metals are given a Class0 flame spreadbut need
to be fireproofed on accountthat intense heat will lead to buckling trvisting
and warping of the metal togetherwith the _bgqakdown of fasteningswhich will
result in the collapseof the structure. I

Further6stailsgivenbelow.

Fire Ratines

The considerations for the selection of fire protective coating tlpe and
thicknessarebasedon four factors f9r the fire protectionof stuctural steel:

a. Tlpe of fire - usually hydrocarbonwhen offshore.

b. Critical temperafireto which the steblmustbe protected-S00:Q_
is the most conrmon;at this temperaturethe steelloses
approximatelyhalf its stnrcturalstrength.
c. Duration of protection - usually I - 2 hours-.

19
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d. f:pta "f the stnrcturalmember,i.e. ratio of the heated*perimeter
I
I of the steelto its crosss9ag9oal_Qr_g4.This value indifrtes the
i member's ability to absoib Gat and conductit away from the
heatedzone.
I
Fire ratings for bulkfieads,tmderdecksand similar, are expressedin code form.
There are three types of code used; the fotlowing text ii an extract from the
Departrnentof Energypublication - Offshore Installations:Guidanceon desigg
constnrctionand certification.

Classesof FirQ DMsions

glfQ-dlass divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheadsand dectcswhich

comply with the foltowing:

a They shall be constmctedof steelc other eErftralentmaterial.

b. They shall be suitably stiffened.
c. They shall be so constructedasto be capableof preventingthe
passageof srnokeand flame after 60 minutese4posureto a
standardfire test.
d. ft.y shall be so insulatedthat if eitherfaceis exposedto tre
"n
"
standardfire test for 60 minuteg the averagetemperatureon the
t\?\::, unexposedface will not increaseat any time during the test by
moreft* 1?9"9gQo.re_&g_initial,tgmperatrqq nor shall the
temperatureat any point on the face, including anyjoint, rise
morethan 180"c Qove the initial temperaturewithin 60 minutes.

( "Prlt- blass divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads,ceilings and

linings which comply with the following:

They shall be constnrctedas to be capableof preventingthe

passageof flame to the end of the first 30 minutesof a standard
fire test.
b. ,,Thry shallbe of suchmaterialthat if eitherfaceis exposedto the
qarfirst 30 minuteperiod of a standardfire tes! the average
, j
temperatureon the unexposedfacewill not increascat any time
'
[p\*b* during the first 15 minutesof the test by morerhan 139"Cabove
"..s,
the initial temperatue on the facc nor shall the temperatureat
any poinl including anyjoint, rise more than225"C abovethe
initial terrperature.
All materialsenteringin-to&e constnrctionand erectionof B-15
classdivisions shall be non-combustible.

20
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H-120 classdivisionsarethosedivisionsfonnedby decls andbultctreads

uihich
comply with the following:

a. They shall be constnrctedof steelor other equivalentmaterial.

b. They shall be sritably stiffened.
G. They shall be so constructedas to be capableof prerrcntingthe
passageof smokeand flame after 120minutesexposureto a
hydrocarbonfire test.
d. Th.y shall be so insulatedthat, if the designatedexposureface(s)
is (are) exposedto the hydrocarbonfire test for trvo hours, the
averagetemperatureon the unexposedfacewill not increaseat
any time during the test by more than l39o abovethe initial nor
shall the temperafire at any point on the face,including anyjoint,
rise more than 180'C abovethe initial temperatmewithin two
hours.
All materialsenteringinto the constnrctionand enectionof H-120
classdivisionsshallbe non-combustible.
f. Structuresintendedto be load bearingshouldeither be tested
underrepresentativeconditions of loading andrestraintor have
the temperatureof the load bearingmediummonitoreddgring
the test to demonstratethat the maximumtemperatureattained
would not haveresultedin loss of strengthor stiftess or
excessiveexpansionsuch as to impair the load bearingcapacrty.

The commonfire ratingsare A' and'H'ratings. A'ratings relateto cellulosic

fues, such as those typified by a fire r\rithin an acconrmodationmodule. TI
) ratingsrefer to hydrocarbonfires.

For example,a rating of ,{-60 would meanthat in the eventof a cellulosicfire

the fireproofing would have to insulate for at least 60 minutes (f hour). A
rating of H-120 would mean that in the event of a hydrocarbon fire the
fireproofingwould haveto insulatefor at least120minutes(2 hours).

21
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FIREPROOFING MATERHLS

Fireproofing to achieve a reduced or non existent flame spread can be by

coatings or material applied. Any term used to describea fireproof coatinl
meansttnt it is appliedin order to slow down the tendencyof heat and flarnei
to pass acrossa surface. There are two basic coatingsusedin fire protection
I' cementitious and intunnespenl applications vary for the two qystems and
specialsafety measuresmust be observedduring applicationas sometlpes are
hiehly toxic.

In general fireproof coatings do not have anti-corrosive properties and are

therefore usually applied over anti-corrosion coatings,in order to bring about
both non-rusting and fire proofing qualities. Fireproofing also exists in the
fonn of pre-formedpanels,mineralwool, foam etc.

CEMEIYTITIOUS FIREPROOFING COATINGS

Cementbased qystemtypically of portland cementand vermiculite, these can

be applied by spray, hawk and trowel or both depending on the system.
Coating thicknessesvary widely dependingon the protection required eg. l0
mm for t hour protectionand 50 mm for 4 hours protection. Thicker coatings
are usually appliedto meshwhich is studdedor pinned to the surfacerequiring
I protection. Cementitiouscoatingsare very ql!,alrn"e,PH valuescan be as high
\ as 12.5 and are very porous thus usually requiring u @A.D cracking and
spaUingare likely defects. (This t1.peis often appliedby grarnsper m2)
I
INTT]MESCENT FIREPROOFING COATINGS

\ Most fireproofing offshoreis by this method. Under heattypically around

\ZOO'Cttre coatingswellsto manytimes its dry thicknessandprovidesa barrier
lof carbonaceouschar. Thicknessagain dependson requirements. Some
qystemsreguire mesh to hold the char in position during a fire also to take
account of coating disbondmentdue to differential expansionbetween the
steelworkand coating. This type of coatingis quiteporousandrequirssssaling
and epory type of intumescentcoatings are used extensively for offshore
applications.

22
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FIREPROOF SYSTEMS

Themain considerations
for choosi.g fireproof systemsareasfollows:

a. Heatbarrierproperties.
b. Flamebarier properties,
c. Duration requiredduring exposnreto fire for adequatefire
protection.
d- The thicknessof coating requiredto provide adequateprotection.
e. Durability and other propertiessimilar to thoseconsideredfor
standardcoatings.
f. Smokeand toxic fumesgven off during a fire.

A fireproof coatingmay usemore than one methodto stopfire spreadingacross

its surface. Fireproofingmay provide:
' )
a. A thermally insulating layer.
b. A barrier to excludeoxygenfrom the combustiblesurface.
c. The formation of a heat resistantandnon-combustiblelayer.
d. The evolution of non-combustiblegasesor water to quenchthe
) flemes.
" e. The ablation(removal)of a fire attackedouter surfaceto reveal a
"ooler surface.

23
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SAFETYSIGNSAI\D COLOURS
ATION

This standardis in internationaluse and provides information regardingsafety

) with the useof words.

) It definej-tdtty by the use of prticular colours and shapesand ull ,"fetv signs
must conform to these standards. It is used primarily to prevent urCid.rrts,
identi$r health hazards,meetemergencies.
; )

r DEF'INTTIONS

SAFETYCOLqUR A colourwhich has a specialmeaningor purpose.

SAFETYSYMBOL A graphic symbol usedin a safetysign.

SAFETY SIGN A sign uftich statesa safetymessageby combining

a safetycolour with a safetyqmbol or both on a
geometricshape.

SUPPLEMEITITARY
SIGN A sign with text only.

SAFETY COLOURS

Colour lllsaning or Example of Use Contrast Colour

Obiective
Red 04-E-53 Stop,Prohibition Stop Signs,EmergencySigns, White
Prohibition Signs,
Fire Fighting Equipment
't andits location.
Yellow 08-E-51 Caution,Risk of lndication of Hazards,(Fire, Black
Danger. Explosion, RadiationChernicals)
'l
Warning for obstacleslow
headroometc.
Green 14-E-53 EmergenrySigns, EscapeRoutes,Emergency Exits, White
SafeConditions FirstAid. RescueStations.
Blue 18-E-53 MandatoryAction Obligation to wear safetyequipment White
Information Locationof telephone

24
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SAFETY SIGNS

Prohibition Siens Red-04-E-S3

White background with red circular band and cross bar, safety symbol
in
blaclq placed centrally. Must not obliterate thc cross bar. Sign should
be at
least35% red.

WamUegligq! YelIow-08-E-Sf
,
Yellow background with triangular band in black. Safety symbol or text in
black, placed centrally. A black and yellow identification sign can be used
where thereis a risk of hazards. Sign shouldbe at least50oloyellow.

Mandatorv Signs Blue.l&E-53

Blue circle, safetyslmrbolor text white, placecentrally. Sign shouldbe at least

50% blue.

25
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SAFEry SIGNS

) EmergencvSisns Green-l4-E Ai

Green squareor re_ctangle.saf"tv symbol or text white, placed

centrally. sip
should be at least 5oyo green.

Supolementarv Signs
I
White squareor rectatgle, text in black. Altematively the backgpound
can be
the semesafety colow as the safety sign it is supplementingwith the text
in the
appropriatecontras'ng colour.
)

'l

26
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This standardusescolourstakenfrom BS 4800 referencesto identi$ what any

particularpipe or conduit is carrying.

Differing colours identiS a particular liquid, grasor electrical sernice. This

ensures that during maintenanceworlg or in the event of fire or other
emergencieseven in complex pipework systemsit can be quickly estabtished
yh{ thosepipes are carrying and be traced to sourcein the-eveniof the pipes
having to be shut off.

Basic-rdentificatig4 is by painting the whole of the pipe, or, by painting bands

of colour or attaching colowed adhesivetape at aU
Junctions,both sides of
v1lves, wall penetrationsor wherever identification is necessary. Sometimes
other bands of colour are painted onto the qpecified base cotour in order to
more closely identi$ what the pipe is carrying say in the case of different
typesof water.

BASIC IDENTIFICATION

Pipe Contents Colour Name Approx BS 4Eflt Ref

Water Green /r1ro19",,^
l2-D45
Steam silver-91ey Yetlo^ l0-A-03
Mineral, Vegetable& Brown Vct\un 06-c-39
Animal Oils Combustible veA-
liquids
Gases,
LiquidGases(Except Yellow Ocbre
TN o8-c-35
Air)
Acids and Alkalis Violet ulo(tt 22-C-37
Air Lieht Blue ;ii** 2o-E-5t
Other Fluids including Black Nroko.l 00_E-53
Drainage
ElectricalServices Orange Yilf o6-E-51
FreshWater Auxiliarv Blue 0hr.!, l8-E-53

27
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)

The _following three British Gas documentsmake up the technical

specificationswhich relateto the painting and coatingof ofrshorestructures.
changesto thesespecifications arecurently underconsideration.

cP-c-lss- Coatinesand Paints- Companypracticesand

Specifications.

- Properties
BG/os/Ps/12-0618 andperfo;ance of paintsandcoatines
' ) i
The documentCP-C-155is ttre specifi."doo which defines the minimrrm
technical requirernentsfor the naterials, 'surface preparation, application,
--) testing and inspectionto be used on new works and maintenancepainting ana
coating of strucnnal steel" decls, modules, production facilities, process
equipment,piping electricalequipmenginstnrmentation,flares and conductors.
Itilercs not apply to submarinepipelines, submergedequipmen! piping etc
belorv- 2.5 m of L.A.T. But is applicableto primary and secondaryroimJ.ged
structuralsteel. ..

The docurnent12-05/Brefers to paint, coating matcrials and testing all must

meetthe requirementslaid out in 12-06/8.

Documents Where conflict arisesbetweendocumEntsthe order of precedence

is asfollows,

1. Statutoryrequirements.
2. Therequisition/contract/projectspecification.
3. CP-C-155
4. Otherreferencesstandardsand codes.

Inqpectorsshould refer to British Gas in the e\rcnt of discreparry

i ) interpretation.

28
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The conhactor must verify that all paint and coating materials
have been
suppliedby one approvedvendor. The vendormust *pity,rp to date
dataand
product safetysheetsprior to painting/coating.

Thinner-s of a quality and quantity recommend.ed

by the manufactuer may be
usedonly, and only underBritish Gas supendsion.

Equipr.nentFor blast cleaningmust meet the samerequireme,nts

as for onshore
work

Scaffoldine Must be left in position for accessand signedoffas

safeby geen
tag everysevendays.

I EquipmentProtectionandMasking Sameas for onshorework and will

include
valve spindles, glass, machinery cables, stainless steel pipeworlg gratings,
contol desksand panels,exposedthreads etc, plus -y otl"t items oit
U"iog
preparedandpaintedat that time.

Cleaningue As for onshorework plus facilities for collcction and disposal

of
wasteasthis is not allowedto be dumpedat sea.

SurfacePreparation Dry Abrasive Blastine is preferre4 other methodsby the

approvalof British Gas.

r All blastcleaningcarriedout to BS 2079(05-59-00)

* Minimum blast cleaninggradeS.A. Z llz
GradeSA3 requiredduring constnrctionfor internal srrfacesof
diesel,potablewater and seawater storagetanks,and for the
internal coatingson production caissons.
* Arnplituderangeof 50 - 25 psr rurlessotherwisespecified.
+ Blast cleaningshall overlap existing coatingsby 50 rnm in order
to providea key.

29
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WET BLAST CLEANING

when British GasqpeciS the use of wet blast cleaningthe following

ap,plies:
'** 8. Motive pow€rmust be pnermraticorhydra'lic only.

b' Blast cleaningequipmentmust incorporatea water storage

tank
which can be continuously 4gitatedby mechanicalmeani.

Pressruevesselsmust be acco'mpanied
by crrrrenttestcertificates.
d. The equipmentmust include an inline flow meterto measurefire
rate of delivery of the water to the blast nozzle, a meansof
llnitoring the total amountof water transfeiredand a valve to
allow rapid flushing of the tanl$.

water usagemust not exceed3 litres per minute but shall be at

least0.5 litre per minute.

Theremustbe a company approvedrine communicationfacility

betweenthe plant operatorandwet blast operative.

The areato be blast cleanedmust be solventwashedby an

approvedtechniquebefore blast cleaningcornmences.

h. AII areaslikely to be affectedby the impingementof water and

ab-14sive
must be securelymaskedand water and abraiive must be
containedto stop contaminationat other areas.

l. Two surfacesmust be availabls so that one surfacecanbe blast

cleanedwhile the other is painted. Eachareamust be completely
screenedfrom the pladorm and eachother.

J. The surfaceappearancemust be equivalentto the requiredvisual

standardsfrom BS 7079, as detailedin the relevantappendix.

knmediatelyon completionof blast cleaningand in any case

within t hour the surfacemustbe pressurewashedwith fresh
potablewater, palng particular attentionto crevices.

30
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TWI

l. The zurfacesmust then be dried with a cleansqueegeeand then

blown dry with clean compressedair at a deliveryn1t less than
100p.s-i.,againpayng particurarattentionto crevices.(This
may not be necessar5rwhen using moisturetolerant-coabngs).

m. Immediatelyon completion of the drying processthe surface

must be inspectedby a company representative.If approved,
an approvedprirner must be applied.

n. Water lancesmust be a minimum I m in length.

NB. Becausethis specificationdoesnot approvethe use of

inhibitors, slight surfacediscolorationis allowable. The
primersusedmust only replacethosespecifiedin the relevant
appendiceswherewet blast cleaninghasbeenapprovedby the
Company.

SURFACE DEFECTS

Sameas for onshoreworlc

Finish blast cleaningresEictionsmay not be carried out when surfacesare less

than 3oCabovethe dew point or when the RH is abovegsyo.

B-!-"tti"gcleaninpmaybe permittedat night providingtnr f;ffiUtffilr it

carriedout in daylight. In this situationBritish Gasmay acceptthe surface
beingcleanedto be lessthan3"C abovethe dew point.

POWER TOOL CLEAI\ING

Powertool cleaningis specifiedmainly for maintenance

andrepairwork this is
to standardST3. Qlsaningto ST3 may also be specifiedwhere the work
locationdoesnot allow blasting.

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)

POWERIMPACT TOOLS

May be usedon weld areasif accesspreventspower disc use,this must be

followed by brush cleaningto a cleanlinessagreedwith British Gas,(vibratory
')
or rotalf,hgqlsefs, n:glle_glms,:hi*.1Q.

POWERTOOL CLEAI{ING

Must overlapexistingcoatingsby at least50 mm.

32
 T.wr
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\

't COATING APPLICATION

AIRLESSSPRAY
\I

To be usedunlessotherwiseqpecified.
, )
STRIPECOATING
'
Carried out to corners, edges,welds, nuts and bolts, brackets etc to
ensure
minimumD.F.T. to theseireas.
!

MDilNG OF PAINTS
j
Sameas for onshoreworlq coatings wtich have heavy or metallic pigments
shall be kept in suspensionby a mechanicalstirrer.
I

)
When surfacesarelessthan3"C abovethe D.p.
WhenR.H. is above90olo
'i
When air temperatureis below 5"C or when there is a likelihood of an adverse
change in weather within two hours or application urtich would result in
) 4eterioration of the above conditions o, result in wetnessof any sort being
'
depositedon the surface.
I
COATINGS MUST NOT BE APPLIED
i
'
To s'rfaceswhich exceed30oc at the time of coating.

] MOISTTIRE TOLERANT COATINGS

I British Gasmay relax the aboveconditions.

coATINcS MUST NOT

I
Cometo within 50 mm of weld preparations.
)
BOST]NSCIIAIR OR SPIDER CAGE

It is not permittedto apply spraypaints from these.

I

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DRYING/CT]RING

Periods between successive coats

$all comply with the manufact'rers
instructions,taking into accountprevailing environienal conditions.
DUST FREE

All surfacesmust be dust and contarninationfree before

coating this is carried
out by blastingwith cleandry air or by using inaust iar
*.*r--.1.**.

It

34
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)
SPRAY APPLICATION

) POTS AIYD LINES

) Prior to use theseshall be cleanedusing the paint manufacturersrecommended

cleaner.
)
THE SPRAY GT'N

I * Shall be held at between450 mm and 600 mn from the surface

and at right anglesto fte surface.
I
* Parallelnon arcingpassesshall be madewhen applyingthe
material.
)
't Each spraypassshall overlapthe previouspassby 50%
.l i
* Large surfacesshall atrvaysrecdiveone horizontal and one
l verticalpass.
:t I
The gun andorherpressue regulationsshaltbe adjustedto
give an acceptablesprayfan pattern

,
+ A completerangeof tip sizestogetrer with varying spray
anglesshallbe available.
j * Application pressuresmust cornply with the paint manufacturers
instructions.
l
Each coat shouldbe appliedrmiformly, free from hotidaysand all runs and sags
I shall be brushedout immediatelv.

'l

35
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I BRUSE APPLICATION

I
* Brush applicationcan be carried out with the prior permissionof British
Gasto areaswhich cnnnotbe sprayed.
)
* hl the brushingof solventbasedcoatingscaremust be taken so that no
I lifting or degradationof fonner coatsoccurs.
:r Surfacesnot accessibleto brush painting shall be paintedby other
)
suitablemeansensruinga rmiform fihn of adequatethickness.
i

) * Thefinishednrrfacemustbe free from'runs,sagsetc,andthecoating

mustbethoroughlybrushedinto crevicegcornersetc.

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INSPECTION

The contractor is responsible for undertaking all inspection and testing

required,andto recordthesefully.

The contractormust maintain a daily log ftroughout the work programmeand

must containdetailsof:
i
I WeatherConditions i
, \ Air Humidity, Air, Steeland Dewpoint Temperatures
( J Particularsof Applications:-
*,*d / eg.Blast Cleaning
^N \ Number of Coats
S. ' / W.t and Dry FiIm Thichesses
N { Anomalics
\ Work ProgressVerzusAgreed Progress

The log shouldbe signedoff by the appropriatequality control or British Cras

personnelto indicatesatisfactorycompletionofthe work.

Persorrnelinvolved in the supervision of coating processesand the inspection

of coatings shall be qualified in ssseldrnss with the INSTITUTE OF
CORROSIONstandards(Not Operated)

British Gashas the right to inspect the contractorstoolg materials,stagingand

scaffoldin& preparation/applicationand testing equipmen! and the right to
remove,replaceor rectif any items which do not meet the required sandards.
ln addition they havethe right to inspecteachpreparation,painting and coating
application. Where this right is exercisedsubsequentwork shall not proceed
without permission.

British Gashavethe right to condemnany srface preparationor coatingwhich

fails to meetset standards.

Each coatingmust be inspectedand subsequantcoatsmust not be appliedrurtit

permissionis givenby the British Gasinspector.

37
 TWI
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againstBS 7079(05-59-00).
SURFACE CT,EAI{LINESS may be assessed
i
Small steelreferencepanelsshould be prepareddaily to the cleaning standard
and amplitude for the specification. ilhese should be used as a visual
compirator. for cleanliness and as a. means of calibrating instnrments for
arnplitudemeasruement. .

The surfaceanrplitudeis measuredby direct assessment

of replicastaken from
the surface(Testextapewith dial micrometer).

RELATTVE HTIMIDITY - DE'IWFOINT MEAST]REMENT

A psychrometershall be used to measure the relative humidity before and

during blast cleaningandpainting.

rILM THTCT<I\TESS
MEASpREMENT

Wet film thiclness shattbe determinedin randomtests as an indication of the

P_!,T, except in the case of MIO systemswhere it is part of the control
procedure
I
D.F.T. of indivirluat coatsandthe total coatingsystemshall be checkedagainst
I i
ttre specifi cationrequirernents.
I

f \Destnrctive thicknesstesting may be required particularly where maintenance

) lpainting is carriedout overexistingqlstems.

HOLIDAY DETECTION
)

Caried out as requiredby British Gas to an approvedprocedrne. The voltage

i applied will be that specified by the manufacturer. t00oh holiday detection
-"st be carried out on *re high build coatingsappliedto the submergedzone,
I
splashzone, atrrosphericzone and conductors,and any defectsfound must be
marked"repairedand retested. Typical voltages- 5 volts per micron, 5 KV per
mm.
I

38
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ADIIESION

Adhesiontestingwhererequiredshall be undertakenby an approvedmethod.

REPAIR OF REJECTED WORK

Damageto paintwork incurred at any stage of transit or installatio4 including

site welding operations,shall be preparedto the original qualrty and recoating
caried out in line with the appropriatespecification.

Preparationshall extend 50 mm on to the sound paintvrork with 25 mrn of

sornd paintrvorkbeing lightly abradedto feather the region. Repainting shall
then cover the area" extending 50 mm on to the adjoining prepared paint
surface.

Prior to the application of each coat, all damagedor rejected previous coats
shallbe repaired.

I
British Gasmay direct that blast cleaning is not carriedout and that the surface
is preparedby handor power tool clearring chipping or wet blasting.

INADEOUATE COATING THICKIVESS

Areas shall be thoroughlycleanedand abradedif necessary.Additional coats

then applieduntil they meetthe requiredspecification.Thesecoatsrnustblend
in with the final coatingon adjoiningareas.

CONTAMINATED STJRFACT,S

Surfacesto be overcoatedshould be cleanedwift an approvedsolvent where

contaminated,followed by wastringof the whole surfaccwith a liquid detergent
in fresh water (Tepol, Iizm, Citrocle-ne)and then rinsedwith fresh water.

COATING DAMAGE NOT E)(POSING STEEL ST'BSTRATTE

The coatingaroundthe damagedareazuitably cleanedand chamferedto ensre

patch coating is continuous. The coating systemthen applied as required to
build up to the requiredspecificationthickness.

39
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COATING DAMAGE E}(FOSING STEEL SI'BSTRATE

The damagedareare-cleanedto the original specifiedstanrlardfor ftat surface,

followed by priming with the specified coating. The re-cleaningshall extend
50 mm on to the soundpaintrvork The reurainingcoatsappliedto build up to
the specified thicknessshall extend 5O mm on to the soundpainrwork. (The
edgesof the damagedareato be feathered)

, )

40
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SELECTTONOF COATINGS

Coating systemsfor offshorework are selectedon the basisof the location of

r the work to be calried ou! the nature of the subslrate,the temperatureat which
the componentoperatesandin the caseof tanks etc., what they contain.
' Coatingswith (volatile organic compormd) reduction are being denelopedby
the paint induslry. This meansin generalterms that the new coatingsare water
) based. Th"y will play an ever increasing role in paint usagein the ssming
years, as they have the advantageof health and safety considerationsand are
, kinder to the environment.

The contractorshall ensurethat fte paint manufacturerprovidesa technical and

I safetyspecificationwhich addresses the following.

) * Paint systexntlpe of classification.

* ComPositioaof the Products.

Test mefiods and resultswhich prove the suitability of the

I soatingin termsof the senriceenvironmentand designlife
of ttre substrateto be treated.
'
* PreviousrelevantexPerience.
) 1 Subsratepreparation,coating application,and drying curing
and overcoatingProcedures.
:
* Health and safetyinfornation to be operatedduring application
of the coatingsystem.
)

SAFETY WITH COATINGS

The painmakers associationsdocument- PersonnelProtection Advice for the

Use of Marine Paints and Comnositionsmust be compliedwith.

41
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1 ANTI FOULING
, )

The length of life of a paint qystemand in somelocationsits successfuI

cleaningcanbebadlyaffectedby foulants.

Theseinclude:

a. Animals - Tubewonns, barnaclegbryozoans.

b. Plants - Greenalgae,brown algae.
c. Micro-organisms- Bacteri4 diatoms.
l
Anti-fouling paints are applied on the top of the coating systemapptiedin the
submergedzoneand splashzone where foulants are a problem. A tie-coat may
!' be required dependingon the system used. Anti-foulant paints contain toxic
substanceswhich kill the spores or larvae of the foulants or retard their
developmentwhen they approachor land on the paint's surface. This only
takes place if the foulant is exposed to tre right concentrationof toxic
componentat the right time in the foulant's development.

!99r9us o-Ii* is toxic to a wide range of foulants and hasbeenwidely usedin

inii-foulant paints and still is, although modern day anti-foulants are more
likely to contain of&?gg!g-so-spoun!.F.These are very toxic and restrictions
may apply in treir use. The use of Eercury, arsenicand lead as toxic agentsis
severelyrestricted.

There are four main tlpes of anti-foulants:

Conventional or soluble mattrix type - the binder is water

soluble. This type has a rosin resin binder uihich dissolvesand
allows the toxic bioactive material,usually cuprousoxide, to
escape.If thesecoatingsare exposedto the atnospherethey
tendto crack.

b. Contact or insoluble mattrix fype - the binder is insolublein

water and containsa toxic bioactivematerial uzually cuprous
oxide, in high concentration. A high concentation is necessary
in orderto alwayshavetoxic material at the surface. The
bioactivematerialleachesout and dissolvesto leavean empty
porousmattrix like a honeycombstructure. A non-convertible
binder is usedwith somerosin resin.

42
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c. Diffirsion type - this tlpe usesa chlorinatedrubber,acrylic or

rioyl binder in solution with organotin. The toxic organotin
diffirsesout.

d. wash-offor self polishing type - organotinis copolymerized

with an acrylic binder. Erosion is requiredin ordir for this
systemto worlc,i.e. the surfaceof the toxic coatingwashesoff.
This type of anti-foulant is the most commonnowadav'sfor
offshoreapplicationsbut is expensive.

Anti-foulant coatingstpically last for up to l0 years dependingon type of

anti-foulant and environmentto which it is exposed. Major influences for
durability and effectivenessare the temperature,pll and salinity of the water
and erosion factors. Anti-foulants are easy to apply and maintaiq but health
precautionsmustbe adheredto.

Many foulants are over pigmented which glves rise to binder breakdown
resultingin the toxic substances
it containsbeing releasedto the closevicinity.

Where disbondmentof the coating occursit is usually due to a dirty or rmclean

t
substrate.

43
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OUALITY ASSTL,RANCE

The contractormustmaintainan effective quality and inspectionsystem. These

must comply with the appropriateparts of BS 5750. British Gas wilt assess
suchquality systemsby the contractor submlttingto-Fritish Gasa Oualitv plan
which indicates the verification activities and certification actionsused in the
performanceof the worlg and also includes the activities of sub-contractors
employedby the main contractor

- The agreed quality plan must be formally issued and used to control the
inspectionand testingaspectsof the work.

M
 T\MI
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cP-c-l5s
PROPERTTES
AND PERFORMANCEOF PAINTSAND COAIINGS

Thepaintmanufactwershalldeclarevaluesof the followingpropertiesof their

paintsmakingsruethattheyfall within agreedlimits for:-

Volume solids I
Viscosity z
Densityglr.l
Specificgavity /
Pigmentdispersion ,
Surfacedrying time/temperature
Hard drying time/temperature
Sagresistance.
Flashpoint
Percentage gloss(finish coatonly) \r{
Pigment/binder(volatite ratios)
OvercoatingtimeVtemperature
Moisnrretolerance -
Mi*it g ratios (2 Pk) by weight andvolume
Pot life (time and temperature)
Shelf life stability

This information shall be agreed with quality assuranceand made available to

the painting contractor.

45
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PERF9RMANcErEsrrNG
,$/
I / r"iot systemsotre1edfor the protegtiol ofihe topside, atrrospheric,
-- splashand
submergedzonesshall be evaluateduslng the fouowing tests.r

TOPSIDE ZOIYE SYSTEMS

IMTIAL ADMSION TEST

(BS 3900Part 10,pull of testfor adhesion).

Intercoatadhesionshall be in excessof 250 psi.
Cohesiveadhesionshallbe in excessof 200 psi
Crosscut testingshall alsobe carriedout.

(BS 3900part F4 resistanceto continuoussalt sprdy).

Results shall be reported after 100o, zoao ana-:ooO hours
exposure
-r with
particular referencebeingmadeto blistering and undercuttine.

PROIIESION TESTING

Panelsof the paint systsmshatl be submergedto orposrre in a prohesion

test
cabinetcycling betweenI hour salt spray and t horu drying at 33.. prohesion
test resultsshall be reportedafter 1000, 2oooand 3006 h6urs with particular
referencebeingmadeto blisterineand'ndercuttine.

Resistanceto weatheringshall be assessedby using rhe thrpetestslisted below:

a- BS 3900 PartF3 "Reglgsce to Artificial weathering"

(Enclosedcarbonarc

b. A.S.T-M.G.53 - 84 usinga continuousuv cycleproduced

by UVA tubeswavelengthrange315 - 400 nm operating
at a cabinettemperatureof 50"C.

c. A.S.T.M.G.53 - 84 asfor the prwious testb't usingtr\IB

tubeswith a wavelengthof 270 - 315nm.

Resultsshall be reportedafter 500, 1000,2000 and 3000hours,widh particular

emphasison colour chanqe.loss of doss. chalkingor crazinsof the paint fitm.

46
 TWI
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RESISTANCETO MOISTT]REPERMEABILITY

BS 3900.Part F2

AT 50"C.

Resultsshall be repbrtedat 1000, 2000 and 3000 hours and at l, 4 and 12

weeksrespectivelywith particular referenceto blisterins" softenins and loss of
adhesionor cohesionwithin the paint layers.

RESISTANCE TO COLD CHECK TESTING

Shatlbe assessedby zubjectingcoatedpanelsto a repeatedrycle of 8 hours at

35"c and 16 hoursat -10"c. Resultsshall be reportedat l, 5, l0 and z0 cycle
intervals. Acceptablepaint systernsshall exhibit no significant crackinel loss
of adhesion,delaminationor other associateddegradationafter20 cycles.

RESISTANCE TO EITTVIROI\MEI\TIAL CYCLING

r !
Shallbe assesscdby subjectingcoatedpanelsto a repeatedrycle of 24hours at
ZCJC,7dayshumidity(BS 3900ParrF2)
7 dayshunidity (BS 3900PartF2)
24 horusat -10"C
24 hoursat 35"C

Resultsshall be reportedat 1, 5, l0 and 20 cycle intervalsacceptablepaint

systemsshall exhibit no significant cracking loss of adhesion delarrination or
otherassociateddegradationafter 20 cycles.

RESISTANCE TO NATT]RAL WEATEERING

Testingshall be carriedout accordingto BS AU148 Part 14 wherepossibleat

an offshore weathering site. Results shall be reported at monthly interyals.
Acceptable paint qystems shall g.re good perfornance after 12 months
exposureand showno significant changein appearanceor other deterioration-

47
TWI

ATMOSPHERICZONE SYSTEMS

Thefollowingtestsareasfor theprwious two pageson topsidezonesystems.

I
D I Initial adhesiontest
- \\ Resistance
to salt spray
\r') Prohesiontesting
1 Resistanceto cold checkcycling
U Resistance
to environmentalcycling

In addition Resistanceto fmact Damase Which shatlbe assessed

accordingto ASTM 14-77 using a punchhamrnertype indentor,
- whichwillaccomodatea l4.3mndianeterballbearing andbe
equippedwith a minimum impact weight of I Kg. Minimum
impactvaluesshall be specifiedby the paint manufacturer.
Acceptancecoatingsshall not exhibit any excessivedisbonding
around1fosimFactarea. Impact areasshall be testedfor faihne
usinga holidaydetectorset a@)voltage of 125v per 25 um of
coatingthickness(this thickniss relatesto coatingbefore inrpact
damage)andis measuredusing an approvedthicknessgauge.

48
I
TWI

SPLASII AI{D SUBMERGEDZONE SYSTEMS

Thefollowingtestsareasfor the topsideandatmospheric

zoneqystems.

Initial adhesiontest
Resistanceto moisturepermeability
Resistanceto impact darrrage
Resistanceto salt spray
Prohesiontesting
Resistanceto cold checkcycling
Resistanceto environmentalcycling

In addition Determinationof the Abilitv of Coatinesto Curc Underreter

Whererequiredcoatingsmust havethe ability to achievea
satisfactorycure underwater. Testingfor this requiresa
refrigerationglasstank tlpically 600 rlm x 300 mm ; IJQ rrrm
which is capableof maintainingthe solution at a temperatureof
5'C t 2"C. A 37osolutionof sodiumchloridein distilledwater
will producean artificial seawaterzuitable. Properlyprepared
and coatedpanelsare then suspendedhalf way in the solution
within 10 minutesof the coatingbeing applied. Assesmrents
arethenmadefrom BS 3900 Part C2 (surfacedrying test) and
BS 3900Part C3 (hard drying tesQusing continuousmonitoring
to determinethe results.

Resistanceto tidal mo6on

Using a tidal simulatorthe test panelsarepositionedto where l/4
of the panelis immersed. After 6 hoursthe crankimmerses3/4
of the test panel andthen returnsto Ll4 of the panelbeing
) immersedafter 12 hotus. Two completecycles(24 hours)are
carriedout. At the end of the test removethe panelsand
examinevisually.
Note the time from the start of flre test when the film becomes
resistantto delaminationandridge splitting.

The drying paint fihn shall resist delminatio'n, showlesslhan

20% thinning due to ridge formation and exhibit no porosity
within the curedpaint sYstem.

49
] TWI
W7

neSstanceto Catn
Thereare two tjpes of test namelystatic and cyclic which are
usedto assesthe comparativeresistanceof coatingsin a damaged
conditionto lossof adhesionandblisteringwhenexposedto .
cathodicprotebtion- The testingprocedurerelatesciosely to
that describedin BS 3900 ParrFlO 1985(caftodic Disbonding
Marine). %

Seehandoutfor finther details of equipnent and testing

procedrues.

50
TWI
w07

cathodic protectionis only applied to the urbmergedzone of an offshore

stucture. #

The corrosionrate is very low on intqnal sectionsof submerged

sectionsif theseare sealedfrom the atuosphereand seawater. If
internalsectionsarefloodedC.p. is usuallyapplied.

In closedflooded comparfiients bacteriacould be a problern,the

applicationof c.P. raisingP.H. or usingbacteri-cideswill eliminate
the problem.

Silver - silver chloride or calomel rcfer€nceeledrodesare usedoffshore.

9f!%...ference electrodesare not stablefor prolongedinmersion. A
p.gtentialreadingof at least-0.80 v is tlryically requirid from silver -
silver chlorideelectrodes,and 0.78V from a calomil referenceelectrode.

Referenceeleclrodesmay be lowered over tre sideand to differing

specified depths,but closeto the platform asis practicableto reduie
IR drops andbe remotefrom the anodes.

Divers or remotecontrolledvehicles (RC.v.'s) and guidewires may

also be usedto positionreferenceelectrodes.

Permanentreferenceelectrodescan be use4 butfiey arc relatirrconly

to that area.

Stormwavesor strongtidescanproducehigh watervelocitieswhich cm

depolarisethe platform.

Higli water levelswill requirernore current.

Very negativepotentialscan acceleratefatigue cracks.

Alloy compositionof Al or 7-nanodesis critical.

One major considerationfor an impressedcurent systemis the

availability of electricalpower. Powermay not be installedfor weeksor
months on a new platforrn"thereforeshortterm galvanicanodesor
temporarypower for an impressedcurrent systemmay be used.

Very thick coatingsor dielectric shieldsmay be usedwhere anodesare

closeor attachedto a coatedstnrcture.

5t
. TWI
' wo7
l

PREPARATION OF STEEL TEST PAI{EL SUBSTRATES

PREPARATION OF DRY GRIT BLASIED SUBSTRATES

Steel panels free of oil and grease shall be preparedby dry abrasive blast
cleaning to achieve a BS 7079, Sa3 quallty and maximum averagepeak to
trough height of 50 - 75 microns. All dust shall be removedfrom thC panels
prior to coatingusinga stiffbristled brush.

PREPARATION OFWET GRIT BLASTED SUBSTRATES

Steelpanels'shallbe preparedto Sa3finish as describedabove. Before coating

panels shall be immersedin tap water, immediately remove4 and allowed to
drain for 2 - 3 minutes. The surface producedshall be damp but not running
with water and may show slight flash nrsting before application of the first
coat of paint.

PIIEPARAfiON OF RUST HAI{DAMCHAMCALLY CLEANEI)

SUBSTRATES

Steelpanelsshallbe preparedto the BS 7079Sa3quality asdescribed

After blast cleaning panels shall be naturally weathered according to BS
14 for a period of 2 to 3 months!o produce a surfacewhich is
lv pi equivalent to BS 7079 rust grade
C. Prior to coating panelsshall be hand or power wire brushedto achievea
CSt3finish.

PREPARATION OF WET SALT COI{TAMINATED ST'BSTRATES

Steelpanelsphallbe preparedby the SwedishSa3finish as described

Before coating panelsshall'beimmersedn a 3Yosolutionof sodiumchloride,
immediately removedand allowed to drain for 2 to 3 minutes. The surface
produced small be dampbut not rturning with water any may show slight flash
rusting before applicationof the first coat of paint.

These salt contaminatedtest panels are for use in euluating coating EateNns
ft. "t"qtptt.tic- tptgshand zonesand are usedas a comparator
P: againstthe test pairelsdescribedat the top
tor levels ot acceptablepertom
of this page.

52
 TWI
.,WCJ

COATII.{GSYSTEMSFOR SI]BMERGEDZONE

SCOPE

Anti corrosion system fron -2.5 m L.A.T. (allowing 150 mm overlap) to

seabed. Anti-fouling systemapplied between+8 m L.A.T. and the siabed
I includingpart of ttre splashzone.

EXCLUSIONS

- l
Anti corrosionsystems- Non zubmergedareas,risetrs,conductorsandJ hrbes.
Anti fouling systems- J tubes above - 2.s m of L.A.T., risers, temporary
sttachments-andareaswhere alternative anti fouling systemsor claddinghave
beenspecified.

) SurfacePreparation- Minimun SA2Yz at the time of coating

Primer - Epo:'y 30 pm min DFT

Finish - Coal tar epoxy 150 p:n min DFT-2 coats

Anti Fouling - 3 or 4 coats compatible system Total DFT 300 pm

Note. Tie coat to be appliedbetwqanfinish and anti-fouline coats.

For offshore maintenancework the above qystem applies but is zubject to

I agreementwith British Gas.

Where maintenanceis carried out high pressnre water jetting is usually

i specifiedfor preparationandbefore a new anti fouling systemis appliedit must
be certainthat the anti corrosionsystemis completeand continuous.

Note For any repair or maintenanceoffshore a suitablesystemmust be agreed

with British Gas. This must ensure the coating system is complete and
continuousbefore anti fouling is applied.

53
 TWI
'w 1f
j

SCOPE

As in the title, and including appurtenancesin the splash zone where

no
elastomericcoatingis specified.

EXCLLTSIONS

All otherareas,J Tubes,Risers.

Minimum SA2% at the time of

P-ttt gf the splashzone will have an anti-fouling systemapplied on top of the

abrasionresistantcoating. This will be applied or, " fie Coat as specified
previouslyor over a surfacewhich has been"Sweep"blastcleaned.

Note Blast cleanitg may not always be possiblein the maintenancemode

offshore. Surfacepreparationin this casewill be to a minimrrmstandardof
ST3,to the discretionof the companyinspector.In this casea tlpical D.F.T. of
400 pm for the qystemshallbe achieved.

Note This systemis in addition to the two shownon the revision chart for the
splashzone.

54
 TWI
'w1f

COATING SYSTEMS FOR ATMOSPIMRIC ZONE

DURING CONSIRUCTION

SCOPE As statedin the title except where area is fireproofed. The coating
shallextend150mm on to the splashzoneprotection.

SurfacePreparation Minimnm SA2% at the "ne of coatine

Primer Zinc Rich Epo;ry
Tie Coat tpoxy
lst Coat Coal Tar Eponr or Hid Build Epoxv
2nd Coat Coal Tar Epoxy or Hieh Build Epoxv
3rd Coat CoaITar Epoxy or Hieh Build Eooxr
Typical 500
D.F.T. trm

'cleaning
For maintenance and rcpair onshore and offshore using blast
proceduresthe systemis the sameas above.

For rnaintenanceand repair onshoreand offshorc using mechanicalprocedures

a different primer is usedand thereforea tie coat is not required. This system
is setout below.

SurfacePreparation Minimm of ST 3 at the time of coatine

Primer High Solids Aluminirrm Epony
lst Coat Coal Tar Epoxv or Hish Build Eooxv
2nd Coat Coal Tar Epo:ry or Hieh Build Epo:rv
3rd Coat Coal Tar Epo:<yor Hieh Build Epo>rv
Tlpical 500
D.F.T. u.m

Note lst 2nd and3rd coatsshallbe of contrastingcolorus.

55
 'wor
. T"lryI

j coATrNG SYSTEMSFOR ATMOSPHERTC

ZON'E

COATING SYSTEMFORITNpERSTpEOF CELLAR pECK pURING

l MAINTEI{A|ICE Ar\D REPAIR WORr( OFFSHORE USrNG BLAST
CLEANING PROCEDURES
)
scoPE '
'
I
As stated in the title except where area is fireproofe4 the coating system
'
should extend 150 mm on the splash zone protection. Risers and J Tubes
t abovethe neopreneprotection.

i EXCLUSIONS

'i Secondarypipework below the cellar deck suchas drains,air lines, etc.

SurfacePreparation Minimum SA2% atthe time of coating

Primer Zinc Rich Epo:ry
Eporq/ Tie Coat
lst Coat Coal Tar Epoxy or Hieh Build Epoxv
2nd Coat Coal Tar Eporq/ or High Build Epoxtr
Twical D.F.T. 500um

As abovebut using mechanicalcleaningprocedures.

SurfacePreparation Minimum ST3 at the time of coating

Prirner Hish Solids Aluminium Epoxy
lst Coat Coal Tar Epoxy or Hieh Build Epo>ry
2nd Coat Coal Tar Epor<vor Hiph Build Epoxy
Twical D.F.T. 500 um

Note A differentprimer is usedwhen mechanicalcleeningprocedrnesffe

employed,thereforeno Tie Coatis required.

56
 . t

I
TWI
]
w07
l

,I
SurfacePreparation \fisiprrm SA 3 at the time of coating
Primer lngnorance Zrnc Silicate 60 pm
Finish Modified Aluminium Silicone 20 um
Typical 80 prn
I D.F.T

- t

NOTE For temperatures

35I"c to 550"c the temperature
toleranceof the
aluminiumsealermustbe checked.
,|

j
I

57
 TWI
,Wilf

COATING SYSTEMS FOR TOPSIDE ZON'E

SCOPE

Structual steel,decks(not coveredby screedqystem),pipework,nessels,tanlcs,

ductwork and fittings which operate up to 100"c (continuous dry service
temperature).

EXCLUSIONS

Wallcrrays,decks(screedcovered),rmdersideof cellar decks,intemal sgrfaces

of tanksandvessels,corrosionresistantmaterials.

SurfacePreparation MinimumSA2%at the t''ne of coatine

Primer Zinc Rich Epoxr
Tie Coat Epoxy '
lst Coat EpoxyM.I.O. Pipented
2nd Coat EporyHish Build
Finish Coat UrethaneAcrvlic '
Tlpical D.F.T. of systernbeforefinish
coat 325 um

Note Finish coat to be appliedto manufacturrrsrecoulmendedD.F.T.

* First.andsecondcoatshall be of contrastingand neutralcoloirs.

* secondcoat shall be compatibleforfinish coatto achievegoodopacity.
* Coatingappliedin accordancewith the appropriatecolour schedules.
:t
Finish coatmay be omittedwhereinsulation is to be used.

58
. ) TWI
WCT

COATING SYSTEMS FOR TOPSIDE ZOIVE

COATING SYSTEMFOR TOPSIDE FACILITIES APPLTEDDURING

REPAIR
USING MECHAMCAL CLEAI\ING PROCEDT]RES

SCOPE

Stmctural steef decks(not coveredby screedsystem),pipeworlg vesselgtanks,

ductwork and fittings which operate up to 100'C (continuous dry service
temperature).

EXCLUSIONS

Wallorays, decks(screedcovered),undersideof cellar decks,internd surfaces

of tanksandvessels,corrosion
,-.t
I

Surface Preparation Minidum ST3 at the time of coatine

Primer Hieh,Epoxv Aluminiun
lst Coat Epoxy,M.I.O. Piprnented
2nd Coat EpoxyHis& Build
Finish Coat UrethaneAcrvlic
Typical D.F.T. of system before
finish coat 300 um

Note Tie Coatnot required.

* First and second coat shall be of contrasting and neutral colours.

' )
* Second coat shall be compatible for finish coat to achieve good opacrty.
* Coating applied in accordance with the appropriate colour schedules.
* Finish coat mav be omitted where insulation is to be used.

59
-)TWI
wZr

LANDING AREA SI]RFACE

Shalthaveut overall coatingof non slip material and be colouredBS 4800

,14-C-3q

SurfacePreparation Min SA 2% DFT

Primer I x 2 PK Epoly (PolyanideCured) 35 um
Finish 1x 3 PK Epory (PolyamideCured)
and containing non sparking bauxite 500 um
Total 535 um

LAI\DING AREA MARKINGS

Perimeterof landing areato be clearly markedwith a white paintedband

300 mm wide.

OBSTACLE FREE SECTOR

Is indicatedby two black chewons. Thesechewonswill eachbe 1.0 m long

and 100mm wide andwill form an angleof 210". In the apexof the anglewill
be paintedin black lettersandfigures 100mm high the "ngle size2l0o andthe
helicopterD sizewhich is the overall size for the helicopter.

AIMING CIRCLE AI\D LETTER H

A yellow aiming circle 1.0 m wide will be painted on the helideckwith the
cente 8.25 m from the outboardedgeof the landing are4 the inner radius of
this circle will be 3.0 m and the outer radius4.0 m. A white letter H will be
painted centrally on the aiming circle so that the central horizontalbar of the H
is parallel to the bisectorof the 210" anglewhich indicatesthe obstaclefree
sector.

Letter H Dimensions- 4.0 m high * 3.0 m wide with vertical and horizontal
bars750mm wide.
Note All coatingsusedfor marking must be non skid.

60
 )

-;wzr
TWI

ALT'MINITIM ITELIDECK

OFFSIIORE MAINTENANCE

The preparationand painting system is the sameas on the previous page for
onshorenew construction. Two points howevermustbe made.

* Abrasiveusedmust be non metallic.

+ Successfultrack record of qystemon aluminiumis required.

6l
 )

'w
TWIo r

! D

I COATING SYS''IEM FOR DECK AREAS STBJECT TO III{JOR \TM.{R

APPLTED DURING CONSTRUCTION WORK
i
SurfacePreparation Min SA 2Yzatthe time of coating
Finish I Coat 3 PK Epory Copolymer
'
Screed. .,i{ 3 m m
Or PreformedTiles 4 rnm
l

) DECIC LIGIIT DUTY NON SLIP

SurfacePreparation Min SA ZYzatthe time of coating

l Finish I Coat 3 PK Epory Copollmrer
Screed. 2mm
I Or PreformedTiles 2nrrl'

)
OFFSHORE MAINTENANCE
HEA\ry DUTY
)

SurfacePreparation Min SA 2Yzat the time of coating

) Primer Zinc Rich 2 PK Epoxy I Coat 50 prn
Finish Sandfilled modified Epory Cladding
l Coverwith non sparkingaggregate
(Sweepaway excess) I Coat 3mm
Seal 2 PKEpoxy I Coat 50 um
)
DFT Total 3mn +
l00um
I
ALTERNATTVE Powertool cleaningto ST3 andnon skid tiles (3 mm)
l

LIGHT DUTY
l
SurfacePreparation Min SA 2Yzat the time of coating
Primer Zinc Rich Epoxy 1 Coat 50 Um
j
2 PK Epoxy + Non Sparking
Aggregate 1 Coat 250um
l TOTAIDFT 300 um

! NOTE bypowertoolsprimedwrthEporyAluminium ,1fr

ffprepared
j
l

i
 )

, T"lryI
wc7
I

STAII\LESS STEEL
)

l ,
)

,
Underinsulationto preventchlorideinstigatedcorrosion.
Protectionfromheat.
I
Othercontaminates whichwill inducecorrosion.

) EXCLUSIONS Surfacesoperatingabove100oC (Continuousdry service

temperatue). Copper-nickel,aluminiumand othernon-
ferrouscorrosion resistantmaterials.
)

AusteniticSS5l"C to 120"C SurfacePreparation SA2% equivalent

l Also up to 5l"C if under (@
insulation. Abrasive)
l Friner Red oxide2 PK
polyurethaneor 2PK 5Opm
Epoxy l Coat
)

M.I.O. 2 PK Epoxy 125pm

) I Coat

'i Acrylic modified2 PK 5Opm

Polyruethane I Coat
Total DFT 225um
)

)
Austenitic SSover I20"C SurfacePreparation SA2% equivalent
)
To manufactuers
instnrctions rnoreanic 2 coats at
i

l
/)

I {g\'.^nnnoJtrd^^-
)

w
ABf*^h"
TWI
wcr

where coatingis required for cosmeticand coloru coding

purposesonly. Eg. Fire Water Pipework

SurfacePreparation Degrease,Lightly Abrade, Wash with Min

freshwateranddry. DFT
Primer EtchPrimer
lst Coat Urethaneor Epory
TopCoat Urethaneor Epoxy 70 rrm
Total DFT JS um

NOTE Excludescopper-nickelsplashzone claddingon Jackets.

-
Etch primer is only necessaryon aluminium *rf"a.r.
)

64
 . ' TWI
wof

SCOPE

Instrumentsand associatedequipneng and appliedto manufabtrned

iterns such
as transmitters, control panels, and to rit fabricated
stands. Electrical
switchgearandpanels.

EXCLUSIONS

Self colouredplastic orplastic co,rnpormdcomponea$.

Alurrrinium surfaces. For aluminium surfaces refsr to

copper, nickel,
alurniniurn,etc., Data Sheet.

Note Items which are to be located io firlly enclosed environmentally

controlled areasmay, with the agreementof the company, be painted
to the
Vendor'sstandardwstem.

Minimum of ST3 at the time of

High Solids Epo:qy, Aluminium

Typical D.F.T. Before Application of

Finish Coat

' )

65
I

T"Wr
,'wcf
)

)
AIt gratings,ladders,c4ges,handrails and zupports,fenceg stairway gratings,
stairboards,walKways,
sxalrDoaros'walkways,kick plateq ductwork
loct( plateq ductwork and,gther
*aptner specified
specifieditems
items will
wilt be
tu
hot dip galvanisedin.comptance with Bw2g. ./ . ;- ^ ^&

)
I
Solid.gflHTd
r*P%*4
F
So|Id gatvamse(surfaces(not rungs, gratings,etc) shall be' overpainted
JI extend to
{1 extenc uerr
t - € -
their llte.
life.
a-'/-

small areasof galvanisedcoating'damagedby cutting welding, dri[ing or any

-rn"n
P-reparationduring fabrication, erection, tranqportationor iordihtioo, 'dnmaged
U.
thoroughly cleaned by an app:oved tgchnique, and the area of
galvanisingshall be mecha4icallycleaned. ;lhe areasso preparedshall then
be
renovatedin accordancewith this docurnent.'

Sainless steelwill not normally be painted. However,if for any reasonsuchas

chloride contamination,colour ssding or high temperatrueservicethis has to
be effecte4 then the systemsspecified shaflbi followed.

If for similar reasonsstatedabove,copper-nickelor ofter niclal alloys have to

be painted,thenthe qystemsspecifiedshallbe followed.

Care shall be takento elsre &at cop1rcr-nickelis not blast cleaned. Thorough
degreasingshall be undertaken.

66
 TWI
WO?

APPLIED DURING CONSTRUCTION WORK

EXCLUDING Gratingsandstairtreds.

SurfacePreparation !q-qt tool clean/degrease/wash

ChemicalEtch Mordant solutioh
Finish Acrylic-modified 2 PK
Polyrnethane2 Coats 50 rrm
I Thicknessexcludinggalvanising 100um

. J
As aboveput primed with bne coat zinc phosphateepoxy (60 rrm) and one coat
finish specifiedabove.
q

(CHLORINATED RI]BBER MAINTENANCE)

I

SurfacePreparation Blast/ToolClean/Degrease
Primer Zinc Phosphate/Chloror Acry Rubber 60 prr
Finish - l Coat
Chlor or Acry Rubber 75 um
Thicknessexcluding galvaniSins 135um

67
i

TWI
VIOT

SurfacePreparation tv[inimumSA2% at the time of coating

Coating 1, 2 or 3 CoatsHigh Build EporV Urethane
Tie Coat According to Paint Manufacturer 2md
Anti Fouline 3 or-4 coatscompatiblesystem
flryical 2 m m .
D.F.T.
Note: l2-A6/AStates2 rnm DFT. CP-C-155states3 rnmDFT.

AI/TERI{ATT\aE COATIN G

MinimumSa2%atthe t''neof

3 CoatsEpo>ryCoal Tar ate00

Note lst and Epoxy Coal Tar Black, Coat.Brown-

ANTI.FOULING SYSTEM

Anti-fouling systemto be applied over all coated conductorsbetween+8 m

LAT and seabed. Offshorecoatingof connectorsis not required. A tie-coat
under the anti-fonliog system is require4 as recommendedby ttre coating
manufacturer.

Notes

Mixing of materialsshall be undertakenin compliancewith the manufacturer's

instnrctions.
Materials shall be appliedin compliancewith the manufactrner'sinstnrctions.
A11coatedconductorsshallbe 100%holidaydetected.
Where it is consideredimp'racticableto coat the joints with the Urethane
systemthen the Companymay allow the use of an agreedqpgg!!'ea1!j!lnk
wrap-aroundwstem.
-

68
. TWI
'wcl

INTERNAL COATINGS

SCOPE Theabo'e components includingall structuralsteelwork,

stiffeners,
piping,etc.

EXCLUSIONS Int€rnalsrfaces of anks ulhereanytringotherthan

dieselfuel, seawateror potablewateris held.

Min SA3 at the time of

Primer
lst Coat Epo:ry2 PK High Build z
2 nd Coat Epoxy2 PK High Buil&
3 rd Coat Epory2 PK HiehBuild /

INTERNAL COATINGS

The same system, is applied as for new constnrction work except surface
preparation is blast cleaningto SA Zvz ormechanical cleaning to ST
3.

NOTE tvte6hanicalcleaningmust tf rcpt to an absoluteminimum.

NOTE The systemmustcomply with BS fq^O andmeetwaterbyelaws

advisorycouncil requirements. The tank cleaningprbcedgreshall
meetthe requirementsof the H.S.E.

69
 TWI

, NS APPLIED
WORK
)
SCOPE As statedin title. -

i EXCLUSIONS All other areas.-

j SurfacePreparation Min SA3 atthe time of coatine r

Primer..
BaseCoat PolyesterGlassFlake System
l
Finish TrryicalDFT-2mm
l
i
l 9'S.CRUpE
SrOneGn
rnrvr<rr,ooJ,c r.su or raxr surr,r,
AI\{D ROOF SPACE FOR.FD(ED ROOF TAhIKS
I
SurfacePreparation Min SA 3 at the time of coating
Primer Red"Oxide2 PK Epoxy 1 Coat 50 1rrn
) Finish 2 PK Epoxy Coal Tar 3 CoatX 125rrm
TrryicalD.F.T. 425 um
I
Note - 2 PK Epoxy as an altemativeto Epory Coal Tar.

Note - Includesroof and all fittings down to 1.5 m below top of upper shell
strake.
I

C.S. BALLAST. CIIEN{ICAL. SLOPS.RAW WATER

I

Surface Min SA 3 at the time of coating

I
Primer Red Oxide 2 PK I Coat
Finish Epo*y Coal Tar 3 Coats

Note - 2 PK Epoxy as an alternativeto Epoxy Coal Tar.

70
 TWI
*)w 1fH =

IINISH COLOUR SCHEDI]LES

The painting and coatingcolour selection shouldbe in accordancewith:-

.
i'.

BS 48OO- SPECIFICATIONFOR PAINT COLOTJRSFOR BUq,DING

PURPOSES.

For pipeworkidentificationttre colours t# be in accordance

with B$Jlo
andwhereonly paintedstripesareusedthe backgroundtop coat c6ffifiall
belight andneutral(eg.offwhite or tight gey).

All finishedcolourschedules
shallbe detailedin drecontractdocuments.

71
 'l
-"

.) T'fryr
wcf
)
SUGGESTEDCOLOURS

i STRUCTURAL STIEL

Membersabovestab-inpoints at top of 08-E-51

jacket.

I
I
Primary structuralsteelmembersin the Contractor
splashzone and atuosphericzones up Standard
to the stab-inpoints at the top of the finish
l jacket.

l Secondarystructuralsteelmembers, 00-E-53
equipmentandpiping in the splashand
)
atnosphericzonesup to the stab-in
' pointsat the top of thejacket.

I Plateguders : external Yellow 08-E-51

: internal OffWhite l0-B-15
)
Floor and decks Contractor
Standard
.) (l) The finish colourfor decksshallbe
;
finish (l)
as dark aspossible.
i

Pipe srpports Yellow

Overheadobstnrctionsand beams Yellow with 08-E-51

00-E-53
I

I NON-STRUCTT'RALSTEEL

l CLADDING AND coLouR BS 4800

CEILING CODE
lnternal OffWhite l0-B-15
I
External Red 04-E-53
I
Handrails Black 00-E-53
I

).

72
 l

TWr
,i w 2r
)

l EOUIPMENT

l
Tanls andvessels OffWhite r0-B-15
)
Pumpsand drivers OffWhite l0-B-15
I
Generatorsand drivers OffWhite l0-B-15
) Compressorsand drivers OffWhite IGB-15

I lnstnrments Contractor
Standard
- , finish

OffWhite l0-B-15
I
Black 00-E-53
.,)
Metalised

r) OffWhite & l0-B-15

Red
,
DangerouVexposed
partsof machinery Orange 06-3-51
I
Relief valves Orange 06-E-51

I Dangerouspartsof electrical otr l0-B-15

installation WhitelRed 04-E-53
i

73
 TWI
)W OT

IDENTIFICATION MARKING PAINTS

SCOPE ExternalSurfaces

\ ITEMS Partiallyprocessedmaterials,completedcomponents,temporary
stnrctures,temporaryequipmentand constnrctionaids.

I Identification of partially processed Distinctive colour ssding qystem, with a

materials. durability of three years under the relevant
I
conditions of storage, transportation and
handling;
Identification of temporary Distinctive colour codirg system, wittr a
. . )
structures,constnrctionaids, durability sufficient to include ttre
temporaryequipmentandtest anticipated duration of use of ttre
I equipment. identification.

74
 ! vco?
I TWI

United Kingdom Legislation

Healthand Safetyat Work Act 1974

EnvironmentalProtectionAct 1990:part l, and :.:

Secretaryof State'sGuidancepc6r23(g2) - coating of
metalmd prastic
sI 1974No. 289 The offshore Installations(constnrction and survey)
Regulations.

sI 1976No. l0l9 The offshore Installations(operationalsaf€ty, Healdr

andWelfare) Regulations.
- - l
British Standards

1BS 72e specificationfor h.otdip galvanisedcoatingson iron and

'
steelarticles. ..
/BS 1710 Specificationfor Identifiiation of pipelines& services.

/BS 3416 Specificationfor bitumen-basedcoatingsfor cold

applicatio4 suiable for usein contactwith potablewater.

/ BS381C Specificationfor Coloursfor Identification, gsrling &

SpecialPurposes.

/BS 3900 V$g&of t@pgjlts: part D5: Measurementof

specularglossof non-metallicpaint films at 20o,60"
and85".

/BS 4800 Specificationfor paint coloursfor buildingpurposes.

",BS5378 Safetysignsand colorus. .

BS 5493 Codeof practicefor protectivecoatingof iron and steel

structuresagainstconosion.

BS 5750 QualitySystems.

BSs2s2 Frameworkfor colour co-ordinationfor building purposes.

a,/t/+

75
' )

, TWI
VW

Bs 6920 Suitability for non-metallic productsfor use in contact

with water intended for h'man cons'mption with regard
to their effect on the quality of the water.

BS 7079 preparationof steel zubstrates

before applicationof
paintsandrelated products.
' 'ra

Other Publications

PaintnakersAssociationof GreatBritain Ltd p'blication

PersonnelProtection; advicefor the use ofmarine paints

andcompositions.
ii
ocMA (oil company'sMaterialsAssociation)pubrication.

MEc of 8P200 Recommendations

fortrJ protectionof dieserengin$in
hazardousareas. t

IIeaIth & SafetyExecutive

)
HsEPublication occupationarexposureLimits.
j nH+o

I HSE Publication offglore Installations- Guidanceon Design,Consrnrction

and Ce'rtification.
'
l .

SteelStructures
Painting Council
l

(SSPC)Pittsburgh GoodPaintingPracticeand Surfacepreparation

J
BGE & p Documents
' CP-Q-001 Guideto the applicationto QualrtyAssuranceto ISO 9001

r SP,Q-140 Units

i sP-Q-141 Supplyof paint suppliet'sDoc'rnentation.

CP-C-150 ExternalCoatingsfor Steelpipelines.

I

76
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