A Project Conducted under

Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network (GIAN-N), Jaipur &

National Innovation Foundation (NIF)
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF

“THE MILKING MACHINE”

(Especially for high Milk yielding Cows & Buffalos)

Under Guidance of
Mr. Vishnu Mathur
Chief Innovation Manager (Acting)
GIAN (North)

Submitted by:-
Hiten Bhandari
Aravali Institute of Management
Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
 Table of Contents

S.No. Particulars

1. Acknowledgement
2. Preface
3. Declaration, Project Title, Objectives
4. Executive Summary
5. History, Introduction
6. About the Innovator, Other Innovations, Future Plans & dreams of the
Innovator
7. Reasons for Innovating Machine, Genesis, Working of machine
8. Functions of machine
9. Vacuum, How Pulsators are Activated
10. Pulsator Cycle, Pulsator Rate, Pulsation Ratio, Pulsation Phase,
Simultaneous Pulsation, Alternating Pulsation
11. The Milker Unit
12. Teat-cup Shells and Liners (Inflations), Softness of Liner, Milk Receptacle
13. Milk Movement-Pipeline to Bulk Tank &
Different Models: -
1. Hand operated milking machine
(Specification)
14. Flow Chart showing steps for Hand operated Milking machine
15. Different Models: -
2. Single phase electrical milking machine (Specification)
3. 12 volt battery driven milking machine (Specification)
16. Flow Chart showing steps for Electricity & Battery operated Milking
machine
17. Cleaning of electrical & battery driven milking machine, Advantages of
milking machine
18. High Milk Yielding Cows in India & Abroad
19. High Milk Yielding Buffalos in India & Abroad
20. Users of this machine in India & Abroad
21. Cost Benefit Analysis
22. Result of using “The Milking Machine”, Benefits of the Milking machine
for Cows / Buffalos, Benefits of the Milking machine for the User
23. Benefits of the Milking machine for the Dairy Owners, The Future
24. Contact Information & Contact Persons
25. Findings
26. Recommendations
27. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 1
28. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 3
29. Financial Data for Recommendation No. 4
30. Bibliography
 Acknowledgement

This is a small note to express thanks to all those people who have played an important
role for the successful completion of this project.

I am very thankful to Prof. Varun Arya, Director, Aravali Institute of Management,

Jodhpur who has given me an opportunity to perform to the best of our capabilities and to
apply the theory into practical.

I show gratitude to our Project Guide Mr. Vishnu Mathur (GIAN – N) & Mr. Rajeev
Sharma (Accountant, GIAN – N) who provided his precious time to our project.

I am also thankful to Mr. Raghav Gowda innovator of “The Milking Machine” for giving
his precious time to show me the live demonstration of the machine & help me to
understand its working.

I am also thankful to all the faculty members especially my faculty guide Mr. Amit Bhati
of Aravali Institute of Management whose encouragement and never ending support
made us relentlessly work hard towards the pursuit of preparing this report in a timely
and efficient manner.

Finally I am grateful to all the villagers for their valuable and diverse views, which
provided valuable inputs for the analysis and recommendations for the project.
 Preface

Marketing is one of the most important function in business. It is the discipline required
to understand customer’s need & the benefits they seek.

No study can be termed complete if there is no practical experience. Hence need for
training has become a real necessity. The training aims to prepare students through a
process of practical experience. Practical exposure has no doubt contributed a significant
amount of knowledge to me along with real life experience and was an ideal combination
of academic knowledge & practical experience.

Marketing activities can be regarded as lifeblood of all business concerns. In order to

enhance the performance of marketing department and overall success of business
concern, study of consumer behavior and their satisfaction, sales and distribution
channels advertisements & competitive advantages is necessary. The performance of a
company is very much important for an organization.

Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network - North, Jaipur is in fact a very ideal

location to gain practical experience. I am sure the experience gained in short duration,
will go a long way in all my future endeavors.
Declaration

I hereby declare that this project title work entitled “Linkages for Marketing of Milking
Machine” is my work, carried out under the guidance of faculty guide Mr. Prithwi Tilak
Banerjee & Mr. Amit Bhati & my Project Guide Mr. Vishnu Mathur & Mr. Rajeev
Sharma (Accountant, GIAN – N ). This report is neither full nor in part & has ever been
submitted for award of any other degree.

Project Title

“Linkages for Marketing of Milking Machine.”

Objectives

 To identify the major dairies which may be the potential clients.

 To collect the data regarding the High breeds of Cows & Buffalos in India on
which this machine can give the better efficiency.
 To share video CD & related literature on the utility & usefulness of this machine
to dairy owners.
 To discuss / arrange live demonstration & to clear the doubts of the villagers,
farmers, dairy owners etc. on working of the machine.
 To take the feedback from the villagers, farmers, dairy owners etc. on the working
of the machine.
 To access the demand potential in the working areas where the marketing efforts
were done.
 To study various government schemes for the promotion of milking machine &
preparing the methodology of linkages to take the benefit of these schemes for the
dairy owners & farmers.
 Executive Summary

The milking machine is a nearly automatic machine installation for milking cows. The
system consists of the cluster (the assembly that is manually attached to the cow), a milk
tube, a pulse tube and pulsator, a vacuum pump or blower, and perhaps a recorder jar or
milk meter that measures yield. Together, the system allows milk to flow into a pipeline
in preparation for shipping to a processing plant.

The cluster consists of teat cups, a shell and liner device that actually performs the
milking action, and a claw or manifold that spaces the teat cups and connects them to the
milk and pulse tubes. The milk tube carries the milk and air mixture away from the cow's
udder to receiving tanks. The pulse tube, or airline, carries the varying air pressure from
the pulsator device to the tanks, drawing the milk and fluids out of the cows as well.

In operation, milk is drawn from the cow's teats because a vacuum is created within the
cup device, forcing the milk through the teat canal. The pulsator alternates the pressure,
first creating a vacuum (milk phase), and then applying air, which causes the flexible
liner in the cup to collapse and massage the teat (rest phase). The alternating process of
milk-and-rest is continued in a rhythmic pattern for the cows' health and good milk
productivity.

Milking machines are used to harvest milk from cows when manual milking becomes
inefficient or labour intensive. The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for
removing milk from an udder. It is made up of a claw, four teatcups, (Shells and rubber
liners) long milk tube, long pulsation tube, and a pulsator. The claw is an assembly that
connects the short pulse tubes and short milk tubes from the teatcups to the long pulse
tube and long milk tube. (Cluster assembly) Claws are commonly made of stainless steel
or plastic or both. Teatcups are composed of a rigid outer shell (stainless steel or plastic)
that holds a soft inner liner or inflation. Transparent sections in the shell may allow
viewing of liner collapse and milk flow. The annular space between the shell and liner is
called the pulse chamber.
History

Early attempts at milking cows involved a

variety of methods. Around 380 B.C.,
Egyptians, along with traditional milking-
by-hand, inserted wheat straws into cows'
teats. Suction was first used as a basis for
the mechanized harvesting of milk in
1851, although the attempts were not
altogether successful, drawing too much
blood and body fluid congestion within the
teat. To encourage further innovations, the
Royal Agricultural Society of England
offered money for a safe, working milking
machine. Around the 1890s Alexander
Shiels of Glasgow, Scotland, developed a pulsator that alternated suction levels to
successfully massage the blood and fluids out of the teat for proper blood circulation.
That device, along with the development of a double-chambered teat cup in 1892, led to
milking machines replacing hand milking. After the 1920s machine milking became
firmly established in the dairy industry. Today, the majority of all milking is processed by
machine

Introduction

The milking machine plays an important

role on the dairy farm as an efficient
means of milking cows; however, it must
be remembered that this machine is one of
the few devices which has direct contact
with living animal tissue. A milking
operation which results in discomfort to
the cow and is caused by faulty milking
equipment or techniques may lead to
injury or mastitis.

Consequently, before a person attempts to

milk cows he/she should thoroughly
understand the basic operation of the milking equipment and fully realize the significance
of maintaining the equipment in good condition at all times and of employing good
milking techniques. This fact sheet describes the basic operations involved to help give a
better understanding of milking machines.
About the Innovator

Raghava Gowda hails from Pallathadka, Murulya village in the Sulya taluka of South
Canara district in Karnataka. A school teacher by profession, he is 56-years-old and is
brimming with ideas that would help solve various problems faced by members of his
community. His father was also a school teacher. He acknowledges the support provided
by his family throughout the process of innovation. He attributes his success to
willingness to work hard, kindness and truthfulness to his parents. These virtues
according to him have contributed a lot to his growth as an individual. Raghava is
respected and held in high esteem, and his innovations are by now legendary in his
village.

Other innovations

He has developed a sprayer which can machine spray areca trees. This sprayer uses a
gutter pump with a control mechanism in hand and costs about Rs.350. It is easy to use,
assemble and dismantle and he has been using it for the last 12 years. He claims the
method is cost effective and efficient and that the sprayer can spray in a 360° direction
and to a distance of 20ft that can cover around 20 areca plants.

He has developed a fodder cutter that slices even hard fodder material like coconut and
Areca Palms easily. He claims that the present fodder cutter he is using is unique and
more efficient and safer to handle and that he developed it six years back. Now he has
developed a new model with some modifications and is selling it at a cost of Rs.750.

Raghava Gowda also practices many alternative as well as resource saving technologies
as part of his daily life. He uses solar energy to light the lamps in his house. For this he
has installed two solar panels on the rooftop and charges 24 volts batteries. He practices
multi-crop farming and has 15acres of well irrigated farm with lust greenery. His farm
consists of a variety of plans of both horticultural and medicinal importance and he
claims that for the past 14 years he hasn’t used any chemical fertilizers in his farm. He
uses the waste slurry as manure for the plants in his farm. An advocate of rainwater
harvesting, he effectively uses the run-off water to charge his own bore wells.

Future plans and dreams of the Innovator

Raghava’s aim is to make his milking machine available to dairy farmers at a cheaper
rate. But he is quite sure that he does not want to sit back and enjoy the success of his
“Milk Master”, but would prefer to dedicate his time to developing the following
innovations which are currently in a conceptual form- easy methods of bee-keeping, a gas
water heater and an automatic water dispenser for a cattle shed.
Reasons for Innovating Machine

Finding skilled labour for milking a small herd of cows is a problem often faced by a
small-time farmer. Adding to this is the fact that milking by hand is not considered
healthy or hygienic anymore. But milking using a machine is a luxury which only a large
farm or dairy house can boast of, calling for a huge investment in power supply and
machinery. All of these set school teacher-farmer, Raghava Gowda, thinking very hard
about developing an alternate means of mechanized milking which would be affordable
to all farmers.

Genesis

A keen observer and a fast learner, Gowda observed the working of the Gutter spray
pump, used for spraying pesticides. He came up with the idea of using PVC teat cups and
a plastic pipe on the Gutter pump. Thus he developed the first machine and began
experimenting on his own farm. But for this the teat cup had to be moulded according to
the size of the teat and he had to heat the PVC pipe. But milking using this device proved
to be quite painful for the cow as an excessive vacuum was created. To solve this
problem, a vacuum container was adapted. With this addition, milking could be done
from four teats. Experimenting with it further he switched over to a foot press. Then he
fitted the vacuum pump on a four legged fabricated frame which later was replaced by a
three-legged frame to provide stability. A vacuum level gauge was provided to know the
level of the vacuum generated. To reduce the strain on the operator he then tried out a
gear and wheel vacuum pump set-up. A stainless steel can, lid and stainless steel
junctions for the teat adaptors were also introduced. Further trials resulted in reducing the
milking effort by adopting alternate pulsing for each set of two teats and by reducing
stroke and diameter of vacuum pump. It took him four years of hard work and 15 models
to finally arrive at the successful milking machine, which costs less than Rs.11000/- and
at last Raghava is satisfied that the machine is problem free.

Working of machine

Raghava has developed an elaborate, refined milking machine that can milk cows and
buffaloes using a set of reciprocating vacuum pumps with a vacuum gauge, a suction
assembly unit and an air bubble free well gasketed milk canister to receive the milk. The
suction assembly has two sub-assemblies with a set of nipples and stainless steel plate on
one side and transparent conduit pipes and a regulator valve on the other.

Each of the sub-assemblies is taken apart for cleaning before and after every milking
operation. The udder and teats of the cow are also washed with cold water and wiped
using cotton cloth. The hand lever attached to the pumping unit is cranked till a vacuum
of 200-250 inches is created in the suction–nipple unit. This is attached to the udders and
the milk gets deposited in the receiving canister via the transparent conduit pipes. When
air bubbles flow along with the milk, the operation is stopped and on gently pressing the
top of the teats, the teats get released. The control valve and vacuum pressure gauge,
located on the main pumping unit, control the suction circuit and the milk receiving
canister via the transparent conduit pumps. The four nipple suction configuration can
alternate pulsations between two sets for the operation for facilitating milk flow and
reducing milking time.

Good publicity in the press helped and soon his phone was ringing off the hook, with
frantic and urgent enquiries about the milking machine. This is now widely used and
appreciated by small-scale diary farmers in his area. As of date he has sold 600-700
machines and has another ten orders in hand from states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu also.

He has got good responses from universities, banks & other government agencies.
Former President Dr. A. P. J Abdul Kalam has also awarded Mr. Raghav Gowda. The
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, had given him a certificate during the
Krishimela. The Syndicate bank, Hiriyadka, also has given a certificate in appreciation of
his innovation. But so far he has not been approached with any business enquiries or for
licensing the technology.

Functions of machine

The milking machine performs two basic functions:

1. It causes milk to flow from a teat by exposing the teat end to a partial vacuum.
2. It massages the teat in an effort to relieve the effects of a continuous milking
vacuum.
Vacuum

Milking machines depend upon a partial vacuum for their operation. A partial vacuum is
created when part of the air is removed from a confined space, such as the various pipes
in a milking system. The amount of air removed from the system will determine the
vacuum level.

The vacuum level indicated on a vacuum gauge is measured in Kilopascals (metric) or in

inches of mercury vacuum (imperial). For example, if approximately one-half of the air is
removed from the system a vacuum gauge would indicate 50 kilopascals or 15 inches of
mercury vacuum.

How Pulsators are Activated*

Pulsators can either be vacuum or electrically operated. The vacuum-operated pulsator

uses air to move the plunger or slide valve which covers or uncovers the air passages to
produce the pulsating action. The plunger or slide valve may be housed in oil for
smoother action. The rate of pulsation is controlled by a needle valve which may be
factory set or may be manually adjustable. Temperature changes tend to affect the
pulsation rate of vacuum-operated pulsators, so be conscious of this factor and maintain
the pulsator at normal operating temperatures to help reduce rate variations.

The electric pulsator may be operated by a master control which sends, via an electric
current, the proper command to the pulsator to perform a preset pulsation rate and ratio.
The electric pulsator is unaffected by temperature and therefore, has the advantage of
producing a constant pulsation rate.

Some electronic pulsators have a computer chip internally mounted. These pulsators
function to a preset rate and ratio once they are inserted into a stall cock electrical-
vacuum source.

Some pulsators have variable pulsation rates and ratios. This feature allows the individual
farmer to better choose the pulsation rate and ratio that suits the dairy herd's needs.
However, a word of caution: DO NOT experiment unless you fully understand the
technical aspects of pulsation rates and ratios and know how they influence the cow's
milking; otherwise, severe injury could result.

*Source: -
http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Articles/Milking_machine_use_and_maintenanc
e.htm
Some terms related to the Pulsator
Pulsator Cycle*
A cycle refers to the total time in seconds that a pulsator takes to complete one milk
phase and one massage phase.
*Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsator Rate*
The pulsation rate refers to the number of cycles that the pulsator makes in one minute.
Pulsators on the market have pulsation rates ranging from 40 to 60 cycles per minute.
*Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsation Ratio*
The pulsation ratio is the length of time in each cycle that the pulsator is in its milk phase
compared to its massage phase. The pulsation ratio may be expressed as a simple ratio or
it can be expressed as a percentage.
*Source: -
http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Pulsation Phase*
The pulsation phase refers to the method of pulsation known as simultaneous (4 x 0) or
alternating pulsation (2 x 2).
*Source:- http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Simultaneous Pulsation*
Some milking machines are designed to operate with all four teat cups simultaneously
milking and then all four teat cups massaging.
*Source: - http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm

Alternating Pulsation*
Some milking machine units are designed to operate with an alternating action; that is,
while two teat-cup liners are milking the other two liners are massaging. Depending on
the manufacturer, the alternating action may be from the left side to the right side or it
can be from front quarters to back on an individual cow.
*Source: - http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/milker/milker.htm
The Milker Unit*

All milker units operate in basically the same way and consist of the following
components:

1. Pulsator,
2. Teat cup shells and liners (inflations),
3. Milk receptacle:
o bucket
o Teat-cup claw (attached to a floor pail milker or to a pipeline).

The basic operation of the milker unit is shown in fig. 1.and 2. As the pulsator operates, it
causes the chamber between the shell and the liner to alternate regularly from vacuum to
air source. It should be kept in mind that the inside of the teat-cup liner is under a milking
vacuum at all times. Thus when air is admitted between the shell and liner (Fig. 1) the
line collapses around the cow's teat. The pressure of the collapse liner is applied to the
teat giving a massaging action. This is called the rest or massage phase. Milk does not
flow from the teat during this phase.

During the milk phase (Figure 1), the space

between the liner and the shell is exposed to
the vacuum by way of the pulsator. The fact
that there is now equal pressure on both
sides of the liner causes it to open. The end
of the cow's teat exposed to the vacuum and
the influence of internal milk pressure
within the cow's udder causes the milk to be
drawn out through the teat opening.
Figure 1
Figure 2

The milking process then consists of

opening (milk phase) and closing (massage
phase) the teat-cup liner over and over
again.

*Source:-http://www.classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Mastitis/milkmachine.html
Figure 2
Teat-cup Shells and Liners (Inflations)*

Many types of teat-cup shell and liner combinations are available. Make sure that the
shell and liner are compatible. For instance, make sure that the liner has enough room
inside the shell so that it can fully collapse without hitting the inside walls.

Choose a liner that has a mouth piece which helps prevent downward slippage or riding-
up action on the base of the udder. To reduce teat and udder irritation, the use of narrow
to intermediate bore liners is recommended. If a herd is presently being milked with a
wide-bore style liner and one wishes to change to a narrow-bore liner, be conscious of the
following facts:

1. Many drop-offs may be experienced at first until you relearn how to handle the
milker units, such as putting less tension on the units, etc.
2. Slower milking may be experienced on some cows at first.
3. Some long, flabby teats of cows may never be able to adapt to the narrow-bore
style.

*Source: - http://www.genusbreeding.co.uk/content.output/42/179/Udder
%20Care/Milking%20Systems%20Services/Milking%20Machine%20Testing.mspx

Softness of Liner

The liners (inflations) should be replaced as recommended by the manufacturer. A liner

should be replaced immediately if it becomes damaged.

The general recommendations for changing liners are as follows:

synthetic rubber 1,000 - 1,200 cow milkings

more natural rubber 500 - 700 cow milkings
silicone type 5,000 - 10,000 cow milkings

Milk Receptacle

Milker units may be classified either as being the suspension bucket or claw type. The
claw-type milker is attached to a floor pail milker or to a milk pipeline system via a hose
used to transfer the milk.

Air is needed in the claw to help lift the milk up into the pail milker or into the pipeline.
This air is let into the claw through the air admission inlet located in the claw or in the
individual teat-cup liners. Care must be taken so that the air admission hole(s) is kept
clean but not enlarged to the extent that excessive agitation could cause rancidity
problems with the milk. An alternative to air admission is a two vacuum level system
within the milker unit which pushes the milk as a column up the hose and into the
pipeline.
 Milk Movement-Pipeline to Bulk Tank

Once in the pipeline, milk flows by gravity into a receiver jar. A milk pump removes the
milk from the receiver jar and it passes through a filter as it makes its way to the bulk
tank for cooling and storage

Different Models

At initial stage Mr. Raghva Gowda has designed only one model but at present there are
in all three models. And they are: -

1. Hand operated milking machine

2. Single phase electrical milking machine
3. 12 volt battery milking machine

As the name suggest the changes. The working of the machine is not different according
to the model. Each & every model has the same function only the difference is that
“Hand operated milking machine” works with the help of hands & the other two model
work with the help of battery & electricity.

1. Hand operated milking machine: - Simple hand operated milking machine has
two reciprocating vacuum pump, a handle to operate vacuum pump, a stainless
steel machine frame, an air tight stainless steel milk can of 16 liter capacity, a
vacuum and pulse regulator with vacuum gauge, “Teat Adapter Cluster” with a
ball valve and connecting plastic pipes.

Specification

• Milking can capacity : 16 liters

• Dry weight of machine : 18 kg
• Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo
• Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum
• Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)
• Pulse rate : No. of strokes made/min. (ideally 60)
• Cleaning : Boiling water
• Adaptability : One animal at a time only

Hand operated milking machine

Flow Chart showing steps for Hand operated Milking machine

Clean the milk can, inside of teat adapter cluster

Close the milk can & ball valve of teat adapter cluster

Hold the teat adapter cluster in one hand and sit on the
machine & operate the machine handle to & fro until
vacuum gauge shows 200 to 250 reading

Prepare cow for milking by cleaning and massaging the

udder

Hold the teat adapter cluster on right hand and insert the
teats into teat liners of teat adapter

Press the teat adapter cluster against the udder

Slowly open the ball valve of teat adapter cluster and teat
adapters clutch the udder of animal

Leave teat adapter cluster to hang on udder and start

operating the machine handle to & fro very gently

Watch milk flow in transparent pipe. Operate the machine

continuously until milk flow in transparent pipe atop

After milk is completely drained hold the teat adapter

cluster and close the ball valve

Insert finger in between teat liner & teat. The teat adapter
cluster declutches

YES Milk NO
End
another Process
animal
2. Single phase electrical milking machine: - This milking machine is driven by single
phase AC geared motor, through a linkage. This machine is mounted on a stainless steel
trolley and can be dragged easily in cow shed.

Specification

• Power required : 180 watt (220 V single phase)

• Dry weight of machine : 30 kg.
• Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo
• Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum
• Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)
• Pulse rate : 60/minute
• Cleaning : Boiling water
• Mounting : Stainless steel trolley
• Adaptability : One animal at a time only

3. 12 volt battery driven milking machine: - Milking machine is driven by 12 volt DC

geared motor, through a linkage. This machine is mounted on a stainless trolley and can
be dragged easily in cow shed. A battery charger is used to charge the battery. Once
charged, the machine can run for 2 hours continuously.

Specification

• Power required : 150 watt (12 volt DC)

• Battery : 35 Ah 12 volt
• Dry weight of machine : 30 kg.
• Time for milking : 4 minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo
• Vacuum in milking line : 300mm Hg Maximum
• Pulsing : Alternating (two teats/stroke)
• Pulse rate : 60/minute
• Cleaning : Boiling water
• Mounting : Stainless steel trolley
• Adaptability : One animal at a time only

Battery operated milking machine Electrical milking machine

Flow Chart showing steps for Electricity & Battery operated Milking
machine
Clean the milk can, inside of teat adapter cluster

Close can lid, keep the ball valve of teat adapter cluster open switch on
the machine then close ball valve

Run the machine until vacuum gauge shows 200 to 250mm of Hg

reading

Prepare cow for milking by cleaning and massaging the udder

Hold the teat adapter cluster on right hand and insert the teats into teat
liners of teat adapter

Press the teat adapter cluster against the udder

Slowly open the ball valve of teat adapter cluster and teat adapters clutch
the udder of animal
Leave teat adapter cluster to hang on udder and start operating the
machine handle to & fro very gently

Watch milk flow in transparent pipe. Operate the machine continuously

until milk flow in transparent pipe atop

After milk is completely drained hold the teat adapter cluster and close
the ball valve

Insert finger in between teat liner & teat. The teat adapter cluster
declutches

YES NO
Milk End Process
another
animal
 Cleaning of electrical & battery driven milking machine

i. Take 3 liter boiling water in bucket & close the milk can
ii. Dip teat adapter cluster in boiling water
iii. Switch on and run the milking machine. Boiling water flows through the milk pipe
into milk can
iv. Open the teat adapter cluster & milk can, wash it thoroughly. If required use mild
detergent & brush
v. Hang the teat adapter cluster in shade and keep the machine in a cool place away
from direct sunlight

Advantages of milking machine

 Clean & hygienic milk collection

 Save labor & time (4minutes for Cow, 7 minutes for Buffalo)
 Can be operated by unskilled persons
 Low cost, easy maintenance and low running cost & for Hand operated milking
machine electricity is also not required
 Simulates suckling action of calf
 Removes all milk from udder
 Gives uniform pressure on teats and helps to overcome mastitis
 100% safety for animal
 Easy carrying handling & operation
 Easily transferable
High Milk Yielding Cows in India & Abroad*

Sahiwal

 Mainly found in Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Delhi, Bihar and M.P.

 Milk yield – Under village condition :1350 kgs
– Under commercial farms: 2100 kgs
 Age at first calving -32-36 months
 Calving interval – 15 month

Gir

 Mainly found in Gir forest areas of South Kathiawar

 Milk yield – Under village condition : 900 kgs
– Under commercial farms: 1600 kgs

Tharparkar

 Mainly found in Jodhpur, Kutch and Jaisalmer

 Milk yield – Under village condition :1660 kgs
– Under commercial farms: 2500 kgs

Red Sindhi

 Mainly available in Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa.
 Milk yield – Under village condition :1100 kgs
– Under commercial farms: 1900 kgs

Brown Swiss

 Mainly found in Alps of Switzerland

 Average output is 9545 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4% butterfat

Guernsey

 Mainly found in Guernesy

 Average output is 6680 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4.5% butterfat

Milking Shorthorn

 Mainly found in Britain

 Average output is 7000 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 3.8% butterfat
Holstein-Friesian

 Mainly found in Northern Germany & North Holland/Friesland regions of

Netherland
 Average output is 12720 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 2.5-3% butterfat
 This is by far the best diary breed among exotic cattle regarding milk yield. On an
average it gives 25 litres of milk per day, whereas a cross breed H.F. cow gives 10
- 15 lts per day
 It can perform well in coastal and delta areas

Jersey

 Mainly found in Britain's Isle of Jersey, close to the Isle of Guernsey just off the
coast of France
 Average output is 7270 kg of milk per 305 day-cycle/year, with 4.9% butterfat
 Age at first calving : 26-30 months
 Intercalving – 13-14 months
 In India this breed has acclimatized well especially in the hot and humid areas

High Milk Yielding Buffalos in India & Abroad*

Murrah

 Mainly found in Haryana, Delhi and Punjab

 Milk yield – 1560 kgs
 On an average the daily milk yield is found to be 8-10 lts, whereas a cross breed
murrah buffalo gives 6-8 lts per day
 It performs well in coastal and slightly cold climatic areas

Jaffarabadi

 Mainly found in Kathiawar district of Gujarat

 Milk yield – 1800-2700 kgs

Pandharpuri

 Mainly found in the Solapur, Kolhapur and Sangli districts of Maharashtra state
 Under average management conditions and hot -dry climate these buffaloes yield
6-7 liters of milk per day; however under good management they are reported to
yield up to 15 liters of milk per day
 The breed is famous for its high reproductive ability, producing a calf every 12
months
Nagpuri

 Mainly found in Nagpur, Wardha, Akola, Amravathi and Yeotmal in Maharastra.

 Milk yield – 1030-1500 kgs

Surti

 Mainly found in Gujarat

 Milk yield – 1700-2500 kgs

*Source: -
 BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune
 http://www.raw-milk-facts.com/dairy_cow_breeds.html
 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/jayarajvet-104080-buffalo-breeds-
india-animal-education-ppt-powerpoint/

Users of this machine in India & Abroad

 This machine can be used by the farmers who live in different villages of India.
 This machine can be used by the people who own their own farms
 This machine can also be used by people who are having high yielding
cows/buffalos at their home
Cost Benefit Analysis*

A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well, or how poorly, a planned action
will turn out. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything, it is most
commonly done on financial questions. Since the cost benefit analysis relies on the
addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result,
it is also known as running the numbers.

A cost benefit analysis finds, quantifies, and adds all the positive factors. These are the
benefits. Then it identifies, quantifies, and subtracts all the negatives, the costs. The
difference between the two indicates whether the planned action is advisable. The real
trick to doing a cost benefit analysis well is making sure you include all the costs and all
the benefits and properly quantify them.

Suppose a person is maintaining his own farm house & he maintains 20 cows in his farm
house. Each cow on an average gives milk of 20 liters per day, so the average total
production of milk per day is 400 liters (i.e. 20 cows * 20 liters of milk per day), & on
monthly basis the average milk produced is 12,000 liters (i.e. 400 liters of milk per day *
30 days).

The milk is sold to in the market & 15 Rs. Per liter. So his average monthly sales is of Rs.
1,80,000 (i.e. 12,000 liters*15 Rs. Per liter).

The person himself cannot milch all the cows, so for this he keeps 5 skilled labors to take
care of the cows & to milch the cows. Salary of each labor is Rs. 4,000.

Now, the person comes to know about the Hand Operated Milking Machine & he
purchases 4 Hand Operated Milking Machines. The changes which he notices are as
follows: -

The average milk given by each cow increases by 200 milliliters. As the cow is milched
two times a day, so the daily production increases by 8 liters per day (i.e. 400
milliliters*20 cows), so the increase in monthly average production is of 240 liters (i.e.
30 days*8 liters per day)

With this increase in production of milk the average income of the owner increases by
Rs. 3600 (i.e. 240 liters*15 Rs. Per liter)

And also he has a saving of Rs. 4,000 as now there is no need of skilled labor as the
manual work has also been reduced with the help of machine. So now he needs only 4
persons to operate the machine & to take care of the cows.

Note: - Cost Benefit Analysis is totally based on assumption.

Result of using “The Milking Machine”

With a correctly specified, installed, operated and maintained milking machine the owner
of the farm house will be rewarded with a volume of milk according to his cows’ present
ability and with a quality that meets the highest standards.

The payment for the milk is always related to the volume produced and in most cases also
influenced by the quality of the milk measured in some way.

• Milk quality can be measured as fat and protein content and then valued as food
for human consumption with a certain content of nutrients.
• Milk quality can be measured as total bacteria content –TBC- , which measures
the hygienic standard of the milk.
• Milk quality can also be measured as somatic cell content –SCC- , which
measures the animal health or level of mastitis infections in the udder.
Milk quality can also be measured as odor (smell) and taste, which is a
measurement of palatability.
• Finally contaminations of antibiotic residues, other impurities and water are seen
as serious deteriorations of the milk quality.

Benefits of the Milking machine for Cows / Buffalos

While milching with the help of the machine no nails are pinched in the teats of animal as
when the milching is done with the help of hands it happened.

Milching process becomes easy & it causes no harm or any kind of problem to the
animal.

No insects would sit on the teats of the animal as the teats are being covered with the help
of cluster.

Benefits of the Milking machine for the User

With the use of machine productivity of the milk increases, because prior to that milching
was done with the help of hands and it took a lot of time & due to that hands of the
person who is milching the animal also starts paining and after a while he stops
milching the animal & because of that some milk remains in the teats of the cows

No, problem of skilled labor, as the milching process is done by the skilled person only
but the machine can be used by a person who is not skilled also

Saving in time, as the milching process when done by hands used to take approximately
3o minutes to milch 6-7 liters of milk but with the help of machine it just takes 3-4
minutes to milch the animal.
Fat content in the milk increases, so with this there is also increase in the income of the
farm owner as the payment for the milk is always related to the volume produced
and in most cases also influenced by the quality of the milk measured in some way.

Benefits of the Milking machine for the Dairy Owners

With the use of machine the productivity of the milk increases for the farm owner & due
to this the milk supplied to them also increases, ultimately there is increase in their
production also.

Now, the milk which they are supplied has more fat content in it & is also bacteria free
milk.

The Future

Advances in technology have introduced several new innovations to milking machines.

Automatic detacher units that connect loosely to the milking claw allow cows to move
and shift freely during milking. Based on the rate of milk flow, the detacher can also
detect the end of milking, shutting the vacuum and actually removing the claw from the
cow.

Automatic back flushing units are also gaining popularity. These units and systems send
chemical and rinse solutions through pipelines and clusters to reduce the risk of infection
and mastitis (udder inflammation).

The use of automatic identification systems, such as electronic transponder cow neck-
tags, has enabled dairy farmers to keep track of milk production by individual cows. This
new innovation will require little manual labor, and the machines will oversee much of
the milking process from the time a cow enters a milking center until it leaves to graze.

Contact Information
KSHEERA ENTERPRISES
Murulya post, Sullia talluk
Dakshinakannada district
Karnataka, Pin code 574328
Phone no. (08257) 275020, 204370
Mobile no. +91 94481 44098, +91 99942 10295

Contact Persons
 Mr. Raghava Gowda P
Phone no. 08257-275020, 08257-204370
Email ID: - raghavagowda@yahoo.com

 Mrs. Maina Kusumadhara

Phone no. 080-27844098
Mobile no. +91 94481 44098
Email ID: - maina_ksm@yahoo.com

 Mr. Kusumadhara K
Mobile no. +91 99942 10295
Email ID: - kusumadhara_maina@yahoo.co.in

 Mrs. Madhu Yathish

Mobile no. +91 94488 87718

 Mr. Yathish Paloli

Mobile no. +91 99457 91743
 Findings

1. The innovator is getting all parts manufactured from vendors this means that the
innovator is totally dependent upon vendors. So the innovator has to keep stock of
finished part of inventory with him in sufficient quantity.

2. At present innovator is running his workshop in a village, so the main problem he

is facing is of labor & electricity.

3. The machine has a good scope in other parts of country also as this has been said
by the higher authorities of RCDF (Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation) the
only thing which is need is new ways of promotion.

4. This machine is having the “World’s Lowest Price” & is also Hand operated as
said by higher authorities of RCDF.

5. This machine is also having a good demand in International Market & the
innovator is also planning to standardize his product & conduct business in
international market.

6. The person who is having minimum 5 cows / buffalos & is suggested to purchase
this machine.

7. If any subsidy is given by the government to the farmers, they can purchase this
machine easily.
 Recommendations
1. The video CD of the machine is in English, it must also be prepared in Hindi
language, as this machine is basically used by farmers and they don’t know
English.

2. Before sending the machine to the owner the owner must know how to use the
machine. So a person must be send to him, who can teach him that how the
machine is to be used. (For this the traveling, eating & staying expenses are to be
paid by the buyer.)

3. As this machine has shown a good scope in Southern parts of India, this machine
must be promoted in other parts also & for this 2-3 offices must be set in every
state where the people can easily come in contact & know about this machine.

4. 10 Hand Operated Milking Machine must be provided to Rajasthan Co-operative

Dairy Federation (RCDF) as sample machines, so with their help it can be
supplied further to different milk collection centers & then the milk collection
centre head can give the sample machine for use to the farmers / villagers who is
having high yielding milking cows / buffalos for 3-4 days. And after 3-4 days the
centre head can take the reply from the farmers / villagers & forward it to RCDF
& the same can be collected by the GIAN – N.

5. This machine has a good market, so we must promote this machine with the help
of various trade link as it has been done on one of the website which is
www.agricultureinformation.com. Like this other trade links must also be used for
its promotion. (This type of promotional work has been done without incurring
any expenses.)