JOHN

LOCKE

Master of Science Advanced Architecture Design

Columbia University GSAPP
2008/2009

ARGU
MEN
TS
2008/2009

3
3
summer 2008_ Political Fever

fall 2008_ Proof3: Mumbai Airport

spring 2009_ Speed Territory Communication

studios
01

Political
Fever
critic: Keith Kaseman

studio title: Political Fever

chosen site: 9 locations of ‘town centers’—pseudo-urban

outdoor malls in purple states

program chosen: political debate arenas that can be inserted

into the existing landscape with an “on” and “off ” position.

computer programs used: rhino + grasshopper

quick project description: “In America, the most active

civic space is no longer public plazas or parks, but rather a
new typology—“town centers”—Mall/Promenade hybrids
of housing, public space, and shopping. This is where
people gather, and into each of these places a civic function
is inserted—political debate arenas where the viewer is no
longer passive but takes an active role in the decision process,
and is loudly confronted with a newfound political reality.”

2009. MSAAD . Columbia University

The project becomes a version
of American Flag 2.0, some-
thing that doesn’t only wave
from above in the wind, but
rather demands work, a back
and forth engagement between
voter and candidate. The goal is that these can be sold to
these town centers and through their sheer ubiquity and
the rise of spectacle as a means of increasing shopping
revenue, these proposals become the new American generic
space. The Easton Town Center in Ohio displays a number
of contradictions, home to the largest university in the
country, but also numerous military contracting connections,
including North American Aviation which manufactured
components for the B-1 bomber in addition to missiles and
guidance systems.
Each site was chosen not only for its status as a battleground
state, but also as the 21st century incarnation of what
constitutes public and civic space in America today, the
outdoor shopping, dining, living spaces that are labeled
as the new urban Town Centers, evolutions of the 1970s
covered mall. If the goal is to affect and inform the greatest
number of voters/shoppers, this is where the project
would have to go, a placeless place lacking any form of civic
engagement.
PoliticalFever

town centers, a new typology

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PoliticalFever

early formal studies

mobius typologies - blurring of inside and out reappropriation of the flag - Abbie Hoffman & Patton
initial charette debate platform studies

Political theatrics are played up in this ring of paper, used for candidates to energetically rush out and engage the audience.

A modular, mobile speech platform that can be deployed on short notice, as needed throughout the country. The speech platform becomes an occupiable
billboard with an immediately recognizable message. The advertised message becomes united with the candidate while controlling media backdrop images.
PoliticalFever

event anticipation through concealment of movement vectors

existing political debate setup - passive audience proposed

ppr p new setup
p - inverted arena, audience makes a choice inside
circulation loop for non-site specific deployment non-site specific deployment average crowd size
audience loop
candidate A loop
candidate B loop
shared candidate entry
PoliticalFever

site01: Town Center, Easton, Ohio

Debate center becomes a publicly occupied green space, semi-isolated from the existing context.
site plan in town square detail of movable skin system
PoliticalFever

Easton, Ohio installation in ‘on’ position

Easton is home to the Aegis Defense Manufacturing Corp., responsible for cruise missile fabrication and one of the largest job providers.
PoliticalFever

site02: The District, Las Vegas, Nevada

Debate center becomes a second level above existing shops

site plan in town square

OPERABLE FACADE
speaker ramp behind

GREAT LAWN / RALLY SPACE

MALL ENTRANCE

PROJECTION SCREEN
faces highway

ANCILLARY STAGE

MEETING SPACE
PoliticalFever
02

Mumbai
Airport
critic: David Benjamin

studio title: Proof3

given site: Mumbai, India

given program: A second airport for the capital city of

Mumbai. The airport currently on the site is also occupied by
300,000 slum inhabitants along the periphery.

computer programs used: Catia + modeFrontier +

Autodesk Robot, Rhino

quick project description: Airports typically attempt to be

all things to all people, resulting in general inefficiency and
awkward relationships between program spaces. By seeking
new opportunities via trade-offs, for instance a tourist class
passenger waiting longer but flying for free, or a business
class passenger’s ticket price rises while he waits less in a more
luxurious setting, a new circulation map and airport space is
created that addresses these disparate groups needs. Optimal
relationships between airlines, airport, and users are handled
through parametric models and genetic algorithms.

2009. MSAAD . Columbia University


8% of passengers generate 50% of profit for the airlines
What is the metric for a good
design? Or rather, now that
parametric modelling allows
us to easily create thousands
of variations of a given design,
how do we chose the “correct”
one?
$
REVENUE
The studio process involved first creating a parametric model
in catia, whose inputs are optimized through the engineering
program modeFrontier with additional structural finite
element analysis coming from Autodesk’s newly acquired
Robot. The challenge became how to convert your design
position, parti, whatever, into a quantifiable metric that
the software can optimize for. For instance, to optimize
for material efficiency, you could let the software optimize
a shape for maximize volume with minimal surface area.
After 3000 designs you’d have a sphere, but things can get
very complex fast when you begin optimizing for competing
objectives.
I was drawn to the metrics of passenger economy and profit.
Airports typically attempt to be all things to all people,
resulting in general inefficiency and awkward relationships
between program spaces and passengers, especially business
and tourist class. By seeking new opportunities via trade-offs,
for instance a tourist class passenger waiting longer but flying
for free, or a business class passenger’s ticket price rises while
creating multiple, separate dedicated entry points that allow
shorter waits, a new optimized circulation map based on
these new movement vectors emerges.
Proof3

airline precedents

luxury class only airlines

Each hanging element is a program + structural column
connected by a circulation tube. Within the circulation
tube tourist class passengers have the opportunity to fly
for free, passing through each commercial program space.
One objective is to maximize the length of the tube thereby
allowing more passengers to fly for free maximizing the
Silverjet Maxjet EOS
airports ancillary profits. Another objective is to create an
unobstructed space for business class passengers requiring
“We no longer have business class few of the program spaces to touch the ground but
rather hang, allowing business class passengers to freely
pass through below. The more columns that touch the
passengers subsidizing coach.” ground, the more structurally stable the ceiling space frame
Lawrence Hunt, CEO of Siverjet, 2007 becomes, allowing more housing towers above. The program
mediates between these competing objectives finding
high-performing, unexpected solutions and it becomes the
role of the user to rank and chose designs based on desired
criteria. Most housing = most columns = fewer business class
economy only airlines
travellers, etc…
In this system hopelessly outdated definitions, such as the
architect as “creator” and the inhabitant as “user,” are no
longer valid. Technology opens up new possibilities and
new choices in response to change, and a realignment of the
artist-spectator relationship. Change can be drastic, fast, and
dirty, impossible for an architect to foresee. An airport built
Southwest Ryanair Air Deccan
in 1930 has a very different relationship to a ticket holder
than one built in 2009. The user — the inhabitant, the client
“Passengers will accept certain — has the option of creating the optimized relationships
within their own built object that can evolve over time. The
inconveniences in exchange for low fares.” role of the architect becomes that of setting up a system of
relationships, and giving the user the emancipatory means to
Michael O’Leary, CEO of Ryanair, 2008 creation.
The architect’s traditional role is too slow to enact
meaningful social change. Speed and efficiency dominate
the urban landscape, and a new infrastructure has to allow
for improvisation and expandability. Process becomes the
airports increasingly derive profits from ancillary businesses paramount driver of creation, while the final result remains
an amorphous ideal. In this way, this project seeks to codify
the unpredictable nature of human behavior and forecast
future trends in airport planning. Airports, which initially
served few passengers in what was seen as a luxury item, has
evolved into buses in the sky. However, airports don’t have
to be clumsily retrofitted to handle additional masses of
2020 travellers or new security measures, but can rather grow and
expand with the changing social and economical landscape
that characterizes air travel, especially in a loaded site like
2005 Mumbai, India.
1990
airport realities + project proposal

exclusion leads to opportunity for the other 92%

Optimal movement vectors for Tourist class and Business class passengers through the airport. One values low fares, while the other
considers speed and choice primary. These two together equal the future airport.

+
Proof3

experiment 01: optimized terminal layout

starting position range of possible solutions with various optimal objectives

objectives
1. MAX total aircraft
2. MIN total terminal square footage/total aircraft ratio
3. MAX length of forced-fly-for-free path (yellow lines)
4. MIN distance travelled by paying travellers (red lines)

pareto graph showing location of various solutions ranking objectives to narrow the solution space

based on prioritized objectives, design #2093 was aggregated on site

site aggregation

other siting options using different selection criteria

prioritizing maximum efficiency of terminal square footage to planes minimizing the distance for business class / maximizing forced fly for free path
but the longest route for business class inefficient terminal square footage to number of planes ration
Proof3

experiment 02: structure+program elements

Parametric model inputs

INPUTS - Column Height (If Height is < 1, column+program space hangs from the ceiling and is not a structural support)
- Column Positions (they travel on rails along the space frame); - Column Angles
OUTPUTS - Retail ASF (red surfaces); - Column Exterior SF (blue surfaces); - Length of Forced Path (yellow lines)

OBJECTIVES - Minimize (column exterior SF / retail ASF); - Maximize (length of forced path)
inhabitable roofscape

if / then model setup - affordable housing or skylights for terminal daylighting

The higher the stress on the roof space frame, the greater chance for a housing tower to emerge. Evolutionary algorithms were tested to see if structural
columns would cluster below housing towers.
Proof3
efficiency through segmentation // final experiments matrix
EXPERIMENT 02
MAX PATH +
CLUMPING COLUMNS
INPUTS
1. COLUMN POSITIONS
2. COLUMN DEPTHS
3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS
4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS
5. COLUMN ANGLE
6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS
7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION

OUTPUTS
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH
2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA
3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE
4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF
5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF

OBJECTIVES
1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH
2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL
SQUARE FOOTAGE
3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT
(SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINAL ENTRY)

EXPERIMENT 03
MAX PATH +
CLUMPING COLUMNS +
SIMULATE STRUCTURE
INPUTS
1. COLUMN POSITIONS
2. COLUMN DEPTHS
3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS
4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS
5. COLUMN ANGLE
6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS
7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION
8. COLUMN LENGTH

OUTPUTS
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH
2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA
3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE
4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF
5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF
6. TOTAL COLUMN LENGTH

OBJECTIVES
1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH
2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL
SQUARE FOOTAGE
3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT
(SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED WITH TERMINAL ENTRY)
4. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF COLUMNS

EXPERIMENT 04
MAX PATH +
CLUMPING COLUMNS +
ROBOT STRUCTURE
INPUTS OBJECTIVES
1. COLUMN POSITIONS 1. MAX TOTAL LENGTH OF
2. COLUMN DEPTHS FORCED PATH
3. COLUMN TOP RADIUS 2. MAX RATIO OF COLUMN
4. COLUMN BOTTOM RADIUS SURFACE AREA OVER RETAIL
5. COLUMN ANGLE SQUARE FOOTAGE
6. HOUSING DEFORM ATTRACTORS 3. MAX RATIO OF HOUSING
7. TRUSS HEIGHT AND DEFORMATION SURFACE OVER SKYLIGHT
8. COLUMN LENGTH (SKYLIGHT AREA IS ASSOCIATED
WITH TERMINAL ENTRY)
OUTPUTS 4.MIN STRUCTURAL
1. TOTAL LENGTH OF FORCED PATH DISPLACEMENT
2. COLUMN SURFACE AREA
3. RETAIL SPACE SQUARE FOOTAGE
4. HOUSING FLOOR PLAN SF
5. SKYLIGHT AREA SF
6. GLOBAL EXTREME STRUCTURAL DISPLACEMENT
Proof3

final design charts: 3 objectives versus 4

Adding new objectives(below) creates additional complexity by producing multiple high-performing designs. Choosing a design begins
to involve trade-offs as there is no longer one design that fits all the criteria, but rather many pareto designs.
 in
in
ini
niti
tial model configuration
tia

high performing structural results

design #254 design #405

fly for free path
p length
g + fly for free path
p h len
ength
g ++
max column srf / retail floor area ++++++ max column srf / retail floor area +++
housing g capacity
p y +++ housing g capacity
p y ++++++
number of columns ++++++ number of columns +++++++

design #455 design #585

fly
fly for free p
path
path length
g +++ fly for free path
fly p length
g ++++
max column srf / retail floor area ++++ max column srf / retail floor area ++
housing capacity ++++ housing capacity +
number of columns +++++++ number of columns +++++++

design #432 design #333

fly
fly for free p
path length
g +++++ fly for free path
fly p length
g ++++++
max column srf / retail floor area +++++ max column srf / retail floor area ++
housing g capacity
p y + housing g capacity
p y ++++++
number of columns +++++ number of columns +++++++++
Proof3

high performing, unexpected results

Cantilevered Design, 254

Graph of Design Space Catia and Finite Element Analysis Software

possible evolutionary history

design trends
Objectives include maximizing the length of columns (they’ll touch down) but minimizing their outer surface area
(they’ll lift up, or clump and boolean together).

Columns tend to spread out and lift up - not clump together.

design
g #2359

Columns tend to bunch together in the middle and touch the ground
des g #2237
design 3

Columns tend to spread out and bunch together at the ends - and touch down
design
g #2396
Proof3

design 2934 section (optimized for business class)

Optimized for business class. Competing objectives allow for airlines (client) to configure each terminal to their own specifications or preferences. Needs for
more housing lead to additional columns which increase the time and obstacles for business class, while revenue is increased by extending the forced path.

SKYLIGHTS
objectives tended to clump
them away from columns
PROGRAM + STRUCTURE above entry points
Retail accessible to business
and free flyers, provides
structural support.

BUSINESS CLASS ENTRY

PROGRAM ONLY Minimal security and ticketing
Retail shop hanging presence
FLY FOR FREE from the ceiling
Forced path continues plane.
through terminals
LIVE FOR FREE
airport worker housing, access
to retail

BAGGAGE/
ARRIVALS
design trends
objectives include maximizing the length of columns (they’ll touch down) but minimizing their outer surface area (they’ll lift
up, or clump and boolean together).

New techniques of design require new modes of representation. Here, the first 3400 designs are overlayed on top of each other as both a
graphical device but also as an informational system to quickly visualize which areas change the most and which trend toward stabilization.
Proof3

final images
Optimized designs determined by airport client/user’s priorities.

housing + business class fly-for-free + business class housing + fly-for-free

Proof3
03

Global
Panopticon
critic: Ed Keller

studio title: SpeedTerritoryCommuncation

chosen site: Beijing

program chosen: Location aware, personal prison cells.

computer programs used: rhino + grasshopper

quick project description: Architecture is a system of

control predicated on limitations. This project is a study
of the existing control systems in Beijing and a projection
of how architecture and technology will merge to change
not only prisons, but also the urban environment, the social
stratification of society. Also addressed are what confinement
and freedom will mean in relation to our relationship with
how we build our world.

2009. MSAAD . Columbia University

PARANOIA
the architecture that informs you of what could be
may.2014

exclusive: the pods and you, focusing on the future: questions about the anomaly:
what you need to know. should architects return? can it be contained?

plus: what sections of the city are next? when will the tipping point arrive at your home?
SpeedTerritoryCommunication

first six weeks: research

Noise, the parasite, the anomaly and the threshold between order and chaos.

Noise, the parasite

THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATION OF TIME

No longer was the newtonian universal concept of time accepted,
science had codified entropy.

PARASITES ARE THE AGENTS OF CHANGE

The parasite makes change necessary and possible.
Two different methods: cause death, destruction - chaos; or create
unbelievable changes
Serres, The Origin of Language

IN THE BEGINNING THERE IS NOISE

Leibniz “Hurricane/Ocean inside of us, yet we perceive none of it.” A
trembling, self-organizing world. White noise persists even in non-
existence.There is always a background noise, chaos behind order and
disorder.No system is without turbulence for very long, there is always
the anomaly.
Serres, The Origin of Language

CHAOS IS THE ORIGIN

Serres considers atomism the origin of the turbulence, of new and
complex forms from the tiniest difference in the speed of flowing
energy. Within the flurry of activity, a spontaneous order results. An
idea, a language, a machine, is built from pieces of noise; chaos and
turbulence are the origin.

HOMEORRHETIC SYSTEM OF EVOLUTION

In biology, describes the tendency of developing or changing organisms
to continue development or change towards a given state, even if
disturbed by an anomaly in development.
Eddies in the river cannot reverse the phylogenesis of the organism.
Issues of restraint and punishment in a future system of control in the pre-singularity information age.

Discipline & Punishment

PARASITIC ECONOMIC MODELS

The model of the relationship between the parasite and host serves as a
useful model for all forms of social, cultural, and technological mediation.
All acts of exchange are based on exploitation. Parasite = Noise = Static.
These disruptions are potentially productive in that they result in the
formation of a new system. The host cannot control the guest when the
principle of altruism is primary.

EVOLUTION OF THE JUDGE/EXECUTIONER

History of punishment is the shift from striking the body to striking the
soul.The hold on the body was slackening.
The guillotine created the executioner as technician. Takes life without
touching the body. Punishment is disassociated from physical pain.

PUNISHMENT
Public torture gave way public chain gangs. Body is put on display as
multiple ‘mini-theaters’ of punishment that reflect the crime. Punishment
is public, populace sees the convict’s body repaying their debt. In
feudalism, the body is punished (it’s the only property available). A
mercantile economy results in forced labor and monetary fines. In the
20th century, forced labor diminished, while “corrective” detention took
it’s place.

PUNISHMENT (TREATMENT) VIA DOCTORS

Institutional Morphology includes a shift from confinement to treatment.
Concepts of “patient” and “cureable” Loss of the public spectacle. However
the treatment is frequently a harsher form of punishment. In an attempt
to stabilize time the anomaly in the system is encapsulated back within,
an attempt to return to Newtonian eternity - remove entropy / disorder.
Discipline is constructed for the individual body.“Punishment is shifted
from vengeance of the sovereign to the defense of society.”
SpeedTerritoryCommunication

first six weeks: research (continued)

Discipline and the role of ethical machines.

systems of control

KNOWLEDGE LEADS TO PUNISHMENT

“Punishment, if I may so put it, should strike the soul rather than the
body.” Foucault, Discipline and Punishment

MEMORY MAPPING - MEMORY ERASING

Extracting the anomaly. Definition of a prison is fluid. Punishment =
Erasure of knowledge of crime + freedom of movement
Michael Winterbottom, Code46

FALSE MEMORY
feedback loops / personality matrix swaps / spiralling-eternal conception
of time. “no hay banda” Lynch, Mulholland Drive

MOST COMPLEX, IMMENSELY POWERFUL

MACHINE WE’VE ALREADY BUILT
The U.S. Government follows a set of rules and if/then statements.
Evolves into unforeseeable result due to decisions made by many
people(agents) as well as other machines on metadata.

SENTIENT CORPORATIONS + NON-STATE AI MACHINES

Application of consciousness - legal status. Larger than many nations.
The parasite translates the white noise of the network into a system of
relationships and create a new meaning, possibility for alliances - mutual
profit. A system thrives on docile bodies, feeds upon itself. Stross,
Accelerando

NON-STATE CORPORATE ACTORS

State of emergency / state of exception allows this to thrive in defense
/ military / correctional spheres. For profit, for war (Haliburton,
Blackwater...) Rise in prison populations = rise in profits. System that feeds
on docile bodies.
The anomaly as destructive or symbiotic force in a system.

Anomaly Matrix

ANOMALY AS DESTRUCTION
Poetry (Borqes) is the noise of science. Annihilation occurs when system
of poetry conflicts with system of science.

ANOMALY AS ANNHILIATION
Mystery Man as harbinger of destruction, if chaos reaches too far
Operates outside the rules of the game. The noise goes too far within the
system.

ANOMALY AS SIGN/MESSAGE
Monolith, 2001
Deja Vu, Matrix

BENEVOLENT ANOMALY AS VOLUNTARY PRISON

Nostalgia creates a passive, static typology of predictable and leisurely.
Kris is unable to comprehend his own inner complexities and
contradictions, prevents him from understanding the unknown. Science
and psychology fail to in regards to the unconscious.

SEARCH FOR/REALIZATION OF THE ANOMALY

AS PUNISHMENT

“You didn’t know the Old Commandant and his way of thinking.
You are trapped in a European way of seeing things. Perhaps you are
fundamentally opposed to the death penalty in general and to this kind
of mechanical style of execution in particular. Moreover, you see how the
execution is a sad procedure, without any public participation, using a
partially damaged machine.”
Kafka, In the Penal Colony

UNCONSCIOUS (SOURCE OF NOISE) BECOMES BLACK

BOX TO FEARED, RESTRAINED BY
“Why would I want to go into the room”
Writer, Stalker
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

site: beijing
An existing, hyper-fictional space with a built in system of controls. Able to mutate from feudalism to communism to a new permutation of capitalism at
rapid pace. Important to note with control mechanisms, that it is not so much about actual punishment, but rather molding a population of docile bodies.

UBIQUITOUS SURVEILLANCE

Behavior is constrained/modified when there is the possibility of being watched. In response, behavior is changed through guilt, fear of censure,
embarrassment, or some other mechanism.

THREAT OF PUNISHMENT

Behavior is modified by the human face representing the power of the state. The possibility for immediate punishment, encourages uniform behavior.

MAKE EMOTIONAL CONNECTIONS

$
Size and location also create the sense of authority. At least three mechanisms at work here: ‘appeal to authority’ in terms of attitude / behavior guidance,
perceived threat to users who ‘disobey’ authoritative messages, and desire to become more like the ‘pros’ by imitation
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

beijing growth
Constant state of growth, destruction and maintenance. For the first time, building demolitions and constructions are both increasing, as the urban
population explodes.

participatory panopticon
With the rise in storage space, reality becomes data. As an extension of facebook, qqzone and twitter, Chinese citizens elect to partake in a participatory
panopticon. Through a series of mods, including brain/petabyte storage systems, all experiences are recorded, actions are converted to data. This data is
constantly updated to social networks.

2009 2012 2014

QQZone, more Wearable data recording Underground data

users than device. server farms mine
facebook through the data of
everyday existence.
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

karmic system of law

The Chinese government replaces the current legal system with the Karmic Point System. Minor transgressions like traffic penalties and other misdemeanors
remove small amounts of KPS and are not otherwise punished. While major anomalies, like murder, revolutionary actions, expired visas result in automatic
loss Karma. In an effort to avoid entropic decay and create universal time, excessive aberrant behavior (whether beneficial or not) is punished.

Any great imbalance in the system is illegal. Punishment involves restoring balance. The prisoner takes on the role of judge/executioner by surveilling the
population to find others guilty of the same crime.

Three axis are based on somewhat clumsy attempts at Chinese

State Control.

The poles of the Social Axis are Love and Hate

The poles of the Economic Axis are Consumption and Asceticism

The poles of the Nationalistic Axis are Revolution and Fascism

In a virtually connected world, national identity is no longer determined by physical borders. Groups in a limitless space are determined by their
individual, common relationships based on past deeds, or misdeeds. This leads to a new values-based economy modelled on beneficial trade
relationships. What types of person would make you a better person? A new social network is created that precisely maps all possible relationships.
Loss of contiguous spaces creates new possibilities for fragmented, franchise model of atiguous space.
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

guest cells
Flexible, location-aware interventions that fulfill the notion for spectacle. Through a joint government/private investment system, all buildings designed
after 2014 include a built-in system to immediately render punishment on a shifting, location aware manner. In an attempt to restore balance, each pod is
a control system of the inverse of the transgression. Revolutionary actions lead to nationalist, government sponsored cells, while branding opportunities
are created through lack of consumption.
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

environmental flows
In addition to the flows of information through the cell, there is also the conversion of human waste into energy and sustenance. Through urban farming,
biogas-regenerators and a VCD-water regeneration system, each cell becomes completely sustainable and able to provide all necessary air, water and food
requirements. It also generates a surplus of energy.of the transgression.

Surplus Energy is created. Each cell acts as a

capacitor to feed energy back into the system.
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

cell section
Environmental Controls in place to create 100% enclosure for indefinite self-sustaining life.

Lettuce, wheatgrass and algae crops.

Based on NASA energy to crop square
footage ratios.

Food Harvester
Microturbine Generator

Biogas Digester
electrical storage sheet

inorganic waste
exhaust

reverse osmosis
genetically modified salt crystals subsystem
pull water vapor from the
atmosphere

micro-algae water filled enclosure

genetically engineered algae that can reduce

photosynthesis to produce hydrogen fuel double layer of inflatable EFT capsules
instead of purely oxygen
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

economy of the gift / hack

Interiors are precisely tuned to allow a limited choreography of physical movement. Outside agents, such as family gifts or hacks, can change the shape,
thereby changing the range of motion. Thus affecting the wellbeing of the mind.

Bots shut down the signals coming from prisoner’s

real senses and replace them with the signals that
your brain would be receiving if they were really in
the virtual environment.
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

single applications
Pod engaged in vertical application at the location of infraction. Sentence is inscribed in membrane skin.
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

“At first I was frightened of the pods. But I have not thought “I have been given a job by the state. I have a strong urge to scan for
any wrong thoughts, so I realize I have nothing to fear. My revolutionary thought. All my needs are taken care of.”
p-chip proves this. Now I am thankful to live in a powerful
citizen 655321
nation that can warn me of the constant dangers we are
under.”
Zhang Wei, worker
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

urban growth: waves

Growth occurs radially - broken window theory - from chosen epicenters.
Memory of their own transgression is wiped. Society becomes too complex for rehabilitation. Recidivism rates soar. Debts paid back in fines or labor are
inconsequential in the face of immigrant labor and agalmic economic system. Debt is repaid by restoring balance. Prisoner must find others guilty of his crimes.

2014 2
2022 2028

Beijing Life-Cycle: Symbiotic leads to destruction, all exchanges based on exploitation

 2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

karma level

2022 2028 2034 2042

2034 2
2042 2044_tipping point - buildings decay
2

After the karmic balance is reached, the prisoner’s memory is restored. The choice is then given to either return to the outside world or remain within the
meta-space as a new citizen of a nation-state he himself helped create. To truly love the state, and remain under their care. The vast majority of prisoners chose
to voluntarily remain within the pod.
Post Tipping Point: Buildings are removed and guardless Panopticon is formed from memory/shape of former buildings. Colors indicate different crimes.
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

unincorporated territories
These are areas that exist in a pre-2014 state. The cell infrastructure was never built into the framework of new construction. Walled-off with the only
option to expand vertically, they exist within their own reality, separate from the remnants of old Beijing.

Rules of Growth
Starting points of crime ar chosen. Factors such as density, spread, size and number of waves are parametrically controlled. Some crimes have a tendency
to mesh together with other crimes, while avoiding others. This leads to purple leapfrogging yellow wile interacting with read. The opportunity thus
arises for new economic relationships between various infractionary karmic imbalances through mutual symbiosis.
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

global panopticon
The host decays and the cells self support each other. Different infractions occur within the space and include, military, clinics, schools and prisoners. The
system is constantly in flux, as the individual pod shapes expand and contract with different assigned tasks occurring within.

Unoccupied built structures fall to rubble, memory is preserved in the void space.
“Do you think it would be much better to have the prisoners operating the panoptic apparatus and sitting in
the control tower, instead of the guards?” Foucault
SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2009 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032

system in constant flux

New nations based on personality/crime/mental imbalance/school grade, etc; constantly strive for chaos tipping the system out of balance and creating new
conditions. When two nations share physical proximity, they share resources; when enemies coexist they attempt to deny access to life-support systems.

starting position allies + enemies // resource sharing

siege hacked
2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054 2056 2058

new systems of control

To escape existing social and environmental constraints, volunteers began to sign up for the pods.

Environmental Controls can’t sustain life.

Pod sucked back into building facade.

New Education System

“I was so worried how I could afford school for my children. Thankfully

Corrections & Education-PRC was able to provide access to a learning
environment. I can see my child outside the window and know they’re safe.”
Mei Li, government worker

“I am able to study with all the best masters, and even further outpace students
in other enclaves. My mother was worried about paying for my education, now
my learning generates enough electricity to power her pod!”
student 33945

Rise of Clinics

“The pressures of work and finances were too much...I needed to relax, to
forget about my troubles. Thankfully Forgetinol was there. I feel even closer to
my family now that I can monitor them ceaselessly.”
patient 600435

Standing Army Disbanded in favor of fascistic personality groups.

SpeedTerritoryCommunication
2008/2009
fuDD intro to digital fabrication component systems

techniques of the ultrareal adaptive formulation 1+2 meshing

architectural photography search: processing living architecture 1+2

visual studies
architectural photography
vs01
architectural photography
vs01
techniques of the ultrareal
vs02
search: advanced algorithmic design

boolean record;
import processing.dxf.*; for(int i = 0; i < fft.avgSize(); i++){
import ddf.minim.analysis.*; //mm.addFrame(); a = fft.avgSize()/2*-x_spacing+i*x_spacing;
import ddf.minim.*; if(frameCount%200 ==0){ //adjust the x position of the waveform here
println(frameCount); b=0;
Waveform myWave1, myWave2; } c = z + fft.getAvg(i) * 1.6;
Minim minim; if( frameCount > 1600 ){ field[i] = new PVector(a,b,c);
AudioPlayer groove1; //mm.finish(); }
AudioPlayer groove2; exit(); this.plot(mod);
FFT fftLog1, fftLog2; } }
if (record) {
PFont font; endRaw(); void plot(float mod){
PFont fontoutline; record = false; stroke(255);
int field_depth = 60; } noFill();
float x_spacing = 5; } for(int i=0; i < min(frameCount, field_depth); i++){
float y_spacing = 3; if(i==0){ strokeWeight(2); stroke(255);
void mousePressed() { } else {strokeWeight(1);
void setup(){ record = true; stroke(255,max(20,255-i*6));
size(720,480,P3D); } }
JPEG, MovieMaker.BEST );
void stop() {
noStroke(); groove1.close(); // always close Minim audio classes when you finish with beginShape();
minim = new Minim(this); them int head = fft.avgSize()*i;
groove1 = minim.loadFile(“groove_iggy.mp3”); groove2.close(); for(int j=0; j < fft.avgSize(); j++){
groove2 = minim.loadFile(“groove_wagner.mp3”);
minim.stop(); // always stop Minim before exiting curveVertex( field[ head + j].x, (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing, field[
groove1.loop();//repeat each song super.stop(); head + j].z*mod);
groove2.loop(); } }
endShape();
font = loadFont(“HelveticaNeueLT-Bold-18.vlw”); /!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
fontoutline = loadFont(“HelveticaNeueLT-Bold-18.vlw”); class Waveform{
float x,y,z;
fftLog1 = new FFT(groove1.bufferSize(),groove1.sampleRate()); float a,b,c; stroke(255,60);
fftLog2 = new FFT(groove2.bufferSize(),groove2.sampleRate()); PVector[] pts; fill(255,0,0,250);
fftLog1.logAverages(22,5); //adjust numbers to adjust spacing PVector[] field; // noStroke();
fftLog2.logAverages(22,5); FFT fft; for(int i=0; i < min((frameCount-1), field_depth-1); i++){
int head = fft.avgSize()*i;
myWave1 = new Waveform(0,0,-30, fftLog1); Waveform(float a, float b, float c, FFT d){ for(int j=1; j < fft.avgSize()-2; j++){
myWave2 = new Waveform(0,0,-30, fftLog2); fft = d; int clr = ceil( max(0, min(255, (field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].z)*4
} field = new PVector[fft.avgSize() * field_depth]; ) ) );
for(int i=0;i<field.length; i++){ fill(255-clr, 0,clr,150);
void draw(){ field[i] =new PVector();
if (record) { } beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
beginRaw(PDF, “output####.pdf”); println(“field is “+field.length); vertex( field[ head + j].x,
} x = a; (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing,
y = b; field[ head + j].z*mod);
background(0); lights(); z = c; vertex( field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].x,
float camlen = 170; } (field_depth/2-i-1)*y_spacing,
camera( field[ head + j + fft.avgSize()].z *mod);
sin(radians(frameCount*.25))*camlen, void load(float mod){ vertex( field[ head + j + 1].x,
cos(radians(frameCount*.25))*camlen, x = 100; (field_depth/2-i)*y_spacing,
camlen*0.00075, int stack = (frameCount-1) % field_depth ; field[ head + j + 1].z *mod);
0,0,0, int head = stack * fft.avgSize(); vertex( field[ head + j + 1 + fft.avgSize()].x,
0,0,-1); avgSize()-1)); (field_depth/2-i-1)*y_spacing,
if(frameCount % 2 ==0){ field[ head + j + 1 + fft.avgSize()].z*mod);
fftLog1.forward(groove1.mix); //play each song for(int i = min( field.length-1-fft.avgSize(), (frameCount-1)*fft.avgSize()-1); endShape();
fftLog2.forward(groove2.mix); i >= 0; i--){ }
} field[i+fft.avgSize()].set(field[i]); }
myWave1.load(-1); } }
myWave2.load(1); }
 vs03
Landscape generated in real-time while song (or two songs) plays, giving graphical comparison of multiple audio signals.
advanced fabrication: component systems

project team includes: Brad Englesman and James O’Meara

vs04
FuDD
vs05
Adaptive Formulations

Overlay Components: Components have own logic, but apertures and placement determined by base shape curvature.

Effects of changing number and placement of attractors. Different relationships of extremum and surface area.
 vs06

Parametric inputs of component attached to base surface.

Objectives - Divergent objectives with multiple variables

1. MAXIMIZE the extremum distance divided by the base surface area.
PREDICTION: Surface will tilt toward a steep form to provide a large extremum distance with little surface deformation to keep
surface area low.
2 MAXIMIZE the base surface area divided by the total volume of components
PREDICTION: The goal calls for a small number of total volumes for components to raise the ratio. The component volume shrinks
in two ways: 1) the surface flattens out and becomes smaller, or 2) it will achieve the max deflection to create the largest opening in the
center, thereby reducing the overall volume.

Final Design map - unpredictable results created

Meshing
 vs07

finding centroid of neighboring cells

calculate environmental controls

final surfaces to bake

individual cells

starting points (16 total)

Living Architecture

An interactive light installation in the elevator of Avery Hall. The installation non-invasively attaches to the surface of the elevator via magnets. Allowing
it to be placed on any metal surface, such as a building exterior, furniture, or a vehicle.

Using their cellphones and Twitter, users can text their mood. The lights within the elevator respond to the mood of the user. For instance, if a student
texted “happy #livarch” the space within the elevator would begin to slowly pulse with a greenish/blue hue. However, if another student sent “angry
#livarch” the first light will quickly flash a bright red. There are twelve lights total and show the collective mood of the twelve most recent users.
In this way, the elevator becomes a living representation of the collective mood of the building, but it is also hoped that a feedback loop can be created, a
loop that actually influences the mood of those that ride the elevator. The emotion felt in the lobby will be altered by the time you reach the sixth floor.
And that new emotion becomes what gets texted back to the elevator.
Lastly, future installations will be physically located away from the target user. For instance, Avery’s mood will be projected to the elevator in Uris Hall
and vice versa. In this manner, we can both create a new form of pen-pal with distant locations, but also hope that our mood, whether angry, sad, happy
or nervous, will both manifest itself in a new form of architecture, but also have an effect on the greater world around us.

project team includes: Guanghong Ou and Talya Jacobs

 vs08
Possibility for Global Interaction arises

Local installation creates a relationship between Uris and Avery buildings.

Living Architecture

We initially set up the correlation between color and mood. However, we will adjust the controlling code post-operation based on feedback. For
instance, if we believe slowly fading blue-green is tied to happiness, but after riding in a blue-green elevator, users keep texting they feel calm, we will
adjust our assumptions regarding the mood-color associations of being ‘happy’ and ‘calm.’

{
HAPPY

RELAXED

CALM

CURIOUS

SAD

ENERGIZED

STRESSED

ANGRY
{
 vs08

Final working installation, May 13, 2009. User texting his feeling to the system while riding the elevator, he then controls the color and strobe/fading effects.