Name: Salih Samer Muhyiddin

Lara kosrat Adel

TEST Soil
NO.5 Burin nazil jabali
Sarmand Azeez Sleman
Lakstan badran salih
Compaction test

Standard Compaction of soil:

Compaction is the process of increasing the density of a soil by

packing the particles closer together with a reduction in the volume of
air only. Compaction increases the dry density and decreases the void
ratio.

APPARATUS

• Metal mould (volume = 1000 cm3)

• Balance (capacity = 10 kg, least count = 1g)
• Oven (105 to 1100C)
• Metal rammer (weight = 2.5 kg)

• Droup Distance
• Compaction Mould and hammer

Test Procedure :

1- a sufficient quantity of air-dried soil in large mixing pan (say 4 kg)

2- Determine the weight of the compaction mold with its base (without the
collar).
3- Start with initial water such (3% of Soil weight)
4- Add the water to the soil and mix it thoroughly into the soil until the soil gets
uniform color (see figure B and C).
5- Assemble the compaction mold to the base, place soil in the mold and
compact the soil in the number of equal layers specified by the type of compaction
method (see photo D and E).
The number of drops per layer is dependent upon the type of compaction. The
drops should be applied at a uniform rate not exceeding around 1.5
seconds per drops, and the rammer should provide uniform coverage of the
specimen surface.
6- The soil should completely fill the cylinder and the last compacted layer
must extend slightly above the collar joint. If the soil below the collar joint at the
completion of the drops, the test point must be repeated.
7- Carefully remove the collar and trim off the compacted soil so that it is
completely even with the top of the mold.(see photo F).
8- Weigh the compacted soil while it's in the mold and to the base, and record
the mass (see Photo G). Determine the wet mass of the soil by subtracting the
weight of the mold and base.
9- Remove the soil from the mold using a mechanical extruder (see Photo H)
and take the soil moisture content samples from the top and bottom of the
specimen (see Photo i). Determine the water content.
10- Place the soil specimen in the large tray and break up the soil until it appears
visually as if it will pass through the #4 sieve, add 3% more water on the soil and
remix as in step 4. Repeat step 5 through 9 until a peak value is reached followed
by two slightly lesser compacted soil masses.
The following Figures give the steps used in the test:
Calculation

Test 1 2 3
W1 gm 4328 4328 4328
W2 gm 6141 6163 6123
Wwet = W2 - W1 gm 1813 1835 1795
L cm 11.3 11.3 11.3
D cm 9.5 9.5 9.5
𝜋
V cm3= 𝐷2 × 𝐿 801 801 801
4
𝑊𝑤𝑒𝑡 2.263 2.29 2.241
γ wet = gm/cm3
𝑉
Moisture can No. 28 69 54
W1 (g) 28 28 28
W2 (g) 60 81 62
W3(g) 54 72 57
w (%) 23 20.45 17.24
𝛾𝑤𝑒𝑡 1.8 1.92 1.91
Dry unit weight γd= gm/cm3
1+𝑊.𝑐

W1= Determine weight of the mold

W2 = Determine weight of the mold + compacted moist soil

D= (diameter of the mould)

L = (hight of the mould)

W1 (weight of empty can)

W2 (weight of soil with moiesture)

W3 (weight of dry soil)

Water content =W2-W3/W3-W1 *%

 𝜋
V= 𝐷2 × ℎ
4

Wwet = W2 – W1

𝑊𝑤𝑒𝑡
𝛾𝑤𝑒𝑡 =
𝑉
𝛾𝑤𝑒𝑡
𝛾𝐷𝑟𝑦 =
1+𝑊.𝑐
General Comments

1. Plot a graph showing γd vs. w (%) and determine the maximum dry unit weight of compaction,
γd(max).

2. Also determine the optimum moisture content corresponding to γd(max).

3. Discuss your results.

1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
DRY UNIT WEIGHT

1.90
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

WATER CONTENT %

The ydry max = 19.36 kN/m3, and the Optimum Moisture content = 19.4%
DISCUSSION

1. From data obtained we have got the dry unit weight of for corresponding
moisture content.
2. By this data set we have plotted a graph showing dry unit weight vs moisture
content, which gives a curvilinear relationship between dry unit weight and
moisture content.
3. In the graph it is clearly seen that the highest dry unit weight is 19.36 kN/𝑚 3
which means the corresponding water content (19.4%) is the optimum
water/moisture content.
4. Again, we plotted unit weight (without any void) vs water content. This gives
almost a linear line and that line is above the previous curve. This line is
known as zero air void line.
5. This means that the presence of any void decreases the unit weight of any
soil sample of same specific gravity.
6. Again, this graph tells us that unit weight increases with a certain limit of
increasing water content and then gradually decreases with increasing
water/moisture content.