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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
UNIT PAVERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 1
1.05 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 3
3.03 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 10
PART 1 GENERAL
A. This Section covers the furnishing and installation of precast concrete pavers at the
locations and to the lines, grades and details as shown on the Contract Drawings.
B. The Contractor shall provide all material, labor, tools and equipment to complete the
Work.
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.
10. ASTM C231 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
13. ASTM C341M Standard Practice for Length Change of Cast, Drilled
or Sawed Specimens of Hydraulic-Cement Mortar
and Concrete
14. ASTM C469 Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity
and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression
16. ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use as a Mineral
Admixture in Concrete
E. BS British Standards
1. All construction work shall comply with the National Building Code and NFPA
requirements
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:
1. Product Data
2. Shop Drawings
3. Compliance Certificate
1) Aggregate.
2) Cement.
4. Design Mix
a) Proposed job mix test data. After placement of pavement, the Contractor
shall certify that the mix complies with the design mix formula.
5. Material Samples
b) All work shall match the approved samples in finish, quality and
workmanship.
A. General
1. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop
and propose programs and methods of construction and testing such as to
achieve the specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in
accordance with SECTION 01450.
B. Contractor’s Experience
1. The Contractor shall have experience with work comparable to the work shown
and specified, employing labor and supervisory personnel experienced in this
type of work.
C. Tests
1. Prior to the construction of any pavement system, the proposed material for
that course shall be subject to tests to determine conformance with the
specification, including:
a) Compaction
1) In accordance with SECTION 02315.
b) Concrete
1) Provide 1 set of 3 concrete test cylinders for each 230 m2 and not
less than 1 set per shift per day.
3. Contractor
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:
1. Delivery
a) The Contractor shall deliver all precast concrete and setting materials in
factory sealed containers with the labels clearly identifying their
contents, color and applicable instructions.
2. Storage
b) Material shall not be stacked higher than 3 tiers per pallet, cross
hatching each successive tier. Upper tier shall be strapped to prevent
toppling.
3. Handling
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out of Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. General
B. Sand Bed
1. Sand bed shall be fine and free from organic material, salt and stones in
excess of 10 mm diameter.
C. Gravel
1. Pea gravel shall be provided where pavers are laid over concrete structures. It
shall be 9 mm diameter in lieu of sand where indicated.
D. Colored Concrete
2. Provide coloring pigments that are finely ground, non-fading mineral oxides,
interground with the cement.
E. Mortar Materials
2.03 FABRICATION
C. A concrete base shall be provided for steps as indicated on the Contract Drawings
with reinforcement as and where indicated.
D. Inserts shall be provided as indicated on the Contract Drawings. All sleeves shall be
galvanized.
E. Soil preparation fabric shall be used under sand setting beds over compacted earth
as indicated with a material approved by the Royal Commission.
G. Grout between precast pavers at steps, and where indicated, shall have color
additives to maintain grout color equal to precast pavers color range.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 EXAMINATION
A. The Contractor shall verify that the substrate is level or to correct gradient, smooth,
capable of supporting pavers and imposed loads, and ready to receive work of this
Section.
B. The Contractor shall verify that the elevations of substrate are correct.
3.02 PREPARATION
A. Verifying Conditions
1. The Contractor shall visit site and verify all conditions and dimensions. He
shall examine all Contract Drawings related to work of this Section.
2. The Contractor shall check all work or surfaces to receive work of this Section
and shall report all conditions which interfere with or prevent proper execution
of work of this Section.
1. The Contractor shall coordinate with the work of other Sections and give full
cooperation and access to other trades for the installation of their work
including:
a) SECTION 02310.
b) SECTION 02770.
c) SECTION 02920.
d) SECTION 02935.
C. Subgrade
D. In longitudinal direction, the pitch shall fall in the same direction as the curb and as
nearly parallel thereto as possible. Unsightly or abrupt breaks in grade shall be
avoided. Control and expansion joints shall be aligned with architectural features,
where applicable. The base under pavers shall maintain a precise alignment for the
road drainage indicated.
3.03 INSTALLATION
A. General
C. Delivery of blocks to the layer shall be done by the use of a tray, and delivered over
the area already laid to, within reaching distance of the layer.
D. The formation and subgrade shall not deviate from true level by more than:
1. Formation: + 20 mm
- 30 mm
2. Subbase: ± 20 mm
E. The finished wearing surface level shall not deviate vertically at any point from the
true pavement surface by more than ± 10 mm. Immediately adjacent to gullies and
manholes the tolerance shall be + 3 mm and - 0 mm.
G. The Contractor shall not transport blocks across sand already prepared for laying.
H. Enough sand shall be stockpiled to avoid having to move it over the laying face.
I. Edge restraints shall be formed in accordance with the detailed drawings, where
indicated.
J. Laying course shall be 50 mm thick after vibration, consisting of washed sharp sand,
containing not more than 3% of silt and clay by weight and not more than 15%
retained on a 2.36 mm sieve. To achieve the best regularity in the finished surface,
the sand shall be uniform in both type and moisture content.
K. Screeding to Level
1. On areas up to 5 m width, screeding can be done from the curb. For wider
areas temporary screed rails set to level on a window of sand can be used.
L. Surcharge
1. After final vibration, the blocks will be lower than their initial level because the
laying sand has been compacted and some has moved up into the joints
between the blocks. Thus, the sand has to be laid to a surcharge, the amount
of which depends on the type and moisture content of the sand, but 5 to
15 mm is normal.
2. To ensure that the surcharge is correct, the final level shall be checked after
completion of the first few meters and then at frequent intervals.
3. If the final level is incorrect, the blocks shall be lifted and stacked and the sand
thoroughly raked and rescreeded at a new level.
M. Placing Blocks
1. Great care shall be taken when placing the first blocks. The blocks shall be
placed against a firm starting edge to enable the required pattern to be laid
correctly.
2. Each block shall be laid in such a manner as not to disturb the blocks already
installed.
3. Blocks shall be laid such as to ensure easy placing and not necessary to force
blocks between those already laid.
5. Where herringbone pattern is laid at 90° to the centerline, half blocks shall be
fitted at the starting line.
6. Each block shall be placed firmly against its adjacent blocks being held slightly
above the laying course so as not to disturb the sand until the block is in its
correct place. Any damaged blocks shall be rejected and replaced at no extra
cost to the Royal Commission.
7. All blocks must be laid so that they fit closely together. Should joints begin to
open, the blocks shall be knocked together with a hide mallet. Care shall be
taken not to tilt the blocks on the leading edge of the laying face.
8. Laying shall continue until enough area has been laid to make vibration
worthwhile i.e., 15 to 20 m2. It is possible for men and light equipment to move
over the paving at this stage before vibration. Any uneven surface caused may
be ironed out by using a plate vibrator.
9. Where blocks do not fit at the edges, the spaces shall be filled with cut blocks.
Machines shall be used to split blocks but small pieces may be cut with a
bolster and hammer. Where gaps are small with a dimension less than 40 mm,
they may be filled with a 4:1 sand/cement mortar.
N. Vibration
1. The blocks shall be vibrated to their final level with a plate vibrator, i.e., a plate
area between 0.2 and 0.3 m2 and a centrifugal force of approximately
1000 kg.
2. The vibrator shall be guided uniformly over the whole area, avoiding any
vibration to cause deviation of paving from its final level.
3. After the initial vibration, sand is brushed over the surface of the blocks, and
vibrated into the joints by a further 2 or 3 passes of the plate vibrator. After the
joints are filled, surplus sand shall be swept away.
3.04 FINISHING
END OF SECTION