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Ilker Kalkan
Kirikkale University
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Abstract - The naming of the foundations differs according to the depths which are located on the ground. They
are shallow foundations and deep foundations. The shallow foundation is made as long as the ground conditions
are suitable. Shallow foundation types are; individual foundation, strip foundation and raft foundation. Deep
foundations are made when the ground conditions are not suitable for shallow foundation. Deep foundation
types are; pile foundations, caissons and deep foot foundations. In this paper, the production forms and usage
areas of the piles and piled foundations will be studied.
I. INTRODUCTION
II. DETAILS EXPERIMENTAL End bearing pile and floating pile are shown at Figure
1. The length of the piles used in practice is usually
2.1. Materials and Procedures 15 to 40 times bigger than their diameter. The end
In this study, the piles are classified as follows: bearing piles carrying the axial load are usually
a) How they carry and transfer the loads, inserted into the solid ground 1.5 times the diameter.
b) Which materials are they made by,
c) Processing and placement methods in the 2.1.2. Materials Used in the Construction of Piles
ground, and Construction Technology
d) The nature of piles functions. Piles are also classified by considering the materials
used for their construction and their construction
2.1.1. Carrying Loads and Load Transfer Types methods. According to this, concrete piles, steel piles,
If the ends of the piles locate a solid ground or piles wooden piles, composite piles are also well-known
buried in the solid ground, this kind of piles would be and generally used pile types. The construction of the
called "End Bearing Pile".If the ends of the piles do foundation of a piled foundation is also influenced by
notlocate a solid ground, this kind of piles would be the overall construction cost of the build. For this
called "Floating Pile". reason, time must be taken into consideration in cost
analysis.
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International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-5, Issue-2, Apr.-2018
http://iraj.in
2.1.2.1. Wooden Piles
It is one of the oldest known piling systems. Wood
piles are easy to transport because they are light.
Especially on clayey soils, they provide a good
adhesion to the pile-ground system. They work for a
long time below the water level. They can be
destroyed by fungi and insects if the used on the
water level. For this reason, it is necessary to operate
on wooden pile on the water level. The most common
method to prevent rotting of wood piles is the
creosote method. 250kg of creosote is used in 1 m3 to
prevent the rotting of wood piles.
35
International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-5, Issue-2, Apr.-2018
http://iraj.in
Bituminous materials can be coated to protect steel The length of the piles is set correctly as drilling is
piles against rotting. done at work-site and measured while drilling
operation.
2.1.2.4. Composite (Mixed) Piles b. Disadvantages:
Composite piles are type of piles constructed using Rainy and bad weather conditions hinders the drilling
several different materials. Generally, the bottom part operation.
of such piles consist of wood and the upper part is When unexpected ground conditions are encountered,
made of concrete or steel. The application areas of there can be significant delays in business. For this
such piles are not wide. reason, a very detailed ground survey should be made
on the foreground of the boring piles.
If the pile concrete is not of the desired quality, the
pile may not work as wanted.
The presence of groundwater affects concrete quality.
CONCLUSIONS
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